diff --git a/homeassistant/util/yaml/loader.py b/homeassistant/util/yaml/loader.py
index 4b7236d7022..a56cf126f79 100644
--- a/homeassistant/util/yaml/loader.py
+++ b/homeassistant/util/yaml/loader.py
@@ -221,13 +221,21 @@ type LoaderType = FastSafeLoader | PythonSafeLoader
 def load_yaml(
     fname: str | os.PathLike[str], secrets: Secrets | None = None
 ) -> JSON_TYPE | None:
-    """Load a YAML file."""
+    """Load a YAML file.
+
+    If opening the file raises an OSError it will be wrapped in a HomeAssistantError,
+    except for FileNotFoundError which will be re-raised.
+    """
     try:
         with open(fname, encoding="utf-8") as conf_file:
             return parse_yaml(conf_file, secrets)
     except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
         _LOGGER.error("Unable to read file %s: %s", fname, exc)
         raise HomeAssistantError(exc) from exc
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise HomeAssistantError(exc) from exc
 
 
 def load_yaml_dict(
diff --git a/tests/util/yaml/test_init.py b/tests/util/yaml/test_init.py
index 793ba3183ad..dbd7f1d2e99 100644
--- a/tests/util/yaml/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/util/yaml/test_init.py
@@ -746,3 +746,24 @@ def test_include_without_parameter(tag: str) -> None:
         pytest.raises(HomeAssistantError, match=f"{tag} needs an argument"),
     ):
         yaml_loader.parse_yaml(file)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("open_exception", "load_yaml_exception"),
+    [
+        (FileNotFoundError, OSError),
+        (NotADirectoryError, HomeAssistantError),
+        (PermissionError, HomeAssistantError),
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("try_both_loaders")
+def test_load_yaml_wrap_oserror(
+    open_exception: Exception,
+    load_yaml_exception: Exception,
+) -> None:
+    """Test load_yaml wraps OSError in HomeAssistantError."""
+    with (
+        patch("homeassistant.util.yaml.loader.open", side_effect=open_exception),
+        pytest.raises(load_yaml_exception),
+    ):
+        yaml_loader.load_yaml("bla")