core/homeassistant/helpers/trigger.py

"""Triggers."""

from __future__ import annotations

import abc
import asyncio
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine, Iterable
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
import functools
import inspect
import logging
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Protocol, TypedDict, cast

import voluptuous as vol

from homeassistant.const import (
    CONF_ALIAS,
    CONF_ENABLED,
    CONF_ID,
    CONF_OPTIONS,
    CONF_PLATFORM,
    CONF_SELECTOR,
    CONF_TARGET,
    CONF_VARIABLES,
)
from homeassistant.core import (
    CALLBACK_TYPE,
    Context,
    HassJob,
    HassJobType,
    HomeAssistant,
    callback,
    get_hassjob_callable_job_type,
    is_callback,
)
from homeassistant.exceptions import HomeAssistantError, TemplateError
from homeassistant.loader import (
    Integration,
    IntegrationNotFound,
    async_get_integration,
    async_get_integrations,
)
from homeassistant.util.async_ import create_eager_task
from homeassistant.util.hass_dict import HassKey
from homeassistant.util.yaml import load_yaml_dict

from . import config_validation as cv, selector
from .automation import get_absolute_description_key, get_relative_description_key
from .integration_platform import async_process_integration_platforms
from .selector import TargetSelector
from .template import Template
from .typing import ConfigType, TemplateVarsType

_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_PLATFORM_ALIASES = {
    "device": "device_automation",
    "event": "homeassistant",
    "numeric_state": "homeassistant",
    "state": "homeassistant",
    "time_pattern": "homeassistant",
    "time": "homeassistant",
}

DATA_PLUGGABLE_ACTIONS: HassKey[defaultdict[tuple, PluggableActionsEntry]] = HassKey(
    "pluggable_actions"
)

TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_CACHE: HassKey[dict[str, dict[str, Any] | None]] = HassKey(
    "trigger_description_cache"
)
TRIGGER_PLATFORM_SUBSCRIPTIONS: HassKey[
    list[Callable[[set[str]], Coroutine[Any, Any, None]]]
] = HassKey("trigger_platform_subscriptions")
TRIGGERS: HassKey[dict[str, str]] = HassKey("triggers")


# Basic schemas to sanity check the trigger descriptions,
# full validation is done by hassfest.triggers
_FIELD_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional(CONF_SELECTOR): selector.validate_selector,
    },
    extra=vol.ALLOW_EXTRA,
)

_TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Optional("target"): TargetSelector.CONFIG_SCHEMA,
        vol.Optional("fields"): vol.Schema({str: _FIELD_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA}),
    },
    extra=vol.ALLOW_EXTRA,
)


def starts_with_dot(key: str) -> str:
    """Check if key starts with dot."""
    if not key.startswith("."):
        raise vol.Invalid("Key does not start with .")
    return key


_TRIGGERS_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Remove(vol.All(str, starts_with_dot)): object,
        cv.underscore_slug: vol.Any(None, _TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA),
    }
)


async def async_setup(hass: HomeAssistant) -> None:
    """Set up the trigger helper."""
    hass.data[TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_CACHE] = {}
    hass.data[TRIGGER_PLATFORM_SUBSCRIPTIONS] = []
    hass.data[TRIGGERS] = {}
    await async_process_integration_platforms(
        hass, "trigger", _register_trigger_platform, wait_for_platforms=True
    )


@callback
def async_subscribe_platform_events(
    hass: HomeAssistant,
    on_event: Callable[[set[str]], Coroutine[Any, Any, None]],
) -> Callable[[], None]:
    """Subscribe to trigger platform events."""
    trigger_platform_event_subscriptions = hass.data[TRIGGER_PLATFORM_SUBSCRIPTIONS]

    def remove_subscription() -> None:
        trigger_platform_event_subscriptions.remove(on_event)

    trigger_platform_event_subscriptions.append(on_event)
    return remove_subscription


async def _register_trigger_platform(
    hass: HomeAssistant, integration_domain: str, platform: TriggerProtocol
) -> None:
    """Register a trigger platform."""

    new_triggers: set[str] = set()

    if hasattr(platform, "async_get_triggers"):
        for trigger_key in await platform.async_get_triggers(hass):
            trigger_key = get_absolute_description_key(integration_domain, trigger_key)
            hass.data[TRIGGERS][trigger_key] = integration_domain
            new_triggers.add(trigger_key)
    elif hasattr(platform, "async_validate_trigger_config") or hasattr(
        platform, "TRIGGER_SCHEMA"
    ):
        hass.data[TRIGGERS][integration_domain] = integration_domain
        new_triggers.add(integration_domain)
    else:
        _LOGGER.debug(
            "Integration %s does not provide trigger support, skipping",
            integration_domain,
        )
        return

    # We don't use gather here because gather adds additional overhead
    # when wrapping each coroutine in a task, and we expect our listeners
    # to call trigger.async_get_all_descriptions which will only yield
    # the first time it's called, after that it returns cached data.
    for listener in hass.data[TRIGGER_PLATFORM_SUBSCRIPTIONS]:
        try:
            await listener(new_triggers)
        except Exception:
            _LOGGER.exception("Error while notifying trigger platform listener")


_TRIGGER_SCHEMA = cv.TRIGGER_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
    {
        vol.Optional(CONF_OPTIONS): object,
        vol.Optional(CONF_TARGET): cv.TARGET_FIELDS,
    }
)


class Trigger(abc.ABC):
    """Trigger class."""

    _hass: HomeAssistant

    @classmethod
    async def async_validate_complete_config(
        cls, hass: HomeAssistant, complete_config: ConfigType
    ) -> ConfigType:
        """Validate complete config.

        The complete config includes fields that are generic to all triggers,
        such as the alias or the ID.
        This method should be overridden by triggers that need to migrate
        from the old-style config.
        """
        complete_config = _TRIGGER_SCHEMA(complete_config)

        specific_config: ConfigType = {}
        for key in (CONF_OPTIONS, CONF_TARGET):
            if key in complete_config:
                specific_config[key] = complete_config.pop(key)
        specific_config = await cls.async_validate_config(hass, specific_config)

        for key in (CONF_OPTIONS, CONF_TARGET):
            if key in specific_config:
                complete_config[key] = specific_config[key]

        return complete_config

    @classmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def async_validate_config(
        cls, hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType
    ) -> ConfigType:
        """Validate config."""

    def __init__(self, hass: HomeAssistant, config: TriggerConfig) -> None:
        """Initialize trigger."""
        self._hass = hass

    async def async_attach_action(
        self,
        action: TriggerAction,
        action_payload_builder: TriggerActionPayloadBuilder,
    ) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
        """Attach the trigger to an action."""

        @callback
        def run_action(
            extra_trigger_payload: dict[str, Any],
            description: str,
            context: Context | None = None,
        ) -> asyncio.Task[Any]:
            """Run action with trigger variables."""

            payload = action_payload_builder(extra_trigger_payload, description)
            return self._hass.async_create_task(action(payload, context))

        return await self.async_attach_runner(run_action)

    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def async_attach_runner(
        self, run_action: TriggerActionRunner
    ) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
        """Attach the trigger to an action runner."""


class TriggerProtocol(Protocol):
    """Define the format of trigger modules.

    New implementations should only implement async_get_triggers.
    """

    async def async_get_triggers(self, hass: HomeAssistant) -> dict[str, type[Trigger]]:
        """Return the triggers provided by this integration."""

    TRIGGER_SCHEMA: vol.Schema

    async def async_validate_trigger_config(
        self, hass: HomeAssistant, config: ConfigType
    ) -> ConfigType:
        """Validate config."""

    async def async_attach_trigger(
        self,
        hass: HomeAssistant,
        config: ConfigType,
        action: TriggerActionType,
        trigger_info: TriggerInfo,
    ) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
        """Attach a trigger."""


@dataclass(slots=True, frozen=True)
class TriggerConfig:
    """Trigger config."""

    key: str  # The key used to identify the trigger, e.g. "zwave.event"
    target: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    options: dict[str, Any] | None = None


class TriggerActionRunner(Protocol):
    """Protocol type for the trigger action runner helper callback."""

    @callback
    def __call__(
        self,
        extra_trigger_payload: dict[str, Any],
        description: str,
        context: Context | None = None,
    ) -> asyncio.Task[Any]:
        """Define trigger action runner type.

        Returns:
            A Task that allows awaiting for the action to finish.
        """


class TriggerActionPayloadBuilder(Protocol):
    """Protocol type for the trigger action payload builder."""

    def __call__(
        self, extra_trigger_payload: dict[str, Any], description: str
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Define trigger action payload builder type."""


class TriggerAction(Protocol):
    """Protocol type for trigger action callback."""

    async def __call__(
        self,
        run_variables: dict[str, Any],
        context: Context | None = None,
    ) -> Any:
        """Define action callback type."""


class TriggerActionType(Protocol):
    """Protocol type for trigger action callback.

    Contrary to TriggerAction, this type supports both sync and async callables.
    """

    def __call__(
        self,
        run_variables: dict[str, Any],
        context: Context | None = None,
    ) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Any] | Any:
        """Define action callback type."""


class TriggerData(TypedDict):
    """Trigger data."""

    id: str
    idx: str
    alias: str | None


class TriggerInfo(TypedDict):
    """Information about trigger."""

    domain: str
    name: str
    home_assistant_start: bool
    variables: TemplateVarsType
    trigger_data: TriggerData


@dataclass(slots=True)
class PluggableActionsEntry:
    """Holder to keep track of all plugs and actions for a given trigger."""

    plugs: set[PluggableAction] = field(default_factory=set)
    actions: dict[
        object,
        tuple[
            HassJob[[dict[str, Any], Context | None], Coroutine[Any, Any, None]],
            dict[str, Any],
        ],
    ] = field(default_factory=dict)


class PluggableAction:
    """A pluggable action handler."""

    _entry: PluggableActionsEntry | None = None

    def __init__(self, update: CALLBACK_TYPE | None = None) -> None:
        """Initialize a pluggable action.

        :param update: callback triggered whenever triggers are attached or removed.
        """
        self._update = update

    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
        """Return if we have something attached."""
        return bool(self._entry and self._entry.actions)

    @callback
    def async_run_update(self) -> None:
        """Run update function if one exists."""
        if self._update:
            self._update()

    @staticmethod
    @callback
    def async_get_registry(hass: HomeAssistant) -> dict[tuple, PluggableActionsEntry]:
        """Return the pluggable actions registry."""
        if data := hass.data.get(DATA_PLUGGABLE_ACTIONS):
            return data
        data = hass.data[DATA_PLUGGABLE_ACTIONS] = defaultdict(PluggableActionsEntry)
        return data

    @staticmethod
    @callback
    def async_attach_trigger(
        hass: HomeAssistant,
        trigger: dict[str, str],
        action: TriggerActionType,
        variables: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
        """Attach an action to a trigger entry.

        Existing or future plugs registered will be attached.
        """
        reg = PluggableAction.async_get_registry(hass)
        key = tuple(sorted(trigger.items()))
        entry = reg[key]

        def _update() -> None:
            for plug in entry.plugs:
                plug.async_run_update()

        @callback
        def _remove() -> None:
            """Remove this action attachment, and disconnect all plugs."""
            del entry.actions[_remove]
            _update()
            if not entry.actions and not entry.plugs:
                del reg[key]

        job = HassJob(action, f"trigger {trigger} {variables}")
        entry.actions[_remove] = (job, variables)
        _update()

        return _remove

    @callback
    def async_register(
        self, hass: HomeAssistant, trigger: dict[str, str]
    ) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
        """Register plug in the global plugs dictionary."""

        reg = PluggableAction.async_get_registry(hass)
        key = tuple(sorted(trigger.items()))
        self._entry = reg[key]
        self._entry.plugs.add(self)

        @callback
        def _remove() -> None:
            """Remove plug from registration.

            Clean up entry if there are no actions or plugs registered.
            """
            assert self._entry
            self._entry.plugs.remove(self)
            if not self._entry.actions and not self._entry.plugs:
                del reg[key]
            self._entry = None

        return _remove

    async def async_run(
        self, hass: HomeAssistant, context: Context | None = None
    ) -> None:
        """Run all actions."""
        assert self._entry
        for job, variables in self._entry.actions.values():
            task = hass.async_run_hass_job(job, variables, context)
            if task:
                await task


async def _async_get_trigger_platform(
    hass: HomeAssistant, trigger_key: str
) -> tuple[str, TriggerProtocol]:
    platform_and_sub_type = trigger_key.split(".")
    platform = platform_and_sub_type[0]
    platform = _PLATFORM_ALIASES.get(platform, platform)
    try:
        integration = await async_get_integration(hass, platform)
    except IntegrationNotFound:
        raise vol.Invalid(f"Invalid trigger '{trigger_key}' specified") from None
    try:
        return platform, await integration.async_get_platform("trigger")
    except ImportError:
        raise vol.Invalid(
            f"Integration '{platform}' does not provide trigger support"
        ) from None


async def async_validate_trigger_config(
    hass: HomeAssistant, trigger_config: list[ConfigType]
) -> list[ConfigType]:
    """Validate triggers."""
    config = []
    for conf in trigger_config:
        trigger_key: str = conf[CONF_PLATFORM]
        platform_domain, platform = await _async_get_trigger_platform(hass, trigger_key)
        if hasattr(platform, "async_get_triggers"):
            trigger_descriptors = await platform.async_get_triggers(hass)
            relative_trigger_key = get_relative_description_key(
                platform_domain, trigger_key
            )
            if not (trigger := trigger_descriptors.get(relative_trigger_key)):
                raise vol.Invalid(f"Invalid trigger '{trigger_key}' specified")
            conf = await trigger.async_validate_complete_config(hass, conf)
        elif hasattr(platform, "async_validate_trigger_config"):
            conf = await platform.async_validate_trigger_config(hass, conf)
        else:
            conf = platform.TRIGGER_SCHEMA(conf)
        config.append(conf)
    return config


def _trigger_action_wrapper(
    hass: HomeAssistant, action: Callable, conf: ConfigType
) -> Callable:
    """Wrap trigger action with extra vars if configured.

    If action is a coroutine function, a coroutine function will be returned.
    If action is a callback, a callback will be returned.
    """
    if CONF_VARIABLES not in conf:
        return action

    # Check for partials to properly determine if coroutine function
    check_func = action
    while isinstance(check_func, functools.partial):
        check_func = check_func.func

    wrapper_func: Callable[..., Any] | Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]
    if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(check_func):
        async_action = cast(Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], action)

        @functools.wraps(async_action)
        async def async_with_vars(
            run_variables: dict[str, Any], context: Context | None = None
        ) -> Any:
            """Wrap action with extra vars."""
            trigger_variables = conf[CONF_VARIABLES]
            run_variables.update(trigger_variables.async_render(hass, run_variables))
            return await action(run_variables, context)

        wrapper_func = async_with_vars

    else:

        @functools.wraps(action)
        async def with_vars(
            run_variables: dict[str, Any], context: Context | None = None
        ) -> Any:
            """Wrap action with extra vars."""
            trigger_variables = conf[CONF_VARIABLES]
            run_variables.update(trigger_variables.async_render(hass, run_variables))
            return action(run_variables, context)

        if is_callback(check_func):
            with_vars = callback(with_vars)

        wrapper_func = with_vars

    return wrapper_func


async def _async_attach_trigger_cls(
    hass: HomeAssistant,
    trigger_cls: type[Trigger],
    trigger_key: str,
    conf: ConfigType,
    action: Callable,
    trigger_info: TriggerInfo,
) -> CALLBACK_TYPE:
    """Initialize a new Trigger class and attach it."""

    def action_payload_builder(
        extra_trigger_payload: dict[str, Any], description: str
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """Build action variables."""
        payload = {
            "trigger": {
                **trigger_info["trigger_data"],
                CONF_PLATFORM: trigger_key,
                "description": description,
                **extra_trigger_payload,
            }
        }
        if CONF_VARIABLES in conf:
            trigger_variables = conf[CONF_VARIABLES]
            payload.update(trigger_variables.async_render(hass, payload))
        return payload

    # Wrap sync action so that it is always async.
    # This simplifies the Trigger action runner interface by always returning a coroutine,
    # removing the need for integrations to check for the return type when awaiting the action.
    # This can be removed when sync actions are no longer supported.
    match get_hassjob_callable_job_type(action):
        case HassJobType.Executor:
            original_action = action

            async def wrapped_executor_action(
                run_variables: dict[str, Any], context: Context | None = None
            ) -> Any:
                """Wrap sync action to be called in executor."""
                return await hass.async_add_executor_job(
                    original_action, run_variables, context
                )

            action = wrapped_executor_action

        case HassJobType.Callback:
            original_action = action

            async def wrapped_callback_action(
                run_variables: dict[str, Any], context: Context | None = None
            ) -> Any:
                """Wrap callback action to be awaitable."""
                return original_action(run_variables, context)

            action = wrapped_callback_action

    trigger = trigger_cls(
        hass,
        TriggerConfig(
            key=trigger_key,
            target=conf.get(CONF_TARGET),
            options=conf.get(CONF_OPTIONS),
        ),
    )
    return await trigger.async_attach_action(action, action_payload_builder)


async def async_initialize_triggers(
    hass: HomeAssistant,
    trigger_config: list[ConfigType],
    action: Callable,
    domain: str,
    name: str,
    log_cb: Callable,
    home_assistant_start: bool = False,
    variables: TemplateVarsType = None,
) -> CALLBACK_TYPE | None:
    """Initialize triggers."""
    triggers: list[asyncio.Task[CALLBACK_TYPE]] = []
    for idx, conf in enumerate(trigger_config):
        # Skip triggers that are not enabled
        if CONF_ENABLED in conf:
            enabled = conf[CONF_ENABLED]
            if isinstance(enabled, Template):
                try:
                    enabled = enabled.async_render(variables, limited=True)
                except TemplateError as err:
                    log_cb(logging.ERROR, f"Error rendering enabled template: {err}")
                    continue
            if not enabled:
                continue

        trigger_key: str = conf[CONF_PLATFORM]
        platform_domain, platform = await _async_get_trigger_platform(hass, trigger_key)
        trigger_id = conf.get(CONF_ID, f"{idx}")
        trigger_idx = f"{idx}"
        trigger_alias = conf.get(CONF_ALIAS)
        trigger_data = TriggerData(id=trigger_id, idx=trigger_idx, alias=trigger_alias)
        info = TriggerInfo(
            domain=domain,
            name=name,
            home_assistant_start=home_assistant_start,
            variables=variables,
            trigger_data=trigger_data,
        )

        if hasattr(platform, "async_get_triggers"):
            trigger_descriptors = await platform.async_get_triggers(hass)
            relative_trigger_key = get_relative_description_key(
                platform_domain, trigger_key
            )
            trigger_cls = trigger_descriptors[relative_trigger_key]
            coro = _async_attach_trigger_cls(
                hass, trigger_cls, trigger_key, conf, action, info
            )
        else:
            action_wrapper = _trigger_action_wrapper(hass, action, conf)
            coro = platform.async_attach_trigger(hass, conf, action_wrapper, info)

        triggers.append(create_eager_task(coro))

    attach_results = await asyncio.gather(*triggers, return_exceptions=True)
    removes: list[Callable[[], None]] = []

    for result in attach_results:
        if isinstance(result, HomeAssistantError):
            log_cb(logging.ERROR, f"Got error '{result}' when setting up triggers for")
        elif isinstance(result, Exception):
            log_cb(logging.ERROR, "Error setting up trigger", exc_info=result)
        elif isinstance(result, BaseException):
            raise result from None
        elif result is None:
            log_cb(  # type: ignore[unreachable]
                logging.ERROR, "Unknown error while setting up trigger (empty result)"
            )
        else:
            removes.append(result)

    if not removes:
        return None

    log_cb(logging.INFO, "Initialized trigger")

    @callback
    def remove_triggers() -> None:
        """Remove triggers."""
        for remove in removes:
            remove()

    return remove_triggers


def _load_triggers_file(integration: Integration) -> dict[str, Any]:
    """Load triggers file for an integration."""
    try:
        return cast(
            dict[str, Any],
            _TRIGGERS_DESCRIPTION_SCHEMA(
                load_yaml_dict(str(integration.file_path / "triggers.yaml"))
            ),
        )
    except FileNotFoundError:
        _LOGGER.warning(
            "Unable to find triggers.yaml for the %s integration", integration.domain
        )
        return {}
    except (HomeAssistantError, vol.Invalid) as ex:
        _LOGGER.warning(
            "Unable to parse triggers.yaml for the %s integration: %s",
            integration.domain,
            ex,
        )
        return {}


def _load_triggers_files(
    integrations: Iterable[Integration],
) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
    """Load trigger files for multiple integrations."""
    return {
        integration.domain: {
            get_absolute_description_key(integration.domain, key): value
            for key, value in _load_triggers_file(integration).items()
        }
        for integration in integrations
    }


async def async_get_all_descriptions(
    hass: HomeAssistant,
) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any] | None]:
    """Return descriptions (i.e. user documentation) for all triggers."""
    descriptions_cache = hass.data[TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_CACHE]

    triggers = hass.data[TRIGGERS]
    # See if there are new triggers not seen before.
    # Any trigger that we saw before already has an entry in description_cache.
    all_triggers = set(triggers)
    previous_all_triggers = set(descriptions_cache)
    # If the triggers are the same, we can return the cache
    if previous_all_triggers == all_triggers:
        return descriptions_cache

    # Files we loaded for missing descriptions
    new_triggers_descriptions: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
    # We try to avoid making a copy in the event the cache is good,
    # but now we must make a copy in case new triggers get added
    # while we are loading the missing ones so we do not
    # add the new ones to the cache without their descriptions
    triggers = triggers.copy()

    if missing_triggers := all_triggers.difference(descriptions_cache):
        domains_with_missing_triggers = {
            triggers[missing_trigger] for missing_trigger in missing_triggers
        }
        ints_or_excs = await async_get_integrations(hass, domains_with_missing_triggers)
        integrations: list[Integration] = []
        for domain, int_or_exc in ints_or_excs.items():
            if type(int_or_exc) is Integration and int_or_exc.has_triggers:
                integrations.append(int_or_exc)
                continue
            if TYPE_CHECKING:
                assert isinstance(int_or_exc, Exception)
            _LOGGER.debug(
                "Failed to load triggers.yaml for integration: %s",
                domain,
                exc_info=int_or_exc,
            )

        if integrations:
            new_triggers_descriptions = await hass.async_add_executor_job(
                _load_triggers_files, integrations
            )

    # Make a copy of the old cache and add missing descriptions to it
    new_descriptions_cache = descriptions_cache.copy()
    for missing_trigger in missing_triggers:
        domain = triggers[missing_trigger]

        if (
            yaml_description := new_triggers_descriptions.get(domain, {}).get(
                missing_trigger
            )
        ) is None:
            _LOGGER.debug(
                "No trigger descriptions found for trigger %s, skipping",
                missing_trigger,
            )
            new_descriptions_cache[missing_trigger] = None
            continue

        description = {"fields": yaml_description.get("fields", {})}

        new_descriptions_cache[missing_trigger] = description

    hass.data[TRIGGER_DESCRIPTION_CACHE] = new_descriptions_cache
    return new_descriptions_cache