diff --git a/homeassistant/components/schedule/__init__.py b/homeassistant/components/schedule/__init__.py
index 08d0b083f7c..24ce4f3b3fa 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/schedule/__init__.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/schedule/__init__.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from homeassistant.util import dt as dt_util
 from .const import (
     ATTR_NEXT_EVENT,
     CONF_ALL_DAYS,
+    CONF_DATA,
     CONF_FROM,
     CONF_TO,
     DOMAIN,
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def valid_schedule(schedule: list[dict[str, str]]) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
 
     Ensure they have no overlap and the end time is greater than the start time.
     """
-    # Emtpty schedule is valid
+    # Empty schedule is valid
     if not schedule:
         return schedule
 
@@ -109,9 +110,13 @@ BASE_SCHEMA: VolDictType = {
     vol.Optional(CONF_ICON): cv.icon,
 }
 
+# Extra data that the user can set on each time range
+CUSTOM_DATA_SCHEMA = vol.Schema({str: vol.Any(bool, str, int, float)})
+
 TIME_RANGE_SCHEMA: VolDictType = {
     vol.Required(CONF_FROM): cv.time,
     vol.Required(CONF_TO): deserialize_to_time,
+    vol.Optional(CONF_DATA): CUSTOM_DATA_SCHEMA,
 }
 
 # Serialize time in validated config
@@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ STORAGE_TIME_RANGE_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
     {
         vol.Required(CONF_FROM): vol.Coerce(str),
         vol.Required(CONF_TO): serialize_to_time,
+        vol.Optional(CONF_DATA): CUSTOM_DATA_SCHEMA,
     }
 )
 
@@ -135,7 +141,6 @@ STORAGE_SCHEDULE_SCHEMA: VolDictType = {
     for day in CONF_ALL_DAYS
 }
 
-
 # Validate YAML config
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
     {DOMAIN: cv.schema_with_slug_keys(vol.All(BASE_SCHEMA | SCHEDULE_SCHEMA))},
@@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ ENTITY_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
 
 
 async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
-    """Set up an input select."""
+    """Set up a schedule."""
     component = EntityComponent[Schedule](LOGGER, DOMAIN, hass)
 
     id_manager = IDManager()
@@ -253,6 +258,12 @@ class Schedule(CollectionEntity):
         self._attr_name = self._config[CONF_NAME]
         self._attr_unique_id = self._config[CONF_ID]
 
+        # Exclude any custom attributes that may be present on time ranges from recording.
+        self._unrecorded_attributes = self.all_custom_data_keys()
+        self._Entity__combined_unrecorded_attributes = (
+            self._entity_component_unrecorded_attributes | self._unrecorded_attributes
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     def from_storage(cls, config: ConfigType) -> Schedule:
         """Return entity instance initialized from storage."""
@@ -300,9 +311,11 @@ class Schedule(CollectionEntity):
             # Note that any time in the day is treated as smaller than time.max.
             if now.time() < time_range[CONF_TO] or time_range[CONF_TO] == time.max:
                 self._attr_state = STATE_ON
+                current_data = time_range.get(CONF_DATA)
                 break
         else:
             self._attr_state = STATE_OFF
+            current_data = None
 
         # Find next event in the schedule, loop over each day (starting with
         # the current day) until the next event has been found.
@@ -344,6 +357,11 @@ class Schedule(CollectionEntity):
         self._attr_extra_state_attributes = {
             ATTR_NEXT_EVENT: next_event,
         }
+
+        if current_data:
+            # Add each key/value pair in the data to the entity's state attributes
+            self._attr_extra_state_attributes.update(current_data)
+
         self.async_write_ha_state()
 
         if next_event:
@@ -352,3 +370,23 @@ class Schedule(CollectionEntity):
                 self._update,
                 next_event,
             )
+
+    def all_custom_data_keys(self) -> frozenset[str]:
+        """Return the set of all currently used custom data attribute keys."""
+        data_keys = set()
+
+        for weekday in WEEKDAY_TO_CONF.values():
+            if not (weekday_config := self._config.get(weekday)):
+                continue  # this weekday is not configured
+
+            for time_range in weekday_config:
+                time_range_custom_data = time_range.get(CONF_DATA)
+
+                if not time_range_custom_data or not isinstance(
+                    time_range_custom_data, dict
+                ):
+                    continue  # this time range has no custom data, or it is not a dict
+
+                data_keys.update(time_range_custom_data.keys())
+
+        return frozenset(data_keys)
diff --git a/homeassistant/components/schedule/const.py b/homeassistant/components/schedule/const.py
index 5ec57aae78d..6687dafefdb 100644
--- a/homeassistant/components/schedule/const.py
+++ b/homeassistant/components/schedule/const.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from typing import Final
 DOMAIN: Final = "schedule"
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__package__)
 
+CONF_DATA: Final = "data"
 CONF_FRIDAY: Final = "friday"
 CONF_FROM: Final = "from"
 CONF_MONDAY: Final = "monday"
diff --git a/tests/components/schedule/test_init.py b/tests/components/schedule/test_init.py
index 7cd59f19033..18346122bfd 100644
--- a/tests/components/schedule/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/components/schedule/test_init.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import pytest
 from homeassistant.components.schedule import STORAGE_VERSION, STORAGE_VERSION_MINOR
 from homeassistant.components.schedule.const import (
     ATTR_NEXT_EVENT,
+    CONF_DATA,
     CONF_FRIDAY,
     CONF_FROM,
     CONF_MONDAY,
@@ -66,13 +67,21 @@ def schedule_setup(
                             CONF_NAME: "from storage",
                             CONF_ICON: "mdi:party-popper",
                             CONF_FRIDAY: [
-                                {CONF_FROM: "17:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"},
+                                {
+                                    CONF_FROM: "17:00:00",
+                                    CONF_TO: "23:59:59",
+                                    CONF_DATA: {"party_level": "epic"},
+                                },
                             ],
                             CONF_SATURDAY: [
                                 {CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"},
                             ],
                             CONF_SUNDAY: [
-                                {CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "24:00:00"},
+                                {
+                                    CONF_FROM: "00:00:00",
+                                    CONF_TO: "24:00:00",
+                                    CONF_DATA: {"entry": "VIPs only"},
+                                },
                             ],
                         }
                     ]
@@ -95,9 +104,21 @@ def schedule_setup(
                         CONF_TUESDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
                         CONF_WEDNESDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
                         CONF_THURSDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
-                        CONF_FRIDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
+                        CONF_FRIDAY: [
+                            {
+                                CONF_FROM: "00:00:00",
+                                CONF_TO: "23:59:59",
+                                CONF_DATA: {"party_level": "epic"},
+                            }
+                        ],
                         CONF_SATURDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
-                        CONF_SUNDAY: [{CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}],
+                        CONF_SUNDAY: [
+                            {
+                                CONF_FROM: "00:00:00",
+                                CONF_TO: "23:59:59",
+                                CONF_DATA: {"entry": "VIPs only"},
+                            }
+                        ],
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -557,13 +578,13 @@ async def test_ws_list(
     assert len(result) == 1
     assert result["from_storage"][ATTR_NAME] == "from storage"
     assert result["from_storage"][CONF_FRIDAY] == [
-        {CONF_FROM: "17:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}
+        {CONF_FROM: "17:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59", CONF_DATA: {"party_level": "epic"}}
     ]
     assert result["from_storage"][CONF_SATURDAY] == [
         {CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "23:59:59"}
     ]
     assert result["from_storage"][CONF_SUNDAY] == [
-        {CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "24:00:00"}
+        {CONF_FROM: "00:00:00", CONF_TO: "24:00:00", CONF_DATA: {"entry": "VIPs only"}}
     ]
     assert "from_yaml" not in result
 
diff --git a/tests/components/schedule/test_recorder.py b/tests/components/schedule/test_recorder.py
index a7410472a44..85aef3e1990 100644
--- a/tests/components/schedule/test_recorder.py
+++ b/tests/components/schedule/test_recorder.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from datetime import timedelta
 
+from freezegun.api import FrozenDateTimeFactory
 import pytest
 
 from homeassistant.components.recorder.history import get_significant_states
@@ -18,8 +19,11 @@ from tests.components.recorder.common import async_wait_recording_done
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("recorder_mock", "enable_custom_integrations")
-async def test_exclude_attributes(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
+async def test_exclude_attributes(
+    hass: HomeAssistant, freezer: FrozenDateTimeFactory
+) -> None:
     """Test attributes to be excluded."""
+    freezer.move_to("2024-08-02 06:30:00-07:00")  # Before Friday event
     now = dt_util.utcnow()
     assert await async_setup_component(
         hass,
@@ -33,9 +37,13 @@ async def test_exclude_attributes(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
                     "tuesday": [{"from": "2:00", "to": "3:00"}],
                     "wednesday": [{"from": "3:00", "to": "4:00"}],
                     "thursday": [{"from": "5:00", "to": "6:00"}],
-                    "friday": [{"from": "7:00", "to": "8:00"}],
+                    "friday": [
+                        {"from": "7:00", "to": "8:00", "data": {"party_level": "epic"}}
+                    ],
                     "saturday": [{"from": "9:00", "to": "10:00"}],
-                    "sunday": [{"from": "11:00", "to": "12:00"}],
+                    "sunday": [
+                        {"from": "11:00", "to": "12:00", "data": {"entry": "VIPs only"}}
+                    ],
                 }
             }
         },
@@ -48,8 +56,25 @@ async def test_exclude_attributes(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
     assert state.attributes[ATTR_ICON]
     assert state.attributes[ATTR_NEXT_EVENT]
 
+    # Move to during Friday event
+    freezer.move_to("2024-08-02 07:30:00-07:00")
+    async_fire_time_changed(hass, fire_all=True)
     await hass.async_block_till_done()
-    async_fire_time_changed(hass, dt_util.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=5))
+    state = hass.states.get("schedule.test")
+    assert "entry" not in state.attributes
+    assert state.attributes["party_level"] == "epic"
+
+    # Move to during Sunday event
+    freezer.move_to("2024-08-04 11:30:00-07:00")
+    async_fire_time_changed(hass, fire_all=True)
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+    state = hass.states.get("schedule.test")
+    assert "party_level" not in state.attributes
+    assert state.attributes["entry"] == "VIPs only"
+
+    await hass.async_block_till_done()
+    freezer.tick(timedelta(minutes=5))
+    async_fire_time_changed(hass)
     await hass.async_block_till_done()
     await async_wait_recording_done(hass)
 
@@ -63,3 +88,5 @@ async def test_exclude_attributes(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
             assert ATTR_FRIENDLY_NAME in state.attributes
             assert ATTR_ICON in state.attributes
             assert ATTR_NEXT_EVENT not in state.attributes
+            assert "entry" not in state.attributes
+            assert "party_level" not in state.attributes