diff --git a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-examples.js b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-examples.js
index 6d2d3deb..3b00d1bf 100644
--- a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-examples.js
+++ b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-examples.js
@@ -4,31 +4,29 @@
 const version = '1.10.0';
 
 (async () => {
-  const os = require('os');
-  const { promises: fs } = require('fs');
-  const path = require('path');
+  const os = require('node:os');
+  const { promises: fs } = require('node:fs');
+  const path = require('node:path');
   const shell = require('shelljs');
   const { v4 } = require('uuid');
+  const { exec } = require('./utils');
 
   const repository = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${v4()}-arduino-examples`);
   if (shell.mkdir('-p', repository).code !== 0) {
     shell.exit(1);
   }
 
-  if (
-    shell.exec(
-      `git clone https://github.com/arduino/arduino-examples.git ${repository}`
-    ).code !== 0
-  ) {
-    shell.exit(1);
-  }
+  exec(
+    'git',
+    ['clone', 'https://github.com/arduino/arduino-examples.git', repository],
+    shell
+  );
 
-  if (
-    shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} checkout tags/${version} -b ${version}`)
-      .code !== 0
-  ) {
-    shell.exit(1);
-  }
+  exec(
+    'git',
+    ['-C', repository, 'checkout', `tags/${version}`, '-b', version],
+    shell
+  );
 
   const destination = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'Examples');
   shell.mkdir('-p', destination);
diff --git a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-fwuploader.js b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-fwuploader.js
index 4c13b628..ed4866ac 100755
--- a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-fwuploader.js
+++ b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/download-fwuploader.js
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 // @ts-check
 
 (async () => {
-  const fs = require('fs');
-  const path = require('path');
-  const temp = require('temp');
+  const path = require('node:path');
   const shell = require('shelljs');
   const semver = require('semver');
   const downloader = require('./downloader');
+  const { taskBuildFromGit } = require('./utils');
 
   const version = (() => {
     const pkg = require(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'package.json'));
@@ -86,81 +85,6 @@
       shell.exit(1);
     }
   } else {
-    // We assume an object with `owner`, `repo`, commitish?` properties.
-    const { owner, repo, commitish } = version;
-    if (!owner) {
-      shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'owner' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    if (!repo) {
-      shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'repo' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    const url = `https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}.git`;
-    shell.echo(
-      `Building Firmware Uploader from ${url}. Commitish: ${
-        commitish ? commitish : 'HEAD'
-      }`
-    );
-
-    if (fs.existsSync(destinationPath)) {
-      shell.echo(
-        `Skipping the Firmware Uploader build because it already exists: ${destinationPath}`
-      );
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (shell.mkdir('-p', buildFolder).code !== 0) {
-      shell.echo('Could not create build folder.');
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-
-    const tempRepoPath = temp.mkdirSync();
-    shell.echo(`>>> Cloning Firmware Uploader source to ${tempRepoPath}...`);
-    if (shell.exec(`git clone ${url} ${tempRepoPath}`).code !== 0) {
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    shell.echo('<<< Cloned Firmware Uploader repo.');
-
-    if (commitish) {
-      shell.echo(`>>> Checking out ${commitish}...`);
-      if (
-        shell.exec(`git -C ${tempRepoPath} checkout ${commitish}`).code !== 0
-      ) {
-        shell.exit(1);
-      }
-      shell.echo(`<<< Checked out ${commitish}.`);
-    }
-
-    shell.echo(`>>> Building the Firmware Uploader...`);
-    if (shell.exec('go build', { cwd: tempRepoPath }).code !== 0) {
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    shell.echo('<<< Firmware Uploader build done.');
-
-    if (!fs.existsSync(path.join(tempRepoPath, fwuploderName))) {
-      shell.echo(
-        `Could not find the Firmware Uploader at ${path.join(
-          tempRepoPath,
-          fwuploderName
-        )}.`
-      );
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-
-    const builtFwUploaderPath = path.join(tempRepoPath, fwuploderName);
-    shell.echo(
-      `>>> Copying Firmware Uploader from ${builtFwUploaderPath} to ${destinationPath}...`
-    );
-    if (shell.cp(builtFwUploaderPath, destinationPath).code !== 0) {
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    shell.echo(`<<< Copied the Firmware Uploader.`);
-
-    shell.echo('<<< Verifying Firmware Uploader...');
-    if (!fs.existsSync(destinationPath)) {
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    shell.echo('>>> Verified Firmware Uploader.');
+    taskBuildFromGit(version, destinationPath, 'Firmware Uploader');
   }
 })();
diff --git a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/generate-protocol.js b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/generate-protocol.js
index ca51d6d7..4b197088 100644
--- a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/generate-protocol.js
+++ b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/generate-protocol.js
@@ -1,156 +1,184 @@
 // @ts-check
 
 (async () => {
+  const os = require('node:os');
+  const path = require('node:path');
+  const { exec } = require('./utils');
+  const glob = require('glob');
+  const { v4 } = require('uuid');
+  const shell = require('shelljs');
+  const protoc = path.dirname(require('protoc/protoc'));
 
-    const os = require('os');
-    const path = require('path');
-    const glob = require('glob');
-    const { v4 } = require('uuid');
-    const shell = require('shelljs');
-    const protoc = path.dirname(require('protoc/protoc'));
-    shell.env.PATH = `${shell.env.PATH}${path.delimiter}${protoc}`;
-    shell.env.PATH = `${shell.env.PATH}${path.delimiter}${path.join(__dirname, '..', 'node_modules', '.bin')}`;
+  const repository = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${v4()}-arduino-cli`);
+  if (shell.mkdir('-p', repository).code !== 0) {
+    shell.exit(1);
+  }
 
-    const repository = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${v4()}-arduino-cli`);
-    if (shell.mkdir('-p', repository).code !== 0) {
-        shell.exit(1);
+  const { owner, repo, commitish } = (() => {
+    const pkg = require(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'package.json'));
+    if (!pkg) {
+      shell.echo(`Could not parse the 'package.json'.`);
+      shell.exit(1);
     }
 
-    const { owner, repo, commitish } = (() => {
-        const pkg = require(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'package.json'));
-        if (!pkg) {
-            shell.echo(`Could not parse the 'package.json'.`);
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-
-        const { arduino } = pkg;
-        if (!arduino) {
-            return { owner: 'arduino', repo: 'arduino-cli' };
-        }
-
-        const { cli } = arduino;
-        if (!cli) {
-            return { owner: 'arduino', repo: 'arduino-cli' };
-        }
-
-        const { version } = cli;
-        if (!version) {
-            return { owner: 'arduino', repo: 'arduino-cli' };
-        }
-
-        if (typeof version === 'string') {
-            return { owner: 'arduino', repo: 'arduino-cli' };
-        }
-
-        // We assume an object with `owner`, `repo`, commitish?` properties.
-        const { owner, repo, commitish } = version;
-        if (!owner) {
-            shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'owner' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-        if (!repo) {
-            shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'repo' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-
-        return { owner, repo, commitish };
-    })();
-
-    const url = `https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}.git`;
-    shell.echo(`>>> Cloning repository from '${url}'...`);
-    if (shell.exec(`git clone ${url} ${repository}`).code !== 0) {
-        shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    shell.echo(`<<< Repository cloned.`);
-
-    const { platform } = process;
-    const build = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'build');
-    const cli = path.join(build, `arduino-cli${platform === 'win32' ? '.exe' : ''}`);
-    const versionJson = shell.exec(`${cli} version --format json`).trim();
-    if (!versionJson) {
-        shell.echo(`Could not retrieve the CLI version from ${cli}.`);
-        shell.exit(1);
-    }
-    // As of today (28.01.2021), the `VersionString` can be one of the followings:
-    //  - `nightly-YYYYMMDD` stands for the nightly build, we use the , the `commitish` from the `package.json` to check out the code.
-    //  - `0.0.0-git` for local builds, we use the `commitish` from the `package.json` to check out the code and generate the APIs.
-    //  - `git-snapshot` for local build executed via `task build`. We do not do this.
-    //  - rest, we assume it is a valid semver and has the corresponding tagged code, we use the tag to generate the APIs from the `proto` files.
-    /*
-    {
-      "Application": "arduino-cli",
-      "VersionString": "nightly-20210126",
-      "Commit": "079bb6c6",
-      "Status": "alpha",
-      "Date": "2021-01-26T01:46:31Z"
-    }
-    */
-    const versionObject = JSON.parse(versionJson);
-    const version = versionObject.VersionString;
-    if (version && !version.startsWith('nightly-') && version !== '0.0.0-git' && version !== 'git-snapshot') {
-        shell.echo(`>>> Checking out tagged version: '${version}'...`);
-        shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} fetch --all --tags`);
-        if (shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} checkout tags/${version} -b ${version}`).code !== 0) {
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-        shell.echo(`<<< Checked out tagged version: '${commitish}'.`);
-    } else if (commitish) {
-        shell.echo(`>>> Checking out commitish from 'package.json': '${commitish}'...`);
-        if (shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} checkout ${commitish}`).code !== 0) {
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-        shell.echo(`<<< Checked out commitish from 'package.json': '${commitish}'.`);
-    } else if (versionObject.Commit) {
-        shell.echo(`>>> Checking out commitish from the CLI: '${versionObject.Commit}'...`);
-        if (shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} checkout ${versionObject.Commit}`).code !== 0) {
-            shell.exit(1);
-        }
-        shell.echo(`<<< Checked out commitish from the CLI: '${versionObject.Commit}'.`);
-    } else {
-        shell.echo(`WARN: no 'git checkout'. Generating from the HEAD revision.`);
+    const defaultVersion = {
+      owner: 'arduino',
+      repo: 'arduino-cli',
+      commitish: undefined,
+    };
+    const { arduino } = pkg;
+    if (!arduino) {
+      return defaultVersion;
     }
 
-    shell.echo('>>> Generating TS/JS API from:');
-    if (shell.exec(`git -C ${repository} rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`).code !== 0) {
-        shell.exit(1);
+    const { cli } = arduino;
+    if (!cli) {
+      return defaultVersion;
     }
 
-    const rpc = path.join(repository, 'rpc');
-    const out = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'node', 'cli-protocol');
-    shell.mkdir('-p', out);
-
-    const protos = await new Promise(resolve =>
-        glob('**/*.proto', { cwd: rpc }, (error, matches) => {
-            if (error) {
-                shell.echo(error.stack);
-                resolve([]);
-                return;
-            }
-            resolve(matches.map(filename => path.join(rpc, filename)));
-        }));
-    if (!protos || protos.length === 0) {
-        shell.echo(`Could not find any .proto files under ${rpc}.`);
-        shell.exit(1);
+    const { version } = cli;
+    if (!version) {
+      return defaultVersion;
     }
 
-    // Generate JS code from the `.proto` files.
-    if (shell.exec(`grpc_tools_node_protoc \
---js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:${out} \
---grpc_out=generate_package_definition:${out} \
--I ${rpc} \
-${protos.join(' ')}`).code !== 0) {
-        shell.exit(1);
+    if (typeof version === 'string') {
+      return defaultVersion;
     }
 
-    // Generate the `.d.ts` files for JS.
-    if (shell.exec(`protoc \
---plugin=protoc-gen-ts=${path.resolve(__dirname, '..', 'node_modules', '.bin', `protoc-gen-ts${platform === 'win32' ? '.cmd' : ''}`)} \
---ts_out=generate_package_definition:${out} \
--I ${rpc} \
-${protos.join(' ')}`).code !== 0) {
-        shell.exit(1);
+    // We assume an object with `owner`, `repo`, commitish?` properties.
+    const { owner, repo, commitish } = version;
+    if (!owner) {
+      shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'owner' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
+      shell.exit(1);
+    }
+    if (!repo) {
+      shell.echo(`Could not retrieve 'repo' from ${JSON.stringify(version)}`);
+      shell.exit(1);
     }
 
-    shell.echo('<<< Generation was successful.');
+    return { owner, repo, commitish };
+  })();
 
+  const url = `https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}.git`;
+  shell.echo(`>>> Cloning repository from '${url}'...`);
+  exec('git', ['clone', url, repository], shell);
+  shell.echo(`<<< Repository cloned.`);
+
+  const { platform } = process;
+  const build = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'build');
+  const cli = path.join(
+    build,
+    `arduino-cli${platform === 'win32' ? '.exe' : ''}`
+  );
+  const versionJson = exec(cli, ['version', '--format', 'json'], shell).trim();
+  if (!versionJson) {
+    shell.echo(`Could not retrieve the CLI version from ${cli}.`);
+    shell.exit(1);
+  }
+  // As of today (28.01.2021), the `VersionString` can be one of the followings:
+  //  - `nightly-YYYYMMDD` stands for the nightly build, we use the , the `commitish` from the `package.json` to check out the code.
+  //  - `0.0.0-git` for local builds, we use the `commitish` from the `package.json` to check out the code and generate the APIs.
+  //  - `git-snapshot` for local build executed via `task build`. We do not do this.
+  //  - rest, we assume it is a valid semver and has the corresponding tagged code, we use the tag to generate the APIs from the `proto` files.
+  /*
+      {
+        "Application": "arduino-cli",
+        "VersionString": "nightly-20210126",
+        "Commit": "079bb6c6",
+        "Status": "alpha",
+        "Date": "2021-01-26T01:46:31Z"
+      }
+      */
+  const versionObject = JSON.parse(versionJson);
+  const version = versionObject.VersionString;
+  if (
+    version &&
+    !version.startsWith('nightly-') &&
+    version !== '0.0.0-git' &&
+    version !== 'git-snapshot'
+  ) {
+    shell.echo(`>>> Checking out tagged version: '${version}'...`);
+    exec('git', ['-C', repository, 'fetch', '--all', '--tags'], shell);
+    exec(
+      'git',
+      ['-C', repository, 'checkout', `tags/${version}`, '-b', version],
+      shell
+    );
+    shell.echo(`<<< Checked out tagged version: '${version}'.`);
+  } else if (commitish) {
+    shell.echo(
+      `>>> Checking out commitish from 'package.json': '${commitish}'...`
+    );
+    exec('git', ['-C', repository, 'checkout', commitish], shell);
+    shell.echo(
+      `<<< Checked out commitish from 'package.json': '${commitish}'.`
+    );
+  } else if (versionObject.Commit) {
+    shell.echo(
+      `>>> Checking out commitish from the CLI: '${versionObject.Commit}'...`
+    );
+    exec('git', ['-C', repository, 'checkout', versionObject.Commit], shell);
+    shell.echo(
+      `<<< Checked out commitish from the CLI: '${versionObject.Commit}'.`
+    );
+  } else {
+    shell.echo(`WARN: no 'git checkout'. Generating from the HEAD revision.`);
+  }
+
+  shell.echo('>>> Generating TS/JS API from:');
+  exec('git', ['-C', repository, 'rev-parse', '--abbrev-ref', 'HEAD'], shell);
+
+  const rpc = path.join(repository, 'rpc');
+  const out = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'node', 'cli-protocol');
+  shell.mkdir('-p', out);
+
+  const protos = await new Promise((resolve) =>
+    glob('**/*.proto', { cwd: rpc }, (error, matches) => {
+      if (error) {
+        shell.echo(error.stack ?? error.message);
+        resolve([]);
+        return;
+      }
+      resolve(matches.map((filename) => path.join(rpc, filename)));
+    })
+  );
+  if (!protos || protos.length === 0) {
+    shell.echo(`Could not find any .proto files under ${rpc}.`);
+    shell.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  // Generate JS code from the `.proto` files.
+
+  exec(
+    'grpc_tools_node_protoc',
+    [
+      `--js_out=import_style=commonjs,binary:${out}`,
+      `--grpc_out=generate_package_definition:${out}`,
+      '-I',
+      rpc,
+      ...protos,
+    ],
+    shell
+  );
+
+  // Generate the `.d.ts` files for JS.
+  exec(
+    path.join(protoc, `protoc${platform === 'win32' ? '.exe' : ''}`),
+    [
+      `--plugin=protoc-gen-ts=${path.resolve(
+        __dirname,
+        '..',
+        'node_modules',
+        '.bin',
+        `protoc-gen-ts${platform === 'win32' ? '.cmd' : ''}`
+      )}`,
+      `--ts_out=generate_package_definition:${out}`,
+      '-I',
+      rpc,
+      ...protos,
+    ],
+    shell
+  );
+
+  shell.echo('<<< Generation was successful.');
 })();
diff --git a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/utils.js b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/utils.js
index c7ca7851..4b18c74f 100644
--- a/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/utils.js
+++ b/arduino-ide-extension/scripts/utils.js
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+// @ts-check
+
+const exec = (
+  /** @type {string} */ command,
+  /** @type {readonly string[]} */ args,
+  /** @type {import('shelljs')|undefined}*/ shell = undefined,
+  /** @type {import('node:child_process').ExecFileSyncOptionsWithStringEncoding|undefined} */ options = undefined
+) => {
+  try {
+    const stdout = require('node:child_process').execFileSync(
+      command,
+      args,
+      options ? options : { encoding: 'utf8' }
+    );
+    if (shell) {
+      shell.echo(stdout.trim());
+    }
+    return stdout;
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (shell) {
+      shell.echo(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+      shell.exit(1);
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+};
+exports.exec = exec;
+
 /**
  * Clones something from GitHub and builds it with [`Task`](https://taskfile.dev/).
  *
@@ -21,11 +49,15 @@ exports.goBuildFromGit = (version, destinationPath, taskName) => {
 };
 
 /**
- * The `command` is either `go` or `task`.
+ * The `command` must be either `'go'` or `'task'`.
+ * @param {string} command
+ * @param {{ owner: any; repo: any; commitish: any; }} version
+ * @param {string} destinationPath
+ * @param {string} taskName
  */
 function buildFromGit(command, version, destinationPath, taskName) {
-  const fs = require('fs');
-  const path = require('path');
+  const fs = require('node:fs');
+  const path = require('node:path');
   const temp = require('temp');
   const shell = require('shelljs');
 
@@ -66,23 +98,17 @@ function buildFromGit(command, version, destinationPath, taskName) {
 
   const tempRepoPath = temp.mkdirSync();
   shell.echo(`>>> Cloning ${taskName} source to ${tempRepoPath}...`);
-  if (shell.exec(`git clone ${url} ${tempRepoPath}`).code !== 0) {
-    shell.exit(1);
-  }
+  exec('git', ['clone', url, tempRepoPath], shell);
   shell.echo(`<<< Cloned ${taskName} repo.`);
 
   if (commitish) {
     shell.echo(`>>> Checking out ${commitish}...`);
-    if (shell.exec(`git -C ${tempRepoPath} checkout ${commitish}`).code !== 0) {
-      shell.exit(1);
-    }
+    exec('git', ['-C', tempRepoPath, 'checkout', commitish], shell);
     shell.echo(`<<< Checked out ${commitish}.`);
   }
 
   shell.echo(`>>> Building the ${taskName}...`);
-  if (shell.exec(`${command} build`, { cwd: tempRepoPath }).code !== 0) {
-    shell.exit(1);
-  }
+  exec(command, ['build'], shell, { cwd: tempRepoPath, encoding: 'utf8' });
   shell.echo(`<<< Done ${taskName} build.`);
 
   const binName = path.basename(destinationPath);