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Update style
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Fabian Affolter
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@ -17,16 +17,9 @@ This is an advanced feature of Home Assistant. You'll need a basic understanding
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Templating is a powerful feature in Home Assistant that allows the user control over information that is going into and out of the system. It is used for:
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- Formatting outgoing messages in, for example, the [notify] and [alexa] components.
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- Process incoming data from sources that provide raw data, like [MQTT], [REST sensor], or the [command line sensor].
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- [Automation Templating].
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[notify]: /components/notify/
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[alexa]: /components/alexa/
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[MQTT]: /components/mqtt/
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[REST sensor]: /components/sensor.rest/
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[command line sensor]: /components/sensor.command_line/
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[Automation Templating]: /docs/automation/templating/
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- Formatting outgoing messages in, for example, the [notify](/components/notify/) platforms and [alexa](/components/alexa/) component.
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- Process incoming data from sources that provide raw data, like [MQTT](/components/mqtt/), [`rest` sensor](/components/sensor.rest/) or the [`command_line` sensor](/components/sensor.command_line/).
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- [Automation Templating](/docs/automation/templating/).
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## {% linkable_title Building templates %}
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@ -38,6 +31,7 @@ The frontend has a template editor developer tool to help develop and debug temp
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Templates can get big pretty fast. To keep a clear overview, consider using YAML multiline strings to define your templates:
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{% raw %}
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```yaml
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script:
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msg_who_is_home:
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@ -45,12 +39,13 @@ script:
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- service: notify.notify
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data_template:
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message: >
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{% raw %}{% if is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') %}
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{% if is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') %}
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Ha, Paulus is home!
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{% else %}
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Paulus is at {{ states('device_tracker.paulus') }}.
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{% endif %}{% endraw %}
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{% endif %}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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[Jinja2](http://jinja.pocoo.org/) supports a wide variety of operations:
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@ -117,43 +112,51 @@ In templates, besides the normal [state object methods and properties](/topics/s
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## {% linkable_title Examples %}
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### {% linkable_title States %}
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The next two statements result in same value if state exists. The second one will result in an error if state does not exist.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}{{ states('device_tracker.paulus') }}
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{{ states.device_tracker.paulus.state }}{% endraw %}
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{{ states('device_tracker.paulus') }}
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{{ states.device_tracker.paulus.state }}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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### {% linkable_title Attributes %}
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Print an attribute if state is defined. Both will return the same thing but the last one you can specify entity_id from a variable.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}{% if states.device_tracker.paulus %}
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{% if states.device_tracker.paulus %}
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{{ states.device_tracker.paulus.attributes.battery }}
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{% else %}
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??
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{% endif %}{% endraw %}
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{% endif %}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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With strings
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}{% set tracker_name = "paulus"%}
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{% set tracker_name = "paulus"%}
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{% if states("device_tracker." + tracker_name) != "unknown" %}
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{{ state_attr("device_tracker." + tracker_name, "battery")}}
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{% else %}
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??
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{% endif %}{% endraw %}
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{% endif %}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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### {% linkable_title Sensor states %}
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Print out a list of all the sensor states.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}{% for state in states.sensor %}
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{% for state in states.sensor %}
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{{ state.entity_id }}={{ state.state }},
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{% endfor %}
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@ -173,48 +176,58 @@ Print out a list of all the sensor states.
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{{ as_timestamp(states.binary_sensor.garage_door.last_changed) }}
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{{ as_timestamp(now()) - as_timestamp(states.binary_sensor.garage_door.last_changed) }}{% endraw %}
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{{ as_timestamp(now()) - as_timestamp(states.binary_sensor.garage_door.last_changed) }}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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### {% linkable_title Distance examples %}
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If only 1 location is passed in, Home Assistant will measure the distance from home.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}Using Lat Lng coordinates: {{ distance(123.45, 123.45) }}
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Using Lat Lng coordinates: {{ distance(123.45, 123.45) }}
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Using State: {{ distance(states.device_tracker.paulus) }}
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These can also be combined in any combination:
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{{ distance(123.45, 123.45, 'device_tracker.paulus') }}
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{{ distance('device_tracker.anne_therese', 'device_tracker.paulus') }}{% endraw %}
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{{ distance('device_tracker.anne_therese', 'device_tracker.paulus') }}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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### {% linkable_title Closest examples %}
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Find entities closest to the Home Assistant location:
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}Query all entities: {{ closest(states) }}
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Query all entities: {{ closest(states) }}
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Query all entities of a specific domain: {{ closest('states.device_tracker') }}
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Query all entities in group.children: {{ closest('group.children') }}
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Query all entities in group.children: {{ closest(states.group.children) }}{% endraw %}
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Query all entities in group.children: {{ closest(states.group.children) }}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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Find entities closest to a coordinate or another entity. All previous arguments still apply for 2nd argument.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}Closest to a coordinate: {{ closest(23.456, 23.456, 'group.children') }}
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Closest to a coordinate: {{ closest(23.456, 23.456, 'group.children') }}
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Closest to an entity: {{ closest('zone.school', 'group.children') }}
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Closest to an entity: {{ closest(states.zone.school, 'group.children') }}{% endraw %}
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Closest to an entity: {{ closest(states.zone.school, 'group.children') }}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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### {% linkable_title Combined %}
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Since closest returns a state, we can combine it with distance too.
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{% raw %}
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```text
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{% raw %}{{ closest(states).name }} is {{ distance(closest(states)) }} kilometers away.{% endraw %}
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{{ closest(states).name }} is {{ distance(closest(states)) }} kilometers away.
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```
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{% endraw %}
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## {% linkable_title Processing incoming data %}
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@ -238,11 +251,13 @@ This means that if the incoming values looks like the sample below:
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The template for `on` would be:
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{% raw %}
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```yaml
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'{% raw %}{{value_json.on}}{% endraw %}'
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'{{value_json.on}}'
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```
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{% endraw %}
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Nested JSON in a response is supported as well
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Nested JSON in a response is supported as well:
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```json
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{
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@ -259,10 +274,11 @@ Nested JSON in a response is supported as well
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Just use the "Square bracket notation" to get the value.
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{% raw %}
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```yaml
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'{% raw %}{{ value_json["values"]["temp"] }}{% endraw %}'
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'{{ value_json["values"]["temp"] }}'
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```
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{% endraw %}
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The following overview contains a couple of options to get the needed values:
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@ -294,8 +310,8 @@ The following overview contains a couple of options to get the needed values:
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To evaluate a response, go to the <img src='/images/screenshots/developer-tool-templates-icon.png' alt='template developer tool icon' class="no-shadow" height="38" /> template developer tools, create your output into "Template", and check the result.
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```yaml
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{% raw %}
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```yaml
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{% set value_json=
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{"name":"Outside",
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"device":"weather-ha",
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@ -304,5 +320,6 @@ To evaluate a response, go to the <img src='/images/screenshots/developer-tool-t
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"hum":"35%"
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} }%}
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{{value_json.data.hum[:-1]}}{% endraw %}
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{{value_json.data.hum[:-1]}}
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```
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{% endraw %}
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