Fix esphome bleak client seeing disconnects too late (#81932)

* Fix esphome bleak client seeing disconnects too late

Because allbacks are delivered asynchronously its possible
that we find out during the operation before the callback
is delivered telling us about the disconnected.

We now watch for error code -1 which indicates the connection
dropped out from under us

* debug logging

* cleanup comment

* Fix comment grammar

Co-authored-by: Martin Hjelmare <marhje52@gmail.com>

homeassistant/components/esphome/bluetooth/client.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from aioesphomeapi import (
     BLEConnectionError,
 )
 from aioesphomeapi.connection import APIConnectionError, TimeoutAPIError
+from aioesphomeapi.core import BluetoothGATTAPIError
 import async_timeout
 from bleak.backends.characteristic import BleakGATTCharacteristic
 from bleak.backends.client import BaseBleakClient, NotifyCallback
@@ -83,6 +84,24 @@ def api_error_as_bleak_error(func: _WrapFuncType) -> _WrapFuncType:
             return await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
         except TimeoutAPIError as err:
             raise asyncio.TimeoutError(str(err)) from err
+        except BluetoothGATTAPIError as ex:
+            # If the device disconnects in the middle of an operation
+            # be sure to mark it as disconnected so any library using
+            # the proxy knows to reconnect.
+            #
+            # Because callbacks are delivered asynchronously it's possible
+            # that we find out about the disconnection during the operation
+            # before the callback is delivered.
+            if ex.error.error == -1:
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "%s: %s - %s: BLE device disconnected during %s operation",
+                    self._source,  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                    self._ble_device.name,  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                    self._ble_device.address,  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                    func.__name__,
+                )
+                self._async_ble_device_disconnected()  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+            raise BleakError(str(ex)) from ex
         except APIConnectionError as err:
             raise BleakError(str(err)) from err