diff --git a/homeassistant/components/otbr/__init__.py b/homeassistant/components/otbr/__init__.py
index 046643480ca..19eaa55f00e 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/otbr/__init__.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/otbr/__init__.py
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ from typing import Any, Concatenate, ParamSpec, TypeVar
 
 import python_otbr_api
 
+from homeassistant.components.thread import async_add_dataset
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
-from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError
+from homeassistant.exceptions import ConfigEntryNotReady, HomeAssistantError
 from homeassistant.helpers.aiohttp_client import async_get_clientsession
 from homeassistant.helpers.typing import ConfigType
 
@@ -58,7 +59,17 @@ async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
 async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
     """Set up an Open Thread Border Router config entry."""
     api = python_otbr_api.OTBR(entry.data["url"], async_get_clientsession(hass), 10)
-    hass.data[DOMAIN] = OTBRData(entry.data["url"], api)
+
+    otbrdata = OTBRData(entry.data["url"], api)
+    try:
+        dataset = await otbrdata.get_active_dataset_tlvs()
+    except HomeAssistantError as err:
+        raise ConfigEntryNotReady from err
+    if dataset:
+        await async_add_dataset(hass, entry.title, dataset.hex())
+
+    hass.data[DOMAIN] = otbrdata
+
     return True
 
 
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/otbr/manifest.json b/homeassistant/components/otbr/manifest.json
index 796dcd00141..5146f170feb 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/otbr/manifest.json
+++ b/homeassistant/components/otbr/manifest.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   "config_flow": true,
   "dependencies": ["thread"],
   "documentation": "https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/otbr",
-  "requirements": ["python-otbr-api==1.0.2"],
+  "requirements": ["python-otbr-api==1.0.3"],
   "after_dependencies": ["hassio"],
   "codeowners": ["@home-assistant/core"],
   "iot_class": "local_polling",
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/thread/__init__.py b/homeassistant/components/thread/__init__.py
index 4da54e2c88a..a6e5b17d8a8 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/thread/__init__.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/thread/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.helpers.typing import ConfigType
 
 from .const import DOMAIN
+from .dataset_store import DatasetEntry, async_add_dataset
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DOMAIN",
+    "DatasetEntry",
+    "async_add_dataset",
+]
 
 
 async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
@@ -16,6 +23,7 @@ async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
                 DOMAIN, context={"source": SOURCE_IMPORT}
             )
         )
+    hass.data[DOMAIN] = {}
     return True
 
 
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/thread/dataset_store.py b/homeassistant/components/thread/dataset_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8fbd58d0d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/homeassistant/components/thread/dataset_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Persistently store thread datasets."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from datetime import datetime
+from functools import cached_property
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from python_otbr_api import tlv_parser
+
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant, callback
+from homeassistant.helpers.singleton import singleton
+from homeassistant.helpers.storage import Store
+from homeassistant.util import dt as dt_util, ulid as ulid_util
+
+DATA_STORE = "thread.datasets"
+STORAGE_KEY = "thread.datasets"
+STORAGE_VERSION_MAJOR = 1
+STORAGE_VERSION_MINOR = 1
+SAVE_DELAY = 10
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DatasetEntry:
+    """Dataset store entry."""
+
+    preferred: bool
+    source: str
+    tlv: str
+
+    created: datetime = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dt_util.utcnow)
+    id: str = dataclasses.field(default_factory=ulid_util.ulid)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def dataset(self) -> dict[tlv_parser.MeshcopTLVType, str]:
+        """Return the dataset in dict format."""
+        return tlv_parser.parse_tlv(self.tlv)
+
+    def to_json(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return a JSON serializable representation for storage."""
+        return {
+            "created": self.created.isoformat(),
+            "id": self.id,
+            "preferred": self.preferred,
+            "source": self.source,
+            "tlv": self.tlv,
+        }
+
+
+class DatasetStore:
+    """Class to hold a collection of thread datasets."""
+
+    def __init__(self, hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+        """Initialize the dataset store."""
+        self.hass = hass
+        self.datasets: dict[str, DatasetEntry] = {}
+        self._store: Store[dict[str, list[dict[str, Any]]]] = Store(
+            hass,
+            STORAGE_VERSION_MAJOR,
+            STORAGE_KEY,
+            atomic_writes=True,
+            minor_version=STORAGE_VERSION_MINOR,
+        )
+
+    @callback
+    def async_add(self, source: str, tlv: str) -> None:
+        """Add dataset, does nothing if it already exists."""
+        # Make sure the tlv is valid
+        dataset = tlv_parser.parse_tlv(tlv)
+        # Bail out if the dataset already exists
+        if any(entry for entry in self.datasets.values() if entry.dataset == dataset):
+            return
+
+        # Set to preferred if this is the first dataset
+        preferred = not bool(self.datasets)
+        entry = DatasetEntry(preferred=preferred, source=source, tlv=tlv)
+        self.datasets[entry.id] = entry
+        self.async_schedule_save()
+
+    async def async_load(self) -> None:
+        """Load the datasets."""
+        data = await self._store.async_load()
+
+        datasets: dict[str, DatasetEntry] = {}
+
+        if data is not None:
+            for dataset in data["datasets"]:
+                created = cast(datetime, dt_util.parse_datetime(dataset["created"]))
+                datasets[dataset["id"]] = DatasetEntry(
+                    created=created,
+                    id=dataset["id"],
+                    preferred=dataset["preferred"],
+                    source=dataset["source"],
+                    tlv=dataset["tlv"],
+                )
+
+        self.datasets = datasets
+
+    @callback
+    def async_schedule_save(self) -> None:
+        """Schedule saving the dataset store."""
+        self._store.async_delay_save(self._data_to_save, SAVE_DELAY)
+
+    @callback
+    def _data_to_save(self) -> dict[str, list[dict[str, str | None]]]:
+        """Return data of datasets to store in a file."""
+        data = {}
+        data["datasets"] = [dataset.to_json() for dataset in self.datasets.values()]
+        return data
+
+
+@singleton(DATA_STORE)
+async def _async_get_store(hass: HomeAssistant) -> DatasetStore:
+    """Get the dataset store."""
+    store = DatasetStore(hass)
+    await store.async_load()
+    return store
+
+
+async def async_add_dataset(hass: HomeAssistant, source: str, tlv: str) -> None:
+    """Add a dataset."""
+    store = await _async_get_store(hass)
+    store.async_add(source, tlv)
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/thread/manifest.json b/homeassistant/components/thread/manifest.json
index 5eec75e6223..c8bc98834fd 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/thread/manifest.json
+++ b/homeassistant/components/thread/manifest.json
@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@
   "config_flow": true,
   "documentation": "https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/thread",
   "integration_type": "service",
-  "iot_class": "local_polling"
+  "iot_class": "local_polling",
+  "requirements": ["python-otbr-api==1.0.3"]
 }
diff --git a/requirements_all.txt b/requirements_all.txt
index d8a87dda762..8ed9a35a28b 100644
--- a/requirements_all.txt
+++ b/requirements_all.txt
@@ -2087,7 +2087,8 @@ python-mystrom==1.1.2
 python-nest==4.2.0
 
 # homeassistant.components.otbr
-python-otbr-api==1.0.2
+# homeassistant.components.thread
+python-otbr-api==1.0.3
 
 # homeassistant.components.picnic
 python-picnic-api==1.1.0
diff --git a/requirements_test_all.txt b/requirements_test_all.txt
index 472f8bb9aad..5791e34e73c 100644
--- a/requirements_test_all.txt
+++ b/requirements_test_all.txt
@@ -1477,7 +1477,8 @@ python-miio==0.5.12
 python-nest==4.2.0
 
 # homeassistant.components.otbr
-python-otbr-api==1.0.2
+# homeassistant.components.thread
+python-otbr-api==1.0.3
 
 # homeassistant.components.picnic
 python-picnic-api==1.1.0
diff --git a/tests/components/otbr/__init__.py b/tests/components/otbr/__init__.py
index ab62c8c6327..2180a091eb7 100644
--- a/tests/components/otbr/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/components/otbr/__init__.py
@@ -1,2 +1,8 @@
 """Tests for the Open Thread Border Router integration."""
 BASE_URL = "http://core-silabs-multiprotocol:8081"
+CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA = {"url": "http://core-silabs-multiprotocol:8081"}
+DATASET = bytes.fromhex(
+    "0E080000000000010000000300001035060004001FFFE00208F642646DA209B1C00708FDF57B5A"
+    "0FE2AAF60510DE98B5BA1A528FEE049D4B4B01835375030D4F70656E5468726561642048410102"
+    "25A40410F5DD18371BFD29E1A601EF6FFAD94C030C0402A0F7F8"
+)
diff --git a/tests/components/otbr/conftest.py b/tests/components/otbr/conftest.py
index 93421660b1f..ee0e0e47c4d 100644
--- a/tests/components/otbr/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/components/otbr/conftest.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import pytest
 
 from homeassistant.components import otbr
 
-from tests.common import MockConfigEntry
+from . import CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA, DATASET
 
-CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA = {"url": "http://core-silabs-multiprotocol:8081"}
+from tests.common import MockConfigEntry
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(name="otbr_config_entry")
@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ async def otbr_config_entry_fixture(hass):
         title="Open Thread Border Router",
     )
     config_entry.add_to_hass(hass)
-    with patch("python_otbr_api.OTBR.get_active_dataset_tlvs"):
+    with patch("python_otbr_api.OTBR.get_active_dataset_tlvs", return_value=DATASET):
         assert await hass.config_entries.async_setup(config_entry.entry_id)
diff --git a/tests/components/otbr/test_init.py b/tests/components/otbr/test_init.py
index c31ad274b7b..f9ba106be5e 100644
--- a/tests/components/otbr/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/components/otbr/test_init.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Test the Open Thread Border Router integration."""
 
 from http import HTTPStatus
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -8,15 +9,52 @@ from homeassistant.components import otbr
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
 from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError
 
-from . import BASE_URL
+from . import BASE_URL, CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA, DATASET
 
+from tests.common import MockConfigEntry
 from tests.test_util.aiohttp import AiohttpClientMocker
 
 
+async def test_import_dataset(hass: HomeAssistant):
+    """Test the active dataset is imported at setup."""
+
+    config_entry = MockConfigEntry(
+        data=CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA,
+        domain=otbr.DOMAIN,
+        options={},
+        title="My OTBR",
+    )
+    config_entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    with patch(
+        "python_otbr_api.OTBR.get_active_dataset_tlvs", return_value=DATASET
+    ), patch(
+        "homeassistant.components.thread.dataset_store.DatasetStore.async_add"
+    ) as mock_add:
+        assert await hass.config_entries.async_setup(config_entry.entry_id)
+
+    mock_add.assert_called_once_with(config_entry.title, DATASET.hex())
+
+
+async def test_config_entry_not_ready(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, aioclient_mock: AiohttpClientMocker
+):
+    """Test raising ConfigEntryNotReady ."""
+
+    config_entry = MockConfigEntry(
+        data=CONFIG_ENTRY_DATA,
+        domain=otbr.DOMAIN,
+        options={},
+        title="My OTBR",
+    )
+    config_entry.add_to_hass(hass)
+    aioclient_mock.get(f"{BASE_URL}/node/dataset/active", status=HTTPStatus.CREATED)
+    assert not await hass.config_entries.async_setup(config_entry.entry_id)
+
+
 async def test_remove_entry(
     hass: HomeAssistant, aioclient_mock: AiohttpClientMocker, otbr_config_entry
 ):
-    """Test async_get_thread_state."""
+    """Test async_get_active_dataset_tlvs after removing the config entry."""
 
     aioclient_mock.get(f"{BASE_URL}/node/dataset/active", text="0E")
 
@@ -80,7 +118,7 @@ async def test_get_active_dataset_tlvs_201(
 
     aioclient_mock.get(f"{BASE_URL}/node/dataset/active", status=HTTPStatus.CREATED)
     with pytest.raises(HomeAssistantError):
-        assert await otbr.async_get_active_dataset_tlvs(hass) is None
+        assert await otbr.async_get_active_dataset_tlvs(hass)
 
 
 async def test_get_active_dataset_tlvs_invalid(
@@ -90,4 +128,4 @@ async def test_get_active_dataset_tlvs_invalid(
 
     aioclient_mock.get(f"{BASE_URL}/node/dataset/active", text="unexpected")
     with pytest.raises(HomeAssistantError):
-        assert await otbr.async_get_active_dataset_tlvs(hass) is None
+        assert await otbr.async_get_active_dataset_tlvs(hass)
diff --git a/tests/components/thread/test_dataset_store.py b/tests/components/thread/test_dataset_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff1be3e0193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/thread/test_dataset_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""Test the thread dataset store."""
+import pytest
+from python_otbr_api.tlv_parser import TLVError
+
+from homeassistant.components.thread import dataset_store
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+
+from tests.common import flush_store
+
+DATASET_1 = (
+    "0E080000000000010000000300000F35060004001FFFE0020811111111222222220708FDAD70BF"
+    "E5AA15DD051000112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF030E4F70656E54687265616444656D6F01"
+    "0212340410445F2B5CA6F2A93A55CE570A70EFEECB0C0402A0F7F8"
+)
+
+# Same as DATASET_1, but PAN ID moved to the end
+DATASET_1_REORDERED = (
+    "0E080000000000010000000300000F35060004001FFFE0020811111111222222220708FDAD70BF"
+    "E5AA15DD051000112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF030E4F70656E54687265616444656D6F04"
+    "10445F2B5CA6F2A93A55CE570A70EFEECB0C0402A0F7F801021234"
+)
+
+DATASET_2 = (
+    "0E080000000000010000000300000F35060004001FFFE0020811111111222222220708FDAD70BF"
+    "E5AA15DD051000112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF030E486f6d65417373697374616e742101"
+    "0212340410445F2B5CA6F2A93A55CE570A70EFEECB0C0402A0F7F8"
+)
+
+DATASET_3 = (
+    "0E080000000000010000000300000F35060004001FFFE0020811111111222222220708FDAD70BF"
+    "E5AA15DD051000112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF030E7ef09f90a3f09f90a5f09f90a47e01"
+    "0212340410445F2B5CA6F2A93A55CE570A70EFEECB0C0402A0F7F8"
+)
+
+
+async def test_add_invalid_dataset(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+    """Test adding an invalid dataset."""
+    with pytest.raises(TLVError, match="unknown type 222"):
+        await dataset_store.async_add_dataset(hass, "source", "DEADBEEF")
+
+    store = await dataset_store._async_get_store(hass)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 0
+
+
+async def test_add_dataset_twice(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+    """Test adding dataset twice does nothing."""
+    await dataset_store.async_add_dataset(hass, "source", DATASET_1)
+
+    store = await dataset_store._async_get_store(hass)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 1
+    created = list(store.datasets.values())[0].created
+
+    await dataset_store.async_add_dataset(hass, "new_source", DATASET_1)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 1
+    assert list(store.datasets.values())[0].created == created
+
+
+async def test_add_dataset_reordered(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+    """Test adding dataset with keys in a different order does nothing."""
+    await dataset_store.async_add_dataset(hass, "source", DATASET_1)
+
+    store = await dataset_store._async_get_store(hass)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 1
+    created = list(store.datasets.values())[0].created
+
+    await dataset_store.async_add_dataset(hass, "new_source", DATASET_1_REORDERED)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 1
+    assert list(store.datasets.values())[0].created == created
+
+
+async def test_load_datasets(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+    """Make sure that we can load/save data correctly."""
+
+    datasets = [
+        {
+            "source": "Google",
+            "tlv": DATASET_1,
+        },
+        {
+            "source": "Multipan",
+            "tlv": DATASET_2,
+        },
+        {
+            "source": "🎅",
+            "tlv": DATASET_3,
+        },
+    ]
+
+    store1 = await dataset_store._async_get_store(hass)
+    for dataset in datasets:
+        store1.async_add(dataset["source"], dataset["tlv"])
+    assert len(store1.datasets) == 3
+
+    for dataset in store1.datasets.values():
+        if dataset.source == "Google":
+            dataset_1_store_1 = dataset
+        if dataset.source == "Multipan":
+            dataset_2_store_1 = dataset
+        if dataset.source == "🎅":
+            dataset_3_store_1 = dataset
+
+    assert dataset_1_store_1.preferred
+    assert not dataset_2_store_1.preferred
+    assert not dataset_3_store_1.preferred
+
+    store2 = dataset_store.DatasetStore(hass)
+    await flush_store(store1._store)
+    await store2.async_load()
+
+    assert len(store2.datasets) == 3
+
+    for dataset in store2.datasets.values():
+        if dataset.source == "Google":
+            dataset_1_store_2 = dataset
+        if dataset.source == "🎅":
+            dataset_3_store_2 = dataset
+
+    assert list(store1.datasets) == list(store2.datasets)
+
+    assert dataset_1_store_1 == dataset_1_store_2
+    assert dataset_3_store_1 == dataset_3_store_2
+
+
+async def test_loading_datasets_from_storage(hass: HomeAssistant, hass_storage) -> None:
+    """Test loading stored datasets on start."""
+    hass_storage[dataset_store.STORAGE_KEY] = {
+        "version": dataset_store.STORAGE_VERSION_MAJOR,
+        "minor_version": dataset_store.STORAGE_VERSION_MINOR,
+        "data": {
+            "datasets": [
+                {
+                    "created": "2023-02-02T09:41:13.746514+00:00",
+                    "id": "id1",
+                    "preferred": True,
+                    "source": "source_1",
+                    "tlv": "DATASET_1",
+                },
+                {
+                    "created": "2023-02-02T09:41:13.746514+00:00",
+                    "id": "id2",
+                    "preferred": True,
+                    "source": "source_2",
+                    "tlv": "DATASET_2",
+                },
+                {
+                    "created": "2023-02-02T09:41:13.746514+00:00",
+                    "id": "id3",
+                    "preferred": True,
+                    "source": "source_3",
+                    "tlv": "DATASET_3",
+                },
+            ]
+        },
+    }
+
+    store = await dataset_store._async_get_store(hass)
+    assert len(store.datasets) == 3