Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/dev' into loop_runtime_stats

.coveragerc

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 [run]
-omit = esphome/components/*
+omit = 
+    esphome/components/*
+    tests/integration/*

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+ARG BUILD_BASE_VERSION=2025.04.0
+
+
+FROM ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:debian-${BUILD_BASE_VERSION} AS base
+
+RUN git config --system --add safe.directory "*"
+
+RUN apt update \
+    && apt install -y \
+      protobuf-compiler
+
+RUN pip install uv
+
+RUN useradd esphome -m
+
+USER esphome
+ENV VIRTUAL_ENV=/home/esphome/.local/esphome-venv
+RUN uv venv $VIRTUAL_ENV
+ENV PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
+# Override this set to true in the docker-base image
+ENV UV_SYSTEM_PYTHON=false
+
+WORKDIR /tmp
+
+COPY requirements.txt ./
+RUN uv pip install -r requirements.txt
+COPY requirements_dev.txt requirements_test.txt ./
+RUN uv pip install -r requirements_dev.txt -r requirements_test.txt
+
+RUN \
+    platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \
+    && platformio settings set check_platformio_interval 1000000
+
+COPY script/platformio_install_deps.py platformio.ini ./
+RUN ./platformio_install_deps.py platformio.ini --libraries --platforms --tools
+
+WORKDIR /workspaces

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 {
   "name": "ESPHome Dev",
-  "image": "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-lint:dev",
+  "context": "..",
+  "dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
   "postCreateCommand": [
     "script/devcontainer-post-create"
   ],
-  "containerEnv": {
+  "features": {
-    "DEVCONTAINER": "1",
+    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/github-cli:1": {}
-    "PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES": "1",
-    "PIP_ROOT_USER_ACTION": "ignore"
   },
   "runArgs": [
     "--privileged",
     "-e",
-    "ESPHOME_DASHBOARD_USE_PING=1"
+    "GIT_EDITOR=code --wait"
     // uncomment and edit the path in order to pass though local USB serial to the conatiner
     // , "--device=/dev/ttyACM0"
   ],

.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.16.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.17.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.16.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.17.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ jobs:
           - "docker"
           # - "lint"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.10.0
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 env:
-  DEFAULT_PYTHON: "3.9"
+  DEFAULT_PYTHON: "3.10"
-  PYUPGRADE_TARGET: "--py39-plus"
+  PYUPGRADE_TARGET: "--py310-plus"
 
 concurrency:
   # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_test.txt') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -173,10 +173,10 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.9"
           - "3.10"
           - "3.11"
           - "3.12"
+          - "3.13"
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
           - macOS-latest
@@ -185,24 +185,24 @@ jobs:
           # Minimize CI resource usage
           # by only running the Python version
           # version used for docker images on Windows and macOS
+          - python-version: "3.13"
+            os: windows-latest
           - python-version: "3.12"
             os: windows-latest
           - python-version: "3.10"
             os: windows-latest
-          - python-version: "3.9"
+          - python-version: "3.13"
-            os: windows-latest
+            os: macOS-latest
           - python-version: "3.12"
             os: macOS-latest
           - python-version: "3.10"
             os: macOS-latest
-          - python-version: "3.9"
-            os: macOS-latest
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     needs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -214,14 +214,14 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
         run: |
           ./venv/Scripts/activate
-          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native tests
+          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native -n auto tests
       - name: Run pytest
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' || matrix.os == 'macOS-latest'
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
-          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native tests
+          pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native -n auto tests
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5.4.2
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5.4.3
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ jobs:
       count: ${{ steps.list-components.outputs.count }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
         with:
           # Fetch enough history so `git merge-base refs/remotes/origin/dev HEAD` works.
           fetch-depth: 500
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix: ${{ steps.split.outputs.components }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Split components into 20 groups
         id: split
         run: |
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       tag: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
+      deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
@@ -27,6 +28,11 @@ jobs:
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]]; then
             TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name}}"
             BRANCH_BUILD="false"
+            if [[ "${{ github.event.release.prerelease }}" = "true" ]]; then
+              ENVIRONMENT="beta"
+            else
+              ENVIRONMENT="production"
+            fi
           else
             TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
             today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
@@ -35,12 +41,15 @@ jobs:
             if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
               TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
               BRANCH_BUILD="true"
+              ENVIRONMENT=""
             else
               BRANCH_BUILD="false"
+              ENVIRONMENT="dev"
             fi
           fi
           echo "tag=${TAG}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "branch_build=${BRANCH_BUILD}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "deploy_env=${ENVIRONMENT}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         # yamllint enable rule:line-length
 
   deploy-pypi:
@@ -51,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:
@@ -83,11 +92,11 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.10.0
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
 
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.3.0
@@ -233,9 +242,8 @@ jobs:
   deploy-esphome-schema:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && needs.init.outputs.branch_build == 'false'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
+    needs: [init]
-      - init
+    environment: ${{ needs.init.outputs.deploy_env }}
-      - deploy-manifest
     steps:
       - name: Trigger Workflow
         uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:
-          python-version: 3.12
+          python-version: 3.13
 
       - name: Install Home Assistant
         run: |

.github/workflows/yaml-lint.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
       - name: Run yamllint
         uses: frenck/action-yamllint@v1.5.0
         with:

.gitignore

@@ -143,5 +143,4 @@ sdkconfig.*
 /components
 /managed_components
 
-
+api-docs/
-**/.claude/settings.local.json

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.11.9
+    rev: v0.11.10
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ repos:
           - --branch=release
           - --branch=beta
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.15.2
+    rev: v3.20.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py39-plus]
+        args: [--py310-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint.git
     rev: v1.37.1
     hooks:

CODEOWNERS

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ esphome/components/ch422g/* @clydebarrow @jesterret
 esphome/components/chsc6x/* @kkosik20
 esphome/components/climate/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/climate_ir/* @glmnet
+esphome/components/cm1106/* @andrewjswan
 esphome/components/color_temperature/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/combination/* @Cat-Ion @kahrendt
 esphome/components/const/* @esphome/core
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/* @zry98
 esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/gpio/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/* @ssieb
-esphome/components/gps/* @coogle
+esphome/components/gps/* @coogle @ximex
 esphome/components/graph/* @synco
 esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/* @MrMDavidson
 esphome/components/gree/* @orestismers
@@ -478,6 +479,8 @@ esphome/components/ufire_ise/* @pvizeli
 esphome/components/ultrasonic/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/update/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/* @kroimon
+esphome/components/usb_host/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/usb_uart/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/valve/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/vbus/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/veml3235/* @kbx81

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ FROM base-source-${BUILD_TYPE} AS base
 
 RUN git config --system --add safe.directory "*"
 
-RUN pip install uv==0.6.14
+ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip uv==0.6.14
 
 COPY requirements.txt /
 

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, coroutine
 from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, indent, is_ip_address
-from esphome.log import Fore, color, setup_log
+from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color, setup_log
 from esphome.util import (
     get_serial_ports,
     list_yaml_files,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def choose_prompt(options, purpose: str = None):
                 raise ValueError
             break
         except ValueError:
-            safe_print(color(Fore.RED, f"Invalid option: '{opt}'"))
+            safe_print(color(AnsiFore.RED, f"Invalid option: '{opt}'"))
     return options[opt - 1][1]
 
 
@@ -596,30 +596,30 @@ def command_update_all(args):
         click.echo(f"{half_line}{middle_text}{half_line}")
 
     for f in files:
-        print(f"Updating {color(Fore.CYAN, f)}")
+        print(f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, f)}")
         print("-" * twidth)
         print()
         rc = run_external_process(
             "esphome", "--dashboard", "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"
         )
         if rc == 0:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {f}")
             success[f] = True
         else:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {f}")
             success[f] = False
 
         print()
         print()
         print()
 
-    print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_WHITE, 'SUMMARY')}]")
+    print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, 'SUMMARY')}]")
     failed = 0
     for f in files:
         if success[f]:
-            print(f"  - {f}: {color(Fore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
+            print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
         else:
-            print(f"  - {f}: {color(Fore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
+            print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
             failed += 1
     return failed
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
         if c not in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
             print(
                 color(
-                    Fore.BOLD_RED,
+                    AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                     f"'{c}' is an invalid character for names. Valid characters are: "
                     f"{ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS} (lowercase, no spaces)",
                 )
@@ -658,7 +658,9 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(CORE.config_path)
     if CONF_ESPHOME not in yaml or CONF_NAME not in yaml[CONF_ESPHOME]:
         print(
-            color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed.")
+            color(
+                AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed."
+            )
         )
         return 1
     old_name = yaml[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]
@@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
             )
             > 1
         ):
-            print(color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
+            print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
             return 1
 
         new_raw = re.sub(
@@ -693,7 +695,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
 
     new_path = os.path.join(CORE.config_dir, args.name + ".yaml")
     print(
-        f"Updating {color(Fore.CYAN, CORE.config_path)} to {color(Fore.CYAN, new_path)}"
+        f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, CORE.config_path)} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, new_path)}"
     )
     print()
 
@@ -702,7 +704,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
 
     rc = run_external_process("esphome", "config", new_path)
     if rc != 0:
-        print(color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
+        print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
         os.remove(new_path)
         return 1
 
@@ -728,7 +730,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     if CORE.config_path != new_path:
         os.remove(CORE.config_path)
 
-    print(color(Fore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
+    print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
     print()
     return 0
 

esphome/components/anova/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.const import CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
 
 UNITS = {
     "f": "f",
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ Anova = anova_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(Anova)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Anova),
             cv.Required(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT): cv.enum(UNITS),
         }
     )
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_unit_of_measurement(config[CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT]))

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -432,7 +432,8 @@ message FanCommandRequest {
 enum ColorMode {
   COLOR_MODE_UNKNOWN = 0;
   COLOR_MODE_ON_OFF = 1;
-  COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS = 2;
+  COLOR_MODE_LEGACY_BRIGHTNESS = 2;
+  COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS = 3;
   COLOR_MODE_WHITE = 7;
   COLOR_MODE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 11;
   COLOR_MODE_COLD_WARM_WHITE = 19;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@
 #include "api_server.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
-using send_message_t = bool(APIConnection *, void *);
+// Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
+static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
+
+using send_message_t = bool (APIConnection::*)(void *);
 
 /*
   This class holds a pointer to the source component that wants to publish a message, and a pointer to a function that
@@ -30,10 +34,10 @@ class DeferredMessageQueue {
 
    protected:
     void *source_;
-    send_message_t *send_message_;
+    send_message_t send_message_;
 
    public:
-    DeferredMessage(void *source, send_message_t *send_message) : source_(source), send_message_(send_message) {}
+    DeferredMessage(void *source, send_message_t send_message) : source_(source), send_message_(send_message) {}
     bool operator==(const DeferredMessage &test) const {
       return (source_ == test.source_ && send_message_ == test.send_message_);
     }
@@ -46,12 +50,13 @@ class DeferredMessageQueue {
   APIConnection *api_connection_;
 
   // helper for allowing only unique entries in the queue
-  void dmq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, send_message_t *send_message);
+  void dmq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, send_message_t send_message);
 
  public:
   DeferredMessageQueue(APIConnection *api_connection) : api_connection_(api_connection) {}
   void process_queue();
-  void defer(void *source, send_message_t *send_message);
+  void defer(void *source, send_message_t send_message);
+  bool empty() const { return deferred_queue_.empty(); }
 };
 
 class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
@@ -69,137 +74,213 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   bool send_binary_sensor_state(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
   void send_binary_sensor_info(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_binary_sensor);
+
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
+ protected:
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_binary_sensor);
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_state_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_state_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_info_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
   bool send_cover_state(cover::Cover *cover);
   void send_cover_info(cover::Cover *cover);
-  static bool try_send_cover_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_cover);
-  static bool try_send_cover_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_cover);
   void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_cover_state_(cover::Cover *cover);
+  bool try_send_cover_info_(cover::Cover *cover);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
   bool send_fan_state(fan::Fan *fan);
   void send_fan_info(fan::Fan *fan);
-  static bool try_send_fan_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_fan);
-  static bool try_send_fan_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_fan);
   void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_fan_state_(fan::Fan *fan);
+  bool try_send_fan_info_(fan::Fan *fan);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
   bool send_light_state(light::LightState *light);
   void send_light_info(light::LightState *light);
-  static bool try_send_light_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_light);
-  static bool try_send_light_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_light);
   void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_light_state_(light::LightState *light);
+  bool try_send_light_info_(light::LightState *light);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   bool send_sensor_state(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
   void send_sensor_info(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
-  static bool try_send_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_sensor);
+
-  static bool try_send_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
+ protected:
-  static bool try_send_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_sensor);
+  bool try_send_sensor_state_(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+  bool try_send_sensor_state_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
+  bool try_send_sensor_info_(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
   bool send_switch_state(switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
   void send_switch_info(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
-  static bool try_send_switch_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_switch);
-  static bool try_send_switch_state(APIConnection *api, switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
-  static bool try_send_switch_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_switch);
   void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_switch_state_(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
+  bool try_send_switch_state_(switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
+  bool try_send_switch_info_(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool send_text_sensor_state(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
   void send_text_sensor_info(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_text_sensor);
+
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
+ protected:
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_text_sensor);
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_state_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_state_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_info_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   void set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<esp32_camera::CameraImage> image);
   void send_camera_info(esp32_camera::ESP32Camera *camera);
-  static bool try_send_camera_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_camera);
   void camera_image(const CameraImageRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_camera_info_(esp32_camera::ESP32Camera *camera);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   bool send_climate_state(climate::Climate *climate);
   void send_climate_info(climate::Climate *climate);
-  static bool try_send_climate_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_climate);
-  static bool try_send_climate_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_climate);
   void climate_command(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_climate_state_(climate::Climate *climate);
+  bool try_send_climate_info_(climate::Climate *climate);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   bool send_number_state(number::Number *number, float state);
   void send_number_info(number::Number *number);
-  static bool try_send_number_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_number);
-  static bool try_send_number_state(APIConnection *api, number::Number *number, float state);
-  static bool try_send_number_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_number);
   void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_number_state_(number::Number *number);
+  bool try_send_number_state_(number::Number *number, float state);
+  bool try_send_number_info_(number::Number *number);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   bool send_date_state(datetime::DateEntity *date);
   void send_date_info(datetime::DateEntity *date);
-  static bool try_send_date_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_date);
-  static bool try_send_date_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_date);
   void date_command(const DateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_date_state_(datetime::DateEntity *date);
+  bool try_send_date_info_(datetime::DateEntity *date);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
   bool send_time_state(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
   void send_time_info(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
-  static bool try_send_time_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_time);
-  static bool try_send_time_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_time);
   void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_time_state_(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
+  bool try_send_time_info_(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   bool send_datetime_state(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
   void send_datetime_info(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
-  static bool try_send_datetime_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_datetime);
-  static bool try_send_datetime_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_datetime);
   void datetime_command(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_datetime_state_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
+  bool try_send_datetime_info_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
   bool send_text_state(text::Text *text, std::string state);
   void send_text_info(text::Text *text);
-  static bool try_send_text_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_text);
-  static bool try_send_text_state(APIConnection *api, text::Text *text, std::string state);
-  static bool try_send_text_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_text);
   void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_text_state_(text::Text *text);
+  bool try_send_text_state_(text::Text *text, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_text_info_(text::Text *text);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   bool send_select_state(select::Select *select, std::string state);
   void send_select_info(select::Select *select);
-  static bool try_send_select_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_select);
-  static bool try_send_select_state(APIConnection *api, select::Select *select, std::string state);
-  static bool try_send_select_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_select);
   void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_select_state_(select::Select *select);
+  bool try_send_select_state_(select::Select *select, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_select_info_(select::Select *select);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
   void send_button_info(button::Button *button);
-  static bool try_send_button_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_button);
   void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_button_info_(button::Button *button);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   bool send_lock_state(lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
   void send_lock_info(lock::Lock *a_lock);
-  static bool try_send_lock_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_lock);
-  static bool try_send_lock_state(APIConnection *api, lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
-  static bool try_send_lock_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_lock);
   void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_lock_state_(lock::Lock *a_lock);
+  bool try_send_lock_state_(lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
+  bool try_send_lock_info_(lock::Lock *a_lock);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
   bool send_valve_state(valve::Valve *valve);
   void send_valve_info(valve::Valve *valve);
-  static bool try_send_valve_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_valve);
-  static bool try_send_valve_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_valve);
   void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_valve_state_(valve::Valve *valve);
+  bool try_send_valve_info_(valve::Valve *valve);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
   bool send_media_player_state(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
   void send_media_player_info(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
-  static bool try_send_media_player_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_media_player);
-  static bool try_send_media_player_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_media_player);
   void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_media_player_state_(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
+  bool try_send_media_player_info_(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
+
+ public:
 #endif
   bool try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char *line);
   void send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call) {
@@ -246,25 +327,37 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   bool send_alarm_control_panel_state(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
   void send_alarm_control_panel_info(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
-  static bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_alarm_control_panel);
-  static bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_alarm_control_panel);
   void alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_state_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
+  bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_info_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   void send_event(event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
   void send_event_info(event::Event *event);
-  static bool try_send_event(APIConnection *api, void *v_event);
+
-  static bool try_send_event(APIConnection *api, event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
+ protected:
-  static bool try_send_event_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_event);
+  bool try_send_event_(event::Event *event);
+  bool try_send_event_(event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
+  bool try_send_event_info_(event::Event *event);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   bool send_update_state(update::UpdateEntity *update);
   void send_update_info(update::UpdateEntity *update);
-  static bool try_send_update_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_update);
-  static bool try_send_update_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_update);
   void update_command(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_update_state_(update::UpdateEntity *update);
+  bool try_send_update_info_(update::UpdateEntity *update);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
   void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value) override;
@@ -315,9 +408,17 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) override {
     // FIXME: ensure no recursive writes can happen
     this->proto_write_buffer_.clear();
-    this->proto_write_buffer_.reserve(reserve_size);
+    // Get header padding size - used for both reserve and insert
+    uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+    // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
+    // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
+    // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
+    this->proto_write_buffer_.reserve(reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
+    // Insert header padding bytes so message encoding starts at the correct position
+    this->proto_write_buffer_.insert(this->proto_write_buffer_.begin(), header_padding, 0);
     return {&this->proto_write_buffer_};
   }
+  bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space);
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint32_t message_type) override;
 
   std::string get_client_combined_info() const { return this->client_combined_info_; }
@@ -325,6 +426,99 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
  protected:
   friend APIServer;
 
+  /**
+   * Generic send entity state method to reduce code duplication.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * This is the base version for entities that use their current state.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to send state for
+   * @param try_send_func The function that tries to send the state
+   * @return True on success or message deferred, false if subscription check failed
+   */
+  bool send_state_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, send_message_t try_send_func) {
+    if (!this->state_subscription_)
+      return false;
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_func)(entity)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, try_send_func);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send entity state method that handles explicit state values.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * This method accepts a state parameter to be used instead of the entity's current state.
+   * It attempts to send the state with the provided value first, and if that fails due to buffer constraints,
+   * it defers the entity for later processing using the entity-only function.
+   *
+   * @tparam EntityT The entity type
+   * @tparam StateT Type of the state parameter
+   * @tparam Args Additional argument types (if any)
+   * @param entity The entity to send state for
+   * @param try_send_entity_func The function that tries to send the state with entity pointer only
+   * @param try_send_state_func The function that tries to send the state with entity and state parameters
+   * @param state The state value to send
+   * @param args Additional arguments to pass to the try_send_state_func
+   * @return True on success or message deferred, false if subscription check failed
+   */
+  template<typename EntityT, typename StateT, typename... Args>
+  bool send_state_with_value_(EntityT *entity, bool (APIConnection::*try_send_entity_func)(EntityT *),
+                              bool (APIConnection::*try_send_state_func)(EntityT *, StateT, Args...), StateT state,
+                              Args... args) {
+    if (!this->state_subscription_)
+      return false;
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_state_func)(entity, state, args...)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, reinterpret_cast<send_message_t>(try_send_entity_func));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generic send entity info method to reduce code duplication.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to send info for
+   * @param try_send_func The function that tries to send the info
+   */
+  void send_info_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, send_message_t try_send_func) {
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_func)(entity)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, try_send_func);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generic function for generating entity info response messages.
+   * This is used to reduce duplication in the try_send_*_info functions.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to generate info for
+   * @param response The response object
+   * @param send_response_func Function pointer to send the response
+   * @return True if the message was sent successfully
+   */
+  template<typename ResponseT>
+  bool try_send_entity_info_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, ResponseT &response,
+                             bool (APIServerConnectionBase::*send_response_func)(const ResponseT &)) {
+    // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
+    response.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
+    response.object_id = entity->get_object_id();
+
+    if (entity->has_own_name())
+      response.name = entity->get_name();
+
+    // Set common EntityBase properties
+    response.icon = entity->get_icon();
+    response.disabled_by_default = entity->is_disabled_by_default();
+    response.entity_category = static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(entity->get_entity_category());
+
+    // Send the response using the provided send method
+    return (this->*send_response_func)(response);
+  }
+
   bool send_(const void *buf, size_t len, bool force);
 
   enum class ConnectionState {

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -7,20 +7,13 @@
 #include "proto.h"
 #include "api_pb2_size.h"
 #include <cstring>
+#include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.socket";
 
-/// Is the given return value (from write syscalls) a wouldblock error?
-bool is_would_block(ssize_t ret) {
-  if (ret == -1) {
-    return errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN;
-  }
-  return ret == 0;
-}
-
 const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
   // not using switch to ensure compiler doesn't try to build a big table out of it
   if (err == APIError::OK) {
@@ -73,92 +66,154 @@ const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
   return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
-// Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+// Helper method to buffer data from IOVs
-template<typename StateEnum>
+void APIFrameHelper::buffer_data_from_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_write_len) {
-APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket,
+  SendBuffer buffer;
-                                    std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf, const std::string &info, StateEnum &state,
+  buffer.data.reserve(total_write_len);
-                                    StateEnum failed_state) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-  // This method writes data to socket or buffers it
+    const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base);
+    buffer.data.insert(buffer.data.end(), data, data + iov[i].iov_len);
+  }
+  this->tx_buf_.push_back(std::move(buffer));
+}
+
+// This method writes data to socket or buffers it
+APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
   // Returns APIError::OK if successful (or would block, but data has been buffered)
-  // Returns APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED if socket write failed, and sets state to failed_state
+  // Returns APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED if socket write failed, and sets state to FAILED
 
   if (iovcnt == 0)
     return APIError::OK;  // Nothing to do, success
 
-  size_t total_write_len = 0;
+  uint16_t total_write_len = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
               format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
 #endif
-    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
+    total_write_len += static_cast<uint16_t>(iov[i].iov_len);
   }
 
-  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+  // Try to send any existing buffered data first if there is any
-    // try to empty tx_buf first
+  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    while (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+    APIError send_result = try_send_tx_buf_();
-      ssize_t sent = socket->write(tx_buf.data(), tx_buf.size());
+    // If real error occurred (not just WOULD_BLOCK), return it
-      if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+    if (send_result != APIError::OK && send_result != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-        break;
+      return send_result;
-      } else if (sent == -1) {
+    }
-        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
+
-        state = failed_state;
+    // If there is still data in the buffer, we can't send, buffer
-        return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+    // the new data and return
-      }
+    if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
-      // TODO: inefficient if multiple packets in txbuf
+      this->buffer_data_from_iov_(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len);
-      // replace with deque of buffers
+      return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
-      tx_buf.erase(tx_buf.begin(), tx_buf.begin() + sent);
     }
   }
 
-  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+  // Try to send directly if no buffered data
-    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
+  ssize_t sent = this->socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
-  }
 
-  ssize_t sent = socket->writev(iov, iovcnt);
+  if (sent == -1) {
-  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+    if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
-    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
+      // Socket would block, buffer the data
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+      this->buffer_data_from_iov_(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len);
-    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
+      return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
     }
-    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+    // Socket error
-  } else if (sent == -1) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", this->info_.c_str(), errno);
-    // an error occurred
+    this->state_ = State::FAILED;
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
-    state = failed_state;
     return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
-  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
+  } else if (static_cast<uint16_t>(sent) < total_write_len) {
-    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
+    // Partially sent, buffer the remaining data
-    size_t remaining = total_write_len - sent;
+    SendBuffer buffer;
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    uint16_t to_consume = static_cast<uint16_t>(sent);
-    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + remaining);
+    uint16_t remaining = total_write_len - static_cast<uint16_t>(sent);
+
+    buffer.data.reserve(remaining);
 
-    size_t to_consume = sent;
     for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
       if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
-        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
+        // This segment was fully sent
+        to_consume -= static_cast<uint16_t>(iov[i].iov_len);
       } else {
-        tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
+        // This segment was partially sent or not sent at all
-                      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+        const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume;
+        uint16_t len = static_cast<uint16_t>(iov[i].iov_len) - to_consume;
+        buffer.data.insert(buffer.data.end(), data, data + len);
         to_consume = 0;
       }
     }
-    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+
+    this->tx_buf_.push_back(std::move(buffer));
   }
-  return APIError::OK;  // Success, all data sent
+
+  return APIError::OK;  // Success, all data sent or buffered
 }
 
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, info_.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+// Common implementation for trying to send buffered data
+// IMPORTANT: Caller MUST ensure tx_buf_ is not empty before calling this method
+APIError APIFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
+  // Try to send from tx_buf - we assume it's not empty as it's the caller's responsibility to check
+  bool tx_buf_empty = false;
+  while (!tx_buf_empty) {
+    // Get the first buffer in the queue
+    SendBuffer &front_buffer = this->tx_buf_.front();
+
+    // Try to send the remaining data in this buffer
+    ssize_t sent = this->socket_->write(front_buffer.current_data(), front_buffer.remaining());
+
+    if (sent == -1) {
+      if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN) {
+        // Real socket error (not just would block)
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", this->info_.c_str(), errno);
+        this->state_ = State::FAILED;
+        return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+      }
+      // Socket would block, we'll try again later
+      return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
+    } else if (sent == 0) {
+      // Nothing sent but not an error
+      return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
+    } else if (static_cast<uint16_t>(sent) < front_buffer.remaining()) {
+      // Partially sent, update offset
+      // Cast to ensure no overflow issues with uint16_t
+      front_buffer.offset += static_cast<uint16_t>(sent);
+      return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;  // Stop processing more buffers if we couldn't send a complete buffer
+    } else {
+      // Buffer completely sent, remove it from the queue
+      this->tx_buf_.pop_front();
+      // Update empty status for the loop condition
+      tx_buf_empty = this->tx_buf_.empty();
+      // Continue loop to try sending the next buffer
+    }
+  }
+
+  return APIError::OK;  // All buffers sent successfully
+}
+
+APIError APIFrameHelper::init_common_() {
+  if (state_ != State::INITIALIZE || this->socket_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Bad state for init %d", this->info_.c_str(), (int) state_);
+    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+  }
+  int err = this->socket_->setblocking(false);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Setting nonblocking failed with errno %d", this->info_.c_str(), errno);
+    return APIError::TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  int enable = 1;
+  err = this->socket_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &enable, sizeof(int));
+  if (err != 0) {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Setting nodelay failed with errno %d", this->info_.c_str(), errno);
+    return APIError::TCP_NODELAY_FAILED;
+  }
+  return APIError::OK;
+}
+
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, this->info_.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 // uncomment to log raw packets
 //#define HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
 
@@ -206,23 +261,9 @@ std::string noise_err_to_str(int err) {
 
 /// Initialize the frame helper, returns OK if successful.
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
-  if (state_ != State::INITIALIZE || socket_ == nullptr) {
+  APIError err = init_common_();
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad state for init %d", (int) state_);
+  if (err != APIError::OK) {
-    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+    return err;
-  }
-  int err = socket_->setblocking(false);
-  if (err != 0) {
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Setting nonblocking failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED;
-  }
-
-  int enable = 1;
-  err = socket_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &enable, sizeof(int));
-  if (err != 0) {
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Setting nodelay failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::TCP_NODELAY_FAILED;
   }
 
   // init prologue
@@ -234,17 +275,16 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
 /// Run through handshake messages (if in that phase)
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
   APIError err = state_action_();
-  if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)
+  if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-    return APIError::OK;
-  if (err != APIError::OK)
     return err;
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
+  }
+  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
     err = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (err != APIError::OK) {
+    if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
       return err;
     }
   }
-  return APIError::OK;
+  return APIError::OK;  // Convert WOULD_BLOCK to OK to avoid connection termination
 }
 
 /** Read a packet into the rx_buf_. If successful, stores frame data in the frame parameter
@@ -270,8 +310,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
   // read header
   if (rx_header_buf_len_ < 3) {
     // no header information yet
-    size_t to_read = 3 - rx_header_buf_len_;
+    uint8_t to_read = 3 - rx_header_buf_len_;
-    ssize_t received = socket_->read(&rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_len_], to_read);
+    ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_len_], to_read);
     if (received == -1) {
       if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
         return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
@@ -284,8 +324,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       HELPER_LOG("Connection closed");
       return APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED;
     }
-    rx_header_buf_len_ += received;
+    rx_header_buf_len_ += static_cast<uint8_t>(received);
-    if ((size_t) received != to_read) {
+    if (static_cast<uint8_t>(received) != to_read) {
       // not a full read
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
@@ -317,8 +357,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < msg_size) {
     // more data to read
-    size_t to_read = msg_size - rx_buf_len_;
+    uint16_t to_read = msg_size - rx_buf_len_;
-    ssize_t received = socket_->read(&rx_buf_[rx_buf_len_], to_read);
+    ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&rx_buf_[rx_buf_len_], to_read);
     if (received == -1) {
       if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
         return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
@@ -331,8 +371,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       HELPER_LOG("Connection closed");
       return APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED;
     }
-    rx_buf_len_ += received;
+    rx_buf_len_ += static_cast<uint16_t>(received);
-    if ((size_t) received != to_read) {
+    if (static_cast<uint16_t>(received) != to_read) {
       // not all read
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
@@ -381,6 +421,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     if (aerr != APIError::OK)
       return aerr;
     // ignore contents, may be used in future for flags
+    // Reserve space for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
+    prologue_.reserve(prologue_.size() + 2 + frame.msg.size());
     prologue_.push_back((uint8_t) (frame.msg.size() >> 8));
     prologue_.push_back((uint8_t) frame.msg.size());
     prologue_.insert(prologue_.end(), frame.msg.begin(), frame.msg.end());
@@ -389,16 +431,20 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
   }
   if (state_ == State::SERVER_HELLO) {
     // send server hello
+    const std::string &name = App.get_name();
+    const std::string &mac = get_mac_address();
+
     std::vector<uint8_t> msg;
+    // Reserve space for: 1 byte proto + name + null + mac + null
+    msg.reserve(1 + name.size() + 1 + mac.size() + 1);
+
     // chosen proto
     msg.push_back(0x01);
 
     // node name, terminated by null byte
-    const std::string &name = App.get_name();
     const uint8_t *name_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(name.c_str());
     msg.insert(msg.end(), name_ptr, name_ptr + name.size() + 1);
     // node mac, terminated by null byte
-    const std::string &mac = get_mac_address();
     const uint8_t *mac_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(mac.c_str());
     msg.insert(msg.end(), mac_ptr, mac_ptr + mac.size() + 1);
 
@@ -493,16 +539,18 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &rea
   std::vector<uint8_t> data;
   data.resize(reason.length() + 1);
   data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < reason.length(); i++) {
+
-    data[i + 1] = (uint8_t) reason[i];
+  // Copy error message in bulk
+  if (!reason.empty()) {
+    std::memcpy(data.data() + 1, reason.c_str(), reason.length());
   }
+
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
   state_ = State::EXPLICIT_REJECT;
   write_frame_(data.data(), data.size());
   state_ = orig_state;
 }
-
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   int err;
   APIError aerr;
@@ -530,7 +578,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return APIError::CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED;
   }
 
-  size_t msg_size = mbuf.size;
+  uint16_t msg_size = mbuf.size;
   uint8_t *msg_data = frame.msg.data();
   if (msg_size < 4) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
@@ -556,8 +604,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   buffer->type = type;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-bool APINoiseFrameHelper::can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_len) {
   int err;
   APIError aerr;
   aerr = state_action_();
@@ -569,31 +616,36 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload
     return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
   }
 
-  size_t padding = 0;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
-  size_t msg_len = 4 + payload_len + padding;
+  // Message data starts after padding
-  size_t frame_len = 3 + msg_len + noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
+  uint16_t payload_len = raw_buffer->size() - frame_header_padding_;
-  auto tmpbuf = std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>{new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[frame_len]};
+  uint16_t padding = 0;
-  if (tmpbuf == nullptr) {
+  uint16_t msg_len = 4 + payload_len + padding;
-    HELPER_LOG("Could not allocate for writing packet");
-    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-  }
 
-  tmpbuf[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
+  // We need to resize to include MAC space, but we already reserved it in create_buffer
-  // tmpbuf[1], tmpbuf[2] to be set later
+  raw_buffer->resize(raw_buffer->size() + frame_footer_size_);
+
+  // Write the noise header in the padded area
+  // Buffer layout:
+  // [0]    - 0x01 indicator byte
+  // [1-2]  - Size of encrypted payload (filled after encryption)
+  // [3-4]  - Message type (encrypted)
+  // [5-6]  - Payload length (encrypted)
+  // [7...] - Actual payload data (encrypted)
+  uint8_t *buf_start = raw_buffer->data();
+  buf_start[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
+  // buf_start[1], buf_start[2] to be set later after encryption
   const uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
-  const uint8_t payload_offset = msg_offset + 4;
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 0] = (uint8_t) (type >> 8);         // type high byte
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 0] = (uint8_t) (type >> 8);  // type
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 1] = (uint8_t) type;                // type low byte
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 1] = (uint8_t) type;
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 2] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);  // data_len high byte
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 2] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);  // data_len
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 3] = (uint8_t) payload_len;         // data_len low byte
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 3] = (uint8_t) payload_len;
+  // payload data is already in the buffer starting at position 7
-  // copy data
-  std::copy(payload, payload + payload_len, &tmpbuf[payload_offset]);
-  // fill padding with zeros
-  std::fill(&tmpbuf[payload_offset + payload_len], &tmpbuf[frame_len], 0);
 
   NoiseBuffer mbuf;
   noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, &tmpbuf[msg_offset], msg_len, frame_len - msg_offset);
+  // The capacity parameter should be msg_len + frame_footer_size_ (MAC length) to allow space for encryption
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buf_start + msg_offset, msg_len, msg_len + frame_footer_size_);
   err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(send_cipher_, &mbuf);
   if (err != 0) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
@@ -601,38 +653,20 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload
     return APIError::CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED;
   }
 
-  size_t total_len = 3 + mbuf.size;
+  uint16_t total_len = 3 + mbuf.size;
-  tmpbuf[1] = (uint8_t) (mbuf.size >> 8);
+  buf_start[1] = (uint8_t) (mbuf.size >> 8);
-  tmpbuf[2] = (uint8_t) mbuf.size;
+  buf_start[2] = (uint8_t) mbuf.size;
 
   struct iovec iov;
-  iov.iov_base = &tmpbuf[0];
+  // Point iov_base to the beginning of the buffer (no unused padding in Noise)
+  // We send the entire frame: indicator + size + encrypted(type + data_len + payload + MAC)
+  iov.iov_base = buf_start;
   iov.iov_len = total_len;
 
   // write raw to not have two packets sent if NAGLE disabled
-  return write_raw_(&iov, 1);
+  return this->write_raw_(&iov, 1);
 }
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
-  // try send from tx_buf
-  while (state_ != State::CLOSED && !tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    ssize_t sent = socket_->write(tx_buf_.data(), tx_buf_.size());
-    if (sent == -1) {
-      if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
-        break;
-      state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-      return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-    } else if (sent == 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-    // TODO: inefficient if multiple packets in txbuf
-    // replace with deque of buffers
-    tx_buf_.erase(tx_buf_.begin(), tx_buf_.begin() + sent);
-  }
-
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   uint8_t header[3];
   header[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
   header[1] = (uint8_t) (len >> 8);
@@ -642,12 +676,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   iov[0].iov_base = header;
   iov[0].iov_len = 3;
   if (len == 0) {
-    return write_raw_(iov, 1);
+    return this->write_raw_(iov, 1);
   }
   iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t *>(data);
   iov[1].iov_len = len;
 
-  return write_raw_(iov, 2);
+  return this->write_raw_(iov, 2);
 }
 
 /** Initiate the data structures for the handshake.
@@ -718,6 +752,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
     return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED;
   }
 
+  frame_footer_size_ = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
+
   HELPER_LOG("Handshake complete!");
   noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
   handshake_ = nullptr;
@@ -740,22 +776,6 @@ APINoiseFrameHelper::~APINoiseFrameHelper() {
   }
 }
 
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::close() {
-  state_ = State::CLOSED;
-  int err = socket_->close();
-  if (err == -1)
-    return APIError::CLOSE_FAILED;
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::shutdown(int how) {
-  int err = socket_->shutdown(how);
-  if (err == -1)
-    return APIError::SHUTDOWN_FAILED;
-  if (how == SHUT_RDWR) {
-    state_ = State::CLOSED;
-  }
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
 extern "C" {
 // declare how noise generates random bytes (here with a good HWRNG based on the RF system)
 void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
@@ -766,32 +786,15 @@ void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
 }
 }
 
-// Explicit template instantiation for Noise
-template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APINoiseFrameHelper::State>(
-    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
-    APINoiseFrameHelper::State &state, APINoiseFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 
 /// Initialize the frame helper, returns OK if successful.
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::init() {
-  if (state_ != State::INITIALIZE || socket_ == nullptr) {
+  APIError err = init_common_();
-    HELPER_LOG("Bad state for init %d", (int) state_);
+  if (err != APIError::OK) {
-    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+    return err;
-  }
-  int err = socket_->setblocking(false);
-  if (err != 0) {
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Setting nonblocking failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED;
-  }
-  int enable = 1;
-  err = socket_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &enable, sizeof(int));
-  if (err != 0) {
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Setting nodelay failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::TCP_NODELAY_FAILED;
   }
 
   state_ = State::DATA;
@@ -802,14 +805,13 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::loop() {
   if (state_ != State::DATA) {
     return APIError::BAD_STATE;
   }
-  // try send pending TX data
+  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
     APIError err = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (err != APIError::OK) {
+    if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
       return err;
     }
   }
-  return APIError::OK;
+  return APIError::OK;  // Convert WOULD_BLOCK to OK to avoid connection termination
 }
 
 /** Read a packet into the rx_buf_. If successful, stores frame data in the frame parameter
@@ -830,7 +832,11 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
   // read header
   while (!rx_header_parsed_) {
     uint8_t data;
-    ssize_t received = socket_->read(&data, 1);
+    // Reading one byte at a time is fastest in practice for ESP32 when
+    // there is no data on the wire (which is the common case).
+    // This results in faster failure detection compared to
+    // attempting to read multiple bytes at once.
+    ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&data, 1);
     if (received == -1) {
       if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
         return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
@@ -843,32 +849,77 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       HELPER_LOG("Connection closed");
       return APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED;
     }
-    rx_header_buf_.push_back(data);
 
-    // try parse header
+    // Successfully read a byte
-    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
+
-      state_ = State::FAILED;
+    // Process byte according to current buffer position
-      HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 0) {  // Case 1: First byte (indicator byte)
-      return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
+      if (data != 0x00) {
+        state_ = State::FAILED;
+        HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", data);
+        return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
+      }
+      // We don't store the indicator byte, just increment position
+      rx_header_buf_pos_ = 1;  // Set to 1 directly
+      continue;                // Need more bytes before we can parse
     }
 
-    size_t i = 1;
+    // Check buffer overflow before storing
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 5) {  // Case 2: Buffer would overflow (5 bytes is max allowed)
+      state_ = State::FAILED;
+      HELPER_LOG("Header buffer overflow");
+      return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
+    }
+
+    // Store byte in buffer (adjust index to account for skipped indicator byte)
+    rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1] = data;
+
+    // Increment position after storing
+    rx_header_buf_pos_++;
+
+    // Case 3: If we only have one varint byte, we need more
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 2) {  // Have read indicator + 1 byte
+      continue;                     // Need more bytes before we can parse
+    }
+
+    // At this point, we have at least 3 bytes total:
+    //   - Validated indicator byte (0x00) but not stored
+    //   - At least 2 bytes in the buffer for the varints
+    // Buffer layout:
+    //   First 1-3 bytes: Message size varint (variable length)
+    //     - 2 bytes would only allow up to 16383, which is less than noise's UINT16_MAX (65535)
+    //     - 3 bytes allows up to 2097151, ensuring we support at least as much as noise
+    //   Remaining 1-2 bytes: Message type varint (variable length)
+    // We now attempt to parse both varints. If either is incomplete,
+    // we'll continue reading more bytes.
+
     uint32_t consumed = 0;
-    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[i], rx_header_buf_.size() - i, &consumed);
+    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[0], rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1, &consumed);
     if (!msg_size_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
     }
 
-    i += consumed;
+    if (msg_size_varint->as_uint32() > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
-    rx_header_parsed_len_ = msg_size_varint->as_uint32();
+      state_ = State::FAILED;
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u", msg_size_varint->as_uint32(),
+                 std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
+      return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
+    }
+    rx_header_parsed_len_ = msg_size_varint->as_uint16();
 
-    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[i], rx_header_buf_.size() - i, &consumed);
+    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[consumed], rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1 - consumed, &consumed);
     if (!msg_type_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
     }
-    rx_header_parsed_type_ = msg_type_varint->as_uint32();
+    if (msg_type_varint->as_uint32() > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
+      state_ = State::FAILED;
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message type %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u", msg_type_varint->as_uint32(),
+                 std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
+      return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
+    }
+    rx_header_parsed_type_ = msg_type_varint->as_uint16();
     rx_header_parsed_ = true;
   }
   // header reading done
@@ -880,8 +931,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < rx_header_parsed_len_) {
     // more data to read
-    size_t to_read = rx_header_parsed_len_ - rx_buf_len_;
+    uint16_t to_read = rx_header_parsed_len_ - rx_buf_len_;
-    ssize_t received = socket_->read(&rx_buf_[rx_buf_len_], to_read);
+    ssize_t received = this->socket_->read(&rx_buf_[rx_buf_len_], to_read);
     if (received == -1) {
       if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
         return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
@@ -894,8 +945,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       HELPER_LOG("Connection closed");
       return APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED;
     }
-    rx_buf_len_ += received;
+    rx_buf_len_ += static_cast<uint16_t>(received);
-    if ((size_t) received != to_read) {
+    if (static_cast<uint16_t>(received) != to_read) {
       // not all read
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
     }
@@ -909,11 +960,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
   // consume msg
   rx_buf_ = {};
   rx_buf_len_ = 0;
-  rx_header_buf_.clear();
+  rx_header_buf_pos_ = 0;
   rx_header_parsed_ = false;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   APIError aerr;
 
@@ -941,7 +991,7 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
                          "Bad indicator byte";
       iov[0].iov_base = (void *) msg;
       iov[0].iov_len = 19;
-      write_raw_(iov, 1);
+      this->write_raw_(iov, 1);
     }
     return aerr;
   }
@@ -952,70 +1002,68 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   buffer->type = rx_header_parsed_type_;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-bool APIPlaintextFrameHelper::can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
+APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_len) {
   if (state_ != State::DATA) {
     return APIError::BAD_STATE;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> header;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
-  header.reserve(1 + api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(payload_len)) +
+  // Message data starts after padding (frame_header_padding_ = 6)
-                 api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(type)));
+  uint16_t payload_len = static_cast<uint16_t>(raw_buffer->size() - frame_header_padding_);
-  header.push_back(0x00);
-  ProtoVarInt(payload_len).encode(header);
-  ProtoVarInt(type).encode(header);
 
-  struct iovec iov[2];
+  // Calculate varint sizes for header components
-  iov[0].iov_base = &header[0];
+  uint8_t size_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(payload_len));
-  iov[0].iov_len = header.size();
+  uint8_t type_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
-  if (payload_len == 0) {
+  uint8_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
-    return write_raw_(iov, 1);
-  }
-  iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t *>(payload);
-  iov[1].iov_len = payload_len;
 
-  return write_raw_(iov, 2);
+  if (total_header_len > frame_header_padding_) {
-}
+    // Header is too large to fit in the padding
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
+    return APIError::BAD_ARG;
-  // try send from tx_buf
-  while (state_ != State::CLOSED && !tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    ssize_t sent = socket_->write(tx_buf_.data(), tx_buf_.size());
-    if (is_would_block(sent)) {
-      break;
-    } else if (sent == -1) {
-      state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-      return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-    }
-    // TODO: inefficient if multiple packets in txbuf
-    // replace with deque of buffers
-    tx_buf_.erase(tx_buf_.begin(), tx_buf_.begin() + sent);
   }
 
-  return APIError::OK;
+  // Calculate where to start writing the header
+  // The header starts at the latest possible position to minimize unused padding
+  //
+  // Example 1 (small values): total_header_len = 3, header_offset = 6 - 3 = 3
+  // [0-2]  - Unused padding
+  // [3]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [4]    - Payload size varint (1 byte, for sizes 0-127)
+  // [5]    - Message type varint (1 byte, for types 0-127)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  //
+  // Example 2 (medium values): total_header_len = 4, header_offset = 6 - 4 = 2
+  // [0-1]  - Unused padding
+  // [2]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [3-4]  - Payload size varint (2 bytes, for sizes 128-16383)
+  // [5]    - Message type varint (1 byte, for types 0-127)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  //
+  // Example 3 (large values): total_header_len = 6, header_offset = 6 - 6 = 0
+  // [0]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [1-3]  - Payload size varint (3 bytes, for sizes 16384-2097151)
+  // [4-5]  - Message type varint (2 bytes, for types 128-32767)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  uint8_t *buf_start = raw_buffer->data();
+  uint8_t header_offset = frame_header_padding_ - total_header_len;
+
+  // Write the plaintext header
+  buf_start[header_offset] = 0x00;  // indicator
+
+  // Encode size varint directly into buffer
+  ProtoVarInt(payload_len).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1, size_varint_len);
+
+  // Encode type varint directly into buffer
+  ProtoVarInt(type).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len, type_varint_len);
+
+  struct iovec iov;
+  // Point iov_base to the beginning of our header (skip unused padding)
+  // This ensures we only send the actual header and payload, not the empty padding bytes
+  iov.iov_base = buf_start + header_offset;
+  iov.iov_len = total_header_len + payload_len;
+
+  return write_raw_(&iov, 1);
 }
 
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::close() {
-  state_ = State::CLOSED;
-  int err = socket_->close();
-  if (err == -1)
-    return APIError::CLOSE_FAILED;
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::shutdown(int how) {
-  int err = socket_->shutdown(how);
-  if (err == -1)
-    return APIError::SHUTDOWN_FAILED;
-  if (how == SHUT_RDWR) {
-    state_ = State::CLOSED;
-  }
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
-
-// Explicit template instantiation for Plaintext
-template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State>(
-    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
-    APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State &state, APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 
 }  // namespace api

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <deque>
+#include <limits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -16,18 +17,13 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
+class ProtoWriteBuffer;
+
 struct ReadPacketBuffer {
   std::vector<uint8_t> container;
   uint16_t type;
-  size_t data_offset;
+  uint16_t data_offset;
-  size_t data_len;
+  uint16_t data_len;
-};
-
-struct PacketBuffer {
-  const std::vector<uint8_t> container;
-  uint16_t type;
-  uint8_t data_offset;
-  uint8_t data_len;
 };
 
 enum class APIError : int {
@@ -60,71 +56,147 @@ const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err);
 
 class APIFrameHelper {
  public:
+  APIFrameHelper() = default;
+  explicit APIFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket) : socket_owned_(std::move(socket)) {
+    socket_ = socket_owned_.get();
+  }
   virtual ~APIFrameHelper() = default;
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
   virtual APIError loop() = 0;
   virtual APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) = 0;
-  virtual bool can_write_without_blocking() = 0;
+  bool can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
-  virtual APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) = 0;
+  std::string getpeername() { return socket_->getpeername(); }
-  virtual std::string getpeername() = 0;
+  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen); }
-  virtual int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) = 0;
+  APIError close() {
-  virtual APIError close() = 0;
+    state_ = State::CLOSED;
-  virtual APIError shutdown(int how) = 0;
+    int err = this->socket_->close();
+    if (err == -1)
+      return APIError::CLOSE_FAILED;
+    return APIError::OK;
+  }
+  APIError shutdown(int how) {
+    int err = this->socket_->shutdown(how);
+    if (err == -1)
+      return APIError::SHUTDOWN_FAILED;
+    if (how == SHUT_RDWR) {
+      state_ = State::CLOSED;
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;
+  }
   // Give this helper a name for logging
-  virtual void set_log_info(std::string info) = 0;
+  void set_log_info(std::string info) { info_ = std::move(info); }
+  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
+  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
+  virtual uint8_t frame_header_padding() = 0;
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
+  virtual uint8_t frame_footer_size() = 0;
 
  protected:
+  // Struct for holding parsed frame data
+  struct ParsedFrame {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> msg;
+  };
+
+  // Buffer containing data to be sent
+  struct SendBuffer {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+    uint16_t offset{0};  // Current offset within the buffer (uint16_t to reduce memory usage)
+
+    // Using uint16_t reduces memory usage since ESPHome API messages are limited to UINT16_MAX (65535) bytes
+    uint16_t remaining() const { return static_cast<uint16_t>(data.size()) - offset; }
+    const uint8_t *current_data() const { return data.data() + offset; }
+  };
+
+  // Queue of data buffers to be sent
+  std::deque<SendBuffer> tx_buf_;
+
+  // Common state enum for all frame helpers
+  // Note: Not all states are used by all implementations
+  // - INITIALIZE: Used by both Noise and Plaintext
+  // - CLIENT_HELLO, SERVER_HELLO, HANDSHAKE: Only used by Noise protocol
+  // - DATA: Used by both Noise and Plaintext
+  // - CLOSED: Used by both Noise and Plaintext
+  // - FAILED: Used by both Noise and Plaintext
+  // - EXPLICIT_REJECT: Only used by Noise protocol
+  enum class State {
+    INITIALIZE = 1,
+    CLIENT_HELLO = 2,  // Noise only
+    SERVER_HELLO = 3,  // Noise only
+    HANDSHAKE = 4,     // Noise only
+    DATA = 5,
+    CLOSED = 6,
+    FAILED = 7,
+    EXPLICIT_REJECT = 8,  // Noise only
+  };
+
+  // Current state of the frame helper
+  State state_{State::INITIALIZE};
+
+  // Helper name for logging
+  std::string info_;
+
+  // Socket for communication
+  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
+  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_owned_;
+
   // Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+
+  // Try to send data from the tx buffer
+  APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
+
+  // Helper method to buffer data from IOVs
+  void buffer_data_from_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_write_len);
   template<typename StateEnum>
   APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
                       const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
+
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding_{0};
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size_{0};
+
+  // Receive buffer for reading frame data
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
+  uint16_t rx_buf_len_ = 0;
+
+  // Common initialization for both plaintext and noise protocols
+  APIError init_common_();
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx)
-      : socket_(std::move(socket)), ctx_(std::move(std::move(ctx))) {}
+      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket)), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {
+    // Noise header structure:
+    // Pos 0: indicator (0x01)
+    // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
+    // Pos 3-6: encrypted type (16-bit) + data_len (16-bit)
+    // Pos 7+: actual payload data
+    frame_header_padding_ = 7;
+  }
   ~APINoiseFrameHelper() override;
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  bool can_write_without_blocking() override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
-  APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) override;
+  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
-  std::string getpeername() override { return this->socket_->getpeername(); }
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
-  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
-    return this->socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
-  }
-  APIError close() override;
-  APIError shutdown(int how) override;
-  // Give this helper a name for logging
-  void set_log_info(std::string info) override { info_ = std::move(info); }
 
  protected:
-  struct ParsedFrame {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> msg;
-  };
-
   APIError state_action_();
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
-  APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
+  APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
-  APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
-  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
-    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
-  }
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
   void send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &reason);
-
+  // Fixed-size header buffer for noise protocol:
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
+  // 1 byte for indicator + 2 bytes for message size (16-bit value, not varint)
-
+  // Note: Maximum message size is UINT16_MAX (65535), with a limit of 128 bytes during handshake phase
-  std::string info_;
   uint8_t rx_header_buf_[3];
-  size_t rx_header_buf_len_ = 0;
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_len_ = 0;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
-  size_t rx_buf_len_ = 0;
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> tx_buf_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> prologue_;
 
   std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx_;
@@ -132,69 +204,44 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseProtocolId nid_;
-
-  enum class State {
-    INITIALIZE = 1,
-    CLIENT_HELLO = 2,
-    SERVER_HELLO = 3,
-    HANDSHAKE = 4,
-    DATA = 5,
-    CLOSED = 6,
-    FAILED = 7,
-    EXPLICIT_REJECT = 8,
-  } state_ = State::INITIALIZE;
 };
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
-  APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket) : socket_(std::move(socket)) {}
+  APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket) : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket)) {
+    // Plaintext header structure (worst case):
+    // Pos 0: indicator (0x00)
+    // Pos 1-3: payload size varint (up to 3 bytes)
+    // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes)
+    // Pos 6+: actual payload data
+    frame_header_padding_ = 6;
+  }
   ~APIPlaintextFrameHelper() override = default;
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  bool can_write_without_blocking() override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
-  APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) override;
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
-  std::string getpeername() override { return this->socket_->getpeername(); }
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
-  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
-    return this->socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  APIError close() override;
-  APIError shutdown(int how) override;
-  // Give this helper a name for logging
-  void set_log_info(std::string info) override { info_ = std::move(info); }
 
  protected:
-  struct ParsedFrame {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> msg;
-  };
-
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
-  APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
+  // Fixed-size header buffer for plaintext protocol:
-  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  // We only need space for the two varints since we validate the indicator byte separately.
-    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
+  // To match noise protocol's maximum message size (UINT16_MAX = 65535), we need:
-  }
+  // 3 bytes for message size varint (supports up to 2097151) + 2 bytes for message type varint
-
+  //
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
+  // While varints could theoretically be up to 10 bytes each for 64-bit values,
-
+  // attempting to process messages with headers that large would likely crash the
-  std::string info_;
+  // ESP32 due to memory constraints.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_header_buf_;
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[5];  // 5 bytes for varints (3 for size + 2 for type)
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_pos_ = 0;
   bool rx_header_parsed_ = false;
-  uint32_t rx_header_parsed_type_ = 0;
+  uint16_t rx_header_parsed_type_ = 0;
-  uint32_t rx_header_parsed_len_ = 0;
+  uint16_t rx_header_parsed_len_ = 0;
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
-  size_t rx_buf_len_ = 0;
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> tx_buf_;
-
-  enum class State {
-    INITIALIZE = 1,
-    DATA = 2,
-    CLOSED = 3,
-    FAILED = 4,
-  } state_ = State::INITIALIZE;
 };
 #endif
 

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ColorMode>(enums::ColorMode v
       return "COLOR_MODE_UNKNOWN";
     case enums::COLOR_MODE_ON_OFF:
       return "COLOR_MODE_ON_OFF";
+    case enums::COLOR_MODE_LEGACY_BRIGHTNESS:
+      return "COLOR_MODE_LEGACY_BRIGHTNESS";
     case enums::COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS:
       return "COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS";
     case enums::COLOR_MODE_WHITE:

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ enum FanDirection : uint32_t {
 enum ColorMode : uint32_t {
   COLOR_MODE_UNKNOWN = 0,
   COLOR_MODE_ON_OFF = 1,
-  COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS = 2,
+  COLOR_MODE_LEGACY_BRIGHTNESS = 2,
+  COLOR_MODE_BRIGHTNESS = 3,
   COLOR_MODE_WHITE = 7,
   COLOR_MODE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 11,
   COLOR_MODE_COLD_WARM_WHITE = 19,

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -20,16 +20,26 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
   explicit ProtoVarInt(uint64_t value) : value_(value) {}
 
   static optional<ProtoVarInt> parse(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed) {
-    if (consumed != nullptr)
+    if (len == 0) {
-      *consumed = 0;
+      if (consumed != nullptr)
-
+        *consumed = 0;
-    if (len == 0)
       return {};
+    }
 
-    uint64_t result = 0;
+    // Most common case: single-byte varint (values 0-127)
-    uint8_t bitpos = 0;
+    if ((buffer[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
+      if (consumed != nullptr)
+        *consumed = 1;
+      return ProtoVarInt(buffer[0]);
+    }
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    // General case for multi-byte varints
+    // Since we know buffer[0]'s high bit is set, initialize with its value
+    uint64_t result = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
+    uint8_t bitpos = 7;
+
+    // Start from the second byte since we've already processed the first
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < len; i++) {
       uint8_t val = buffer[i];
       result |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << uint64_t(bitpos);
       bitpos += 7;
@@ -40,9 +50,12 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
       }
     }
 
-    return {};
+    if (consumed != nullptr)
+      *consumed = 0;
+    return {};  // Incomplete or invalid varint
   }
 
+  uint16_t as_uint16() const { return this->value_; }
   uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
   uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
   bool as_bool() const { return this->value_; }
@@ -71,6 +84,34 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
       return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_ >> 1);
     }
   }
+  /**
+   * Encode the varint value to a pre-allocated buffer without bounds checking.
+   *
+   * @param buffer The pre-allocated buffer to write the encoded varint to
+   * @param len The size of the buffer in bytes
+   *
+   * @note The caller is responsible for ensuring the buffer is large enough
+   *       to hold the encoded value. Use ProtoSize::varint() to calculate
+   *       the exact size needed before calling this method.
+   * @note No bounds checking is performed for performance reasons.
+   */
+  void encode_to_buffer_unchecked(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len) {
+    uint64_t val = this->value_;
+    if (val <= 0x7F) {
+      buffer[0] = val;
+      return;
+    }
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (val && i < len) {
+      uint8_t temp = val & 0x7F;
+      val >>= 7;
+      if (val) {
+        buffer[i++] = temp | 0x80;
+      } else {
+        buffer[i++] = temp;
+      }
+    }
+  }
   void encode(std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
     uint64_t val = this->value_;
     if (val <= 0x7F) {

esphome/components/at581x/at581x.h

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace at581x {
 
 class AT581XComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
- protected:
-  switch_::Switch *rf_power_switch_{nullptr};
-
  public:
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
   void set_rf_power_switch(switch_::Switch *s) {
     this->rf_power_switch_ = s;
     s->turn_on();
@@ -48,6 +45,9 @@ class AT581XComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool i2c_read_reg(uint8_t addr, uint8_t &data);
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  switch_::Switch *rf_power_switch_{nullptr};
+#endif
   int freq_;
   int self_check_time_ms_;   /*!< Power-on self-test time, range: 0 ~ 65536 ms */
   int protect_time_ms_;      /*!< Protection time, recommended 1000 ms */

esphome/components/ballu/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
 ballu_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ballu")
 BalluClimate = ballu_ns.class_("BalluClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(BalluClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BalluClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW,
     CONF_HEAT_ACTION,
     CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_IDLE_ACTION,
     CONF_SENSOR,
 )
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@ BangBangClimate = bang_bang_ns.class_("BangBangClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Com
 BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig = bang_bang_ns.struct("BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(BangBangClimate)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BangBangClimate),
             cv.Required(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
             cv.Required(CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW): cv.temperature,
@@ -36,15 +35,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 }
             ),
         }
-    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_COOL_ACTION, CONF_HEAT_ACTION),
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
 
     sens = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SENSOR])
     cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "bedjet_hub.h"
 #include "bedjet_child.h"
 #include "bedjet_const.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-import logging
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HEAT_MODE,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE_SOURCE,
     CONF_TIME_ID,
@@ -13,7 +10,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jhansche"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["bedjet"]
 
@@ -30,9 +26,9 @@ BEDJET_TEMPERATURE_SOURCES = {
 }
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(BedJetClimate)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BedJetClimate),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HEAT_MODE, default="heat"): cv.enum(
                 BEDJET_HEAT_MODES, lower=True
             ),
@@ -63,9 +59,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_heating_mode(config[CONF_HEAT_MODE]))

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -15,17 +15,21 @@ void BinarySensor::publish_state(bool state) {
   if (!this->publish_dedup_.next(state))
     return;
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
-    this->send_state_internal(state);
+    this->send_state_internal(state, false);
   } else {
-    this->filter_list_->input(state);
+    this->filter_list_->input(state, false);
   }
 }
 void BinarySensor::publish_initial_state(bool state) {
-  this->has_state_ = false;
+  if (!this->publish_dedup_.next(state))
-  this->publish_state(state);
+    return;
+  if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
+    this->send_state_internal(state, true);
+  } else {
+    this->filter_list_->input(state, true);
+  }
 }
-void BinarySensor::send_state_internal(bool state) {
+void BinarySensor::send_state_internal(bool state, bool is_initial) {
-  bool is_initial = !this->has_state_;
   if (is_initial) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Sending initial state %s", this->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(state));
   } else {

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class BinarySensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
-  void send_state_internal(bool state);
+  void send_state_internal(bool state, bool is_initial);
 
   /// Return whether this binary sensor has outputted a state.
   virtual bool has_state() const;

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -9,37 +9,37 @@ namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sensor.filter";
 
-void Filter::output(bool value) {
+void Filter::output(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!this->dedup_.next(value))
     return;
 
   if (this->next_ == nullptr) {
-    this->parent_->send_state_internal(value);
+    this->parent_->send_state_internal(value, is_initial);
   } else {
-    this->next_->input(value);
+    this->next_->input(value, is_initial);
   }
 }
-void Filter::input(bool value) {
+void Filter::input(bool value, bool is_initial) {
-  auto b = this->new_value(value);
+  auto b = this->new_value(value, is_initial);
   if (b.has_value()) {
-    this->output(*b);
+    this->output(*b, is_initial);
   }
 }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOnOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOnOffFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
-    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->on_delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(true); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->on_delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(true, is_initial); });
   } else {
-    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->off_delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(false); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->off_delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(false, is_initial); });
   }
   return {};
 }
 
 float DelayedOnOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
-    this->set_timeout("ON", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(true); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON", this->delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(true, is_initial); });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->cancel_timeout("ON");
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float DelayedOnFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!value) {
-    this->set_timeout("OFF", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(false); });
+    this->set_timeout("OFF", this->delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(false, is_initial); });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->cancel_timeout("OFF");
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float DelayedOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value) { return !value; }
+optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) { return !value; }
 
 AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(std::move(timings)) {}
 
-optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
     // Ignore if already running
     if (this->active_timing_ != 0)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void AutorepeatFilter::next_timing_() {
 
 void AutorepeatFilter::next_value_(bool val) {
   const AutorepeatFilterTiming &timing = this->timings_[this->active_timing_ - 2];
-  this->output(val);
+  this->output(val, false);  // This is at least the second one so not initial
   this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", val ? timing.time_on : timing.time_off, [this, val]() { this->next_value_(!val); });
 }
 
@@ -109,18 +109,18 @@ float AutorepeatFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARD
 
 LambdaFilter::LambdaFilter(std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f) : f_(std::move(f)) {}
 
-optional<bool> LambdaFilter::new_value(bool value) { return this->f_(value); }
+optional<bool> LambdaFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) { return this->f_(value); }
 
-optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!this->steady_) {
-    this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this, value]() {
+    this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this, value, is_initial]() {
       this->steady_ = true;
-      this->output(value);
+      this->output(value, is_initial);
     });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->steady_ = false;
-    this->output(value);
+    this->output(value, is_initial);
     this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->steady_ = true; });
     return value;
   }

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class BinarySensor;
 
 class Filter {
  public:
-  virtual optional<bool> new_value(bool value) = 0;
+  virtual optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) = 0;
 
-  void input(bool value);
+  void input(bool value, bool is_initial);
 
-  void output(bool value);
+  void output(bool value, bool is_initial);
 
  protected:
   friend BinarySensor;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Filter {
 
 class DelayedOnOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class DelayedOnOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class DelayedOnFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class DelayedOnFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class DelayedOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class DelayedOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class InvertFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 };
 
 struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
   explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
 
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
  public:
   explicit LambdaFilter(std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f);
 
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
  protected:
   std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f_;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
 
 class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 

esphome/components/bl0942/sensor.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LINE_FREQUENCY,
     CONF_POWER,
+    CONF_RESET,
     CONF_VOLTAGE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE = "current_reference"
 CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE = "energy_reference"
 CONF_POWER_REFERENCE = "power_reference"
-CONF_RESET = "reset"
 CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE = "voltage_reference"
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/macros.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
   // Flush any pending BLE advertisements that have been accumulated but not yet sent
   if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
     static uint32_t last_flush_time = 0;
-    uint32_t now = millis();
+    uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
     // Flush accumulated advertisements every 100ms
     if (now - last_flush_time >= 100) {

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
 
 DOMAIN = "bme68x_bsec2"
 
-BSEC2_LIBRARY_VERSION = "v1.8.2610"
+BSEC2_LIBRARY_VERSION = "1.10.2610"
 
 CONF_ALGORITHM_OUTPUT = "algorithm_output"
 CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID = "bme68x_bsec2_id"
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = (
             ): cv.positive_time_period_minutes,
         },
     )
-    .add_extra(cv.only_with_arduino)
     .add_extra(validate_bme68x)
     .add_extra(download_bme68x_blob)
 )
@@ -179,11 +178,13 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
     bsec2_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
     cg.add(var.set_bsec2_configuration(bsec2_arr, len(rhs)))
 
-    # Although this component does not use SPI, the BSEC2 library requires the SPI library
+    # Although this component does not use SPI, the BSEC2 Arduino library requires the SPI library
-    cg.add_library("SPI", None)
+    if core.CORE.using_arduino:
+        cg.add_library("SPI", None)
     cg.add_library(
         "BME68x Sensor library",
-        "1.1.40407",
+        "1.3.40408",
+        "https://github.com/boschsensortec/Bosch-BME68x-Library",
     )
     cg.add_library(
         "BSEC2 Software Library",

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/bme68x_bsec2_i2c.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 

esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CCS811Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
                 icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
@@ -64,10 +64,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_ECO2])
+    if eco2_config := config.get(CONF_ECO2):
-    cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(eco2_config)
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TVOC])
+        cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
-    cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
+
+    if tvoc_config := config.get(CONF_TVOC):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(tvoc_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
 
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)

esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+import logging
+
+from esphome import core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, remote_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["remote_transmitter"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "remote_base"]
@@ -16,30 +22,58 @@ ClimateIR = climate_ir_ns.class_(
     remote_base.RemoteTransmittable,
 )
 
-CLIMATE_IR_SCHEMA = (
+
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+def climate_ir_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    return (
+        climate.climate_schema(class_)
+        .extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+        .extend(remote_base.REMOTE_TRANSMITTABLE_SCHEMA)
+    )
+
+
+def climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    return climate_ir_schema(class_).extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(remote_base.CONF_RECEIVER_ID): cv.use_id(
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                remote_base.RemoteReceiverBase
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(remote_base.REMOTE_TRANSMITTABLE_SCHEMA)
-)
 
-CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA = CLIMATE_IR_SCHEMA.extend(
+
-    {
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
-        cv.Optional(remote_base.CONF_RECEIVER_ID): cv.use_id(
+def deprecated_schema_constant(config):
-            remote_base.RemoteReceiverBase
+    type: str = "unknown"
-        ),
+    if (id := config.get(CONF_ID)) is not None and isinstance(id, core.ID):
-    }
+        type = str(id.type).split("::", maxsplit=1)[0]
-)
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Using `climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA` is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2025.11.0. "
+        "Please use `climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(...)` instead. "
+        "If you are seeing this, report an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it. "
+        "https://developers.esphome.io/blog/2025/05/14/_schema-deprecations/. "
+        "Component using this schema: %s",
+        type,
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA = climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ClimateIR)
+CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(deprecated_schema_constant)
 
 
 async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await remote_base.register_transmittable(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_supports_cool(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL]))
     cg.add(var.set_supports_heat(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT]))
@@ -48,3 +82,9 @@ async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
     if sensor_id := config.get(CONF_SENSOR):
         sens = await cg.get_variable(sensor_id)
         cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))
+
+
+async def new_climate_ir(config, *args):
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config, *args)
+    await register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    return var

esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -14,9 +13,8 @@ CONF_BIT_HIGH = "bit_high"
 CONF_BIT_ONE_LOW = "bit_one_low"
 CONF_BIT_ZERO_LOW = "bit_zero_low"
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LgIrClimate),
         cv.Optional(
             CONF_HEADER_HIGH, default="8000us"
         ): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -37,8 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_header_high(config[CONF_HEADER_HIGH]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_low(config[CONF_HEADER_LOW]))

esphome/components/cm1106/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""CM1106 component for ESPHome."""

esphome/components/cm1106/cm1106.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "cm1106.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cm1106 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "cm1106";
+static const uint8_t C_M1106_CMD_GET_CO2[4] = {0x11, 0x01, 0x01, 0xED};
+static const uint8_t C_M1106_CMD_SET_CO2_CALIB[6] = {0x11, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+static const uint8_t C_M1106_CMD_SET_CO2_CALIB_RESPONSE[4] = {0x16, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE6};
+
+uint8_t cm1106_checksum(const uint8_t *response, size_t len) {
+  uint8_t crc = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
+    crc -= response[i];
+  }
+  return crc;
+}
+
+void CM1106Component::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up CM1106...");
+  uint8_t response[8] = {0};
+  if (!this->cm1106_write_command_(C_M1106_CMD_GET_CO2, sizeof(C_M1106_CMD_GET_CO2), response, sizeof(response))) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication with CM1106 failed!");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void CM1106Component::update() {
+  uint8_t response[8] = {0};
+  if (!this->cm1106_write_command_(C_M1106_CMD_GET_CO2, sizeof(C_M1106_CMD_GET_CO2), response, sizeof(response))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading data from CM1106 failed!");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (response[0] != 0x16 || response[1] != 0x05 || response[2] != 0x01) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Got wrong UART response from CM1106: %02X %02X %02X %02X...", response[0], response[1], response[2],
+             response[3]);
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t checksum = cm1106_checksum(response, sizeof(response));
+  if (response[7] != checksum) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "CM1106 Checksum doesn't match: 0x%02X!=0x%02X", response[7], checksum);
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  uint16_t ppm = response[3] << 8 | response[4];
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CM1106 Received CO₂=%uppm DF3=%02X DF4=%02X", ppm, response[5], response[6]);
+  if (this->co2_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->co2_sensor_->publish_state(ppm);
+}
+
+void CM1106Component::calibrate_zero(uint16_t ppm) {
+  uint8_t cmd[6];
+  memcpy(cmd, C_M1106_CMD_SET_CO2_CALIB, sizeof(cmd));
+  cmd[3] = ppm >> 8;
+  cmd[4] = ppm & 0xFF;
+  uint8_t response[4] = {0};
+
+  if (!this->cm1106_write_command_(cmd, sizeof(cmd), response, sizeof(response))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading data from CM1106 failed!");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // check if correct response received
+  if (memcmp(response, C_M1106_CMD_SET_CO2_CALIB_RESPONSE, sizeof(response)) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Got wrong UART response from CM1106: %02X %02X %02X %02X", response[0], response[1], response[2],
+             response[3]);
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CM1106 Successfully calibrated sensor to %uppm", ppm);
+}
+
+bool CM1106Component::cm1106_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, size_t command_len, uint8_t *response,
+                                            size_t response_len) {
+  // Empty RX Buffer
+  while (this->available())
+    this->read();
+  this->write_array(command, command_len - 1);
+  this->write_byte(cm1106_checksum(command, command_len));
+  this->flush();
+
+  if (response == nullptr)
+    return true;
+
+  return this->read_array(response, response_len);
+}
+
+void CM1106Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "CM1106:");
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "CO2", this->co2_sensor_);
+  this->check_uart_settings(9600);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication with CM1106 failed!");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace cm1106
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cm1106/cm1106.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cm1106 {
+
+class CM1106Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return esphome::setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void calibrate_zero(uint16_t ppm);
+
+  void set_co2_sensor(sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor) { this->co2_sensor_ = co2_sensor; }
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_{nullptr};
+
+  bool cm1106_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, size_t command_len, uint8_t *response, size_t response_len);
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class CM1106CalibrateZeroAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  CM1106CalibrateZeroAction(CM1106Component *cm1106) : cm1106_(cm1106) {}
+
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cm1106_->calibrate_zero(400); }
+
+ protected:
+  CM1106Component *cm1106_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace cm1106
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""CM1106 Sensor component for ESPHome."""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome import automation
+from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
+from esphome.components import sensor, uart
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CO2,
+    CONF_ID,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+    ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
+
+cm1106_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cm1106")
+CM1106Component = cm1106_ns.class_(
+    "CM1106Component", cg.PollingComponent, uart.UARTDevice
+)
+CM1106CalibrateZeroAction = cm1106_ns.class_(
+    "CM1106CalibrateZeroAction",
+    automation.Action,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CM1106Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+                icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        },
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config) -> None:
+    """Code generation entry point."""
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    if co2_config := config.get(CONF_CO2):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(co2_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_co2_sensor(sens))
+
+
+CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(CM1106Component),
+    },
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cm1106.calibrate_zero",
+    CM1106CalibrateZeroAction,
+    CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+)
+async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args) -> None:
+    """Service code generation entry point."""
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)

esphome/components/coolix/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 coolix_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("coolix")
 CoolixClimate = coolix_ns.class_("CoolixClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(CoolixClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CoolixClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "cse7766.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cse7766 {
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ namespace cse7766 {
 static const char *const TAG = "cse7766";
 
 void CSE7766Component::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 500) {
     // last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.
     this->raw_data_index_ = 0;

esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "current_based_cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <cfloat>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::loop() {
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE)
     return;
 
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING) {
     if (this->malfunction_detection_ && this->is_closing_()) {  // Malfunction

esphome/components/daikin/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 daikin_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin")
 DaikinClimate = daikin_ns.class_("DaikinClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py

@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 daikin_arc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin_arc")
 DaikinArcClimate = daikin_arc_ns.class_("DaikinArcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinArcClimate)
-    {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinArcClimate)}
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ daikin_brc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin_brc")
 DaikinBrcClimate = daikin_brc_ns.class_("DaikinBrcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinBrcClimate).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinBrcClimate),
         cv.Optional(CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT, default=False): cv.boolean,
     }
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))

esphome/components/daly_bms/daly_bms.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "daly_bms.h"
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace daly_bms {
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ void DalyBmsComponent::update() {
 }
 
 void DalyBmsComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (this->receiving_ && (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 200)) {
     // last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.");

esphome/components/dashboard_import/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import base64
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import secrets
-from typing import Optional
 
 import requests
 from ruamel.yaml import YAML
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 def import_config(
     path: str,
     name: str,
-    friendly_name: Optional[str],
+    friendly_name: str | None,
     project_name: str,
     import_url: str,
     network: str = CONF_WIFI,

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void DebugComponent::loop() {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   // calculate loop time - from last call to this one
   if (this->loop_time_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    uint32_t now = millis();
+    uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     uint32_t loop_time = now - this->last_loop_timetag_;
     this->max_loop_time_ = std::max(this->max_loop_time_, loop_time);
     this->last_loop_timetag_ = now;

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h

@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@ class DebugComponent : public PollingComponent {
 #endif
   void set_loop_time_sensor(sensor::Sensor *loop_time_sensor) { loop_time_sensor_ = loop_time_sensor; }
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  void on_shutdown() override;
   void set_psram_sensor(sensor::Sensor *psram_sensor) { this->psram_sensor_ = psram_sensor; }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
   void set_cpu_frequency_sensor(sensor::Sensor *cpu_frequency_sensor) {
     this->cpu_frequency_sensor_ = cpu_frequency_sensor;
   }
 #endif  // USE_SENSOR
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  void on_shutdown() override;
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
  protected:
   uint32_t free_heap_{};
 

esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 delonghi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("delonghi")
 DelonghiClimate = delonghi_ns.class_("DelonghiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DelonghiClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DelonghiClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DPS310Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
                 icon=ICON_GAUGE,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_PRESSURE in config:
+    if pressure := config.get(CONF_PRESSURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_PRESSURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(pressure)
         cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py

@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EE895Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
                 icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_CO2 in config:
+    if co2 := config.get(CONF_CO2):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_CO2])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(co2)
         cg.add(var.set_co2_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_PRESSURE in config:
+    if pressure := config.get(CONF_PRESSURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_PRESSURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(pressure)
         cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@E440QF"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 emmeti_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("emmeti")
 EmmetiClimate = emmeti_ns.class_("EmmetiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(EmmetiClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EmmetiClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "endstop_cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace endstop {
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ void EndstopCover::loop() {
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE)
     return;
 
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING && this->is_open_()) {
     float dur = (now - this->start_dir_time_) / 1e3f;

esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py

@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ UNIT_INDEX = "index"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
             icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
             icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLATILE_ORGANIC_COMPOUNDS_PARTS,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_AQI): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AQI): sensor.sensor_schema(
             icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
@@ -62,12 +62,15 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_ECO2])
+    if eco2_config := config.get(CONF_ECO2):
-    cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(eco2_config)
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TVOC])
+        cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
-    cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
+    if tvoc_config := config.get(CONF_TVOC):
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_AQI])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(tvoc_config)
-    cg.add(var.set_aqi(sens))
+        cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
+    if aqi_config := config.get(CONF_AQI):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(aqi_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_aqi(sens))
 
     if compensation_config := config.get(CONF_COMPENSATION):
         sens = await cg.get_variable(compensation_config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import itertools
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from esphome import git
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -58,8 +57,10 @@ from .const import (  # noqa
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     VARIANT_FRIENDLY,
@@ -88,8 +89,10 @@ CPU_FREQUENCIES = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: get_cpu_frequencies(80, 160, 240),
     VARIANT_ESP32C2: get_cpu_frequencies(80, 120),
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: get_cpu_frequencies(80, 160),
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5: get_cpu_frequencies(80, 160, 240),
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: get_cpu_frequencies(80, 120, 160),
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: get_cpu_frequencies(16, 32, 48, 64, 96),
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: get_cpu_frequencies(40, 360, 400),
 }
 
 # Make sure not missed here if a new variant added.
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ class RawSdkconfigValue:
     value: str
 
 
-SdkconfigValueType = Union[bool, int, HexInt, str, RawSdkconfigValue]
+SdkconfigValueType = bool | int | HexInt | str | RawSdkconfigValue
 
 
 def add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name: str, value: SdkconfigValueType):
@@ -206,8 +209,8 @@ def add_idf_component(
     ref: str = None,
     path: str = None,
     refresh: TimePeriod = None,
-    components: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    components: list[str] | None = None,
-    submodules: Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    submodules: list[str] | None = None,
 ):
     """Add an esp-idf component to the project."""
     if not CORE.using_esp_idf:
@@ -296,11 +299,11 @@ ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 4, 0)
 # The default/recommended esp-idf framework version
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/releases
 #  - https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/platformio/tool/framework-espidf
-RECOMMENDED_ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 1, 6)
+RECOMMENDED_ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 3, 2)
 # The platformio/espressif32 version to use for esp-idf frameworks
 #  - https://github.com/platformio/platform-espressif32/releases
 #  - https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/platformio/platform/espressif32
-ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(51, 3, 7)
+ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION = cv.Version(53, 3, 13)
 
 # List based on https://registry.platformio.org/tools/platformio/framework-espidf/versions
 SUPPORTED_PLATFORMIO_ESP_IDF_5X = [
@@ -369,8 +372,8 @@ def _arduino_check_versions(value):
 def _esp_idf_check_versions(value):
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
-        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 1, 6), "https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git"),
+        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 3, 2), "https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git"),
-        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 1, 6), None),
+        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 3, 2), None),
         "recommended": (RECOMMENDED_ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, None),
     }
 

esphome/components/esp32/boards.py

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ from .const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
 )
@@ -1592,6 +1594,10 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Ai-Thinker ESP-C3-M1-I-Kit",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32C3,
     },
+    "esp32-c5-devkitc-1": {
+        "name": "Espressif ESP32-C5-DevKitC-1",
+        "variant": VARIANT_ESP32C5,
+    },
     "esp32-c6-devkitc-1": {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-C6-DevKitC-1",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32C6,
@@ -1632,6 +1638,14 @@ BOARDS = {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-H2-DevKit",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32H2,
     },
+    "esp32-p4": {
+        "name": "Espressif ESP32-P4 generic",
+        "variant": VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+    },
+    "esp32-p4-evboard": {
+        "name": "Espressif ESP32-P4 Function EV Board",
+        "variant": VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+    },
     "esp32-pico-devkitm-2": {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-PICO-DevKitM-2",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32,

esphome/components/esp32/const.py

@@ -17,16 +17,20 @@ VARIANT_ESP32S2 = "ESP32S2"
 VARIANT_ESP32S3 = "ESP32S3"
 VARIANT_ESP32C2 = "ESP32C2"
 VARIANT_ESP32C3 = "ESP32C3"
+VARIANT_ESP32C5 = "ESP32C5"
 VARIANT_ESP32C6 = "ESP32C6"
 VARIANT_ESP32H2 = "ESP32H2"
+VARIANT_ESP32P4 = "ESP32P4"
 VARIANTS = [
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
 ]
 
 VARIANT_FRIENDLY = {
@@ -35,8 +39,10 @@ VARIANT_FRIENDLY = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: "ESP32-S3",
     VARIANT_ESP32C2: "ESP32-C2",
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: "ESP32-C3",
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5: "ESP32-C5",
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: "ESP32-C6",
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: "ESP32-H2",
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: "ESP32-P4",
 }
 
 esp32_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32")

esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <Esp.h>
 #else
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 1, 0)
 #include <esp_clk_tree.h>
-
+#endif
 void setup();
 void loop();
 #endif
@@ -63,7 +64,13 @@ uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return cpu_hal_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() {
   uint32_t freq = 0;
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 1, 0)
   esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(SOC_MOD_CLK_CPU, ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_CACHED, &freq);
+#else
+  rtc_cpu_freq_config_t config;
+  rtc_clk_cpu_freq_get_config(&config);
+  freq = config.freq_mhz * 1000000U;
+#endif
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   freq = ESP.getCpuFreqMHz() * 1000000;
 #endif

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,8 +27,10 @@ from .const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     esp32_ns,
@@ -35,8 +38,10 @@ from .const import (
 from .gpio_esp32 import esp32_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_c2 import esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_c2_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_c3 import esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_c3_validate_supports
+from .gpio_esp32_c5 import esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_c5_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_c6 import esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_c6_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_h2 import esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_h2_validate_supports
+from .gpio_esp32_p4 import esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_p4_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_s2 import esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_s2_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_s3 import esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_s3_validate_supports
 
@@ -97,6 +102,10 @@ _esp32_validations = {
         pin_validation=esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c3_validate_supports,
     ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_c5_validate_supports,
+    ),
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c6_validate_supports,
@@ -105,6 +114,10 @@ _esp32_validations = {
         pin_validation=esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_h2_validate_supports,
     ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_p4_validate_supports,
+    ),
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_s2_validate_supports,

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import logging
+
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+from esphome.pins import check_strapping_pin
+
+_ESP32C5_SPI_PSRAM_PINS = {
+    16: "SPICS0",
+    17: "SPIQ",
+    18: "SPIWP",
+    19: "VDD_SPI",
+    20: "SPIHD",
+    21: "SPICLK",
+    22: "SPID",
+}
+
+_ESP32C5_STRAPPING_PINS = {2, 7, 27, 28}
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+    if value < 0 or value > 28:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-28)")
+    if value in _ESP32C5_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"This pin cannot be used on ESP32-C5s and is already used by the SPI/PSRAM interface (function: {_ESP32C5_SPI_PSRAM_PINS[value]})"
+        )
+
+    return value
+
+
+def esp32_c5_validate_supports(value):
+    num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
+    mode = value[CONF_MODE]
+    is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
+
+    if num < 0 or num > 28:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-28)")
+    if is_input:
+        # All ESP32 pins support input mode
+        pass
+
+    check_strapping_pin(value, _ESP32C5_STRAPPING_PINS, _LOGGER)
+    return value

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import logging
+
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
+
+_ESP32P4_USB_JTAG_PINS = {24, 25}
+
+_ESP32P4_STRAPPING_PINS = {34, 35, 36, 37, 38}
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+    if value < 0 or value > 54:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-54)")
+    if value in _ESP32P4_STRAPPING_PINS:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "GPIO%d is a Strapping PIN and should be avoided.\n"
+            "Attaching external pullup/down resistors to strapping pins can cause unexpected failures.\n"
+            "See https://esphome.io/guides/faq.html#why-am-i-getting-a-warning-about-strapping-pins",
+            value,
+        )
+    if value in _ESP32P4_USB_JTAG_PINS:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "GPIO%d is reserved for the USB-Serial-JTAG interface.\n"
+            "To use this pin as GPIO, USB-Serial-JTAG will be disabled.",
+            value,
+        )
+
+    return value
+
+
+def esp32_p4_validate_supports(value):
+    num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
+    mode = value[CONF_MODE]
+    is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
+
+    if num < 0 or num > 54:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-54)")
+    if is_input:
+        # All ESP32 pins support input mode
+        pass
+    return value

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include "ble_uuid.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble {
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ void BLEAdvertising::loop() {
   if (this->raw_advertisements_callbacks_.empty()) {
     return;
   }
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_advertisement_time_ > this->advertising_cycle_time_) {
     this->stop();
     this->current_adv_index_ += 1;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 import logging
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg

esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_component(
             name="esp32-camera",
             repo="https://github.com/espressif/esp32-camera.git",
-            ref="v2.0.9",
+            ref="v2.0.15",
         )
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STREAM_START, []):

esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esp32_camera.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
@@ -54,11 +55,7 @@ void ESP32Camera::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  HREF Pin: %d", conf.pin_href);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pixel Clock Pin: %d", conf.pin_pclk);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  External Clock: Pin:%d Frequency:%u", conf.pin_xclk, conf.xclk_freq_hz);
-#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF  // Temporary until the espressif/esp32-camera library is updated
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  I2C Pins: SDA:%d SCL:%d", conf.pin_sscb_sda, conf.pin_sscb_scl);
-#else
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  I2C Pins: SDA:%d SCL:%d", conf.pin_sccb_sda, conf.pin_sccb_scl);
-#endif
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Reset Pin: %d", conf.pin_reset);
   switch (this->config_.frame_size) {
     case FRAMESIZE_QQVGA:
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ void ESP32Camera::loop() {
   }
 
   // request idle image every idle_update_interval
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (this->idle_update_interval_ != 0 && now - this->last_idle_request_ > this->idle_update_interval_) {
     this->last_idle_request_ = now;
     this->request_image(IDLE);
@@ -238,13 +235,8 @@ void ESP32Camera::set_external_clock(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency) {
   this->config_.xclk_freq_hz = frequency;
 }
 void ESP32Camera::set_i2c_pins(uint8_t sda, uint8_t scl) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF  // Temporary until the espressif/esp32-camera library is updated
-  this->config_.pin_sscb_sda = sda;
-  this->config_.pin_sscb_scl = scl;
-#else
   this->config_.pin_sccb_sda = sda;
   this->config_.pin_sccb_scl = scl;
-#endif
 }
 void ESP32Camera::set_reset_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->config_.pin_reset = pin; }
 void ESP32Camera::set_power_down_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->config_.pin_pwdn = pin; }

esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class CameraImageReader {
 };
 
 /* ---------------- ESP32Camera class ---------------- */
-class ESP32Camera : public Component, public EntityBase {
+class ESP32Camera : public EntityBase, public Component {
  public:
   ESP32Camera();
 

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
 
   if (!this->incoming_data_.empty())
     this->process_incoming_data_();
-  uint32_t now = millis();
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   switch (this->state_) {
     case improv::STATE_STOPPED:

esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp

@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ uint32_t ESP32TouchComponent::component_touch_pad_read(touch_pad_t tp) {
 }
 
 void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   bool should_print = this->setup_mode_ && now - this->setup_mode_last_log_print_ > 250;
   for (auto *child : this->children_) {
     child->value_ = this->component_touch_pad_read(child->get_touch_pad());

esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_() {
   int err = client_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &enable, sizeof(int));
   if (err != 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket could not enable TCP nodelay, errno %d", errno);
+    client_->close();
+    client_ = nullptr;
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void EthernetComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   switch (this->state_) {
     case EthernetComponentState::STOPPED:

esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "feedback_cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace feedback {
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ void FeedbackCover::set_open_obstacle_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *open_o
 void FeedbackCover::loop() {
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE)
     return;
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   // Recompute position every loop cycle
   this->recompute_position_();

esphome/components/fujitsu_general/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -10,13 +8,8 @@ FujitsuGeneralClimate = fujitsu_general_ns.class_(
     "FujitsuGeneralClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(FujitsuGeneralClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(FujitsuGeneralClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 #include "gcja5.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "gcja5";
 void GCJA5Component::setup() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up gcja5..."); }
 
 void GCJA5Component::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 500) {
     // last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.
     this->rx_message_.clear();

esphome/components/gps/__init__.py

@@ -9,23 +9,32 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_LONGITUDE,
     CONF_SATELLITES,
     CONF_SPEED,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_SPEED,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
 
+CONF_GPS_ID = "gps_id"
+CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
+
+ICON_ALTIMETER = "mdi:altimeter"
+ICON_COMPASS = "mdi:compass"
+ICON_LATITUDE = "mdi:latitude"
+ICON_LONGITUDE = "mdi:longitude"
+ICON_SATELLITE = "mdi:satellite-variant"
+ICON_SPEEDOMETER = "mdi:speedometer"
+
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@coogle"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@coogle", "@ximex"]
 
 gps_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("gps")
 GPS = gps_ns.class_("GPS", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 GPSListener = gps_ns.class_("GPSListener")
 
-CONF_GPS_ID = "gps_id"
-CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
@@ -33,25 +42,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GPS),
             cv.Optional(CONF_LATITUDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
+                icon=ICON_LATITUDE,
                 accuracy_decimals=6,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_LONGITUDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
+                icon=ICON_LONGITUDE,
                 accuracy_decimals=6,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SPEED): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
+                icon=ICON_SPEEDOMETER,
                 accuracy_decimals=3,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SPEED,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_COURSE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
+                icon=ICON_COMPASS,
                 accuracy_decimals=2,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALTITUDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
+                icon=ICON_ALTIMETER,
                 accuracy_decimals=2,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SATELLITES): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                icon=ICON_SATELLITE,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
@@ -73,28 +94,28 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_LATITUDE in config:
+    if latitude_config := config.get(CONF_LATITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_LATITUDE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(latitude_config)
         cg.add(var.set_latitude_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_LONGITUDE in config:
+    if longitude_config := config.get(CONF_LONGITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_LONGITUDE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(longitude_config)
         cg.add(var.set_longitude_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_SPEED in config:
+    if speed_config := config.get(CONF_SPEED):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_SPEED])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(speed_config)
         cg.add(var.set_speed_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_COURSE in config:
+    if course_config := config.get(CONF_COURSE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_COURSE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(course_config)
         cg.add(var.set_course_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_ALTITUDE in config:
+    if altitude_config := config.get(CONF_ALTITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_ALTITUDE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(altitude_config)
         cg.add(var.set_altitude_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_SATELLITES in config:
+    if satellites_config := config.get(CONF_SATELLITES):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_SATELLITES])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(satellites_config)
         cg.add(var.set_satellites_sensor(sens))
 
     if hdop_config := config.get(CONF_HDOP):
@@ -102,4 +123,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_hdop_sensor(sens))
 
     # https://platformio.org/lib/show/1655/TinyGPSPlus
-    cg.add_library("mikalhart/TinyGPSPlus", "1.0.2")
+    cg.add_library("mikalhart/TinyGPSPlus", "1.1.0")

esphome/components/gps/gps.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,17 @@ static const char *const TAG = "gps";
 
 TinyGPSPlus &GPSListener::get_tiny_gps() { return this->parent_->get_tiny_gps(); }
 
+void GPS::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "GPS:");
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Latitude", this->latitude_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Longitude", this->longitude_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Speed", this->speed_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Course", this->course_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Altitude", this->altitude_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Satellites", this->satellites_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "HDOP", this->hdop_sensor_);
+}
+
 void GPS::update() {
   if (this->latitude_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->latitude_sensor_->publish_state(this->latitude_);
@@ -34,40 +45,45 @@ void GPS::update() {
 }
 
 void GPS::loop() {
-  while (this->available() && !this->has_time_) {
+  while (this->available() > 0 && !this->has_time_) {
     if (this->tiny_gps_.encode(this->read())) {
-      if (tiny_gps_.location.isUpdated()) {
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.location.isUpdated()) {
-        this->latitude_ = tiny_gps_.location.lat();
+        this->latitude_ = this->tiny_gps_.location.lat();
-        this->longitude_ = tiny_gps_.location.lng();
+        this->longitude_ = this->tiny_gps_.location.lng();
 
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Location:");
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Lat: %f", this->latitude_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Lat: %.6f °", this->latitude_);
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Lon: %f", this->longitude_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Lon: %.6f °", this->longitude_);
       }
 
-      if (tiny_gps_.speed.isUpdated()) {
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.speed.isUpdated()) {
-        this->speed_ = tiny_gps_.speed.kmph();
+        this->speed_ = this->tiny_gps_.speed.kmph();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Speed: %.3f km/h", this->speed_);
       }
-      if (tiny_gps_.course.isUpdated()) {
+
-        this->course_ = tiny_gps_.course.deg();
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.course.isUpdated()) {
+        this->course_ = this->tiny_gps_.course.deg();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Course: %.2f °", this->course_);
       }
-      if (tiny_gps_.altitude.isUpdated()) {
+
-        this->altitude_ = tiny_gps_.altitude.meters();
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.altitude.isUpdated()) {
+        this->altitude_ = this->tiny_gps_.altitude.meters();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Altitude: %.2f m", this->altitude_);
       }
-      if (tiny_gps_.satellites.isUpdated()) {
+
-        this->satellites_ = tiny_gps_.satellites.value();
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.satellites.isUpdated()) {
+        this->satellites_ = this->tiny_gps_.satellites.value();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Satellites: %d", this->satellites_);
       }
-      if (tiny_gps_.hdop.isUpdated()) {
+
-        this->hdop_ = tiny_gps_.hdop.hdop();
+      if (this->tiny_gps_.hdop.isUpdated()) {
+        this->hdop_ = this->tiny_gps_.hdop.hdop();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "HDOP: %.3f", this->hdop_);
       }
 
-      for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)
+      for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
         listener->on_update(this->tiny_gps_);
+      }
     }
   }
 }

esphome/components/gps/gps.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include <TinyGPS++.h>
+#include <TinyGPSPlus.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ class GPSListener {
 
 class GPS : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
-  void set_latitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *latitude_sensor) { latitude_sensor_ = latitude_sensor; }
+  void set_latitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *latitude_sensor) { this->latitude_sensor_ = latitude_sensor; }
-  void set_longitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *longitude_sensor) { longitude_sensor_ = longitude_sensor; }
+  void set_longitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *longitude_sensor) { this->longitude_sensor_ = longitude_sensor; }
-  void set_speed_sensor(sensor::Sensor *speed_sensor) { speed_sensor_ = speed_sensor; }
+  void set_speed_sensor(sensor::Sensor *speed_sensor) { this->speed_sensor_ = speed_sensor; }
-  void set_course_sensor(sensor::Sensor *course_sensor) { course_sensor_ = course_sensor; }
+  void set_course_sensor(sensor::Sensor *course_sensor) { this->course_sensor_ = course_sensor; }
-  void set_altitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *altitude_sensor) { altitude_sensor_ = altitude_sensor; }
+  void set_altitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *altitude_sensor) { this->altitude_sensor_ = altitude_sensor; }
-  void set_satellites_sensor(sensor::Sensor *satellites_sensor) { satellites_sensor_ = satellites_sensor; }
+  void set_satellites_sensor(sensor::Sensor *satellites_sensor) { this->satellites_sensor_ = satellites_sensor; }
-  void set_hdop_sensor(sensor::Sensor *hdop_sensor) { hdop_sensor_ = hdop_sensor; }
+  void set_hdop_sensor(sensor::Sensor *hdop_sensor) { this->hdop_sensor_ = hdop_sensor; }
 
   void register_listener(GPSListener *listener) {
     listener->parent_ = this;
@@ -41,19 +41,20 @@ class GPS : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
+  void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   void update() override;
 
   TinyGPSPlus &get_tiny_gps() { return this->tiny_gps_; }
 
  protected:
-  float latitude_ = NAN;
+  float latitude_{NAN};
-  float longitude_ = NAN;
+  float longitude_{NAN};
-  float speed_ = NAN;
+  float speed_{NAN};
-  float course_ = NAN;
+  float course_{NAN};
-  float altitude_ = NAN;
+  float altitude_{NAN};
-  int satellites_ = 0;
+  uint16_t satellites_{0};
-  double hdop_ = NAN;
+  float hdop_{NAN};
 
   sensor::Sensor *latitude_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *longitude_sensor_{nullptr};

esphome/components/gree/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.const import CONF_MODEL
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@orestismers"]
 
@@ -21,16 +21,13 @@ MODELS = {
     "yag": Model.GREE_YAG,
 }
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(GreeClimate).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GreeClimate),
         cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.enum(MODELS),
     }
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
-
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "growatt_solar.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace growatt_solar {
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ void GrowattSolar::loop() {
 
 void GrowattSolar::update() {
   // If our last send has had no reply yet, and it wasn't that long ago, do nothing.
-  uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_send_ < this->get_update_interval() / 2) {
     return;
   }

esphome/components/haier/climate.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VISUAL,
     CONF_WIFI,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -185,42 +186,46 @@ def validate_visual(config):
     return config
 
 
-BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+def _base_config_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    return (
-        {
+        climate.climate_schema(class_)
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES): cv.ensure_list(
+        .extend(
-                cv.enum(SUPPORTED_CLIMATE_MODES_OPTIONS, upper=True)
+            {
-            ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES): cv.ensure_list(
-            cv.Optional(
+                    cv.enum(SUPPORTED_CLIMATE_MODES_OPTIONS, upper=True)
-                CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES,
+                ),
-                default=[
+                cv.Optional(
-                    "VERTICAL",
+                    CONF_SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES,
-                    "HORIZONTAL",
+                    default=[
-                    "BOTH",
+                        "VERTICAL",
-                ],
+                        "HORIZONTAL",
-            ): cv.ensure_list(cv.enum(SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES_OPTIONS, upper=True)),
+                        "BOTH",
-            cv.Optional(CONF_WIFI_SIGNAL, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                    ],
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY): cv.boolean,
+                ): cv.ensure_list(cv.enum(SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES_OPTIONS, upper=True)),
-            cv.Optional(
+                cv.Optional(CONF_WIFI_SIGNAL, default=False): cv.boolean,
-                CONF_ANSWER_TIMEOUT,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY): cv.boolean,
-            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                cv.Optional(
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATUS_MESSAGE): automation.validate_automation(
+                    CONF_ANSWER_TIMEOUT,
-                {
+                ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(StatusMessageTrigger),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATUS_MESSAGE): automation.validate_automation(
-                }
+                    {
-            ),
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-        }
+                            StatusMessageTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     )
-    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.typed_schema(
         {
-            PROTOCOL_SMARTAIR2: BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
+            PROTOCOL_SMARTAIR2: _base_config_schema(Smartair2Climate).extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Smartair2Climate),
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_ALTERNATIVE_SWING_CONTROL, default=False
                     ): cv.boolean,
@@ -232,9 +237,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     ),
                 }
             ),
-            PROTOCOL_HON: BASE_CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
+            PROTOCOL_HON: _base_config_schema(HonClimate).extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HonClimate),
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_CONTROL_METHOD, default="SET_GROUP_PARAMETERS"
                     ): cv.ensure_list(
@@ -464,10 +468,9 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(haier_ns.init_haier_protocol_logging())
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_send_wifi(config[CONF_WIFI_SIGNAL]))
     if CONF_CONTROL_METHOD in config:

esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_PROTOCOL,
@@ -98,9 +97,8 @@ VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS = {
 }
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HeatpumpIRClimate).extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HeatpumpIRClimate),
             cv.Required(CONF_PROTOCOL): cv.enum(PROTOCOLS),
             cv.Required(CONF_HORIZONTAL_DEFAULT): cv.enum(HORIZONTAL_DIRECTIONS),
             cv.Required(CONF_VERTICAL_DEFAULT): cv.enum(VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS),
@@ -112,8 +110,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     if CONF_VISUAL not in config:
         config[CONF_VISUAL] = {}
     visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
@@ -121,7 +119,6 @@ def to_code(config):
         visual[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE] = config[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE]
     if CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE not in visual:
         visual[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE] = config[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE]
-    yield climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_protocol(config[CONF_PROTOCOL]))
     cg.add(var.set_horizontal_default(config[CONF_HORIZONTAL_DEFAULT]))
     cg.add(var.set_vertical_default(config[CONF_VERTICAL_DEFAULT]))

esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 hitachi_ac344_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hitachi_ac344")
 HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac344_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HitachiClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 hitachi_ac424_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hitachi_ac424")
 HitachiClimate = hitachi_ac424_ns.class_("HitachiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(HitachiClimate)
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HitachiClimate),
-    }
-)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)

esphome/components/hte501/sensor.py

@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HTE501Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_HUMIDITY in config:
+    if humidity := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_HUMIDITY])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(humidity)
         cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/hyt271/sensor.py

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HYT271Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature(sens))
 
-    if CONF_HUMIDITY in config:
+    if humidity := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_HUMIDITY])
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(humidity)
         cg.add(var.set_humidity(sens))

esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
 )
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ I2S_PORTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: 1,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: 2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: 1,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: 3,
 }
 
 i2s_channel_fmt_t = cg.global_ns.enum("i2s_channel_fmt_t")

esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "kuntze.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace kuntze {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ void Kuntze::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void Kuntze::loop() {
-  uint32_t now = millis();
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   // timeout after 15 seconds
   if (this->waiting_ && (now - this->last_send_ > 15000)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "timed out waiting for response");

esphome/components/libretiny/const.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
 )
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HARDWARE_UART,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LEVEL,
+    CONF_LOGGER,
     CONF_LOGS,
     CONF_ON_MESSAGE,
     CONF_TAG,
@@ -87,8 +90,10 @@ UART_SELECTION_ESP32 = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
     VARIANT_ESP32C2: [UART0, UART1],
+    VARIANT_ESP32C5: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: [UART0, UART1, USB_CDC, USB_SERIAL_JTAG],
 }
 
 UART_SELECTION_ESP8266 = [UART0, UART0_SWAP, UART1]
@@ -204,8 +209,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 esp32_s3_idf=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
                 esp32_c3_arduino=USB_CDC,
                 esp32_c3_idf=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
+                esp32_c5_idf=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
                 esp32_c6_arduino=USB_CDC,
                 esp32_c6_idf=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
+                esp32_p4_idf=USB_SERIAL_JTAG,
                 rp2040=USB_CDC,
                 bk72xx=DEFAULT,
                 rtl87xx=DEFAULT,
@@ -247,6 +254,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 async def to_code(config):
     baud_rate = config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
+    CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
     initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
     log = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
@@ -254,6 +262,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE],
     )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
+        cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
         task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
             cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")

esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp

@@ -14,25 +14,47 @@ namespace logger {
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-// Implementation for ESP32 (multi-core with atomic support)
+// Implementation for ESP32 (multi-task platform with task-specific tracking)
-// Main thread: synchronous logging with direct buffer access
+// Main task always uses direct buffer access for console output and callbacks
-// Other threads: console output with stack buffer, callbacks via async buffer
+//
+// For non-main tasks:
+//  - WITH task log buffer: Prefer sending to ring buffer for async processing
+//    - Avoids allocating stack memory for console output in normal operation
+//    - Prevents console corruption from concurrent writes by multiple tasks
+//    - Messages are serialized through main loop for proper console output
+//    - Fallback to emergency console logging only if ring buffer is full
+//  - WITHOUT task log buffer: Only emergency console output, no callbacks
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag))
     return;
-  recursion_guard_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
   TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
+  bool is_main_task = (current_task == main_task_);
 
-  // For main task: call log_message_to_buffer_and_send_ which does console and callback logging
+  // Check and set recursion guard - uses pthread TLS for per-task state
-  if (current_task == main_task_) {
+  if (this->check_and_set_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task)) {
+    return;  // Recursion detected
+  }
+
+  // Main task uses the shared buffer for efficiency
+  if (is_main_task) {
     this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
-    recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    this->reset_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task);
     return;
   }
 
-  // For non-main tasks: use stack-allocated buffer only for console output
+  bool message_sent = false;
-  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {  // If logging is enabled, write to console
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  // For non-main tasks, queue the message for callbacks - but only if we have any callbacks registered
+  message_sent = this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag,
+                                                             static_cast<uint16_t>(line), current_task, format, args);
+#endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+
+  // Emergency console logging for non-main tasks when ring buffer is full or disabled
+  // This is a fallback mechanism to ensure critical log messages are visible
+  // Note: This may cause interleaved/corrupted console output if multiple tasks
+  // log simultaneously, but it's better than losing important messages entirely
+  if (!message_sent && this->baud_rate_ > 0) {  // If logging is enabled, write to console
     // Maximum size for console log messages (includes null terminator)
     static const size_t MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE = 144;
     char console_buffer[MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE];  // MUST be stack allocated for thread safety
@@ -42,32 +64,21 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *
     this->write_msg_(console_buffer);
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  // Reset the recursion guard for this task
-  // For non-main tasks, queue the message for callbacks - but only if we have any callbacks registered
+  this->reset_task_log_recursion_(is_main_task);
-  if (this->log_callback_.size() > 0) {
-    // This will be processed in the main loop
-    this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line),
-                                                current_task, format, args);
-  }
-#endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
-
-  recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#else
-
+// Implementation for all other platforms
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
-// Implementation for platforms that do not support atomic operations
-// or have to consider logging in other tasks
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
-  recursion_guard_ = true;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = true;
 
   // Format and send to both console and callbacks
   this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
 
-  recursion_guard_ = false;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
 #endif  // !USE_ESP32
 
@@ -76,10 +87,10 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *
 // Note: USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH is only defined for ESP8266.
 void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format,
                           va_list args) {  // NOLINT
-  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || global_recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
-  recursion_guard_ = true;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = true;
   this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0;
 
   // Copy format string from progmem
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStr
 
   // Buffer full from copying format
   if (this->tx_buffer_at_ >= this->tx_buffer_size_) {
-    recursion_guard_ = false;  // Make sure to reset the recursion guard before returning
+    global_recursion_guard_ = false;  // Make sure to reset the recursion guard before returning
     return;
   }
 
@@ -107,7 +118,7 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStr
   }
   this->call_log_callbacks_(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start);
 
-  recursion_guard_ = false;
+  global_recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
 #endif  // USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
 
@@ -179,7 +190,17 @@ void Logger::loop() {
       this->write_footer_to_buffer_(this->tx_buffer_, &this->tx_buffer_at_, this->tx_buffer_size_);
       this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_] = '\0';
       this->call_log_callbacks_(message->level, message->tag, this->tx_buffer_);
+      // At this point all the data we need from message has been transferred to the tx_buffer
+      // so we can release the message to allow other tasks to use it as soon as possible.
       this->log_buffer_->release_message_main_loop(received_token);
+
+      // Write to console from the main loop to prevent corruption from concurrent writes
+      // This ensures all log messages appear on the console in a clean, serialized manner
+      // Note: Messages may appear slightly out of order due to async processing, but
+      // this is preferred over corrupted/interleaved console output
+      if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
+        this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_);
+      }
     }
   }
 #endif

esphome/components/logger/logger.h

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <map>
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include <atomic>
+#include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -84,6 +84,23 @@ enum UARTSelection {
 };
 #endif  // USE_ESP32 || USE_ESP8266 || USE_RP2040 || USE_LIBRETINY
 
+/**
+ * @brief Logger component for all ESPHome logging.
+ *
+ * This class implements a multi-platform logging system with protection against recursion.
+ *
+ * Recursion Protection Strategy:
+ * - On ESP32: Uses task-specific recursion guards
+ *   * Main task: Uses a dedicated boolean member variable for efficiency
+ *   * Other tasks: Uses pthread TLS with a dynamically allocated key for task-specific state
+ * - On other platforms: Uses a simple global recursion guard
+ *
+ * We use pthread TLS via pthread_key_create to create a unique key for storing
+ * task-specific recursion state, which:
+ * 1. Efficiently handles multiple tasks without locks or mutexes
+ * 2. Works with ESP-IDF's pthread implementation that uses a linked list for TLS variables
+ * 3. Avoids the limitations of the fixed FreeRTOS task local storage slots
+ */
 class Logger : public Component {
  public:
   explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size);
@@ -102,6 +119,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
   uart_port_t get_uart_num() const { return uart_num_; }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  void create_pthread_key() { pthread_key_create(&log_recursion_key_, nullptr); }
+#endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   void set_uart_selection(UARTSelection uart_selection) { uart_ = uart_selection; }
   /// Get the UART used by the logger.
@@ -222,18 +242,22 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   std::map<std::string, int> log_levels_{};
   CallbackManager<void(int, const char *, const char *)> log_callback_{};
   int current_level_{ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE};
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  std::atomic<bool> recursion_guard_{false};
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   std::unique_ptr<logger::TaskLogBuffer> log_buffer_;  // Will be initialized with init_log_buffer
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Task-specific recursion guards:
+  // - Main task uses a dedicated member variable for efficiency
+  // - Other tasks use pthread TLS with a dynamically created key via pthread_key_create
+  bool main_task_recursion_guard_{false};
+  pthread_key_t log_recursion_key_;
 #else
-  bool recursion_guard_{false};
+  bool global_recursion_guard_{false};  // Simple global recursion guard for single-task platforms
 #endif
-  void *main_task_ = nullptr;
   CallbackManager<void(int)> level_callback_{};
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  void *main_task_ = nullptr;  // Only used for thread name identification
   const char *HOT get_thread_name_() {
     TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
     if (current_task == main_task_) {
@@ -248,6 +272,32 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  inline bool HOT check_and_set_task_log_recursion_(bool is_main_task) {
+    if (is_main_task) {
+      const bool was_recursive = main_task_recursion_guard_;
+      main_task_recursion_guard_ = true;
+      return was_recursive;
+    }
+
+    intptr_t current = (intptr_t) pthread_getspecific(log_recursion_key_);
+    if (current != 0)
+      return true;
+
+    pthread_setspecific(log_recursion_key_, (void *) 1);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  inline void HOT reset_task_log_recursion_(bool is_main_task) {
+    if (is_main_task) {
+      main_task_recursion_guard_ = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    pthread_setspecific(log_recursion_key_, (void *) 0);
+  }
+#endif
+
   inline void HOT write_header_to_buffer_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *thread_name, char *buffer,
                                           int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
     // Format header

esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
+#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
 
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP_IDF
 
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) {
   if (
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2)
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && !defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
       this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
+#elif defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG) && !defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
       this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
+#elif defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
       this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC || this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
 #else
       /* DISABLES CODE */ (false)  // NOLINT

esphome/components/logger/select/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_LEVEL, CONF_LOGGER, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import register_component, register_parented
 
-from .. import CONF_LOGGER_ID, LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY, Logger, logger_ns
+from .. import CONF_LOGGER_ID, LOG_LEVELS, Logger, logger_ns
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = select.select_schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    levels = LOG_LEVEL_SEVERITY
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
-    index = levels.index(CORE.config[CONF_LOGGER][CONF_LEVEL])
+    levels = list(LOG_LEVELS)
+    index = levels.index(CORE.data[CONF_LOGGER][CONF_LEVEL])
     levels = levels[: index + 1]
     var = await select.new_select(config, options=levels)
-    await register_parented(var, config[CONF_LOGGER_ID])
+    await register_parented(var, parent)
     await register_component(var, config)