diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 01e75a424d..4698c1d9f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -254,6 +254,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE],
     )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
+        cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
         task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
             cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 812a7cc16d..0ad909cb07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -14,20 +14,27 @@ namespace logger {
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-// Implementation for ESP32 (multi-core with atomic support)
-// Main thread: synchronous logging with direct buffer access
-// Other threads: console output with stack buffer, callbacks via async buffer
+// Implementation for ESP32 (multi-task platform with task-specific tracking)
+// Main task always uses direct buffer access for console output and callbacks
+// Other tasks:
+//  - With task log buffer: stack buffer for console output, async buffer for callbacks
+//  - Without task log buffer: only console output, no callbacks
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag))
     return;
-  recursion_guard_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
   TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
+  bool is_main_task = (current_task == main_task_);
 
-  // For main task: call log_message_to_buffer_and_send_ which does console and callback logging
-  if (current_task == main_task_) {
+  // Check and set recursion guard - uses pthread TLS for per-task state
+  if (this->check_and_set_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task)) {
+    return;  // Recursion detected
+  }
+
+  // Main task uses the shared buffer for efficiency
+  if (is_main_task) {
     this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
-    recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    this->reset_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -51,23 +58,21 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *
   }
 #endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 
-  recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+  // Reset the recursion guard for this task
+  this->reset_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task);
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
-
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
-// Implementation for platforms that do not support atomic operations
-// or have to consider logging in other tasks
+#else
+// Implementation for all other platforms
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
-  recursion_guard_ = true;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = true;
 
   // Format and send to both console and callbacks
   this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
 
-  recursion_guard_ = false;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
 #endif  // !USE_ESP32
 
@@ -76,10 +81,10 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *
 // Note: USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH is only defined for ESP8266.
 void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format,
                           va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
-  recursion_guard_ = true;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = true;
   this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0;
 
   // Copy format string from progmem
@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStr
 
   // Buffer full from copying format
   if (this->tx_buffer_at_ >= this->tx_buffer_size_) {
-    recursion_guard_ = false;  // Make sure to reset the recursion guard before returning
+    global_recursion_guard_ = false;  // Make sure to reset the recursion guard before returning
     return;
   }
 
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStr
   }
   this->call_log_callbacks_(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start);
 
-  recursion_guard_ = false;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
 #endif  // USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 8619cc0992..5c53c4d40c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <map>
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include <atomic>
+#include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -84,6 +84,23 @@ enum UARTSelection {
 };
 #endif  // USE_ESP32 || USE_ESP8266 || USE_RP2040 || USE_LIBRETINY
 
+/**
+ * @brief Logger component for all ESPHome logging.
+ *
+ * This class implements a multi-platform logging system with protection against recursion.
+ *
+ * Recursion Protection Strategy:
+ * - On ESP32: Uses task-specific recursion guards
+ *   * Main task: Uses a dedicated boolean member variable for efficiency
+ *   * Other tasks: Uses pthread TLS with a dynamically allocated key for task-specific state
+ * - On other platforms: Uses a simple global recursion guard
+ *
+ * We use pthread TLS via pthread_key_create to create a unique key for storing
+ * task-specific recursion state, which:
+ * 1. Efficiently handles multiple tasks without locks or mutexes
+ * 2. Works with ESP-IDF's pthread implementation that uses a linked list for TLS variables
+ * 3. Avoids the limitations of the fixed FreeRTOS task local storage slots
+ */
 class Logger : public Component {
  public:
   explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size);
@@ -102,6 +119,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
   uart_port_t get_uart_num() const { return uart_num_; }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  void create_pthread_key() { pthread_key_create(&log_recursion_key_, nullptr); }
+#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   void set_uart_selection(UARTSelection uart_selection) { uart_ = uart_selection; }
   /// Get the UART used by the logger.
@@ -222,18 +242,22 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   std::map<std::string, int> log_levels_{};
   CallbackManager<void(int, const char *, const char *)> log_callback_{};
   int current_level_{ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE};
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  std::atomic<bool> recursion_guard_{false};
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   std::unique_ptr<logger::TaskLogBuffer> log_buffer_;  // Will be initialized with init_log_buffer
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Task-specific recursion guards:
+  // - Main task uses a dedicated member variable for efficiency
+  // - Other tasks use pthread TLS with a dynamically created key via pthread_key_create
+  bool main_task_recursion_guard_{false};
+  pthread_key_t log_recursion_key_;
 #else
-  bool recursion_guard_{false};
+  bool global_recursion_guard_{false};  // Simple global recursion guard for single-task platforms
 #endif
-  void *main_task_ = nullptr;
   CallbackManager<void(int)> level_callback_{};
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  void *main_task_ = nullptr;  // Only used for thread name identification
   const char *HOT get_thread_name_() {
     TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
     if (current_task == main_task_) {
@@ -248,6 +272,32 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  inline bool HOT check_and_set_task_log_recursion_(bool is_main_task) {
+    if (is_main_task) {
+      const bool was_recursive = main_task_recursion_guard_;
+      main_task_recursion_guard_ = true;
+      return was_recursive;
+    }
+
+    intptr_t current = (intptr_t) pthread_getspecific(log_recursion_key_);
+    if (current != 0)
+      return true;
+
+    pthread_setspecific(log_recursion_key_, (void *) 1);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline void HOT reset_task_log_recursion_(bool is_main_task) {
+    if (is_main_task) {
+      main_task_recursion_guard_ = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    pthread_setspecific(log_recursion_key_, (void *) 0);
+  }
+#endif
+
   inline void HOT write_header_to_buffer_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *thread_name, char *buffer,
                                           int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
     // Format header