[logger] Don't allow `logger.log actions without configuring the logger` (#9821)

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -421,6 +421,7 @@ CONF_LOGGER_LOG = "logger.log"
 LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.maybe_simple_value(
         {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_LOGGER_ID): cv.use_id(Logger),
             cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.string,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ARGS, default=list): cv.ensure_list(cv.lambda_),
             cv.Optional(CONF_LEVEL, default="DEBUG"): cv.one_of(

tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ esphome:
 esp32:
   board: esp32dev
 
+logger:
+
 text:
   - platform: template
     name: "test 1 text"