diff --git a/homeassistant/components/cloud/backup.py b/homeassistant/components/cloud/backup.py
index 0f137553d34..153d0741770 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/cloud/backup.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/cloud/backup.py
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import base64
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Callable, Coroutine, Mapping
 import hashlib
 import logging
+import random
 from typing import Any
 
 from aiohttp import ClientError, ClientTimeout
@@ -27,6 +29,9 @@ from .const import DATA_CLOUD, DOMAIN, EVENT_CLOUD_EVENT
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 _STORAGE_BACKUP = "backup"
+_RETRY_LIMIT = 5
+_RETRY_SECONDS_MIN = 60
+_RETRY_SECONDS_MAX = 600
 
 
 async def _b64md5(stream: AsyncIterator[bytes]) -> str:
@@ -125,6 +130,44 @@ class CloudBackupAgent(BackupAgent):
 
         return ChunkAsyncStreamIterator(resp.content)
 
+    async def _async_do_upload_backup(
+        self,
+        *,
+        open_stream: Callable[[], Coroutine[Any, Any, AsyncIterator[bytes]]],
+        filename: str,
+        base64md5hash: str,
+        metadata: dict[str, Any],
+        size: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Upload a backup."""
+        try:
+            details = await async_files_upload_details(
+                self._cloud,
+                storage_type=_STORAGE_BACKUP,
+                filename=filename,
+                metadata=metadata,
+                size=size,
+                base64md5hash=base64md5hash,
+            )
+        except (ClientError, CloudError) as err:
+            raise BackupAgentError("Failed to get upload details") from err
+
+        try:
+            upload_status = await self._cloud.websession.put(
+                details["url"],
+                data=await open_stream(),
+                headers=details["headers"] | {"content-length": str(size)},
+                timeout=ClientTimeout(connect=10.0, total=43200.0),  # 43200s == 12h
+            )
+            _LOGGER.log(
+                logging.DEBUG if upload_status.status < 400 else logging.WARNING,
+                "Backup upload status: %s",
+                upload_status.status,
+            )
+            upload_status.raise_for_status()
+        except (TimeoutError, ClientError) as err:
+            raise BackupAgentError("Failed to upload backup") from err
+
     async def async_upload_backup(
         self,
         *,
@@ -141,34 +184,34 @@ class CloudBackupAgent(BackupAgent):
             raise BackupAgentError("Cloud backups must be protected")
 
         base64md5hash = await _b64md5(await open_stream())
+        filename = self._get_backup_filename()
+        metadata = backup.as_dict()
+        size = backup.size
 
-        try:
-            details = await async_files_upload_details(
-                self._cloud,
-                storage_type=_STORAGE_BACKUP,
-                filename=self._get_backup_filename(),
-                metadata=backup.as_dict(),
-                size=backup.size,
-                base64md5hash=base64md5hash,
-            )
-        except (ClientError, CloudError) as err:
-            raise BackupAgentError("Failed to get upload details") from err
-
-        try:
-            upload_status = await self._cloud.websession.put(
-                details["url"],
-                data=await open_stream(),
-                headers=details["headers"] | {"content-length": str(backup.size)},
-                timeout=ClientTimeout(connect=10.0, total=43200.0),  # 43200s == 12h
-            )
-            _LOGGER.log(
-                logging.DEBUG if upload_status.status < 400 else logging.WARNING,
-                "Backup upload status: %s",
-                upload_status.status,
-            )
-            upload_status.raise_for_status()
-        except (TimeoutError, ClientError) as err:
-            raise BackupAgentError("Failed to upload backup") from err
+        tries = 1
+        while tries <= _RETRY_LIMIT:
+            try:
+                await self._async_do_upload_backup(
+                    open_stream=open_stream,
+                    filename=filename,
+                    base64md5hash=base64md5hash,
+                    metadata=metadata,
+                    size=size,
+                )
+                break
+            except BackupAgentError as err:
+                if tries == _RETRY_LIMIT:
+                    raise
+                tries += 1
+                retry_timer = random.randint(_RETRY_SECONDS_MIN, _RETRY_SECONDS_MAX)
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Failed to upload backup, retrying (%s/%s) in %ss: %s",
+                    tries,
+                    _RETRY_LIMIT,
+                    retry_timer,
+                    err,
+                )
+                await asyncio.sleep(retry_timer)
 
     async def async_delete_backup(
         self,
diff --git a/tests/components/cloud/test_backup.py b/tests/components/cloud/test_backup.py
index 5d9513a1d1b..fc8c7f27e56 100644
--- a/tests/components/cloud/test_backup.py
+++ b/tests/components/cloud/test_backup.py
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@ async def test_agents_upload_fail_put(
     aioclient_mock: AiohttpClientMocker,
     mock_get_upload_details: Mock,
     put_mock_kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
     """Test agent upload backup fails."""
     client = await hass_client()
@@ -417,6 +418,9 @@ async def test_agents_upload_fail_put(
             return_value=test_backup,
         ),
         patch("pathlib.Path.open") as mocked_open,
+        patch("homeassistant.components.cloud.backup.asyncio.sleep"),
+        patch("homeassistant.components.cloud.backup.random.randint", return_value=60),
+        patch("homeassistant.components.cloud.backup._RETRY_LIMIT", 2),
     ):
         mocked_open.return_value.read = Mock(side_effect=[b"test", b""])
         fetch_backup.return_value = test_backup
@@ -426,6 +430,8 @@ async def test_agents_upload_fail_put(
         )
         await hass.async_block_till_done()
 
+    assert len(aioclient_mock.mock_calls) == 2
+    assert "Failed to upload backup, retrying (2/2) in 60s" in caplog.text
     assert resp.status == 201
     store_backups = hass_storage[BACKUP_DOMAIN]["data"]["backups"]
     assert len(store_backups) == 1
@@ -469,6 +475,7 @@ async def test_agents_upload_fail_cloud(
             return_value=test_backup,
         ),
         patch("pathlib.Path.open") as mocked_open,
+        patch("homeassistant.components.cloud.backup.asyncio.sleep"),
     ):
         mocked_open.return_value.read = Mock(side_effect=[b"test", b""])
         fetch_backup.return_value = test_backup