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Add a short introduction to ZHA (#24494)

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Co-authored-by: Franck Nijhof <frenck@frenck.nl>
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@ -67,6 +67,18 @@ There is currently support for the following device types within Home Assistant:
There is also support for grouping of lights, switches, and fans (i.e. support for commanding device groups as entities). At least two entities must be added to a group before the group entity is created. As well as support for binding/unbinding (i.e. bind a remote to a lightbulb or group).
## Introduction
ZHA integration is a Zigbee gateway implementation that follows the standard Zigbee 3.0 specification (and earlier revisions). In Zigbee, there are three different device types: Zigbee Coordinator (ZC), Zigbee Router (ZR), and Zigbee End Device (ZED). A Zigbee network always has one (and no more) Zigbee Coordinator, however, a Zigbee network can have multiple Zigbee Routers and multiple Zigbee End Devices.
A Zigbee Coordinator is the central device in a Zigbee network that manages and controls the network. It acts as a physical interface for the Zigbee wireless protocol, as well as being responsible for maintaining the Zigbee network topology and ensuring secure and efficient communication between Zigbee devices. Zigbee Router devices are mains-powered and will act as Zigbee signal repeaters within the Zigbee network mesh to extend its range and improve coverage, while Zigbee End Device devices are usually battery-operated sensors that will not act as Zigbee signal repeaters.
In the case of ZHA, the Zigbee Coordinator is a radio adapter or hardware module, that contains a microcontroller that runs the Zigbee protocol stack which the ZHA integration uses to manage and communicate with a Zigbee network and its devices.
Before installing the ZHA integration, you will need to buy and connect a Zigbee Coordinator radio adapter or hardware module, those usually come in the form of a USB dongle that plugs directly into the computer that is running the Home Assistant installation. The ZHA integration can work with many different "Zigbee Coordinator" adapters, however, be sure to read the respective sections below about compatible Zigbee radio adapters and hardware modules.
Once ZHA has been set up and the Zigbee Coordinator radio adapter or module is configured, you will be able to directly join/pair any Zigbee device to the Zigbee network; regardless of the manufacturer and brand of that Zigbee-based product. Note, that while it is generally recommended to buy Zigbee 3.0 compliant devices as those should, in theory, offer greater interoperability, be sure of the sections about which devices are supported and exception handling.
## Compatible hardware
ZHA integration uses a hardware independent Zigbee stack implementation with modular design, which means that it can support any one of the many Zigbee coordinator radio modules/adapters available from different manufacturers, as long as that module/adapter is compatible with [zigpy](https://github.com/zigpy/zigpy).
@ -424,7 +436,15 @@ Within ZHA is possible to use this backup and restore feature to migrate between
## Troubleshooting
To help resolve any kinks or compatibility problems, report bugs as issues with debug logs. Please follow the instructions in this troubleshooting section.
To help resolve any kinks or compatibility problems, report bugs as issues with debug logs. Please note the current limitations and follow the instructions in this troubleshooting section.
### Limitations
Note that ZHA only supports connecting a single dedicated Zigbee Coordinator radio adapter or module with a single Zigbee network and that the Zigbee Coordinator cannot already be connected or used by any other application. Any devices that are or have previously been connected to another Zigbee implementation will also need to first be reset to their factory default settings before they can be paired/joined to ZHA, please see each device manufacturer's documentation.
ZHA does currently not support devices that can only use the ZGP ("Zigbee Green Power") profile which is used in a few batteryless self-powered or energy harvesting devices, (such as for example; Philips Hue Click, Philips Hue Tap, and some "Friends of Hue" partnership switches).
ZHA does not currently support devices that can only use the ZSE ("Zigbee Smart Energy") profile, that is however due to the "Zigbee SE" specification not being part of the standard Zigbee 3.0 specification and thus not implemented in most of the Zigbee protocol stacks that are commonly available Zigbee Coordinator radio adapters and modules.
### Knowing which devices are supported