diff --git a/homeassistant/components/shell_command/__init__.py b/homeassistant/components/shell_command/__init__.py
index 95bbb01bcfb..c2c384e39aa 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/shell_command/__init__.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/shell_command/__init__.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from homeassistant.core import (
     ServiceResponse,
     SupportsResponse,
 )
-from homeassistant.exceptions import TemplateError
+from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError, TemplateError
 from homeassistant.helpers import config_validation as cv, template
 from homeassistant.helpers.typing import ConfigType
 from homeassistant.util.json import JsonObjectType
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
         try:
             async with asyncio.timeout(COMMAND_TIMEOUT):
                 stdout_data, stderr_data = await process.communicate()
-        except TimeoutError:
+        except TimeoutError as err:
             _LOGGER.error(
                 "Timed out running command: `%s`, after: %ss", cmd, COMMAND_TIMEOUT
             )
@@ -103,7 +103,14 @@ async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
                     process._transport.close()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 del process
 
-            raise
+            raise HomeAssistantError(
+                translation_domain=DOMAIN,
+                translation_key="timeout",
+                translation_placeholders={
+                    "command": cmd,
+                    "timeout": str(COMMAND_TIMEOUT),
+                },
+            ) from err
 
         if stdout_data:
             _LOGGER.debug(
@@ -135,11 +142,15 @@ async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
                     service_response["stdout"] = stdout_data.decode("utf-8").strip()
                 if stderr_data:
                     service_response["stderr"] = stderr_data.decode("utf-8").strip()
-            except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            except UnicodeDecodeError as err:
                 _LOGGER.exception(
                     "Unable to handle non-utf8 output of command: `%s`", cmd
                 )
-                raise
+                raise HomeAssistantError(
+                    translation_domain=DOMAIN,
+                    translation_key="non_utf8_output",
+                    translation_placeholders={"command": cmd},
+                ) from err
             return service_response
         return None
 
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/shell_command/strings.json b/homeassistant/components/shell_command/strings.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c87dac15b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/homeassistant/components/shell_command/strings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "exceptions": {
+    "timeout": {
+      "message": "Timed out running command: `{command}`, after: {timeout} seconds"
+    },
+    "non_utf8_output": {
+      "message": "Unable to handle non-utf8 output of command: `{command}`"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/components/shell_command/test_init.py b/tests/components/shell_command/test_init.py
index 93b06ddf9d8..526ac1643ec 100644
--- a/tests/components/shell_command/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/components/shell_command/test_init.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from homeassistant.components import shell_command
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
-from homeassistant.exceptions import TemplateError
+from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError, TemplateError
 from homeassistant.setup import async_setup_component
 
 
@@ -199,7 +199,10 @@ async def test_non_text_stdout_capture(
     assert not response
 
     # Non-text output throws with 'return_response'
-    with pytest.raises(UnicodeDecodeError):
+    with pytest.raises(
+        HomeAssistantError,
+        match="Unable to handle non-utf8 output of command: `curl -o - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/home-assistant/assets/master/misc/loading-screen.gif`",
+    ):
         response = await hass.services.async_call(
             "shell_command", "output_image", blocking=True, return_response=True
         )
@@ -258,7 +261,10 @@ async def test_do_not_run_forever(
             side_effect=mock_create_subprocess_shell,
         ),
     ):
-        with pytest.raises(TimeoutError):
+        with pytest.raises(
+            HomeAssistantError,
+            match="Timed out running command: `mock_sleep 10000`, after: 0.001 seconds",
+        ):
             await hass.services.async_call(
                 shell_command.DOMAIN,
                 "test_service",