diff --git a/homeassistant/components/onedrive/backup.py b/homeassistant/components/onedrive/backup.py
index a2466384e18..dfb592c8d45 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/onedrive/backup.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/onedrive/backup.py
@@ -174,11 +174,15 @@ class OneDriveBackupAgent(BackupAgent):
         description = dumps(backup.as_dict())
         _LOGGER.debug("Creating metadata: %s", description)
         metadata_filename = filename.rsplit(".", 1)[0] + ".metadata.json"
-        metadata_file = await self._client.upload_file(
-            self._folder_id,
-            metadata_filename,
-            description,
-        )
+        try:
+            metadata_file = await self._client.upload_file(
+                self._folder_id,
+                metadata_filename,
+                description,
+            )
+        except OneDriveException:
+            await self._client.delete_drive_item(backup_file.id)
+            raise
 
         # add metadata to the metadata file
         metadata_description = {
@@ -186,10 +190,15 @@ class OneDriveBackupAgent(BackupAgent):
             "backup_id": backup.backup_id,
             "backup_file_id": backup_file.id,
         }
-        await self._client.update_drive_item(
-            path_or_id=metadata_file.id,
-            data=ItemUpdate(description=dumps(metadata_description)),
-        )
+        try:
+            await self._client.update_drive_item(
+                path_or_id=metadata_file.id,
+                data=ItemUpdate(description=dumps(metadata_description)),
+            )
+        except OneDriveException:
+            await self._client.delete_drive_item(backup_file.id)
+            await self._client.delete_drive_item(metadata_file.id)
+            raise
         self._cache_expiration = time()
 
     @handle_backup_errors
diff --git a/tests/components/onedrive/test_backup.py b/tests/components/onedrive/test_backup.py
index 54ec535a2fb..f3f2fbdad40 100644
--- a/tests/components/onedrive/test_backup.py
+++ b/tests/components/onedrive/test_backup.py
@@ -246,6 +246,78 @@ async def test_agents_upload_corrupt_upload(
     assert "Hash validation failed, backup file might be corrupt" in caplog.text
 
 
+async def test_agents_upload_metadata_upload_failed(
+    hass_client: ClientSessionGenerator,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    mock_onedrive_client: MagicMock,
+    mock_large_file_upload_client: AsyncMock,
+    mock_config_entry: MockConfigEntry,
+) -> None:
+    """Test metadata upload fails."""
+    client = await hass_client()
+    test_backup = AgentBackup.from_dict(BACKUP_METADATA)
+    mock_onedrive_client.upload_file.side_effect = OneDriveException("test")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "homeassistant.components.backup.manager.BackupManager.async_get_backup",
+        ) as fetch_backup,
+        patch(
+            "homeassistant.components.backup.manager.read_backup",
+            return_value=test_backup,
+        ),
+        patch("pathlib.Path.open") as mocked_open,
+    ):
+        mocked_open.return_value.read = Mock(side_effect=[b"test", b""])
+        fetch_backup.return_value = test_backup
+        resp = await client.post(
+            f"/api/backup/upload?agent_id={DOMAIN}.{mock_config_entry.unique_id}",
+            data={"file": StringIO("test")},
+        )
+
+    assert resp.status == 201
+    assert f"Uploading backup {test_backup.backup_id}" in caplog.text
+    mock_large_file_upload_client.assert_called_once()
+    mock_onedrive_client.delete_drive_item.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_onedrive_client.update_drive_item.call_count == 0
+
+
+async def test_agents_upload_metadata_metadata_failed(
+    hass_client: ClientSessionGenerator,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    mock_onedrive_client: MagicMock,
+    mock_large_file_upload_client: AsyncMock,
+    mock_config_entry: MockConfigEntry,
+) -> None:
+    """Test metadata upload on file description update."""
+    client = await hass_client()
+    test_backup = AgentBackup.from_dict(BACKUP_METADATA)
+    mock_onedrive_client.update_drive_item.side_effect = OneDriveException("test")
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "homeassistant.components.backup.manager.BackupManager.async_get_backup",
+        ) as fetch_backup,
+        patch(
+            "homeassistant.components.backup.manager.read_backup",
+            return_value=test_backup,
+        ),
+        patch("pathlib.Path.open") as mocked_open,
+    ):
+        mocked_open.return_value.read = Mock(side_effect=[b"test", b""])
+        fetch_backup.return_value = test_backup
+        resp = await client.post(
+            f"/api/backup/upload?agent_id={DOMAIN}.{mock_config_entry.unique_id}",
+            data={"file": StringIO("test")},
+        )
+
+    assert resp.status == 201
+    assert f"Uploading backup {test_backup.backup_id}" in caplog.text
+    mock_large_file_upload_client.assert_called_once()
+    assert mock_onedrive_client.update_drive_item.call_count == 1
+    assert mock_onedrive_client.delete_drive_item.call_count == 2
+
+
 async def test_agents_download(
     hass_client: ClientSessionGenerator,
     mock_onedrive_client: MagicMock,