Conditionally compile API user services to save 4.3KB flash (follow-up to #9262) (#9451)

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
-from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 
+DOMAIN = "api"
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES = {
 }
 CONF_ENCRYPTION = "encryption"
 CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
+CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES = "custom_services"
 
 
 def validate_encryption_key(value):
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=65535)),
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CLIENT_CONNECTED): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
@@ -139,8 +142,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_reboot_timeout(config[CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_batch_delay(config[CONF_BATCH_DELAY]))
 
+    # Set USE_API_SERVICES if any services are enabled
+    if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
+        cg.add_define("USE_API_SERVICES")
+
     if actions := config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, []):
-        cg.add_define("USE_API_YAML_SERVICES")
         for conf in actions:
             template_args = []
             func_args = []
@@ -317,7 +323,10 @@ async def api_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
-    """Filter out api_pb2_dump.cpp when proto message dumping is not enabled."""
+    """Filter out api_pb2_dump.cpp when proto message dumping is not enabled
+    and user_services.cpp when no services are defined."""
+    files_to_filter = []
+
     # api_pb2_dump.cpp is only needed when HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP is defined
     # This is a particularly large file that still needs to be opened and read
     # all the way to the end even when ifdef'd out
@@ -325,6 +334,11 @@ def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
     # HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP is defined when ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE is set,
     # which happens when the logger level is VERY_VERBOSE
     if get_logger_level() != "VERY_VERBOSE":
-        return ["api_pb2_dump.cpp"]
+        files_to_filter.append("api_pb2_dump.cpp")
 
-    return []
+    # user_services.cpp is only needed when services are defined
+    config = CORE.config.get(DOMAIN, {})
+    if config and not config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) and not config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
+        files_to_filter.append("user_services.cpp")
+
+    return files_to_filter

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -807,18 +807,21 @@ enum ServiceArgType {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7;
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
   string name = 1;
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
 
   string name = 1;
   fixed32 key = 2;
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3;
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
   bool bool_ = 1;
   int32 legacy_int = 2;
   float float_ = 3;
@@ -834,6 +837,7 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (id) = 42;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
   repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1551,6 +1551,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateRes
     }
   }
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   bool found = false;
   for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
@@ -1562,6 +1563,7 @@ void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Could not find service");
   }
 }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse APIConnection::noise_encryption_set_key(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) {
   psk_t psk{};

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
     // TODO
     return {};
   }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse noise_encryption_set_key(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -2051,6 +2051,7 @@ void GetTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_fixe
 void GetTimeResponse::calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const {
   ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->epoch_seconds != 0);
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 bool ListEntitiesServicesArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2: {
@@ -2245,6 +2246,7 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const {
   ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->key != 0);
   ProtoSize::add_repeated_message(total_size, 1, this->args);
 }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 bool ListEntitiesCameraResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ enum LogLevel : uint32_t {
   LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE = 6,
   LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE = 7,
 };
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL = 0,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT = 1,
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY = 6,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7,
 };
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 enum ClimateMode : uint32_t {
   CLIMATE_MODE_OFF = 0,
@@ -1203,6 +1205,7 @@ class GetTimeResponse : public ProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
 };
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 class ListEntitiesServicesArgument : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   std::string name{};
@@ -1278,6 +1281,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest : public ProtoMessage {
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
 };
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 class ListEntitiesCameraResponse : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  public:

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::LogLevel>(enums::LogLevel val
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::ServiceArgType value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL:
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::Servic
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ClimateMode>(enums::ClimateMode value) {
   switch (value) {
@@ -1811,6 +1813,7 @@ void GetTimeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   out.append("\n");
   out.append("}");
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   __attribute__((unused)) char buffer[64];
   out.append("ListEntitiesServicesArgument {\n");
@@ -1910,6 +1913,7 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   }
   out.append("}");
 }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   __attribute__((unused)) char buffer[64];

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_home_assistant_state_response(msg);
       break;
     }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
     case 42: {
       ExecuteServiceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -204,6 +205,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_execute_service_request(msg);
       break;
     }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
     case 45: {
       CameraImageRequest msg;
@@ -660,11 +662,13 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &msg) {
     }
   }
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
     this->execute_service(msg);
   }
 }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 void APIServerConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) {
   if (this->check_authenticated_()) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
   virtual void on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &value){};
   virtual void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
 
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &value){};
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   virtual void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &value){};
@@ -216,7 +218,9 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   virtual void subscribe_homeassistant_services(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual GetTimeResponse get_time(const GetTimeRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   virtual NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse noise_encryption_set_key(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
@@ -333,7 +337,9 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) override;
   void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
   void on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -24,14 +24,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api";
 // APIServer
 APIServer *global_api_server = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-#ifndef USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
-// Global empty vector to avoid guard variables (saves 8 bytes)
-// This is initialized at program startup before any threads
-static const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> empty_user_services{};
-
-const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_empty_user_services_instance() { return empty_user_services; }
-#endif
-
 APIServer::APIServer() {
   global_api_server = this;
   // Pre-allocate shared write buffer

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "list_entities.h"
 #include "subscribe_state.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 #include "user_services.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -25,11 +27,6 @@ struct SavedNoisePsk {
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-#ifndef USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
-// Forward declaration of helper function
-const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_empty_user_services_instance();
-#endif
-
 class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
  public:
   APIServer();
@@ -112,18 +109,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void on_media_player_update(media_player::MediaPlayer *obj) override;
 #endif
   void send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call);
-  void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) {
-#ifdef USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
-    // Vector is pre-allocated when services are defined in YAML
-    this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor);
-#else
-    // Lazy allocate vector on first use for CustomAPIDevice
-    if (!this->user_services_) {
-      this->user_services_ = std::make_unique<std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *>>();
-    }
-    this->user_services_->push_back(descriptor);
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+  void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) { this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor); }
 #endif
-  }
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   void request_time();
 #endif
@@ -152,17 +140,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                 std::function<void(std::string)> f);
   const std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &get_state_subs() const;
-  const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_user_services() const {
-#ifdef USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
-    return this->user_services_;
-#else
-    if (this->user_services_) {
-      return *this->user_services_;
-    }
-    // Return reference to global empty instance (no guard needed)
-    return get_empty_user_services_instance();
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+  const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_user_services() const { return this->user_services_; }
 #endif
-  }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
   Trigger<std::string, std::string> *get_client_connected_trigger() const { return this->client_connected_trigger_; }
@@ -194,14 +174,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #endif
   std::vector<uint8_t> shared_write_buffer_;  // Shared proto write buffer for all connections
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;
-#ifdef USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
-  // When services are defined in YAML, we know at compile time that services will be registered
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> user_services_;
-#else
-  // Services can still be registered at runtime by CustomAPIDevice components even when not
-  // defined in YAML. Using unique_ptr allows lazy allocation, saving 12 bytes in the common
-  // case where no services (YAML or custom) are used.
-  std::unique_ptr<std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *>> user_services_;
 #endif
 
   // Group smaller types together

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 #include <map>
 #include "api_server.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 #include "user_services.h"
+#endif
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserServiceBase<Ts...> {
  public:
   CustomAPIDeviceService(const std::string &name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names, T *obj,
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserS
   T *obj_;
   void (T::*callback_)(Ts...);
 };
+#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES
 
 class CustomAPIDevice {
  public:
@@ -46,12 +50,14 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param name The name of the service to register.
    * @param arg_names The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   template<typename T, typename... Ts>
   void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
                         const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T, Ts...>(name, arg_names, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#endif
 
   /** Register a custom native API service that will show up in Home Assistant.
    *
@@ -71,10 +77,12 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param callback The member function to call when the service is triggered.
    * @param name The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#endif
 
   /** Subscribe to the state (or attribute state) of an entity from Home Assistant.
    *

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -83,10 +83,12 @@ bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_end() { return this->client_->send_list_info_done(
 
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(client) {}
 
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
   auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
   return this->client_->send_message(resp);
 }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace api
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/api/list_entities.h

@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool on_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *entity) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   bool on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   bool on_camera(camera::Camera *entity) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
@@ -73,3 +74,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger : public UserServiceBase<Ts...
 
 }  // namespace api
 }  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES

esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 #include "esphome/components/api/user_services.h"
 #endif
 
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
       }
       break;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
     case IteratorState ::SERVICE:
       if (this->at_ >= api::global_api_server->get_user_services().size()) {
         advance_platform = true;
@@ -383,7 +385,7 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
 }
 bool ComponentIterator::on_end() { return true; }
 bool ComponentIterator::on_begin() { return true; }
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 bool ComponentIterator::on_service(api::UserServiceDescriptor *service) { return true; }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/core/component_iterator.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 namespace api {
 class UserServiceDescriptor;
 }  // namespace api
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   virtual bool on_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual bool on_service(api::UserServiceDescriptor *service);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
     TEXT_SENSOR,
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
     SERVICE,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 #define USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
 #define USE_API_NOISE
 #define USE_API_PLAINTEXT
-#define USE_API_YAML_SERVICES
+#define USE_API_SERVICES
 #define USE_MD5
 #define USE_MQTT
 #define USE_NETWORK

tests/integration/fixtures/api_custom_services.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-custom-services-test
+host:
+
+# This is required for CustomAPIDevice to work
+api:
+  custom_services: true
+  # Also test that YAML services still work
+  actions:
+    - action: test_yaml_service
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "YAML service called"
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+# External component that uses CustomAPIDevice
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [custom_api_device_component]
+
+custom_api_device_component:

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/custom_api_device_component/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+custom_api_device_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("custom_api_device_component")
+CustomAPIDeviceComponent = custom_api_device_component_ns.class_(
+    "CustomAPIDeviceComponent", cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CustomAPIDeviceComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/custom_api_device_component/custom_api_device_component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "custom_api_device_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+namespace esphome {
+namespace custom_api_device_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "custom_api";
+
+void CustomAPIDeviceComponent::setup() {
+  // Register services using CustomAPIDevice
+  register_service(&CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_test_service, "custom_test_service");
+
+  register_service(&CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_service_with_args, "custom_service_with_args",
+                   {"arg_string", "arg_int", "arg_bool", "arg_float"});
+
+  // Test array types
+  register_service(&CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_service_with_arrays, "custom_service_with_arrays",
+                   {"bool_array", "int_array", "float_array", "string_array"});
+}
+
+void CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_test_service() { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom test service called!"); }
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+void CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_service_with_args(std::string arg_string, int32_t arg_int, bool arg_bool,
+                                                    float arg_float) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom service called with: %s, %d, %d, %.2f", arg_string.c_str(), arg_int, arg_bool, arg_float);
+}
+
+void CustomAPIDeviceComponent::on_service_with_arrays(std::vector<bool> bool_array, std::vector<int32_t> int_array,
+                                                      std::vector<float> float_array,
+                                                      std::vector<std::string> string_array) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Array service called with %zu bools, %zu ints, %zu floats, %zu strings", bool_array.size(),
+           int_array.size(), float_array.size(), string_array.size());
+
+  // Log first element of each array if not empty
+  if (!bool_array.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "First bool: %s", bool_array[0] ? "true" : "false");
+  }
+  if (!int_array.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "First int: %d", int_array[0]);
+  }
+  if (!float_array.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "First float: %.2f", float_array[0]);
+  }
+  if (!string_array.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "First string: %s", string_array[0].c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace custom_api_device_component
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_API

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/custom_api_device_component/custom_api_device_component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+namespace esphome {
+namespace custom_api_device_component {
+
+using namespace api;
+
+class CustomAPIDeviceComponent : public Component, public CustomAPIDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+
+  void on_test_service();
+
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(performance-unnecessary-value-param)
+  void on_service_with_args(std::string arg_string, int32_t arg_int, bool arg_bool, float arg_float);
+
+  void on_service_with_arrays(std::vector<bool> bool_array, std::vector<int32_t> int_array,
+                              std::vector<float> float_array, std::vector<std::string> string_array);
+};
+
+}  // namespace custom_api_device_component
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif  // USE_API

tests/integration/test_api_custom_services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Integration test for API custom services using CustomAPIDevice."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from aioesphomeapi import UserService, UserServiceArgType
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_custom_services(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test CustomAPIDevice services work correctly with custom_services: true."""
+    # Get the path to the external components directory
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+
+    # Replace the placeholder in the YAML config with the actual path
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track log messages
+    yaml_service_future = loop.create_future()
+    custom_service_future = loop.create_future()
+    custom_args_future = loop.create_future()
+    custom_arrays_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Patterns to match in logs
+    yaml_service_pattern = re.compile(r"YAML service called")
+    custom_service_pattern = re.compile(r"Custom test service called!")
+    custom_args_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"Custom service called with: test_string, 456, 1, 78\.90"
+    )
+    custom_arrays_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"Array service called with 2 bools, 3 ints, 2 floats, 2 strings"
+    )
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for expected messages."""
+        if not yaml_service_future.done() and yaml_service_pattern.search(line):
+            yaml_service_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not custom_service_future.done() and custom_service_pattern.search(line):
+            custom_service_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not custom_args_future.done() and custom_args_pattern.search(line):
+            custom_args_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not custom_arrays_future.done() and custom_arrays_pattern.search(line):
+            custom_arrays_future.set_result(True)
+
+    # Run with log monitoring
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output):
+        async with api_client_connected() as client:
+            # Verify device info
+            device_info = await client.device_info()
+            assert device_info is not None
+            assert device_info.name == "api-custom-services-test"
+
+            # List services
+            _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+            # Should have 4 services: 1 YAML + 3 CustomAPIDevice
+            assert len(services) == 4, f"Expected 4 services, found {len(services)}"
+
+            # Find our services
+            yaml_service: UserService | None = None
+            custom_service: UserService | None = None
+            custom_args_service: UserService | None = None
+            custom_arrays_service: UserService | None = None
+
+            for service in services:
+                if service.name == "test_yaml_service":
+                    yaml_service = service
+                elif service.name == "custom_test_service":
+                    custom_service = service
+                elif service.name == "custom_service_with_args":
+                    custom_args_service = service
+                elif service.name == "custom_service_with_arrays":
+                    custom_arrays_service = service
+
+            assert yaml_service is not None, "test_yaml_service not found"
+            assert custom_service is not None, "custom_test_service not found"
+            assert custom_args_service is not None, "custom_service_with_args not found"
+            assert custom_arrays_service is not None, (
+                "custom_service_with_arrays not found"
+            )
+
+            # Test YAML service
+            client.execute_service(yaml_service, {})
+            await asyncio.wait_for(yaml_service_future, timeout=5.0)
+
+            # Test simple CustomAPIDevice service
+            client.execute_service(custom_service, {})
+            await asyncio.wait_for(custom_service_future, timeout=5.0)
+
+            # Verify custom_args_service arguments
+            assert len(custom_args_service.args) == 4
+            arg_types = {arg.name: arg.type for arg in custom_args_service.args}
+            assert arg_types["arg_string"] == UserServiceArgType.STRING
+            assert arg_types["arg_int"] == UserServiceArgType.INT
+            assert arg_types["arg_bool"] == UserServiceArgType.BOOL
+            assert arg_types["arg_float"] == UserServiceArgType.FLOAT
+
+            # Test CustomAPIDevice service with arguments
+            client.execute_service(
+                custom_args_service,
+                {
+                    "arg_string": "test_string",
+                    "arg_int": 456,
+                    "arg_bool": True,
+                    "arg_float": 78.9,
+                },
+            )
+            await asyncio.wait_for(custom_args_future, timeout=5.0)
+
+            # Verify array service arguments
+            assert len(custom_arrays_service.args) == 4
+            array_arg_types = {arg.name: arg.type for arg in custom_arrays_service.args}
+            assert array_arg_types["bool_array"] == UserServiceArgType.BOOL_ARRAY
+            assert array_arg_types["int_array"] == UserServiceArgType.INT_ARRAY
+            assert array_arg_types["float_array"] == UserServiceArgType.FLOAT_ARRAY
+            assert array_arg_types["string_array"] == UserServiceArgType.STRING_ARRAY
+
+            # Test CustomAPIDevice service with arrays
+            client.execute_service(
+                custom_arrays_service,
+                {
+                    "bool_array": [True, False],
+                    "int_array": [1, 2, 3],
+                    "float_array": [1.1, 2.2],
+                    "string_array": ["hello", "world"],
+                },
+            )
+            await asyncio.wait_for(custom_arrays_future, timeout=5.0)