diff --git a/fs/ggml/ggml.go b/fs/ggml/ggml.go
index 0be69e82d..c88583fb8 100644
--- a/fs/ggml/ggml.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/ggml.go
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ func Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker, maxArraySize int) (*GGML, int64, error) {
 	}, offset, nil
 }
 
-func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, kvCacheType string) (kv, partialOffload, fullOffload uint64) {
+func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType string) (kv []uint64, partialOffload, fullOffload uint64) {
 	embedding := f.KV().EmbeddingLength()
 	heads := f.KV().HeadCount()
 	headsKV := f.KV().HeadCountKV()
@@ -426,7 +426,10 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, kvCacheType string) (kv, partialO
 	layers := f.Tensors().GroupLayers()
 
 	bytesPerElement := kvCacheBytesPerElement(kvCacheType)
-	kv = uint64(float64(context*f.KV().BlockCount()*(embeddingHeadsK+embeddingHeadsV)*headsKV) * bytesPerElement)
+	kv = make([]uint64, f.KV().BlockCount())
+	for i := range kv {
+		kv[i] = uint64(float64(context*(embeddingHeadsK+embeddingHeadsV)*headsKV) * bytesPerElement)
+	}
 
 	switch f.KV().Architecture() {
 	case "llama":
@@ -460,16 +463,14 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, kvCacheType string) (kv, partialO
 	case "mllama":
 		var visionTokens, tiles uint64 = 1601, 4
 
-		if crossAttentionLayers, ok := f.KV()["mllama.attention.cross_attention_layers"].(*array); ok {
-			kv = headsKV *
-				(embeddingHeadsK + embeddingHeadsV) * // one for K, one for V
-				(2* // sizeof(float16)
-					(f.KV().BlockCount()-uint64(crossAttentionLayers.size))* // num non-cross attention layers
-					context +
-					4* // sizeof(float32)
-						uint64(crossAttentionLayers.size)* // num cross attention layers
-						visionTokens*
-						tiles)
+		crossAttentionLayers := f.KV().Uints("attention.cross_attention_layers")
+		for i := range kv {
+			if slices.Contains(crossAttentionLayers, uint32(i)) {
+				kv[i] = headsKV * (embeddingHeadsK + embeddingHeadsV) *
+					4 * // sizeof(float32)
+					visionTokens *
+					tiles
+			}
 		}
 
 		fullOffload = max(
@@ -505,6 +506,20 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, kvCacheType string) (kv, partialO
 				4*embeddingHeadsK*context*8+
 				embedding*embeddingHeadsK*heads*9/16,
 		)
+
+		// Gemma2 also has sliding window attention but we only have an optimized implementation in the Ollama
+		// engine. Gemma3 always uses the Ollama engine.
+		if f.KV().Architecture() == "gemma3" {
+			const gemma3GlobalCacheCount = 6
+			slidingWindow := (uint64(numParallel) * uint64(f.KV().Uint("attention.sliding_window"))) + batch
+			for i := range kv {
+				// Every 6th layer is a global layer, which is the full context size that has already been set. The other
+				// layers are the smaller local (sliding) layers.
+				if (i+1)%gemma3GlobalCacheCount != 0 {
+					kv[i] = uint64(float64(slidingWindow*(embeddingHeadsK+embeddingHeadsV)*headsKV) * bytesPerElement)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	case "command-r":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
diff --git a/llm/memory.go b/llm/memory.go
index 86694d06d..85a0fabd3 100644
--- a/llm/memory.go
+++ b/llm/memory.go
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ import (
 )
 
 // This algorithm looks for a complete fit to determine if we need to unload other models
-func PredictServerFit(allGpus discover.GpuInfoList, f *ggml.GGML, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (bool, uint64) {
+func PredictServerFit(allGpus discover.GpuInfoList, f *ggml.GGML, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) (bool, uint64) {
 	// Split up the GPUs by type and try them
 	var estimatedVRAM uint64
 	for _, gpus := range allGpus.ByLibrary() {
 		var layerCount int
-		estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, projectors, opts)
+		estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, projectors, opts, numParallel)
 		layerCount, estimatedVRAM = estimate.Layers, estimate.VRAMSize
 		if opts.NumGPU < 0 {
 			if layerCount > 0 && layerCount >= int(f.KV().BlockCount()+1) {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ type MemoryEstimate struct {
 
 // Given a model and one or more GPU targets, predict how many layers and bytes we can load, and the total size
 // The GPUs provided must all be the same Library
-func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []discover.GpuInfo, f *ggml.GGML, projectors []string, opts api.Options) MemoryEstimate {
+func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []discover.GpuInfo, f *ggml.GGML, projectors []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) MemoryEstimate {
 	// Graph size for a partial offload, applies to all GPUs
 	var graphPartialOffload uint64
 
@@ -137,13 +137,19 @@ func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []discover.GpuInfo, f *ggml.GGML, projectors []strin
 		}
 	}
 
-	kv, graphPartialOffload, graphFullOffload := f.GraphSize(uint64(opts.NumCtx), uint64(min(opts.NumCtx, opts.NumBatch)), kvct)
+	kv, graphPartialOffload, graphFullOffload := f.GraphSize(uint64(opts.NumCtx), uint64(min(opts.NumCtx, opts.NumBatch)), numParallel, kvct)
 
-	// KV is proportional to the number of layers
-	layerSize += kv / f.KV().BlockCount()
+	if len(kv) > 0 {
+		layerSize += kv[0]
+	}
+
+	var kvTotal uint64
+	for _, kvLayer := range kv {
+		kvTotal += kvLayer
+	}
 
 	if graphPartialOffload == 0 {
-		graphPartialOffload = f.KV().GQA() * kv / 6
+		graphPartialOffload = f.KV().GQA() * kvTotal / 6
 	}
 	if graphFullOffload == 0 {
 		graphFullOffload = graphPartialOffload
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@ func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []discover.GpuInfo, f *ggml.GGML, projectors []strin
 		// Some models have inconsistent layer sizes
 		if blk, ok := layers[fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d", i)]; ok {
 			layerSize = blk.Size()
-			layerSize += kv / f.KV().BlockCount()
+			layerSize += kv[i]
 			memoryWeights += blk.Size()
 		}
 
@@ -315,7 +321,7 @@ func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []discover.GpuInfo, f *ggml.GGML, projectors []strin
 		layersRequested:     opts.NumGPU,
 		layersModel:         int(f.KV().BlockCount()) + 1,
 		availableList:       availableList,
-		kv:                  kv,
+		kv:                  kvTotal,
 		allocationsList:     allocationsList,
 		memoryWeights:       memoryWeights,
 		memoryLayerOutput:   memoryLayerOutput,
diff --git a/llm/memory_test.go b/llm/memory_test.go
index 40cc01dff..213784a02 100644
--- a/llm/memory_test.go
+++ b/llm/memory_test.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestEstimateGPULayers(t *testing.T) {
 	projectors := []string{}
 	opts := api.DefaultOptions()
 	t.Run("cpu", func(t *testing.T) {
-		estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts)
+		estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts, 1)
 		assert.Equal(t, 0, estimate.Layers)
 		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), estimate.Graph)
 	})
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func TestEstimateGPULayers(t *testing.T) {
 			gpus[1].FreeMemory += gpuMinimumMemory + layerSize + s.layer1*layerSize + 1
 			gpus[0].FreeMemory += max(graphFullOffload, graphPartialOffload)
 			gpus[1].FreeMemory += max(graphFullOffload, graphPartialOffload)
-			estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts)
+			estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts, 1)
 			assert.Equal(t, int(s.expect0+s.expect1), estimate.Layers, "scenario %d: %v", i, s)
 			assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("%d,%d", s.expect0, s.expect1), estimate.TensorSplit, "scenario %d: %v", i, s)
 			var layerSums uint64
diff --git a/llm/server.go b/llm/server.go
index adc11aaea..e6046db60 100644
--- a/llm/server.go
+++ b/llm/server.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus discover.GpuInfoList, modelPath string, f *ggml.GGML, a
 		gpus = discover.GetCPUInfo()
 	}
 
-	estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, projectors, opts)
+	estimate := EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, projectors, opts, numParallel)
 	if len(gpus) > 1 || gpus[0].Library != "cpu" {
 		switch {
 		case gpus[0].Library == "metal" && estimate.VRAMSize > systemTotalMemory:
diff --git a/server/sched.go b/server/sched.go
index b4600dbf7..9126c2969 100644
--- a/server/sched.go
+++ b/server/sched.go
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ func pickBestFullFitByLibrary(req *LlmRequest, f *ggml.GGML, gpus discover.GpuIn
 			req.opts.NumCtx = req.origNumCtx * p
 			if !envconfig.SchedSpread() {
 				for _, g := range sgl {
-					if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit([]discover.GpuInfo{g}, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts); ok {
+					if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit([]discover.GpuInfo{g}, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts, p); ok {
 						slog.Info("new model will fit in available VRAM in single GPU, loading", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "gpu", g.ID, "parallel", p, "available", g.FreeMemory, "required", format.HumanBytes2(estimatedVRAM))
 						*numParallel = p
 						return []discover.GpuInfo{g}
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ func pickBestFullFitByLibrary(req *LlmRequest, f *ggml.GGML, gpus discover.GpuIn
 		// Now try all the GPUs
 		for _, p := range numParallelToTry {
 			req.opts.NumCtx = req.origNumCtx * p
-			if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit(sgl, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts); ok {
+			if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit(sgl, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts, p); ok {
 				slog.Info("new model will fit in available VRAM, loading", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "library", sgl[0].Library, "parallel", p, "required", format.HumanBytes2(estimatedVRAM))
 				*numParallel = p
 				return sgl
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ func pickBestPartialFitByLibrary(req *LlmRequest, f *ggml.GGML, gpus discover.Gp
 	var bestEstimate uint64
 	var bestFit int
 	for i, gl := range byLibrary {
-		_, estimatedVRAM := llm.PredictServerFit(gl, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts)
+		_, estimatedVRAM := llm.PredictServerFit(gl, f, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts, *numParallel)
 		if estimatedVRAM > bestEstimate {
 			bestEstimate = estimatedVRAM
 			bestFit = i
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) expireRunner(model *Model) {
 // If not, pick a runner to unload, else return nil and the request can be loaded
 func (s *Scheduler) maybeFindCPURunnerToUnload(req *LlmRequest, f *ggml.GGML, gpus discover.GpuInfoList) *runnerRef {
 	slog.Debug("evaluating if CPU model load will fit in available system memory")
-	estimate := llm.EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts)
+	estimate := llm.EstimateGPULayers(gpus, f, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts, req.opts.NumCtx/req.origNumCtx)
 	if estimate.TotalSize <= gpus[0].FreeMemory {
 		slog.Debug("cpu inference mode, model fits in available system memory", "model", format.HumanBytes2(estimate.TotalSize), "available", format.HumanBytes2(gpus[0].FreeMemory))
 		return nil