ggml: more accurate estimates for head count array case

Also standardized the approach by always treatting `HeadCount()` and `HeadCountKV()` as arrays by filling them with the same value when they're a scalar in the original GGUF
ggml: fix crash for array head counts
2025-04-10 16:28:34 -07:00 · 2025-04-10 16:25:40 -07:00
341 changed files with 43806 additions and 60088 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@ -432,22 +432,6 @@ jobs:
          docker buildx imagetools inspect ollama/ollama:${{ steps.metadata.outputs.version }}
        working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}

-  # Trigger downstream release process
-  trigger:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: release
-    needs: [darwin-build, windows-build, windows-depends]
-    steps:
-      - name: Trigger downstream release process
-        run: |
-          curl -L \
-            -X POST \
-            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.RELEASE_TOKEN }}" \
-            -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
-            https://api.github.com/repos/ollama/${{ vars.RELEASE_REPO }}/dispatches \
-            -d "{\"event_type\": \"trigger-workflow\", \"client_payload\": {\"run_id\": \"${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\", \"version\": \"${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}\"}}"
-
  # Aggregate all the assets and ship a release
  release:
    needs: [darwin-sign, windows-sign, linux-build]
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@ -237,5 +237,5 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly and do not change files
        run: |
-          make -f Makefile.sync clean checkout apply-patches sync
-          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code
+          make -f Makefile.sync clean sync
+          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code
--- a/.golangci.yaml
+++ b/.golangci.yaml
@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ linters:
    - nolintlint
    - nosprintfhostport
    - staticcheck
+    - tenv
    - unconvert
-    - usetesting
    - wastedassign
    - whitespace
  disable:
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ set(GGML_LLAMAFILE ON)
 set(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 128)
 set(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS ON)
 set(GGML_CUDA_FA ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE default)

 if((CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES "arm64")
    OR (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm|aarch64|ARM64|ARMv[0-9]+"))
--- a/CMakePresets.json
+++ b/CMakePresets.json
@ -21,16 +21,14 @@
      "name": "CUDA 11",
      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;52;53;60;61;70;75;80;86",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets"
+        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;52;53;60;61;70;75;80;86"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "CUDA 12",
      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;60;61;70;75;80;86;87;89;90;90a;120",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets"
+        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;60;61;70;75;80;86;87;89;90;90a;120"
      }
    },
    {
--- a/Makefile.sync
+++ b/Makefile.sync
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 UPSTREAM=https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp.git
 WORKDIR=llama/vendor
-FETCH_HEAD=de4c07f93783a1a96456a44dc16b9db538ee1618
+FETCH_HEAD=d7cfe1ffe0f435d0048a6058d529daf76e072d9c

 .PHONY: help
 help:
@ -15,30 +15,27 @@ help:
 	@echo "    make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean sync"

 .PHONY: sync
-sync: llama/build-info.cpp ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal
+sync: llama/build-info.cpp llama/llama.cpp ml/backend/ggml/ggml apply-patches

-llama/build-info.cpp: llama/build-info.cpp.in llama/llama.cpp
-	sed -e 's|@FETCH_HEAD@|$(FETCH_HEAD)|' <$< >$@
-
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-	go generate ./$(@D)
+.PHONY: llama/build-info.cpp
+llama/build-info.cpp: llama/build-info.cpp.in
+	sed -e 's|@FETCH_HEAD@|$(FETCH_HEAD)|' $< > $@

 .PHONY: llama/llama.cpp
-llama/llama.cpp: llama/vendor/
+llama/llama.cpp: llama/vendor/ apply-patches
 	rsync -arvzc -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $< $@

-.PHONY: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml: llama/vendor/ggml/
+.PHONY: ml/backend/ggml/ggml apply-patches
+ml/backend/ggml/ggml: llama/vendor/ggml/ apply-patches
 	rsync -arvzc -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $< $@

 PATCHES=$(wildcard llama/patches/*.patch)
-PATCHED=$(join $(dir $(PATCHES)), $(addsuffix ed, $(addprefix ., $(notdir $(PATCHES)))))

 .PHONY: apply-patches
 .NOTPARALLEL:
-apply-patches: $(PATCHED)
+apply-patches: $(addsuffix ed, $(PATCHES))

-llama/patches/.%.patched: llama/patches/%.patch
+%.patched: %.patch
 	@if git -c user.name=nobody -c 'user.email=<>' -C $(WORKDIR) am -3 $(realpath $<); then touch $@; else git -C $(WORKDIR) am --abort; exit 1; fi

 .PHONY: checkout
@ -60,4 +57,4 @@ format-patches: llama/patches

 .PHONE: clean
 clean: checkout
-	$(RM) llama/patches/.*.patched
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix ed, $(PATCHES))
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ Here are some example models that can be downloaded:
 | QwQ                | 32B        | 20GB  | `ollama run qwq`                 |
 | DeepSeek-R1        | 7B         | 4.7GB | `ollama run deepseek-r1`         |
 | DeepSeek-R1        | 671B       | 404GB | `ollama run deepseek-r1:671b`    |
-| Llama 4            | 109B       | 67GB  | `ollama run llama4:scout`        |
-| Llama 4            | 400B       | 245GB | `ollama run llama4:maverick`     |
 | Llama 3.3          | 70B        | 43GB  | `ollama run llama3.3`            |
 | Llama 3.2          | 3B         | 2.0GB | `ollama run llama3.2`            |
 | Llama 3.2          | 1B         | 1.3GB | `ollama run llama3.2:1b`         |
@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ Here are some example models that can be downloaded:
 | Code Llama         | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run codellama`           |
 | Llama 2 Uncensored | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run llama2-uncensored`   |
 | LLaVA              | 7B         | 4.5GB | `ollama run llava`               |
-| Granite-3.3         | 8B         | 4.9GB | `ollama run granite3.3`          |
+| Granite-3.2         | 8B         | 4.9GB | `ollama run granite3.2`          |

 > [!NOTE]
 > You should have at least 8 GB of RAM available to run the 7B models, 16 GB to run the 13B models, and 32 GB to run the 33B models.
@ -287,13 +285,13 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Bionic GPT](https://github.com/bionic-gpt/bionic-gpt)
 - [HTML UI](https://github.com/rtcfirefly/ollama-ui)
 - [Saddle](https://github.com/jikkuatwork/saddle)
- [TagSpaces](https://www.tagspaces.org) (A platform for file-based apps, [utilizing Ollama](https://docs.tagspaces.org/ai/) for the generation of tags and descriptions)
+- [TagSpaces](https://www.tagspaces.org) (A platform for file based apps, [utilizing Ollama](https://docs.tagspaces.org/ai/) for the generation of tags and descriptions)
 - [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama)
 - [Chatbot UI v2](https://github.com/mckaywrigley/chatbot-ui)
 - [Typescript UI](https://github.com/ollama-interface/Ollama-Gui?tab=readme-ov-file)
 - [Minimalistic React UI for Ollama Models](https://github.com/richawo/minimal-llm-ui)
 - [Ollamac](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/Ollamac)
- [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-AGI)
+- [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-AGI) 
 - [Cheshire Cat assistant framework](https://github.com/cheshire-cat-ai/core)
 - [Amica](https://github.com/semperai/amica)
 - [chatd](https://github.com/BruceMacD/chatd)
@ -314,8 +312,6 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Ollama Basic Chat: Uses HyperDiv Reactive UI](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_basic_chat)
 - [Ollama-chats RPG](https://github.com/drazdra/ollama-chats)
 - [IntelliBar](https://intellibar.app/) (AI-powered assistant for macOS)
- [Jirapt](https://github.com/AliAhmedNada/jirapt) (Jira Integration to generate issues, tasks, epics)
- [ojira](https://github.com/AliAhmedNada/ojira) (Jira chrome plugin to easily generate descriptions for tasks)
 - [QA-Pilot](https://github.com/reid41/QA-Pilot) (Interactive chat tool that can leverage Ollama models for rapid understanding and navigation of GitHub code repositories)
 - [ChatOllama](https://github.com/sugarforever/chat-ollama) (Open Source Chatbot based on Ollama with Knowledge Bases)
 - [CRAG Ollama Chat](https://github.com/Nagi-ovo/CRAG-Ollama-Chat) (Simple Web Search with Corrective RAG)
@ -329,14 +325,14 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [RWKV-Runner](https://github.com/josStorer/RWKV-Runner) (RWKV offline LLM deployment tool, also usable as a client for ChatGPT and Ollama)
 - [Ollama Grid Search](https://github.com/dezoito/ollama-grid-search) (app to evaluate and compare models)
 - [Olpaka](https://github.com/Otacon/olpaka) (User-friendly Flutter Web App for Ollama)
- [Casibase](https://casibase.org) (An open source AI knowledge base and dialogue system combining the latest RAG, SSO, ollama support, and multiple large language models.)
+- [Casibase](https://casibase.org) (An open source AI knowledge base and dialogue system combining the latest RAG, SSO, ollama support and multiple large language models.)
 - [OllamaSpring](https://github.com/CrazyNeil/OllamaSpring) (Ollama Client for macOS)
 - [LLocal.in](https://github.com/kartikm7/llocal) (Easy to use Electron Desktop Client for Ollama)
 - [Shinkai Desktop](https://github.com/dcSpark/shinkai-apps) (Two click install Local AI using Ollama + Files + RAG)
- [AiLama](https://github.com/zeyoyt/ailama) (A Discord User App that allows you to interact with Ollama anywhere in Discord)
+- [AiLama](https://github.com/zeyoyt/ailama) (A Discord User App that allows you to interact with Ollama anywhere in discord )
 - [Ollama with Google Mesop](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_mesop/) (Mesop Chat Client implementation with Ollama)
 - [R2R](https://github.com/SciPhi-AI/R2R) (Open-source RAG engine)
- [Ollama-Kis](https://github.com/elearningshow/ollama-kis) (A simple easy-to-use GUI with sample custom LLM for Drivers Education)
+- [Ollama-Kis](https://github.com/elearningshow/ollama-kis) (A simple easy to use GUI with sample custom LLM for Drivers Education)
 - [OpenGPA](https://opengpa.org) (Open-source offline-first Enterprise Agentic Application)
 - [Painting Droid](https://github.com/mateuszmigas/painting-droid) (Painting app with AI integrations)
 - [Kerlig AI](https://www.kerlig.com/) (AI writing assistant for macOS)
@ -345,16 +341,16 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [LLMStack](https://github.com/trypromptly/LLMStack) (No-code multi-agent framework to build LLM agents and workflows)
 - [BoltAI for Mac](https://boltai.com) (AI Chat Client for Mac)
 - [Harbor](https://github.com/av/harbor) (Containerized LLM Toolkit with Ollama as default backend)
- [PyGPT](https://github.com/szczyglis-dev/py-gpt) (AI desktop assistant for Linux, Windows, and Mac)
- [Alpaca](https://github.com/Jeffser/Alpaca) (An Ollama client application for Linux and macOS made with GTK4 and Adwaita)
+- [PyGPT](https://github.com/szczyglis-dev/py-gpt) (AI desktop assistant for Linux, Windows and Mac)
+- [Alpaca](https://github.com/Jeffser/Alpaca) (An Ollama client application for linux and macos made with GTK4 and Adwaita)
 - [AutoGPT](https://github.com/Significant-Gravitas/AutoGPT/blob/master/docs/content/platform/ollama.md) (AutoGPT Ollama integration)
 - [Go-CREW](https://www.jonathanhecl.com/go-crew/) (Powerful Offline RAG in Golang)
 - [PartCAD](https://github.com/openvmp/partcad/) (CAD model generation with OpenSCAD and CadQuery)
- [Ollama4j Web UI](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j-web-ui) - Java-based Web UI for Ollama built with Vaadin, Spring Boot, and Ollama4j
+- [Ollama4j Web UI](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j-web-ui) - Java-based Web UI for Ollama built with Vaadin, Spring Boot and Ollama4j
 - [PyOllaMx](https://github.com/kspviswa/pyOllaMx) - macOS application capable of chatting with both Ollama and Apple MLX models.
 - [Cline](https://github.com/cline/cline) - Formerly known as Claude Dev is a VSCode extension for multi-file/whole-repo coding
 - [Cherry Studio](https://github.com/kangfenmao/cherry-studio) (Desktop client with Ollama support)
- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy-focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
+- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
 - [Archyve](https://github.com/nickthecook/archyve) (RAG-enabling document library)
 - [crewAI with Mesop](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama-crew-mesop) (Mesop Web Interface to run crewAI with Ollama)
 - [Tkinter-based client](https://github.com/chyok/ollama-gui) (Python tkinter-based Client for Ollama)
@ -372,7 +368,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [DualMind](https://github.com/tcsenpai/dualmind) (Experimental app allowing two models to talk to each other in the terminal or in a web interface)
 - [ollamarama-matrix](https://github.com/h1ddenpr0cess20/ollamarama-matrix) (Ollama chatbot for the Matrix chat protocol)
 - [ollama-chat-app](https://github.com/anan1213095357/ollama-chat-app) (Flutter-based chat app)
- [Perfect Memory AI](https://www.perfectmemory.ai/) (Productivity AI assists personalized by what you have seen on your screen, heard, and said in the meetings)
+- [Perfect Memory AI](https://www.perfectmemory.ai/) (Productivity AI assists personalized by what you have seen on your screen, heard and said in the meetings)
 - [Hexabot](https://github.com/hexastack/hexabot) (A conversational AI builder)
 - [Reddit Rate](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/reddit_analyzer) (Search and Rate Reddit topics with a weighted summation)
 - [OpenTalkGpt](https://github.com/adarshM84/OpenTalkGpt) (Chrome Extension to manage open-source models supported by Ollama, create custom models, and chat with models from a user-friendly UI)
@ -390,7 +386,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [ChibiChat](https://github.com/CosmicEventHorizon/ChibiChat) (Kotlin-based Android app to chat with Ollama and Koboldcpp API endpoints)
 - [LocalLLM](https://github.com/qusaismael/localllm) (Minimal Web-App to run ollama models on it with a GUI)
 - [Ollamazing](https://github.com/buiducnhat/ollamazing) (Web extension to run Ollama models)
- [OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng](https://github.com/benhaotang/OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng) (A Deep Research equivalent endpoint with Ollama support for running locally)
+- [OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng](https://github.com/benhaotang/OpenDeepResearcher-via-searxng) (A Deep Research equivent endpoint with Ollama support for running locally)
 - [AntSK](https://github.com/AIDotNet/AntSK) (Out-of-the-box & Adaptable RAG Chatbot)
 - [MaxKB](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/) (Ready-to-use & flexible RAG Chatbot)
 - [yla](https://github.com/danielekp/yla) (Web interface to freely interact with your customized models)
@ -398,13 +394,10 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [1Panel](https://github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel/) (Web-based Linux Server Management Tool)
 - [AstrBot](https://github.com/Soulter/AstrBot/) (User-friendly LLM-based multi-platform chatbot with a WebUI, supporting RAG, LLM agents, and plugins integration)
 - [Reins](https://github.com/ibrahimcetin/reins) (Easily tweak parameters, customize system prompts per chat, and enhance your AI experiments with reasoning model support.)
- [Flufy](https://github.com/Aharon-Bensadoun/Flufy) (A beautiful chat interface for interacting with Ollama's API. Built with React, TypeScript, and Material-UI.)
 - [Ellama](https://github.com/zeozeozeo/ellama) (Friendly native app to chat with an Ollama instance)
 - [screenpipe](https://github.com/mediar-ai/screenpipe) Build agents powered by your screen history
 - [Ollamb](https://github.com/hengkysteen/ollamb) (Simple yet rich in features, cross-platform built with Flutter and designed for Ollama. Try the [web demo](https://hengkysteen.github.io/demo/ollamb/).)
 - [Writeopia](https://github.com/Writeopia/Writeopia) (Text editor with integration with Ollama)
- [AppFlowy](https://github.com/AppFlowy-IO/AppFlowy) (AI collaborative workspace with Ollama, cross-platform and self-hostable)
- [Lumina](https://github.com/cushydigit/lumina.git) (A lightweight, minimal React.js frontend for interacting with Ollama servers)

 ### Cloud

@ -446,7 +439,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [PowershAI](https://github.com/rrg92/powershai) PowerShell module that brings AI to terminal on Windows, including support for Ollama
 - [DeepShell](https://github.com/Abyss-c0re/deepshell) Your self-hosted AI assistant. Interactive Shell, Files and Folders analysis.
 - [orbiton](https://github.com/xyproto/orbiton) Configuration-free text editor and IDE with support for tab completion with Ollama.
- [orca-cli](https://github.com/molbal/orca-cli) Ollama Registry CLI Application - Browse, pull, and download models from Ollama Registry in your terminal.
+- [orca-cli](https://github.com/molbal/orca-cli) Ollama Registry CLI Application - Browse, pull and download models from Ollama Registry in your terminal.
 - [GGUF-to-Ollama](https://github.com/jonathanhecl/gguf-to-ollama) - Importing GGUF to Ollama made easy (multiplatform)

 ### Apple Vision Pro
@ -474,7 +467,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.

 ### Libraries

- [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) and [LangChain.js](https://js.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) with [example](https://js.langchain.com/docs/tutorials/local_rag/)
+- [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/llms/ollama) and [LangChain.js](https://js.langchain.com/docs/integrations/chat/ollama/) with [example](https://js.langchain.com/docs/tutorials/local_rag/)
 - [Firebase Genkit](https://firebase.google.com/docs/genkit/plugins/ollama)
 - [crewAI](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI)
 - [Yacana](https://remembersoftwares.github.io/yacana/) (User-friendly multi-agent framework for brainstorming and executing predetermined flows with built-in tool integration)
@ -521,21 +514,20 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Swollama for Swift](https://github.com/marcusziade/Swollama) with [DocC](https://marcusziade.github.io/Swollama/documentation/swollama/)
 - [GoLamify](https://github.com/prasad89/golamify)
 - [Ollama for Haskell](https://github.com/tusharad/ollama-haskell)
- [multi-llm-ts](https://github.com/nbonamy/multi-llm-ts) (A Typescript/JavaScript library allowing access to different LLM in a unified API)
+- [multi-llm-ts](https://github.com/nbonamy/multi-llm-ts) (A Typescript/JavaScript library allowing access to different LLM in unified API)
 - [LlmTornado](https://github.com/lofcz/llmtornado) (C# library providing a unified interface for major FOSS & Commercial inference APIs)
 - [Ollama for Zig](https://github.com/dravenk/ollama-zig)
 - [Abso](https://github.com/lunary-ai/abso) (OpenAI-compatible TypeScript SDK for any LLM provider)
 - [Nichey](https://github.com/goodreasonai/nichey) is a Python package for generating custom wikis for your research topic
 - [Ollama for D](https://github.com/kassane/ollama-d)
- [OllamaPlusPlus](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/OllamaPlusPlus) (Very simple C++ library for Ollama)

 ### Mobile

- [SwiftChat](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat) (Lightning-fast Cross-platform AI chat app with native UI for Android, iOS, and iPad)
+- [SwiftChat](https://github.com/aws-samples/swift-chat) (Lightning-fast Cross-platform AI chat app with native UI for Android, iOS and iPad)
 - [Enchanted](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
 - [Maid](https://github.com/Mobile-Artificial-Intelligence/maid)
 - [Ollama App](https://github.com/JHubi1/ollama-app) (Modern and easy-to-use multi-platform client for Ollama)
- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy-focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
+- [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
 - [Ollama Android Chat](https://github.com/sunshine0523/OllamaServer) (No need for Termux, start the Ollama service with one click on an Android device)
 - [Reins](https://github.com/ibrahimcetin/reins) (Easily tweak parameters, customize system prompts per chat, and enhance your AI experiments with reasoning model support.)

@ -559,7 +551,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Obsidian Local GPT plugin](https://github.com/pfrankov/obsidian-local-gpt)
 - [Open Interpreter](https://docs.openinterpreter.com/language-model-setup/local-models/ollama)
 - [Llama Coder](https://github.com/ex3ndr/llama-coder) (Copilot alternative using Ollama)
- [Ollama Copilot](https://github.com/bernardo-bruning/ollama-copilot) (Proxy that allows you to use Ollama as a copilot like GitHub Copilot)
+- [Ollama Copilot](https://github.com/bernardo-bruning/ollama-copilot) (Proxy that allows you to use ollama as a copilot like Github copilot)
 - [twinny](https://github.com/rjmacarthy/twinny) (Copilot and Copilot chat alternative using Ollama)
 - [Wingman-AI](https://github.com/RussellCanfield/wingman-ai) (Copilot code and chat alternative using Ollama and Hugging Face)
 - [Page Assist](https://github.com/n4ze3m/page-assist) (Chrome Extension)
@ -569,8 +561,8 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Discord-Ollama Chat Bot](https://github.com/kevinthedang/discord-ollama) (Generalized TypeScript Discord Bot w/ Tuning Documentation)
 - [ChatGPTBox: All in one browser extension](https://github.com/josStorer/chatGPTBox) with [Integrating Tutorial](https://github.com/josStorer/chatGPTBox/issues/616#issuecomment-1975186467)
 - [Discord AI chat/moderation bot](https://github.com/rapmd73/Companion) Chat/moderation bot written in python. Uses Ollama to create personalities.
- [Headless Ollama](https://github.com/nischalj10/headless-ollama) (Scripts to automatically install ollama client & models on any OS for apps that depend on ollama server)
- [Terraform AWS Ollama & Open WebUI](https://github.com/xuyangbocn/terraform-aws-self-host-llm) (A Terraform module to deploy on AWS a ready-to-use Ollama service, together with its front-end Open WebUI service.)
+- [Headless Ollama](https://github.com/nischalj10/headless-ollama) (Scripts to automatically install ollama client & models on any OS for apps that depends on ollama server)
+- [Terraform AWS Ollama & Open WebUI](https://github.com/xuyangbocn/terraform-aws-self-host-llm) (A Terraform module to deploy on AWS a ready-to-use Ollama service, together with its front end Open WebUI service.)
 - [node-red-contrib-ollama](https://github.com/jakubburkiewicz/node-red-contrib-ollama)
 - [Local AI Helper](https://github.com/ivostoykov/localAI) (Chrome and Firefox extensions that enable interactions with the active tab and customisable API endpoints. Includes secure storage for user prompts.)
 - [vnc-lm](https://github.com/jake83741/vnc-lm) (Discord bot for messaging with LLMs through Ollama and LiteLLM. Seamlessly move between local and flagship models.)
@ -584,7 +576,6 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Simple-Discord-AI](https://github.com/zyphixor/simple-discord-ai)
 - [LLM Telegram Bot](https://github.com/innightwolfsleep/llm_telegram_bot) (telegram bot, primary for RP. Oobabooga-like buttons, [A1111](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) API integration e.t.c)
 - [mcp-llm](https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-llm) (MCP Server to allow LLMs to call other LLMs)
- [UnityCodeLama](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/UnityCodeLama) (Unity Edtior tool to analyze scripts via Ollama)

 ### Supported backends

--- a/api/client_test.go
+++ b/api/client_test.go
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package api

 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 			client := NewClient(&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: ts.Listener.Addr().String()}, http.DefaultClient)

 			var receivedChunks []ChatResponse
-			err := client.stream(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/v1/chat", nil, func(chunk []byte) error {
+			err := client.stream(context.Background(), http.MethodPost, "/v1/chat", nil, func(chunk []byte) error {
 				var resp ChatResponse
 				if err := json.Unmarshal(chunk, &resp); err != nil {
 					return fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal chunk: %w", err)
@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 				ID      string `json:"id"`
 				Success bool   `json:"success"`
 			}
-			err := client.do(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil, &resp)
+			err := client.do(context.Background(), http.MethodPost, "/v1/messages", nil, &resp)

 			if tc.wantErr != "" {
 				if err == nil {
--- a/api/types.go
+++ b/api/types.go
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ type GenerateRequest struct {
 	// this request.
 	KeepAlive *Duration `json:"keep_alive,omitempty"`

-	// Images is an optional list of raw image bytes accompanying this
+	// Images is an optional list of base64-encoded images accompanying this
 	// request, for multimodal models.
 	Images []ImageData `json:"images,omitempty"`

@ -271,6 +271,9 @@ type Options struct {
 	RepeatPenalty    float32  `json:"repeat_penalty,omitempty"`
 	PresencePenalty  float32  `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
 	FrequencyPenalty float32  `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
+	Mirostat         int      `json:"mirostat,omitempty"`
+	MirostatTau      float32  `json:"mirostat_tau,omitempty"`
+	MirostatEta      float32  `json:"mirostat_eta,omitempty"`
 	Stop             []string `json:"stop,omitempty"`
 }

@ -280,7 +283,12 @@ type Runner struct {
 	NumBatch  int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
 	NumGPU    int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
 	MainGPU   int   `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	LowVRAM   bool  `json:"low_vram,omitempty"`
+	F16KV     bool  `json:"f16_kv,omitempty"` // Deprecated: This option is ignored
+	LogitsAll bool  `json:"logits_all,omitempty"`
+	VocabOnly bool  `json:"vocab_only,omitempty"`
 	UseMMap   *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
+	UseMLock  bool  `json:"use_mlock,omitempty"`
 	NumThread int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
 }

@ -463,6 +471,13 @@ type ProcessModelResponse struct {
 	SizeVRAM  int64        `json:"size_vram"`
 }

+type RetrieveModelResponse struct {
+	Id      string `json:"id"`
+	Object  string `json:"object"`
+	Created int64  `json:"created"`
+	OwnedBy string `json:"owned_by"`
+}
+
 type TokenResponse struct {
 	Token string `json:"token"`
 }
@ -645,6 +660,9 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 		RepeatPenalty:    1.1,
 		PresencePenalty:  0.0,
 		FrequencyPenalty: 0.0,
+		Mirostat:         0,
+		MirostatTau:      5.0,
+		MirostatEta:      0.1,
 		Seed:             -1,

 		Runner: Runner{
@ -653,6 +671,8 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 			NumBatch:  512,
 			NumGPU:    -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
 			NumThread: 0,  // let the runtime decide
+			LowVRAM:   false,
+			UseMLock:  false,
 			UseMMap:   nil,
 		},
 	}
--- a/app/lifecycle/logging.go
+++ b/app/lifecycle/logging.go
@ -4,14 +4,20 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
 )

 func InitLogging() {
+	level := slog.LevelInfo
+
+	if envconfig.Debug() {
+		level = slog.LevelDebug
+	}
+
 	var logFile *os.File
 	var err error
 	// Detect if we're a GUI app on windows, and if not, send logs to console
@ -27,8 +33,20 @@ func InitLogging() {
 			return
 		}
 	}
+	handler := slog.NewTextHandler(logFile, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level:     level,
+		AddSource: true,
+		ReplaceAttr: func(_ []string, attr slog.Attr) slog.Attr {
+			if attr.Key == slog.SourceKey {
+				source := attr.Value.Any().(*slog.Source)
+				source.File = filepath.Base(source.File)
+			}
+			return attr
+		},
+	})
+
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(handler))

-	slog.SetDefault(logutil.NewLogger(logFile, envconfig.LogLevel()))
 	slog.Info("ollama app started")
 }

--- a/benchmark/server_benchmark_test.go
+++ b/benchmark/server_benchmark_test.go
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func BenchmarkColdStart(b *testing.B) {

 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/cold/%s", m, tt.name), func(b *testing.B) {
-			ctx := b.Context()
+			ctx := context.Background()

 			// Set number of tokens as our throughput metric
 			b.SetBytes(int64(tt.maxTokens))
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func BenchmarkWarmStart(b *testing.B) {

 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/warm/%s", m, tt.name), func(b *testing.B) {
-			ctx := b.Context()
+			ctx := context.Background()

 			// Pre-warm the model
 			warmup(client, m, tt.prompt, b)
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func setup(b *testing.B) *api.Client {
 	if err != nil {
 		b.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if _, err := client.Show(b.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName(b)}); err != nil {
+	if _, err := client.Show(context.Background(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName(b)}); err != nil {
 		b.Fatalf("Model unavailable: %v", err)
 	}

--- a/cmd/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/cmd.go
@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"golang.org/x/term"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/runner"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/server"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/syncmap"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
 )

@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 	spinner.Stop()

-	req.Model = args[0]
+	req.Name = args[0]
 	quantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("quantize")
 	if quantize != "" {
 		req.Quantize = quantize
@ -119,54 +117,34 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	var g errgroup.Group
-	g.SetLimit(max(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)-1, 1))
-
-	files := syncmap.NewSyncMap[string, string]()
-	for f, digest := range req.Files {
-		g.Go(func() error {
+	if len(req.Files) > 0 {
+		fileMap := map[string]string{}
+		for f, digest := range req.Files {
 			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-
-			// TODO: this is incorrect since the file might be in a subdirectory
-			//       instead this should take the path relative to the model directory
-			//       but the current implementation does not allow this
-			files.Store(filepath.Base(f), digest)
-			return nil
-		})
+			fileMap[filepath.Base(f)] = digest
+		}
+		req.Files = fileMap
 	}

-	adapters := syncmap.NewSyncMap[string, string]()
-	for f, digest := range req.Adapters {
-		g.Go(func() error {
+	if len(req.Adapters) > 0 {
+		fileMap := map[string]string{}
+		for f, digest := range req.Adapters {
 			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-
-			// TODO: same here
-			adapters.Store(filepath.Base(f), digest)
-			return nil
-		})
+			fileMap[filepath.Base(f)] = digest
+		}
+		req.Adapters = fileMap
 	}

-	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	req.Files = files.Items()
-	req.Adapters = adapters.Items()
-
 	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
 		if resp.Digest != "" {
 			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
 			if !ok {
-				msg := resp.Status
-				if msg == "" {
-					msg = fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19])
-				}
-				bar = progress.NewBar(msg, resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
 				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
 				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
 			}
@ -235,7 +213,7 @@ func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string, digest stri
 		}
 	}()

-	if err := client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, io.TeeReader(bin, &pw)); err != nil {
+	if err = client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, io.TeeReader(bin, &pw)); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return digest, nil
@ -830,38 +808,13 @@ func PullHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {

 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
 		if resp.Digest != "" {
-			if resp.Completed == 0 {
-				// This is the initial status update for the
-				// layer, which the server sends before
-				// beginning the download, for clients to
-				// compute total size and prepare for
-				// downloads, if needed.
-				//
-				// Skipping this here to avoid showing a 0%
-				// progress bar, which *should* clue the user
-				// into the fact that many things are being
-				// downloaded and that the current active
-				// download is not that last. However, in rare
-				// cases it seems to be triggering to some, and
-				// it isn't worth explaining, so just ignore
-				// and regress to the old UI that keeps giving
-				// you the "But wait, there is more!" after
-				// each "100% done" bar, which is "better."
-				return nil
-			}
-
 			if spinner != nil {
 				spinner.Stop()
 			}

 			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
 			if !ok {
-				name, isDigest := strings.CutPrefix(resp.Digest, "sha256:")
-				name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
-				if isDigest {
-					name = name[:min(12, len(name))]
-				}
-				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s:", name), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
 				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
 				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
 			}
@ -881,7 +834,11 @@ func PullHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}

 	request := api.PullRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}
-	return client.Pull(cmd.Context(), &request, fn)
+	if err := client.Pull(cmd.Context(), &request, fn); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

 type generateContextKey string
--- a/cmd/cmd_test.go
+++ b/cmd/cmd_test.go
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package cmd

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)

 	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
-	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.SetContext(context.TODO())
 	if err := DeleteHandler(cmd, []string{"test-model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("DeleteHandler failed: %v", err)
 	}
@ -398,6 +399,11 @@ func TestGetModelfileName(t *testing.T) {
 			var expectedFilename string

 			if tt.fileExists {
+				tempDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "modelfiledir")
+				defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("temp modelfile dir creation failed: %v", err)
+				}
 				var fn string
 				if tt.modelfileName != "" {
 					fn = tt.modelfileName
@ -405,11 +411,10 @@ func TestGetModelfileName(t *testing.T) {
 					fn = "Modelfile"
 				}

-				tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), fn)
+				tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp(tempDir, fn)
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("temp modelfile creation failed: %v", err)
 				}
-				defer tempFile.Close()

 				expectedFilename = tempFile.Name()
 				err = cmd.Flags().Set("file", expectedFilename)
@ -524,7 +529,7 @@ func TestPushHandler(t *testing.T) {

 			cmd := &cobra.Command{}
 			cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
-			cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+			cmd.SetContext(context.TODO())

 			// Redirect stderr to capture progress output
 			oldStderr := os.Stderr
@ -629,7 +634,7 @@ func TestListHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)

 			cmd := &cobra.Command{}
-			cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+			cmd.SetContext(context.TODO())

 			// Capture stdout
 			oldStdout := os.Stdout
@ -684,7 +689,7 @@ func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 						return
 					}

-					if req.Model != "test-model" {
+					if req.Name != "test-model" {
 						t.Errorf("expected model name 'test-model', got %s", req.Name)
 					}

@ -724,7 +729,7 @@ func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
 			t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
-			tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "modelfile")
+			tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "modelfile")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@ -744,7 +749,7 @@ func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			}

 			cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
-			cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+			cmd.SetContext(context.TODO())

 			// Redirect stderr to capture progress output
 			oldStderr := os.Stderr
--- a/cmd/interactive.go
+++ b/cmd/interactive.go
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Use \"\"\" to begin a multi-line message.")

 		if opts.MultiModal {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Use %s to include .jpg, .png, or .webp images.\n", filepath.FromSlash("/path/to/file"))
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Use %s to include .jpg or .png images.\n", filepath.FromSlash("/path/to/file"))
 		}

 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "")
@ -503,7 +503,6 @@ func normalizeFilePath(fp string) string {
 		"\\\\", "\\", // Escaped backslash
 		"\\*", "*", // Escaped asterisk
 		"\\?", "?", // Escaped question mark
-		"\\~", "~", // Escaped tilde
 	).Replace(fp)
 }

@ -511,7 +510,7 @@ func extractFileNames(input string) []string {
 	// Regex to match file paths starting with optional drive letter, / ./ \ or .\ and include escaped or unescaped spaces (\ or %20)
 	// and followed by more characters and a file extension
 	// This will capture non filename strings, but we'll check for file existence to remove mismatches
-	regexPattern := `(?:[a-zA-Z]:)?(?:\./|/|\\)[\S\\ ]+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png|webp)\b`
+	regexPattern := `(?:[a-zA-Z]:)?(?:\./|/|\\)[\S\\ ]+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png)\b`
 	re := regexp.MustCompile(regexPattern)

 	return re.FindAllString(input, -1)
@ -531,8 +530,6 @@ func extractFileData(input string) (string, []api.ImageData, error) {
 			return "", imgs, err
 		}
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Added image '%s'\n", nfp)
-		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+nfp+"'", "")
-		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+fp+"'", "")
 		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, fp, "")
 		imgs = append(imgs, data)
 	}
@ -553,7 +550,7 @@ func getImageData(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
 	}

 	contentType := http.DetectContentType(buf)
-	allowedTypes := []string{"image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png", "image/webp"}
+	allowedTypes := []string{"image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png"}
 	if !slices.Contains(allowedTypes, contentType) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image type: %s", contentType)
 	}
--- a/cmd/interactive_test.go
+++ b/cmd/interactive_test.go
@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package cmd

 import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@ -12,17 +10,14 @@ func TestExtractFilenames(t *testing.T) {
 	// Unix style paths
 	input := ` some preamble 
 ./relative\ path/one.png inbetween1 ./not a valid two.jpg inbetween2 ./1.svg
-/unescaped space /three.jpeg inbetween3 /valid\ path/dir/four.png "./quoted with spaces/five.JPG
-/unescaped space /six.webp inbetween6 /valid\ path/dir/seven.WEBP`
+/unescaped space /three.jpeg inbetween3 /valid\ path/dir/four.png "./quoted with spaces/five.JPG`
 	res := extractFileNames(input)
-	assert.Len(t, res, 7)
+	assert.Len(t, res, 5)
 	assert.Contains(t, res[0], "one.png")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[1], "two.jpg")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[2], "three.jpeg")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[3], "four.png")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[4], "five.JPG")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[5], "six.webp")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[6], "seven.WEBP")
 	assert.NotContains(t, res[4], '"')
 	assert.NotContains(t, res, "inbetween1")
 	assert.NotContains(t, res, "./1.svg")
@ -33,12 +28,10 @@ func TestExtractFilenames(t *testing.T) {
 /absolute/nospace/three.jpeg inbetween3 /absolute/with space/four.png inbetween4
 ./relative\ path/five.JPG inbetween5 "./relative with/spaces/six.png inbetween6
 d:\path with\spaces\seven.JPEG inbetween7 c:\users\jdoe\eight.png inbetween8 
- d:\program files\someplace\nine.png inbetween9 "E:\program files\someplace\ten.PNG
-c:/users/jdoe/eleven.webp inbetween11 c:/program files/someplace/twelve.WebP inbetween12
-d:\path with\spaces\thirteen.WEBP some ending
+ d:\program files\someplace\nine.png inbetween9 "E:\program files\someplace\ten.PNG some ending
 `
 	res = extractFileNames(input)
-	assert.Len(t, res, 13)
+	assert.Len(t, res, 10)
 	assert.NotContains(t, res, "inbetween2")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[0], "one.png")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[0], "c:")
@ -56,31 +49,4 @@ d:\path with\spaces\thirteen.WEBP some ending
 	assert.Contains(t, res[8], "d:")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[9], "ten.PNG")
 	assert.Contains(t, res[9], "E:")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[10], "eleven.webp")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[10], "c:")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[11], "twelve.WebP")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[11], "c:")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[12], "thirteen.WEBP")
-	assert.Contains(t, res[12], "d:")
-}
-
-// Ensure that file paths wrapped in single quotes are removed with the quotes.
-func TestExtractFileDataRemovesQuotedFilepath(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	fp := filepath.Join(dir, "img.jpg")
-	data := make([]byte, 600)
-	copy(data, []byte{
-		0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 'J', 'F', 'I', 'F',
-		0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-		0xff, 0xd9,
-	})
-	if err := os.WriteFile(fp, data, 0o600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to write test image: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	input := "before '" + fp + "' after"
-	cleaned, imgs, err := extractFileData(input)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, imgs, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, cleaned, "before  after")
 }
--- a/convert/convert.go
+++ b/convert/convert.go
@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
 package convert

 import (
-	"cmp"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
 )

 type ModelParameters struct {
-	Architectures []string `json:"architectures"`
-	VocabSize     uint32   `json:"vocab_size"`
+	Architectures []string       `json:"architectures"`
+	VocabSize     uint32         `json:"vocab_size"`
+	TextModel     TextParameters `json:"text_config"`
+}

-	TextModel struct {
-		VocabSize uint32 `json:"vocab_size"`
-	} `json:"text_config"`
+type TextParameters struct {
+	VocabSize uint32 `json:"vocab_size"`
 }

 type AdapterParameters struct {
@ -85,17 +84,27 @@ func (ModelParameters) specialTokenTypes() []string {
 	}
 }

+func (ModelParameters) writeFile(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv ggml.KV, ts []ggml.Tensor) error {
+	return ggml.WriteGGUF(ws, kv, ts)
+}
+
+func (AdapterParameters) writeFile(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv ggml.KV, ts []ggml.Tensor) error {
+	return ggml.WriteGGUF(ws, kv, ts)
+}
+
 type ModelConverter interface {
 	// KV maps parameters to LLM key-values
 	KV(*Tokenizer) ggml.KV
 	// Tensors maps input tensors to LLM tensors. Model specific modifications can be done here.
-	Tensors([]Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor
+	Tensors([]Tensor) []ggml.Tensor
 	// Replacements returns a list of string pairs to replace in tensor names.
 	// See [strings.Replacer](https://pkg.go.dev/strings#Replacer) for details
 	Replacements() []string

 	// specialTokenTypes returns any special token types the model uses
 	specialTokenTypes() []string
+	// writeFile writes the model to the provided io.WriteSeeker
+	writeFile(io.WriteSeeker, ggml.KV, []ggml.Tensor) error
 }

 type moreParser interface {
@ -106,13 +115,15 @@ type AdapterConverter interface {
 	// KV maps parameters to LLM key-values
 	KV(ggml.KV) ggml.KV
 	// Tensors maps input tensors to LLM tensors. Adapter specific modifications can be done here.
-	Tensors([]Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor
+	Tensors([]Tensor) []ggml.Tensor
 	// Replacements returns a list of string pairs to replace in tensor names.
 	// See [strings.Replacer](https://pkg.go.dev/strings#Replacer) for details
 	Replacements() []string
+
+	writeFile(io.WriteSeeker, ggml.KV, []ggml.Tensor) error
 }

-func ConvertAdapter(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File, baseKV ggml.KV) error {
+func ConvertAdapter(fsys fs.FS, ws io.WriteSeeker, baseKV ggml.KV) error {
 	bts, err := fs.ReadFile(fsys, "adapter_config.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@ -147,14 +158,14 @@ func ConvertAdapter(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File, baseKV ggml.KV) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	return writeFile(f, conv.KV(baseKV), conv.Tensors(ts))
+	return conv.writeFile(ws, conv.KV(baseKV), conv.Tensors(ts))
 }

 // Convert writes an Ollama compatible model to the provided io.WriteSeeker based on configurations
 // and files it finds in the input path.
 // Supported input model formats include safetensors.
 // Supported input tokenizers files include tokenizer.json (preferred) and tokenizer.model.
-func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
+func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 	bts, err := fs.ReadFile(fsys, "config.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@ -173,10 +184,6 @@ func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
 	switch p.Architectures[0] {
 	case "LlamaForCausalLM":
 		conv = &llamaModel{}
-	case "MllamaForConditionalGeneration":
-		conv = &mllamaModel{}
-	case "Llama4ForConditionalGeneration":
-		conv = &llama4Model{}
 	case "Mistral3ForConditionalGeneration":
 		conv = &mistral3Model{}
 	case "MixtralForCausalLM":
@ -191,8 +198,6 @@ func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
 		conv = &phi3Model{}
 	case "Qwen2ForCausalLM":
 		conv = &qwen2Model{}
-	case "Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration":
-		conv = &qwen25VLModel{}
 	case "BertModel":
 		conv = &bertModel{}
 	case "CohereForCausalLM":
@ -216,22 +221,24 @@ func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	vocabSize := int(cmp.Or(p.VocabSize, p.TextModel.VocabSize))
+	vocabSize := int(p.VocabSize)
+	if vocabSize == 0 {
+		tVocabSize := int(p.TextModel.VocabSize)
+		vocabSize = tVocabSize
+	}

 	switch {
 	case vocabSize == 0:
-		slog.Debug("vocabulary size was not explicitly set by the model", "default size", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
+		slog.Warn("vocabulary size was not explicitly set by the model", "default size", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
 	case vocabSize > len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens):
-		slog.Debug("vocabulary is smaller than expected, padding with dummy tokens", "expect", vocabSize, "actual", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
+		slog.Warn("vocabulary is smaller than expected, padding with dummy tokens", "expect", vocabSize, "actual", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
 		for i := range vocabSize - len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens) {
 			t.Vocabulary.Tokens = append(t.Vocabulary.Tokens, fmt.Sprintf("[PAD%d]", i))
 			t.Vocabulary.Scores = append(t.Vocabulary.Scores, -1)
 			t.Vocabulary.Types = append(t.Vocabulary.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
 		}
 	case vocabSize < len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens):
-		slog.Debug("vocabulary is larger than expected", "want", vocabSize, "got", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
-		p.VocabSize = uint32(len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
-		p.TextModel.VocabSize = uint32(len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
+		return fmt.Errorf("vocabulary is larger than expected '%d' instead of '%d'", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens), vocabSize)
 	default:
 		slog.Debug("vocabulary", "size", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
 	}
@ -241,13 +248,5 @@ func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	return writeFile(f, conv.KV(t), conv.Tensors(ts))
-}
-
-func writeFile(f *os.File, kv ggml.KV, ts []*ggml.Tensor) error {
-	for i := range ts {
-		ts[i].Shape = slices.Clone(ts[i].Shape)
-		slices.Reverse(ts[i].Shape)
-	}
-	return ggml.WriteGGUF(f, kv, ts)
+	return conv.writeFile(ws, conv.KV(t), conv.Tensors(ts))
 }
--- a/convert/convert_bert.go
+++ b/convert/convert_bert.go
@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ func (p *bertModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *bertModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *bertModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		if slices.Contains([]string{
 			"embeddings.position_ids",
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (p *bertModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 			continue
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_commandr.go
+++ b/convert/convert_commandr.go
@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ func (p *commandrModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *commandrModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *commandrModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_gemma.go
+++ b/convert/convert_gemma.go
@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ func (p *gemmaModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *gemmaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *gemmaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "v.") && strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "_norm.weight") {
 			t.SetRepacker(p.addOne)
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_gemma2_adapter.go
+++ b/convert/convert_gemma2_adapter.go
@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ func (p *gemma2Adapter) KV(baseKV ggml.KV) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *gemma2Adapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *gemma2Adapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		shape := t.Shape()
 		if (strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "weight.lora_a") && shape[0] > shape[1]) ||
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (p *gemma2Adapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 			t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_llama.go
+++ b/convert/convert_llama.go
@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ type llamaModel struct {
 	NumKeyValueHeads      uint32  `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
 	RopeTheta             float32 `json:"rope_theta"`
 	RopeScaling           struct {
-		Type                          string  `json:"type"`
-		RopeType                      string  `json:"rope_type"`
-		Factor                        float32 `json:"factor"`
-		LowFrequencyFactor            float32 `json:"low_freq_factor"`
-		HighFrequencyFactor           float32 `json:"high_freq_factor"`
-		OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings uint32  `json:"original_max_position_embeddings"`
+		Type                            string  `json:"type"`
+		RopeType                        string  `json:"rope_type"`
+		Factor                          float32 `json:"factor"`
+		LowFrequencyFactor              float32 `json:"low_freq_factor"`
+		HighFrequencyFactor             float32 `json:"high_freq_factor"`
+		OriginalMaxPositionalEmbeddings uint32  `json:"original_max_positional_embeddings"`

 		factors ropeFactor
 	} `json:"rope_scaling"`
@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ type llamaModel struct {
 	LayerNormEpsilon float32 `json:"layer_norm_epsilon"`
 	NormEpsilon      float32 `json:"norm_epsilon"`
 	HeadDim          uint32  `json:"head_dim"`
-
-	skipRepack bool
 }

 var _ ModelConverter = (*llamaModel)(nil)
@ -72,10 +70,6 @@ func (p *llamaModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 		kv["llama.rope.dimension_count"] = p.HiddenSize / headCount
 	}

-	if p.HeadDim > 0 {
-		kv["llama.attention.head_dim"] = p.HeadDim
-	}
-
 	if p.RopeTheta > 0 {
 		kv["llama.rope.freq_base"] = p.RopeTheta
 	}
@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ func (p *llamaModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 			factorLow := cmp.Or(p.RopeScaling.LowFrequencyFactor, 1.0)
 			factorHigh := cmp.Or(p.RopeScaling.HighFrequencyFactor, 4.0)

-			original := cmp.Or(p.RopeScaling.OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings, 8192)
+			original := cmp.Or(p.RopeScaling.OriginalMaxPositionalEmbeddings, 8192)
 			lambdaLow := float32(original) / factorLow
 			lambdaHigh := float32(original) / factorHigh

@ -126,11 +120,11 @@ func (p *llamaModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *llamaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *llamaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor

 	if p.RopeScaling.factors != nil {
-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     "rope_freqs.weight",
 			Kind:     0,
 			Shape:    []uint64{uint64(len(p.RopeScaling.factors))},
@ -139,13 +133,12 @@ func (p *llamaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 	}

 	for _, t := range ts {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "attn_q.weight") || strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "attn_k.weight") {
-			if !p.skipRepack {
-				t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
-			}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "attn_q.weight") ||
+			strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "attn_k.weight") {
+			t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_llama4.go
+++ b/convert/convert_llama4.go
@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
-)
-
-type llama4Model struct {
-	ModelParameters
-	TextModel struct {
-		llamaModel
-		NumExpertsPerToken     uint32 `json:"num_experts_per_tok"`
-		NumLocalExperts        uint32 `json:"num_local_experts"`
-		InterleaveMOELayerStep uint32 `json:"interleave_moe_layer_step"`
-		UseQKNorm              bool   `json:"use_qk_norm"`
-		IntermediateSizeMLP    uint32 `json:"intermediate_size_mlp"`
-		AttentionChunkSize     uint32 `json:"attention_chunk_size"`
-	} `json:"text_config"`
-	VisionModel struct {
-		NumHiddenLayers   uint32  `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
-		HiddenSize        uint32  `json:"hidden_size"`
-		IntermediateSize  uint32  `json:"intermediate_size"`
-		NumAttentionHeads uint32  `json:"num_attention_heads"`
-		ImageSize         uint32  `json:"image_size"`
-		PatchSize         uint32  `json:"patch_size"`
-		RopeTheta         float32 `json:"rope_theta"`
-		NormEpsilon       float32 `json:"norm_eps"`
-		PixelShuffleRatio float32 `json:"pixel_shuffle_ratio"`
-	} `json:"vision_config"`
-}
-
-// KV implements ModelConverter.
-func (p *llama4Model) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
-	kv := p.ModelParameters.KV(t)
-	kv["general.architecture"] = "llama4"
-
-	for k, v := range p.TextModel.KV(t) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "llama.") {
-			kv[strings.ReplaceAll(k, "llama.", "llama4.")] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	kv["llama4.feed_forward_length"] = p.TextModel.IntermediateSizeMLP
-	kv["llama4.expert_feed_forward_length"] = p.TextModel.IntermediateSize
-
-	kv["llama4.expert_count"] = p.TextModel.NumLocalExperts
-	kv["llama4.expert_used_count"] = p.TextModel.NumExpertsPerToken
-	kv["llama4.interleave_moe_layer_step"] = p.TextModel.InterleaveMOELayerStep
-	kv["llama4.use_qk_norm"] = p.TextModel.UseQKNorm
-	kv["llama4.attention.chunk_size"] = p.TextModel.AttentionChunkSize
-
-	kv["llama4.vision.block_count"] = p.VisionModel.NumHiddenLayers
-	kv["llama4.vision.embedding_length"] = p.VisionModel.HiddenSize
-	kv["llama4.vision.feed_forward_length"] = p.VisionModel.IntermediateSize
-	kv["llama4.vision.attention.head_count"] = p.VisionModel.NumAttentionHeads
-	kv["llama4.vision.image_size"] = p.VisionModel.ImageSize
-	kv["llama4.vision.patch_size"] = p.VisionModel.PatchSize
-	kv["llama4.vision.rope.freq_base"] = p.VisionModel.RopeTheta
-	kv["llama4.vision.layer_norm_epsilon"] = p.VisionModel.NormEpsilon
-	kv["llama4.vision.pixel_shuffle_ratio"] = p.VisionModel.PixelShuffleRatio
-	return kv
-}
-
-// Replacements implements ModelConverter.
-func (p *llama4Model) Replacements() []string {
-	return append(
-		p.TextModel.Replacements(),
-		"language_model.", "",
-		"vision_model", "v",
-		"multi_modal_projector", "mm",
-		"feed_forward.down_proj", "ffn_down",
-		"feed_forward.up_proj", "ffn_up",
-		"feed_forward.gate_proj", "ffn_gate",
-		"feed_forward.", "ffn_",
-		"shared_expert.down_proj", "down_shexp",
-		"shared_expert.gate_proj", "gate_shexp",
-		"shared_expert.up_proj", "up_shexp",
-		"experts.down_proj", "down_exps.weight",
-		"experts.gate_up_proj", "gate_up_exps.weight",
-		"router", "gate_inp",
-		"patch_embedding.linear", "patch_embedding",
-	)
-}
-
-// Tensors implements ModelConverter.
-func (p *llama4Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
-
-	var textTensors []Tensor
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "v.") || strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "mm.") {
-			out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     t.Name(),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    t.Shape(),
-				WriterTo: t,
-			})
-		} else if strings.Contains(t.Name(), "ffn_gate_up_exps") {
-			// gate and up projectors are fused
-			// dims[1], dims[2] must be swapped
-			// [experts, hidden_size, intermediate_size * 2] --> [experts, intermediate_size, hidden_size]
-			halfDim := int(t.Shape()[2]) / 2
-
-			newShape := slices.Clone(t.Shape())
-			newShape[1], newShape[2] = newShape[2]/2, newShape[1]
-			for i, name := range []string{"ffn_gate_exps", "ffn_up_exps"} {
-				// clone tensor since we need separate repackers
-				tt := t.Clone()
-				tt.SetRepacker(p.repack(nil, nil, tensor.S(i*halfDim, (i+1)*halfDim)))
-				out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-					Name:     strings.ReplaceAll(tt.Name(), "ffn_gate_up_exps", name),
-					Kind:     tt.Kind(),
-					Shape:    newShape,
-					WriterTo: tt,
-				})
-			}
-		} else if strings.Contains(t.Name(), "ffn_down_exps") {
-			// dims[1], dims[2] must be swapped
-			// [experts, intermediate_size, hidden_size] --> [experts, hidden_size, intermediate_size]
-			t.SetRepacker(p.repack())
-			newShape := slices.Clone(t.Shape())
-			newShape[1], newShape[2] = newShape[2], newShape[1]
-			out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     t.Name(),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    newShape,
-				WriterTo: t,
-			})
-		} else {
-			textTensors = append(textTensors, t)
-		}
-	}
-
-	p.TextModel.skipRepack = true
-	out = append(out, p.TextModel.Tensors(textTensors)...)
-	return out
-}
-
-func (p *llama4Model) repack(slice ...tensor.Slice) Repacker {
-	return func(name string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-		dims := make([]int, len(shape))
-		for i, dim := range shape {
-			dims[i] = int(dim)
-		}
-
-		var t tensor.Tensor = tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(dims...), tensor.WithBacking(data))
-		t, err := t.Slice(slice...)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if err := t.T(0, 2, 1); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		t = tensor.Materialize(t)
-		// flatten tensor so it can be return as a vector
-		if err := t.Reshape(t.Shape().TotalSize()); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return native.VectorF32(t.(*tensor.Dense))
-	}
-}
--- a/convert/convert_llama_adapter.go
+++ b/convert/convert_llama_adapter.go
@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ func (p *llamaAdapter) KV(baseKV ggml.KV) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *llamaAdapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *llamaAdapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		shape := t.Shape()
 		if (strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "weight.lora_a") && shape[0] > shape[1]) ||
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func (p *llamaAdapter) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 			t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    shape,
--- a/convert/convert_mistral.go
+++ b/convert/convert_mistral.go
@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ func (p *mistral3Model) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *mistral3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (p *mistral3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor

 	for _, t := range ts {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "v.") {
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func (p *mistral3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 			}
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_mixtral.go
+++ b/convert/convert_mixtral.go
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (p *mixtralModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *mixtralModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
+func (p *mixtralModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
 	oldnew := []string{
 		"model.layers", "blk",
 		"w1", "ffn_gate_exps",
@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ func (p *mixtralModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 		return true
 	})

-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for n, e := range experts {
 		// TODO(mxyng): sanity check experts
-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     n,
 			Kind:     e[0].Kind(),
 			Shape:    append([]uint64{uint64(len(e))}, e[0].Shape()...),
--- a/convert/convert_mllama.go
+++ b/convert/convert_mllama.go
@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
-)
-
-type mllamaModel struct {
-	ModelParameters
-	TextModel struct {
-		llamaModel
-
-		CrossAttentionLayers []int32 `json:"cross_attention_layers"`
-	} `json:"text_config"`
-	VisionModel struct {
-		NumHiddenLayers           uint32  `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
-		NumGlobalLayers           uint32  `json:"num_global_layers"`
-		IntermediateLayersIndices []int32 `json:"intermediate_layers_indices"`
-
-		HiddenSize       uint32 `json:"hidden_size"`
-		IntermediateSize uint32 `json:"intermediate_size"`
-
-		AttentionHeads uint32 `json:"attention_heads"`
-
-		ImageSize   uint32  `json:"image_size"`
-		PatchSize   uint32  `json:"patch_size"`
-		NumChannels uint32  `json:"num_channels"`
-		MaxNumTiles uint32  `json:"max_num_tiles"`
-		NormEpsilon float32 `json:"norm_eps"`
-		RopeTheta   float32 `json:"rope.freq_base"`
-	} `json:"vision_config"`
-}
-
-func (m *mllamaModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
-	kv := m.ModelParameters.KV(t)
-	kv["general.architecture"] = "mllama"
-
-	for k, v := range m.TextModel.KV(t) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "llama.") {
-			kv[strings.ReplaceAll(k, "llama.", "mllama.")] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	kv["mllama.attention.cross_attention_layers"] = m.TextModel.CrossAttentionLayers
-
-	kv["mllama.vision.block_count"] = m.VisionModel.NumHiddenLayers
-	kv["mllama.vision.global.block_count"] = m.VisionModel.NumGlobalLayers
-	kv["mllama.vision.intermediate_layers_indices"] = m.VisionModel.IntermediateLayersIndices
-
-	kv["mllama.vision.embedding_length"] = m.VisionModel.HiddenSize
-	kv["mllama.vision.feed_forward_length"] = m.VisionModel.IntermediateSize
-
-	kv["mllama.vision.attention.head_count"] = m.VisionModel.AttentionHeads
-	kv["mllama.vision.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"] = m.VisionModel.NormEpsilon
-
-	kv["mllama.vision.image_size"] = m.VisionModel.ImageSize
-	kv["mllama.vision.patch_size"] = m.VisionModel.PatchSize
-	kv["mllama.vision.max_num_tiles"] = m.VisionModel.MaxNumTiles
-	kv["mllama.vision.num_channels"] = m.VisionModel.NumChannels
-
-	return kv
-}
-
-func (m *mllamaModel) Replacements() []string {
-	return append(
-		m.TextModel.Replacements(),
-		"language_model.", "",
-		"gate_attn", "attn_gate",
-		"gate_ffn", "ffn_gate",
-		"cross_attn.", "cross_attn_",
-		"vision_model", "v",
-		"class_embedding", "class_embd",
-		"patch_embedding", "patch_embd",
-		"gated_positional_embedding.tile_embedding", "tile_position_embd",
-		"gated_positional_embedding.embedding", "position_embd.weight",
-		"gated_positional_embedding", "position_embd",
-		"embedding.weight", "weight",
-		"pre_tile_positional_embedding", "pre_tile_position_embd",
-		"post_tile_positional_embedding", "post_tile_position_embd",
-		"layernorm_pre", "pre_ln",
-		"layernorm_post", "post_ln",
-		"global_transformer.layers", "global.blk",
-		"transformer.layers", "blk",
-		"mlp.fc1", "ffn_up",
-		"mlp.fc2", "ffn_down",
-		"multi_modal_projector", "mm.0",
-	)
-}
-
-func (m *mllamaModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
-	var text []Tensor
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		if t.Name() == "v.position_embd.gate" {
-			for _, name := range []string{"v.position_embd.gate", "v.tile_position_embd.gate"} {
-				tt := t.Clone()
-				tt.SetRepacker(m.repack(name))
-				out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-					Name:     name,
-					Kind:     t.Kind(),
-					Shape:    t.Shape(),
-					WriterTo: tt,
-				})
-			}
-		} else if t.Name() == "v.pre_tile_position_embd.gate" || t.Name() == "v.post_tile_position_embd.gate" {
-			t.SetRepacker(m.repack(t.Name()))
-			out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     t.Name(),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    t.Shape(),
-				WriterTo: t,
-			})
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "v.") || strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "mm.") {
-			out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     t.Name(),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    t.Shape(),
-				WriterTo: t,
-			})
-		} else {
-			text = append(text, t)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return append(out, m.TextModel.Tensors(text)...)
-}
-
-func (m *mllamaModel) repack(name string) Repacker {
-	return func(_ string, data []float32, shape []uint64) (_ []float32, err error) {
-		dims := make([]int, len(shape))
-		for i, dim := range shape {
-			dims[i] = int(dim)
-		}
-
-		var t tensor.Tensor = tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(dims...), tensor.WithBacking(data))
-
-		t, err = tensor.Tanh(t)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if name == "v.position_embd.gate" {
-			t, err = tensor.Sub(float32(1), t)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-
-		t = tensor.Materialize(t)
-		// flatten tensor so it can be return as a vector
-		if err := t.Reshape(t.Shape().TotalSize()); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return native.VectorF32(t.(*tensor.Dense))
-	}
-}
--- a/convert/convert_phi3.go
+++ b/convert/convert_phi3.go
@ -68,19 +68,19 @@ func (p *phi3Model) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	return kv
 }

-func (p *phi3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
+func (p *phi3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
 	var addRopeFactors sync.Once

-	out := make([]*ggml.Tensor, 0, len(ts)+2)
+	out := make([]ggml.Tensor, 0, len(ts)+2)
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(t.Name(), "blk.0.") {
 			addRopeFactors.Do(func() {
-				out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+				out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 					Name:     "rope_factors_long.weight",
 					Kind:     0,
 					Shape:    []uint64{uint64(len(p.RopeScaling.LongFactor))},
 					WriterTo: p.RopeScaling.LongFactor,
-				}, &ggml.Tensor{
+				}, ggml.Tensor{
 					Name:     "rope_factors_short.weight",
 					Kind:     0,
 					Shape:    []uint64{uint64(len(p.RopeScaling.ShortFactor))},
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (p *phi3Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
 			})
 		}

-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
@ -118,5 +118,6 @@ func (p *phi3Model) Replacements() []string {
 type ropeFactor []float32

 func (r ropeFactor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, r)
+	err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, r)
+	return 0, err
 }
--- a/convert/convert_qwen2.go
+++ b/convert/convert_qwen2.go
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ type qwen2Model struct {
 		Type                          string     `json:"type"`
 		Factor                        ropeFactor `json:"factor"`
 		OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings uint32     `json:"original_max_position_embeddings"`
-		MropeSection                  []int32    `json:"mrope_section"`
 	} `json:"rope_scaling"`
 	RMSNormEPS float32 `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
 }
@ -40,18 +39,16 @@ func (q *qwen2Model) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
 	case "yarn":
 		kv["qwen2.rope.scaling.type"] = q.RopeScaling.Type
 		kv["qwen2.rope.scaling.factor"] = q.RopeScaling.Factor
-	case "mrope", "default":
-		kv["qwen2.rope.mrope_section"] = q.RopeScaling.MropeSection
 	default:
 		panic("unknown rope scaling type")
 	}
 	return kv
 }

-func (q *qwen2Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
+func (q *qwen2Model) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []ggml.Tensor {
+	var out []ggml.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
-		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, ggml.Tensor{
 			Name:     t.Name(),
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
--- a/convert/convert_qwen25vl.go
+++ b/convert/convert_qwen25vl.go
@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"cmp"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
-)
-
-type qwen25VLModel struct {
-	qwen2Model
-
-	VisionModel struct {
-		Depth               uint32  `json:"depth"`
-		HiddenSize          uint32  `json:"hidden_size"`
-		NumHeads            uint32  `json:"num_heads"`
-		InChannels          uint32  `json:"in_chans"`
-		PatchSize           uint32  `json:"patch_size"`
-		SpatialMergeSize    uint32  `json:"spatial_merge_size"`
-		SpatialPatchSize    uint32  `json:"spatial_patch_size"`
-		WindowSize          uint32  `json:"window_size"`
-		RMSNormEps          float32 `json:"layer_norm_epsilon"`
-		RopeTheta           float32 `json:"rope_theta"`
-		FullAttentionBlocks []int32 `json:"fullatt_block_indexes"`
-		TemporalPatchSize   uint32  `json:"temporal_patch_size"`
-	} `json:"vision_config"`
-}
-
-var _ ModelConverter = (*qwen25VLModel)(nil)
-
-func (q *qwen25VLModel) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
-	kv := q.ModelParameters.KV(t)
-	kv["general.architecture"] = "qwen25vl"
-
-	for k, v := range q.qwen2Model.KV(t) {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(k, "qwen2.") {
-			kv[strings.Replace(k, "qwen2.", "qwen25vl.", 1)] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	if q.VisionModel.FullAttentionBlocks == nil {
-		kv["qwen25vl.vision.fullatt_block_indexes"] = []int32{7, 15, 23, 31}
-	}
-
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.block_count"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.Depth, 32)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.embedding_length"] = q.VisionModel.HiddenSize
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.attention.head_count"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.NumHeads, 16)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.num_channels"] = q.VisionModel.InChannels
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.patch_size"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.PatchSize, 14)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.spatial_merge_size"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.SpatialMergeSize, 2)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.spatial_patch_size"] = q.VisionModel.SpatialPatchSize
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.window_size"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.WindowSize, 112)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.RMSNormEps, 1e-6)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.rope.freq_base"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.RopeTheta, 1e4)
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.fullatt_block_indexes"] = q.VisionModel.FullAttentionBlocks
-	kv["qwen25vl.vision.temporal_patch_size"] = cmp.Or(q.VisionModel.TemporalPatchSize, 2)
-
-	return kv
-}
-
-func (q *qwen25VLModel) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*ggml.Tensor {
-	var out []*ggml.Tensor
-
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		if strings.Contains(t.Name(), "patch_embed.proj") {
-			for t := range splitDim(t, 2,
-				strings.NewReplacer("patch_embed.proj", "patch_embd_0"),
-				strings.NewReplacer("patch_embed.proj", "patch_embd_1"),
-			) {
-				t.Shape = slices.DeleteFunc(t.Shape, func(i uint64) bool { return i == 1 })
-				out = append(out, t)
-			}
-		} else if strings.Contains(t.Name(), "attn.qkv") {
-			out = append(out, slices.Collect(splitDim(t, 0,
-				strings.NewReplacer("attn.qkv", "attn_q"),
-				strings.NewReplacer("attn.qkv", "attn_k"),
-				strings.NewReplacer("attn.qkv", "attn_v"),
-			))...)
-		} else {
-			out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     t.Name(),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    t.Shape(),
-				WriterTo: t,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func (p *qwen25VLModel) Replacements() []string {
-	return append(
-		p.qwen2Model.Replacements(),
-		"visual", "v",
-		"blocks", "blk",
-		"attn.proj", "attn_out",
-		"norm1", "ln1",
-		"norm2", "ln2",
-	)
-}
--- a/convert/convert_test.go
+++ b/convert/convert_test.go
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
+	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ func convertFull(t *testing.T, fsys fs.FS) (*os.File, ggml.KV, ggml.Tensors) {
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { r.Close() })

-	m, _, err := ggml.Decode(r, -1)
+	m, _, err := ggml.Decode(r, math.MaxInt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@ -130,7 +131,6 @@ func TestConvertModel(t *testing.T) {
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			defer expectFile.Close()

 			var expect map[string]string
 			if err := json.NewDecoder(expectFile).Decode(&expect); err != nil {
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ func TestConvertAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			defer r.Close()

-			m, _, err := ggml.Decode(r, -1)
+			m, _, err := ggml.Decode(r, math.MaxInt)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
--- a/convert/fs.go
+++ b/convert/fs.go
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+type ZipReader struct {
+	r *zip.Reader
+	p string
+
+	// limit is the maximum size of a file that can be read directly
+	// from the zip archive. Files larger than this size will be extracted
+	limit int64
+}
+
+func NewZipReader(r *zip.Reader, p string, limit int64) fs.FS {
+	return &ZipReader{r, p, limit}
+}
+
+func (z *ZipReader) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
+	r, err := z.r.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+
+	if fi, err := r.Stat(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if fi.Size() < z.limit {
+		return r, nil
+	}
+
+	if !filepath.IsLocal(name) {
+		return nil, zip.ErrInsecurePath
+	}
+
+	n := filepath.Join(z.p, name)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(n); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		w, err := os.Create(n)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer w.Close()
+
+		if _, err := io.Copy(w, r); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return os.Open(n)
+}
--- a/convert/reader.go
+++ b/convert/reader.go
@ -11,15 +11,14 @@ type Tensor interface {
 	Name() string
 	Shape() []uint64
 	Kind() uint32
-	SetRepacker(Repacker)
+	SetRepacker(repacker)
 	WriteTo(io.Writer) (int64, error)
-	Clone() Tensor
 }

 type tensorBase struct {
-	name     string
-	shape    []uint64
-	repacker Repacker
+	name  string
+	shape []uint64
+	repacker
 }

 func (t tensorBase) Name() string {
@ -37,11 +36,7 @@ const (

 func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
 	if strings.HasSuffix(t.name, ".ffn_gate_inp.weight") ||
-		t.name == "token_types.weight" ||
-		t.name == "v.positional_embedding_vlm" ||
-		t.name == "v.tile_position_embd.weight" ||
-		t.name == "v.pre_tile_position_embd.weight" ||
-		t.name == "v.post_tile_position_embd.weight" {
+		t.name == "token_types.weight" {
 		// these tensors are always F32
 		return 0
 	}
@ -56,11 +51,11 @@ func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
 	}
 }

-func (t *tensorBase) SetRepacker(fn Repacker) {
+func (t *tensorBase) SetRepacker(fn repacker) {
 	t.repacker = fn
 }

-type Repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
+type repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)

 func parseTensors(fsys fs.FS, replacer *strings.Replacer) ([]Tensor, error) {
 	patterns := []struct {
--- a/convert/reader_safetensors.go
+++ b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
@ -94,21 +94,6 @@ type safetensor struct {
 	*tensorBase
 }

-func (st safetensor) Clone() Tensor {
-	return &safetensor{
-		fs:     st.fs,
-		path:   st.path,
-		dtype:  st.dtype,
-		offset: st.offset,
-		size:   st.size,
-		tensorBase: &tensorBase{
-			name:     st.name,
-			repacker: st.repacker,
-			shape:    slices.Clone(st.shape),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
 func (st safetensor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
 	f, err := st.fs.Open(st.path)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/convert/reader_torch.go
+++ b/convert/reader_torch.go
@ -43,17 +43,6 @@ type torch struct {
 	*tensorBase
 }

-func (t torch) Clone() Tensor {
-	return torch{
-		storage: t.storage,
-		tensorBase: &tensorBase{
-			name:     t.name,
-			shape:    t.shape,
-			repacker: t.repacker,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
 func (pt torch) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
--- a/convert/tensor.go
+++ b/convert/tensor.go
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"iter"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
-)
-
-// splitDim splits a tensor along a specified dimension into multiple tensors. The dimension
-// is split evenly based on the number of replacers provided.
-func splitDim(t Tensor, dim int, replacers ...*strings.Replacer) iter.Seq[*ggml.Tensor] {
-	return func(yield func(*ggml.Tensor) bool) {
-		for i, replacer := range replacers {
-			shape := slices.Clone(t.Shape())
-			shape[dim] = shape[dim] / uint64(len(replacers))
-
-			slice := slices.Repeat([]tensor.Slice{nil}, len(shape))
-			slice[dim] = tensor.S(i*int(shape[dim]), (i+1)*int(shape[dim]))
-
-			tt := t.Clone()
-			tt.SetRepacker(func(_ string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-				dims := make([]int, len(shape))
-				for i := range shape {
-					dims[i] = int(shape[i])
-				}
-
-				var t tensor.Tensor = tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(dims...), tensor.WithBacking(data))
-				t, err := t.Slice(slice...)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-
-				t = tensor.Materialize(t)
-				// flatten tensor so it can be written as a vector
-				if err := t.Reshape(t.Shape().TotalSize()); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-
-				return native.VectorF32(t.(*tensor.Dense))
-			})
-
-			if !yield(&ggml.Tensor{
-				Name:     replacer.Replace(t.Name()),
-				Kind:     t.Kind(),
-				Shape:    shape,
-				WriterTo: tt,
-			}) {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/discover/gpu.go
+++ b/discover/gpu.go
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ func loadOneapiMgmt(oneapiLibPaths []string) (int, *C.oneapi_handle_t, string, e
 }

 func getVerboseState() C.uint16_t {
-	if envconfig.LogLevel() < slog.LevelInfo {
+	if envconfig.Debug() {
 		return C.uint16_t(1)
 	}
 	return C.uint16_t(0)
--- a/discover/gpu_info.h
+++ b/discover/gpu_info.h
@ -27,14 +27,12 @@

 #endif

-#ifndef LOG
 #define LOG(verbose, ...) \
  do { \
    if (verbose) { \
      fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
    } \
  } while (0)
-#endif

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
--- a/discover/gpu_info_cudart.c
+++ b/discover/gpu_info_cudart.c
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef __APPLE__  // TODO - maybe consider nvidia support on intel macs?

 #include <string.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
 #include "gpu_info_cudart.h"

 void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "cudaSetDevice err: %d\n", ret);
    UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
    resp->ch.handle = NULL;
-    if (ret == CUDART_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER) {
+    if (ret == CUDA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER) {
      resp->err = strdup("your nvidia driver is too old or missing.  If you have a CUDA GPU please upgrade to run ollama");
      return;
    }
@ -169,9 +168,9 @@ void cudart_bootstrap(cudart_handle_t h, int i, mem_info_t *resp) {
  resp->free = memInfo.free;
  resp->used = memInfo.used;

-  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %" PRId64 "\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total);
-  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %" PRId64 "\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free);
-  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA usedMem %" PRId64 "\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->used);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA usedMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->used);
  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] Compute Capability %d.%d\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->major, resp->minor);
 }

@ -181,4 +180,4 @@ void cudart_release(cudart_handle_t h) {
  h.handle = NULL;
 }

-#endif  // __APPLE__
+#endif  // __APPLE__
--- a/discover/gpu_info_nvcuda.c
+++ b/discover/gpu_info_nvcuda.c
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef __APPLE__  // TODO - maybe consider nvidia support on intel macs?

 #include <string.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
 #include "gpu_info_nvcuda.h"

 void nvcuda_init(char *nvcuda_lib_path, nvcuda_init_resp_t *resp) {
@ -194,8 +193,8 @@ void nvcuda_bootstrap(nvcuda_handle_t h, int i, mem_info_t *resp) {
  resp->total = memInfo.total;
  resp->free = memInfo.free;

-  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %" PRId64 "mb\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total / 1024 / 1024);
-  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %" PRId64 "mb\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free / 1024 / 1024);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %lu mb\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total / 1024 / 1024);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %lu mb\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free / 1024 / 1024);
  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] Compute Capability %d.%d\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->major, resp->minor);

  
@ -248,4 +247,4 @@ void nvcuda_release(nvcuda_handle_t h) {
  h.handle = NULL;
 }

-#endif  // __APPLE__
+#endif  // __APPLE__
--- a/docs/api.md
+++ b/docs/api.md
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@

 ### Model names

-Model names follow a `model:tag` format, where `model` can have an optional namespace such as `example/model`. Some examples are `orca-mini:3b-q8_0` and `llama3:70b`. The tag is optional and, if not provided, will default to `latest`. The tag is used to identify a specific version.
+Model names follow a `model:tag` format, where `model` can have an optional namespace such as `example/model`. Some examples are `orca-mini:3b-q4_1` and `llama3:70b`. The tag is optional and, if not provided, will default to `latest`. The tag is used to identify a specific version.

 ### Durations

@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{

 ##### Response

-```json5
+```json
 {
  "model": "codellama:code",
  "created_at": "2024-07-22T20:47:51.147561Z",
@ -394,6 +394,9 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
    "repeat_penalty": 1.2,
    "presence_penalty": 1.5,
    "frequency_penalty": 1.0,
+    "mirostat": 1,
+    "mirostat_tau": 0.8,
+    "mirostat_eta": 0.6,
    "penalize_newline": true,
    "stop": ["\n", "user:"],
    "numa": false,
@ -401,7 +404,10 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
    "num_batch": 2,
    "num_gpu": 1,
    "main_gpu": 0,
+    "low_vram": false,
+    "vocab_only": false,
    "use_mmap": true,
+    "use_mlock": false,
    "num_thread": 8
  }
 }'
@ -952,8 +958,19 @@ If you are creating a model from a safetensors directory or from a GGUF file, yo

 | Type | Recommended |
 | --- | :-: |
+| q2_K | |
+| q3_K_L | |
+| q3_K_M | |
+| q3_K_S | |
+| q4_0 | |
+| q4_1 | |
 | q4_K_M | * |
 | q4_K_S | |
+| q5_0 | |
+| q5_1 | |
+| q5_K_M | |
+| q5_K_S | |
+| q6_K | |
 | q8_0 | * |

 ### Examples
@ -998,8 +1015,8 @@ Quantize a non-quantized model.

 ```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/create -d '{
-  "model": "llama3.2:quantized",
-  "from": "llama3.2:3b-instruct-fp16",
+  "model": "llama3.1:quantized",
+  "from": "llama3.1:8b-instruct-fp16",
  "quantize": "q4_K_M"
 }'
 ```
@ -1009,14 +1026,12 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/create -d '{
 A stream of JSON objects is returned:

 ```json
-{"status":"quantizing F16 model to Q4_K_M","digest":"0","total":6433687776,"completed":12302}
-{"status":"quantizing F16 model to Q4_K_M","digest":"0","total":6433687776,"completed":6433687552}
-{"status":"verifying conversion"}
-{"status":"creating new layer sha256:fb7f4f211b89c6c4928ff4ddb73db9f9c0cfca3e000c3e40d6cf27ddc6ca72eb"}
-{"status":"using existing layer sha256:966de95ca8a62200913e3f8bfbf84c8494536f1b94b49166851e76644e966396"}
-{"status":"using existing layer sha256:fcc5a6bec9daf9b561a68827b67ab6088e1dba9d1fa2a50d7bbcc8384e0a265d"}
-{"status":"using existing layer sha256:a70ff7e570d97baaf4e62ac6e6ad9975e04caa6d900d3742d37698494479e0cd"}
+{"status":"quantizing F16 model to Q4_K_M"}
+{"status":"creating new layer sha256:667b0c1932bc6ffc593ed1d03f895bf2dc8dc6df21db3042284a6f4416b06a29"}
+{"status":"using existing layer sha256:11ce4ee3e170f6adebac9a991c22e22ab3f8530e154ee669954c4bc73061c258"}
+{"status":"using existing layer sha256:0ba8f0e314b4264dfd19df045cde9d4c394a52474bf92ed6a3de22a4ca31a177"}
 {"status":"using existing layer sha256:56bb8bd477a519ffa694fc449c2413c6f0e1d3b1c88fa7e3c9d88d3ae49d4dcb"}
+{"status":"creating new layer sha256:455f34728c9b5dd3376378bfb809ee166c145b0b4c1f1a6feca069055066ef9a"}
 {"status":"writing manifest"}
 {"status":"success"}
 ```
@ -1154,37 +1169,29 @@ A single JSON object will be returned.
 {
  "models": [
    {
-      "name": "deepseek-r1:latest",
-      "model": "deepseek-r1:latest",
-      "modified_at": "2025-05-10T08:06:48.639712648-07:00",
-      "size": 4683075271,
-      "digest": "0a8c266910232fd3291e71e5ba1e058cc5af9d411192cf88b6d30e92b6e73163",
+      "name": "codellama:13b",
+      "modified_at": "2023-11-04T14:56:49.277302595-07:00",
+      "size": 7365960935,
+      "digest": "9f438cb9cd581fc025612d27f7c1a6669ff83a8bb0ed86c94fcf4c5440555697",
      "details": {
-        "parent_model": "",
        "format": "gguf",
-        "family": "qwen2",
-        "families": [
-          "qwen2"
-        ],
-        "parameter_size": "7.6B",
-        "quantization_level": "Q4_K_M"
+        "family": "llama",
+        "families": null,
+        "parameter_size": "13B",
+        "quantization_level": "Q4_0"
      }
    },
    {
-      "name": "llama3.2:latest",
-      "model": "llama3.2:latest",
-      "modified_at": "2025-05-04T17:37:44.706015396-07:00",
-      "size": 2019393189,
-      "digest": "a80c4f17acd55265feec403c7aef86be0c25983ab279d83f3bcd3abbcb5b8b72",
+      "name": "llama3:latest",
+      "modified_at": "2023-12-07T09:32:18.757212583-08:00",
+      "size": 3825819519,
+      "digest": "fe938a131f40e6f6d40083c9f0f430a515233eb2edaa6d72eb85c50d64f2300e",
      "details": {
-        "parent_model": "",
        "format": "gguf",
        "family": "llama",
-        "families": [
-          "llama"
-        ],
-        "parameter_size": "3.2B",
-        "quantization_level": "Q4_K_M"
+        "families": null,
+        "parameter_size": "7B",
+        "quantization_level": "Q4_0"
      }
    }
  ]
@ -1216,7 +1223,7 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/show -d '{

 #### Response

-```json5
+```json
 {
  "modelfile": "# Modelfile generated by \"ollama show\"\n# To build a new Modelfile based on this one, replace the FROM line with:\n# FROM llava:latest\n\nFROM /Users/matt/.ollama/models/blobs/sha256:200765e1283640ffbd013184bf496e261032fa75b99498a9613be4e94d63ad52\nTEMPLATE \"\"\"{{ .System }}\nUSER: {{ .Prompt }}\nASSISTANT: \"\"\"\nPARAMETER num_ctx 4096\nPARAMETER stop \"\u003c/s\u003e\"\nPARAMETER stop \"USER:\"\nPARAMETER stop \"ASSISTANT:\"",
  "parameters": "num_keep                       24\nstop                           \"<|start_header_id|>\"\nstop                           \"<|end_header_id|>\"\nstop                           \"<|eot_id|>\"",
--- a/docs/faq.md
+++ b/docs/faq.md
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Please refer to the [GPU docs](./gpu.md).

 ## How can I specify the context window size?

-By default, Ollama uses a context window size of 4096 tokens. 
+By default, Ollama uses a context window size of 2048 tokens. 

 This can be overridden with the `OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH` environment variable. For example, to set the default context window to 8K, use: 

--- a/docs/modelfile.md
+++ b/docs/modelfile.md
@ -150,6 +150,9 @@ PARAMETER <parameter> <parametervalue>

 | Parameter      | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Value Type | Example Usage        |
 | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------- |
+| mirostat       | Enable Mirostat sampling for controlling perplexity. (default: 0, 0 = disabled, 1 = Mirostat, 2 = Mirostat 2.0)                                                                                                                                         | int        | mirostat 0           |
+| mirostat_eta   | Influences how quickly the algorithm responds to feedback from the generated text. A lower learning rate will result in slower adjustments, while a higher learning rate will make the algorithm more responsive. (Default: 0.1)                        | float      | mirostat_eta 0.1     |
+| mirostat_tau   | Controls the balance between coherence and diversity of the output. A lower value will result in more focused and coherent text. (Default: 5.0)                                                                                                         | float      | mirostat_tau 5.0     |
 | num_ctx        | Sets the size of the context window used to generate the next token. (Default: 2048)                                                                                                                                                                    | int        | num_ctx 4096         |
 | repeat_last_n  | Sets how far back for the model to look back to prevent repetition. (Default: 64, 0 = disabled, -1 = num_ctx)                                                                                                                                           | int        | repeat_last_n 64     |
 | repeat_penalty | Sets how strongly to penalize repetitions. A higher value (e.g., 1.5) will penalize repetitions more strongly, while a lower value (e.g., 0.9) will be more lenient. (Default: 1.1)                                                                     | float      | repeat_penalty 1.1   |
--- a/docs/template.md
+++ b/docs/template.md
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A basic Go template consists of three main parts:

 Here's an example of a simple chat template:

-```go
+```gotmpl
 {{- range .Messages }}
 {{ .Role }}: {{ .Content }}
 {{- end }}
@ -162,6 +162,6 @@ CodeLlama [7B](https://ollama.com/library/codellama:7b-code) and [13B](https://o

 Codestral [22B](https://ollama.com/library/codestral:22b) supports fill-in-middle.

-```go
+```gotmpl
 [SUFFIX]{{ .Suffix }}[PREFIX] {{ .Prompt }}
 ```
--- a/envconfig/config.go
+++ b/envconfig/config.go
@ -149,22 +149,9 @@ func Bool(k string) func() bool {
 	}
 }

-// LogLevel returns the log level for the application.
-// Values are 0 or false INFO (Default), 1 or true DEBUG, 2 TRACE
-func LogLevel() slog.Level {
-	level := slog.LevelInfo
-	if s := Var("OLLAMA_DEBUG"); s != "" {
-		if b, _ := strconv.ParseBool(s); b {
-			level = slog.LevelDebug
-		} else if i, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64); i != 0 {
-			level = slog.Level(i * -4)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return level
-}
-
 var (
+	// Debug enabled additional debug information.
+	Debug = Bool("OLLAMA_DEBUG")
 	// FlashAttention enables the experimental flash attention feature.
 	FlashAttention = Bool("OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION")
 	// KvCacheType is the quantization type for the K/V cache.
@ -182,7 +169,7 @@ var (
 	// Enable the new Ollama engine
 	NewEngine = Bool("OLLAMA_NEW_ENGINE")
 	// ContextLength sets the default context length
-	ContextLength = Uint("OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", 4096)
+	ContextLength = Uint("OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", 2048)
 )

 func String(s string) func() string {
@ -222,6 +209,8 @@ var (
 	MaxRunners = Uint("OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS", 0)
 	// MaxQueue sets the maximum number of queued requests. MaxQueue can be configured via the OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE environment variable.
 	MaxQueue = Uint("OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE", 512)
+	// MaxVRAM sets a maximum VRAM override in bytes. MaxVRAM can be configured via the OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM environment variable.
+	MaxVRAM = Uint("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM", 0)
 )

 func Uint64(key string, defaultValue uint64) func() uint64 {
@ -249,7 +238,7 @@ type EnvVar struct {

 func AsMap() map[string]EnvVar {
 	ret := map[string]EnvVar{
-		"OLLAMA_DEBUG":             {"OLLAMA_DEBUG", LogLevel(), "Show additional debug information (e.g. OLLAMA_DEBUG=1)"},
+		"OLLAMA_DEBUG":             {"OLLAMA_DEBUG", Debug(), "Show additional debug information (e.g. OLLAMA_DEBUG=1)"},
 		"OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION":   {"OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION", FlashAttention(), "Enabled flash attention"},
 		"OLLAMA_KV_CACHE_TYPE":     {"OLLAMA_KV_CACHE_TYPE", KvCacheType(), "Quantization type for the K/V cache (default: f16)"},
 		"OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD":      {"OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD", GpuOverhead(), "Reserve a portion of VRAM per GPU (bytes)"},
@ -266,7 +255,7 @@ func AsMap() map[string]EnvVar {
 		"OLLAMA_ORIGINS":           {"OLLAMA_ORIGINS", AllowedOrigins(), "A comma separated list of allowed origins"},
 		"OLLAMA_SCHED_SPREAD":      {"OLLAMA_SCHED_SPREAD", SchedSpread(), "Always schedule model across all GPUs"},
 		"OLLAMA_MULTIUSER_CACHE":   {"OLLAMA_MULTIUSER_CACHE", MultiUserCache(), "Optimize prompt caching for multi-user scenarios"},
-		"OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH":    {"OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", ContextLength(), "Context length to use unless otherwise specified (default: 4096)"},
+		"OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH":    {"OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", ContextLength(), "Context length to use unless otherwise specified (default: 2048)"},
 		"OLLAMA_NEW_ENGINE":        {"OLLAMA_NEW_ENGINE", NewEngine(), "Enable the new Ollama engine"},

 		// Informational
--- a/envconfig/config_test.go
+++ b/envconfig/config_test.go
@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 package envconfig

 import (
-	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
 )

 func TestHost(t *testing.T) {
@ -281,8 +279,8 @@ func TestVar(t *testing.T) {

 func TestContextLength(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := map[string]uint{
-		"":     4096,
-		"2048": 2048,
+		"":     2048,
+		"4096": 4096,
 	}

 	for k, v := range cases {
@ -294,34 +292,3 @@ func TestContextLength(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := map[string]slog.Level{
-		// Default to INFO
-		"":      slog.LevelInfo,
-		"false": slog.LevelInfo,
-		"f":     slog.LevelInfo,
-		"0":     slog.LevelInfo,
-
-		// True values enable Debug
-		"true": slog.LevelDebug,
-		"t":    slog.LevelDebug,
-
-		// Positive values increase verbosity
-		"1": slog.LevelDebug,
-		"2": logutil.LevelTrace,
-
-		// Negative values decrease verbosity
-		"-1": slog.LevelWarn,
-		"-2": slog.LevelError,
-	}
-
-	for k, v := range cases {
-		t.Run(k, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_DEBUG", k)
-			if i := LogLevel(); i != v {
-				t.Errorf("%s: expected %d, got %d", k, v, i)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/fs/config.go
+++ b/fs/config.go
@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ type Config interface {
 	Bool(string, ...bool) bool

 	Strings(string, ...[]string) []string
-	Ints(string, ...[]int32) []int32
+	Uints(string, ...[]uint32) []uint32
 	Floats(string, ...[]float32) []float32
 }
--- a/fs/ggml/ggml.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/ggml.go
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
-	"math"
+	"reflect"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"

@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ func (kv KV) Kind() string {
 }

 func (kv KV) ParameterCount() uint64 {
-	return keyValue(kv, "general.parameter_count", uint64(0))
+	return keyValue[uint64](kv, "general.parameter_count")
 }

-func (kv KV) FileType() FileType {
+func (kv KV) FileType() fileType {
 	if t := kv.Uint("general.file_type"); t > 0 {
-		return FileType(t)
+		return fileType(t)
 	}

-	return FileTypeUnknown
+	return fileTypeUnknown
 }

 func (kv KV) BlockCount() uint64 {
@ -53,32 +53,80 @@ func (kv KV) EmbeddingLength() uint64 {
 	return uint64(kv.Uint("embedding_length"))
 }

-func (kv KV) HeadCount() uint64 {
-	return uint64(kv.Uint("attention.head_count"))
+func (kv KV) HeadCounts() []uint64 {
+	return kv.UintOrArrayAsArray("attention.head_count", kv.BlockCount(), 1)
 }

-func (kv KV) HeadCountKV() uint64 {
-	return uint64(kv.Uint("attention.head_count_kv", 1))
+func (kv KV) HeadCountKVs() []uint64 {
+	return kv.UintOrArrayAsArray("attention.head_count_kv", kv.BlockCount(), 1)
 }

-func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCount() uint64 {
-	if heads := kv.HeadCount(); heads > 0 {
-		return kv.EmbeddingLength() / heads
+func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCount() []uint64 {
+	headCount := kv.HeadCounts()
+	embeddingHeadCount := make([]uint64, len(headCount))
+	for i, heads := range headCount {
+		if heads == 0 {
+			embeddingHeadCount[i] = 0
+		} else {
+			embeddingHeadCount[i] = kv.EmbeddingLength() / heads
+		}
 	}

-	return 0
+	return embeddingHeadCount
 }

-func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCountK() uint64 {
-	return uint64(kv.Uint("attention.key_length", uint32(kv.EmbeddingHeadCount())))
+func (kv KV) FillArrayOrDefault(key string, defaultValue []uint64) []uint64 {
+	length := len(defaultValue)
+	if v, ok := keyValueUntyped(kv, key); ok {
+		switch v := v.(type) {
+		case uint32:
+			return FillArray(uint64(v), length)
+		case uint64:
+			return FillArray(v, length)
+		case int32:
+			return FillArray(uint64(v), length)
+		default:
+			slog.Warn("unsupported type", "key", key, "type", reflect.TypeOf(v))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return defaultValue
 }

-func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCountV() uint64 {
-	return uint64(kv.Uint("attention.value_length", uint32(kv.EmbeddingHeadCount())))
+func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCountK() []uint64 {
+	return kv.FillArrayOrDefault("attention.key_length", kv.EmbeddingHeadCount())
 }

-func (kv KV) GQA() uint64 {
-	return kv.HeadCount() / kv.HeadCountKV()
+func (kv KV) EmbeddingHeadCountV() []uint64 {
+	return kv.FillArrayOrDefault("attention.value_length", kv.EmbeddingHeadCount())
+}
+
+func (kv KV) GQAMax() uint64 {
+	heads := kv.HeadCounts()
+	headsKV := kv.HeadCountKVs()
+	if len(heads) != len(headsKV) {
+		slog.Warn("head count and head count kv are not the same length")
+		return 0
+	}
+	if len(heads) == 0 {
+		slog.Warn("head count is empty")
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	maxGQA := uint64(0)
+	for i := range heads {
+		head := heads[i]
+		headKV := headsKV[i]
+		if head == 0 || headKV == 0 {
+			return 0
+		}
+		gqa := head / headKV
+		if gqa > maxGQA {
+			maxGQA = gqa
+		}
+	}
+
+	return maxGQA
 }

 func (kv KV) ContextLength() uint64 {
@ -105,55 +153,96 @@ func (kv KV) Bool(key string, defaultValue ...bool) bool {
 	return keyValue(kv, key, append(defaultValue, false)...)
 }

-func (kv KV) Strings(key string, defaultValue ...[]string) []string {
-	return keyValue(kv, key, &array[string]{values: append(defaultValue, []string(nil))[0]}).values
+func (kv KV) UintOrArrayAsArray(key string, n uint64, defaultSingleValue ...uint64) []uint64 {
+	var singleValue *uint64
+	if v, ok := keyValueUntyped(kv, key); ok {
+		switch v := v.(type) {
+		case *array:
+			switch v.values[0].(type) {
+			case int32, uint32, uint64:
+				values, ok := AsUint64Array(v.values)
+				if ok {
+					return values
+				}
+			default:
+				slog.Warn("unexpected array value type", "key", key, "type", reflect.TypeOf(v))
+			}
+		case uint32:
+			val := uint64(v)
+			singleValue = &val
+		case int32:
+			val := uint64(v)
+			singleValue = &val
+		}
+	}
+	if singleValue == nil {
+		slog.Warn("falling back to default")
+		singleValue = &defaultSingleValue[0]
+	}
+
+	values := make([]uint64, n)
+	for i := range values {
+		values[i] = *singleValue
+	}
+
+	return values
 }

-func (kv KV) Ints(key string, defaultValue ...[]int32) []int32 {
-	return keyValue(kv, key, &array[int32]{values: append(defaultValue, []int32(nil))[0]}).values
+func (kv KV) Strings(key string, defaultValue ...[]string) []string {
+	r := keyValue(kv, key, &array{})
+	s := make([]string, r.size)
+	for i := range r.size {
+		s[i] = r.values[i].(string)
+	}
+
+	return s
 }

 func (kv KV) Uints(key string, defaultValue ...[]uint32) []uint32 {
-	return keyValue(kv, key, &array[uint32]{values: append(defaultValue, []uint32(nil))[0]}).values
+	r := keyValue(kv, key, &array{})
+	s := make([]uint32, r.size)
+	for i := range r.size {
+		s[i] = uint32(r.values[i].(int32))
+	}
+
+	return s
 }

 func (kv KV) Floats(key string, defaultValue ...[]float32) []float32 {
-	return keyValue(kv, key, &array[float32]{values: append(defaultValue, []float32(nil))[0]}).values
+	r := keyValue(kv, key, &array{})
+	s := make([]float32, r.size)
+	for i := range r.size {
+		s[i] = float32(r.values[i].(float32))
+	}
+	return s
 }

 func (kv KV) OllamaEngineRequired() bool {
 	return slices.Contains([]string{
 		"gemma3",
 		"mistral3",
-		"llama4",
-		"mllama",
-		"qwen25vl",
 	}, kv.Architecture())
 }

-type valueTypes interface {
-	uint8 | int8 | uint16 | int16 |
-		uint32 | int32 | uint64 | int64 |
-		string | float32 | float64 | bool
+func keyValue[T string | uint32 | uint64 | float32 | *array | bool](kv KV, key string, defaultValue ...T) T {
+	if val, ok := keyValueUntyped(kv, key); ok {
+		return val.(T)
+	}
+
+	slog.Warn("key not found", "key", key, "default", defaultValue[0])
+	return defaultValue[0]
 }

-type arrayValueTypes interface {
-	*array[uint8] | *array[int8] | *array[uint16] | *array[int16] |
-		*array[uint32] | *array[int32] | *array[uint64] | *array[int64] |
-		*array[string] | *array[float32] | *array[float64] | *array[bool]
-}
-
-func keyValue[T valueTypes | arrayValueTypes](kv KV, key string, defaultValue ...T) T {
+func keyValueUntyped(kv KV, key string) (any, bool) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(key, "tokenizer.") && !strings.HasPrefix(key, "general.") {
 		key = kv.Architecture() + "." + key
 	}

 	if val, ok := kv[key]; ok {
-		return val.(T)
+		return val, true
 	}

-	slog.Debug("key not found", "key", key, "default", defaultValue[0])
-	return defaultValue[0]
+	return nil, false
 }

 type Tensors struct {
@ -229,11 +318,7 @@ func (t Tensor) block() (n int) {
 }

 func (t Tensor) blockSize() uint64 {
-	return (TensorType)(t.Kind).BlockSize()
-}
-
-func (t TensorType) BlockSize() uint64 {
-	switch t {
+	switch t.Kind {
 	case
 		0,  // F32
 		1,  // F16
@ -259,77 +344,73 @@ func (t TensorType) BlockSize() uint64 {
 }

 func (t Tensor) typeSize() uint64 {
-	return TensorType(t.Kind).TypeSize()
-}
+	blockSize := t.blockSize()

-func (t TensorType) TypeSize() uint64 {
-	blockSize := t.BlockSize()
-
-	switch t {
-	case TensorTypeF32:
+	switch t.Kind {
+	case 0: // FP32
 		return 4
-	case TensorTypeF16:
+	case 1: // FP16
 		return 2
-	case TensorTypeQ4_0:
+	case 2: // Q4_0
 		return 2 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ4_1:
+	case 3: // Q4_1
 		return 2 + 2 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ5_0:
+	case 6: // Q5_0
 		return 2 + 4 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ5_1:
+	case 7: // Q5_1
 		return 2 + 2 + 4 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ8_0:
+	case 8: // Q8_0
 		return 2 + blockSize
-	case TensorTypeQ8_1:
+	case 9: // Q8_1
 		return 2 + 2 + blockSize
-	case TensorTypeQ2_K:
+	case 10: // Q2_K
 		return blockSize/16 + blockSize/4 + 2 + 2
-	case TensorTypeQ3_K:
+	case 11: // Q3_K
 		return blockSize/8 + blockSize/4 + 12 + 2
-	case TensorTypeQ4_K:
+	case 12: // Q4_K
 		return 2 + 2 + 12 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ5_K:
+	case 13: // Q5_K
 		return 2 + 2 + 12 + blockSize/8 + blockSize/2
-	case TensorTypeQ6_K:
+	case 14: // Q6_K
 		return blockSize/2 + blockSize/4 + blockSize/16 + 2
-	case TensorTypeQ8_K:
+	case 15: // Q8_K
 		return 4 + blockSize + 2*blockSize/16
-	case tensorTypeIQ2_XXS:
+	case 16: // IQ2_XXS
 		return 2 + 2*blockSize/8
-	case tensorTypeIQ2_XS:
+	case 17: // IQ2_XS
 		return 2 + 2*blockSize/8 + blockSize/32
-	case tensorTypeIQ3_XXS:
+	case 18: // IQ3_XXS
 		return 2 + blockSize/4 + blockSize/8
-	case tensorTypeIQ1_S:
+	case 19: // IQ1_S
 		return 2 + blockSize/8 + blockSize/16
-	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL:
+	case 20: // IQ4_NL
 		return 2 + blockSize/2
-	case tensorTypeIQ3_S:
+	case 21: // IQ3_S
 		return 2 + blockSize/4 + blockSize/8 + blockSize/32 + 4
-	case tensorTypeIQ2_S:
+	case 22: // IQ2_S
 		return 2 + blockSize/4 + blockSize/16
-	case tensorTypeIQ4_XS:
+	case 23: // IQ4_XS
 		return 2 + 2 + blockSize/2 + blockSize/64
-	case TensorTypeI8:
+	case 24: // I8
 		return 1
-	case TensorTypeI16:
+	case 25: // I16
 		return 2
-	case TensorTypeI32:
+	case 26: // I32
 		return 4
-	case TensorTypeI64:
+	case 27: // I64
 		return 8
-	case TensorTypeF64:
+	case 28: // F64
 		return 8
-	case tensorTypeIQ1_M:
+	case 29: // IQ1_M
 		return blockSize/8 + blockSize/16 + blockSize/32
-	case TensorTypeBF16:
+	case 30: // BF16
 		return 2
 	default:
 		return 0
 	}
 }

-func (t Tensor) Elements() uint64 {
+func (t Tensor) parameters() uint64 {
 	var count uint64 = 1
 	for _, n := range t.Shape {
 		count *= n
@ -338,11 +419,11 @@ func (t Tensor) Elements() uint64 {
 }

 func (t Tensor) Size() uint64 {
-	return t.Elements() * t.typeSize() / t.blockSize()
+	return t.parameters() * t.typeSize() / t.blockSize()
 }

 func (t Tensor) Type() string {
-	return TensorType(t.Kind).String()
+	return fileType(t.Kind).String()
 }

 type container interface {
@ -386,8 +467,13 @@ func DetectContentType(b []byte) string {
 // Decode decodes a GGML model from the given reader.
 //
 // It collects array values for arrays with a size less than or equal to
-// maxArraySize. If the maxArraySize is negative, all arrays are collected.
+// maxArraySize. If maxArraySize is 0, the default value of 1024 is used. If
+// the maxArraySize is negative, all arrays are collected.
 func Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker, maxArraySize int) (*GGML, int64, error) {
+	if maxArraySize == 0 {
+		maxArraySize = 1024
+	}
+
 	rs = bufioutil.NewBufferedSeeker(rs, 32<<10)

 	var magic uint32
@ -424,12 +510,22 @@ func Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker, maxArraySize int) (*GGML, int64, error) {

 func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType string) (kv []uint64, partialOffload, fullOffload uint64) {
 	embedding := f.KV().EmbeddingLength()
-	heads := f.KV().HeadCount()
-	headsKV := f.KV().HeadCountKV()
-	vocab := uint64(f.KV()["tokenizer.ggml.tokens"].(*array[string]).size)
+	heads := f.KV().HeadCounts()
+	headsKV := f.KV().HeadCountKVs()
+	vocab := uint64(f.KV()["tokenizer.ggml.tokens"].(*array).size)

 	embeddingHeads := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCount()
+	maxEmbeddingHeads, ok := MaxValue(embeddingHeads)
+	if !ok {
+		maxEmbeddingHeads = 1
+		slog.Warn("failed to get max embedding heads")
+	}
 	embeddingHeadsK := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountK()
+	maxEmbeddingHeadsK, ok := MaxValue(embeddingHeadsK)
+	if !ok {
+		maxEmbeddingHeadsK = 1
+		slog.Warn("failed to get max embedding headsK")
+	}
 	embeddingHeadsV := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountV()

 	layers := f.Tensors().GroupLayers()
@ -437,45 +533,56 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 	bytesPerElement := kvCacheBytesPerElement(kvCacheType)
 	kv = make([]uint64, f.KV().BlockCount())
 	for i := range kv {
-		kv[i] = uint64(float64(context*(embeddingHeadsK+embeddingHeadsV)*headsKV) * bytesPerElement)
+		kv[i] = uint64(float64(context*(embeddingHeadsK[i]+embeddingHeadsV[i])*headsKV[i]) * bytesPerElement)
+	}
+
+	maxHeads, ok := MaxValue(heads)
+	if !ok {
+		maxHeads = 1
+		slog.Warn("failed to get max heads")
+	}
+	maxHeadsKV, ok := MaxValue(headsKV)
+	if !ok {
+		maxHeadsKV = 1
+		slog.Warn("failed to get max headsKV")
 	}

 	switch f.KV().Architecture() {
-	case "llama", "llama4":
+	case "llama":
 		fullOffload = max(
-			4*batch*(1+4*embedding+context*(1+heads)),
+			4*batch*(1+4*embedding+context*(1+maxHeads)),
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
 		)

 		partialOffload = 4 * batch * embedding
 		partialOffload += max(
-			4*batch*(1+embedding+max(context, embedding))+embedding*embedding*9/16+4*context*(batch*heads+embeddingHeads*headsKV),
+			4*batch*(1+embedding+max(context, embedding))+embedding*embedding*9/16+4*context*(batch*maxHeads+maxEmbeddingHeads*maxHeadsKV),
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
 		)

 		if ffnGateExpsWeight, ok := layers["blk.0"]["ffn_gate_exps.weight"]; ok {
 			// mixtral 8x22b
-			ff := uint64(f.KV().Uint("feed_forward_length"))
+			ff := uint64(f.KV()["llama.feed_forward_length"].(uint32))
 			partialOffload = max(
-				3*ffnGateExpsWeight.Size()+4*batch*(2*ff+headsKV+embedding+context+embeddingHeads*headsKV),
-				4*(context*batch*heads+context*embeddingHeads*headsKV+batch*1024+embeddingHeads*headsKV*batch),
+				3*ffnGateExpsWeight.Size()+4*batch*(2*ff+maxHeadsKV+embedding+context+maxEmbeddingHeads*maxHeadsKV),
+				4*(context*batch*maxHeads+context*maxEmbeddingHeads*maxHeadsKV+batch*1024+maxEmbeddingHeads*maxHeadsKV*batch),
 			)
 		} else if ffnGateWeight, ok := layers["blk.0"]["ffn_gate.0.weight"]; ok {
 			// mixtral 8x7b
 			ffnGateWeight1 := ffnGateWeight.Shape[1]
-			fullOffload = 4 * batch * (2 + 3*embedding + context*(1+heads) + 2*headsKV + ffnGateWeight1)
+			fullOffload = 4 * batch * (2 + 3*embedding + context*(1+maxHeads) + 2*maxHeadsKV + ffnGateWeight1)
 			partialOffload = max(
-				4*batch*(3+embeddingHeads*headsKV+embedding+context*(1+heads)+ffnGateWeight1)+(embedding*embedding+3*embedding*headsKV*ffnGateWeight1)*9/16,
-				4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+embedding*(6*context*headsKV/heads+embedding*9/16),
+				4*batch*(3+maxEmbeddingHeads*maxHeadsKV+embedding+context*(1+maxHeads)+ffnGateWeight1)+(embedding*embedding+3*embedding*maxHeadsKV*ffnGateWeight1)*9/16,
+				4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+maxHeads))+embedding*(6*context*maxHeadsKV/maxHeads+embedding*9/16),
 			)
 		}
 	case "mllama":
 		var visionTokens, tiles uint64 = 1601, 4

-		crossAttentionLayers := f.KV().Ints("attention.cross_attention_layers")
+		crossAttentionLayers := f.KV().Uints("attention.cross_attention_layers")
 		for i := range kv {
-			if slices.Contains(crossAttentionLayers, int32(i)) {
-				kv[i] = headsKV * (embeddingHeadsK + embeddingHeadsV) *
+			if slices.Contains(crossAttentionLayers, uint32(i)) {
+				kv[i] = headsKV[i] * (embeddingHeadsK[i] + embeddingHeadsV[i]) *
 					4 * // sizeof(float32)
 					visionTokens *
 					tiles
@ -483,7 +590,7 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 		}

 		fullOffload = max(
-			4*batch*(2+3*embedding+embeddingHeadsK*heads+context*(1+heads)),
+			4*batch*(2+3*embedding+maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads+context*(1+maxHeads)),
 			// vocab graph
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
 		)
@ -491,29 +598,29 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 		var ropeFreqsCount uint64
 		if ropeFreqs, ok := f.Tensors().GroupLayers()["rope_freqs"]; ok {
 			if ropeFreqsWeights, ok := ropeFreqs["weights"]; ok {
-				ropeFreqsCount = ropeFreqsWeights.Elements()
+				ropeFreqsCount = ropeFreqsWeights.parameters()
 			}
 		}

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*(batch*
-				(2*embedding+1+context*(1+heads)+embeddingHeadsK*heads)+
+				(2*embedding+1+context*(1+maxHeads)+maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads)+
 				ropeFreqsCount+
-				embeddingHeadsK*context*headsKV),
+				maxEmbeddingHeadsK*context*maxHeadsKV),
 			// vocab graph
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
 		)
 	case "gemma", "gemma2", "gemma3":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
-			4*batch*(2+context+context*heads+2*embedding+2*embeddingHeadsK*heads),
+			4*batch*(2+context+context*maxHeads+2*embedding+2*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads),
 		)

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*embedding*batch+embedding*vocab*105/128+4*vocab*batch,
-			4*batch*(2*embedding+1+2*embeddingHeadsK*heads+context+context*heads)+
-				4*embeddingHeadsK*context*8+
-				embedding*embeddingHeadsK*heads*9/16,
+			4*batch*(2*embedding+1+2*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads+context+context*maxHeads)+
+				4*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*context*8+
+				embedding*embedding*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads*9/16,
 		)

 		// Gemma2 also has sliding window attention but we only have an optimized implementation in the Ollama
@ -525,42 +632,42 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 				// Every 6th layer is a global layer, which is the full context size that has already been set. The other
 				// layers are the smaller local (sliding) layers.
 				if (i+1)%gemma3GlobalCacheCount != 0 {
-					kv[i] = uint64(float64(slidingWindow*(embeddingHeadsK+embeddingHeadsV)*headsKV) * bytesPerElement)
+					kv[i] = uint64(float64(slidingWindow*(embeddingHeadsK[i]+embeddingHeadsV[i])*headsKV[i]) * bytesPerElement)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	case "command-r":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
-			4*batch*(2+4*embedding+context*(1+heads)),
+			4*batch*(2+4*embedding+context*(1+maxHeads)),
 		)

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
-			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+4*embedding*context+embedding*embedding*9/16,
+			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+maxHeads))+4*embedding*context+embedding*embedding*9/16,
 		)
 	case "qwen2":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
-			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context+context*heads),
+			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context+context*maxHeads),
 		)

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
-			4*(batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+embedding*(1+context)),
+			4*(batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+maxHeads))+embedding*(1+context)),
 		)
 	case "phi2":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
-			4*batch*(1+4*embedding+context+context*heads),
+			4*batch*(1+4*embedding+context+context*maxHeads),
 		)

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(2*embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
-			4*batch*(2+3*embedding+context+context*heads),
+			4*batch*(2+3*embedding+context+context*maxHeads),
 		)
 	case "stablelm":
-		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (context*(1+heads) + 3*embedding + 2)
+		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (context*(1+maxHeads) + 3*embedding + 2)
 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(vocab+2*embedding),
 			fullOffload,
@ -568,12 +675,12 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 	case "deepseek2":
 		fullOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(3*embedding+vocab),
-			4*batch*(3*embedding+2+context*(1+headsKV)+2*embeddingHeadsK*headsKV),
+			4*batch*(3*embedding+2+context*(1+maxHeadsKV)+2*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeadsKV),
 		)

 		partialOffload = max(
 			4*batch*(3*embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
-			4*batch*(2*embedding+1+2*embeddingHeadsK*headsKV+context+context*headsKV)+4*embeddingHeadsK*context*headsKV+embedding*embeddingHeadsK*headsKV*9/16,
+			4*batch*(2*embedding+1+2*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeadsKV+context+context*maxHeadsKV)+4*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*context*maxHeadsKV+embedding*embedding*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeadsKV*9/16,
 		)
 	case "chatglm":
 		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (embedding + vocab)
@ -584,8 +691,8 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 				4*batch*(2+
 					2*embedding+
 					context+
-					context*heads+
-					embeddingHeadsK*heads+
+					context*maxHeads+
+					maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads+
 					qkvBias.Shape[0]),
 			)

@ -593,11 +700,11 @@ func (f GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64, numParallel int, kvCacheType stri
 				partialOffload,
 				4*batch*(1+
 					2*embedding+
-					embeddingHeadsK*heads+
+					maxEmbeddingHeadsK*maxHeads+
 					context+
-					context*heads)+
-					4*embeddingHeadsK*context+
-					4*context*embeddingHeadsK+
+					context*maxHeads)+
+					4*maxEmbeddingHeadsK*context+
+					4*context*maxEmbeddingHeadsK+
 					4*qkvBias.Shape[0],
 			)
 		}
@ -651,32 +758,6 @@ func (llm GGML) VisionGraphSize() (weights, graphSize uint64) {
 		graphSize = 4 * (imageSize*imageSize*numChannels +
 			embeddingLength*patchSize +
 			numPatches*numPatches*headCount)
-	case "qwen25vl":
-		maxPixels := uint64(llm.KV().Uint("vision.max_pixels", 28*28*1280))
-		mergeSize := uint64(llm.KV().Uint("vision.spatial_merge_size", 2))
-		temporalPatchSize := uint64(2)
-
-		// Calculate max possible patches based on max_pixels
-		maxHeight := uint64(math.Sqrt(float64(maxPixels)))
-		maxWidth := maxPixels / maxHeight
-		maxGridHeight := maxHeight / patchSize
-		maxGridWidth := maxWidth / patchSize
-		// Account for merged patches (2x2 grid)
-		numPatches := (maxGridHeight * maxGridWidth) / (mergeSize * mergeSize)
-
-		// Calculate graph size based on typical operations in ProcessImage and createPatches
-		graphSize = 4 * (maxPixels*numChannels + // Original image storage
-			// Normalized pixels
-			maxPixels*numChannels +
-			// Patches storage (numPatches * channels * temporalPatchSize * patchSize^2)
-			numPatches*numChannels*temporalPatchSize*patchSize*patchSize +
-			// Self-attention calculations (similar to other architectures)
-			numPatches*numPatches*headCount +
-			// Additional buffer for processing
-			embeddingLength*numPatches)
-	case "llama4":
-		// vision graph is computed independently in the same schedule
-		// and is negligible compared to the worst case text graph
 	}

 	return weights, graphSize
@ -695,9 +776,15 @@ func (f GGML) SupportsFlashAttention() bool {
 	}

 	// Check head counts match and are non-zero
-	headCountK := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountK()
-	headCountV := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountV()
-	return headCountK != 0 && headCountV != 0 && headCountK == headCountV
+	headCount := f.KV().HeadCounts()
+	embeddingHeadCountK := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountK()
+	embeddingHeadCountV := f.KV().EmbeddingHeadCountV()
+	for i := range headCount {
+		if embeddingHeadCountK[i] != embeddingHeadCountV[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
 }

 // kvCacheBytesPerElement returns the number of bytes per element for a given KV cache type
@ -711,3 +798,54 @@ func kvCacheBytesPerElement(cacheType string) float64 {
 		return 2 // f16 (default)
 	}
 }
+
+func AsUint64Array(v []any) ([]uint64, bool) {
+	switch v[0].(type) {
+	case uint32:
+		values := make([]uint64, len(v))
+		for i, v := range v {
+			values[i] = uint64(v.(uint32))
+		}
+		return values, true
+	case uint64:
+		values := make([]uint64, len(v))
+		for i, v := range v {
+			values[i] = v.(uint64)
+		}
+		return values, true
+	case int32:
+		values := make([]uint64, len(v))
+		for i, val := range v {
+			val := val.(int32)
+			if val < 0 {
+				slog.Warn("negative value in int32 array", "value", val)
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			values[i] = uint64(val)
+		}
+		return values, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func MaxValue(values []uint64) (uint64, bool) {
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+
+	max := values[0]
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if v > max {
+			max = v
+		}
+	}
+	return max, true
+}
+
+func FillArray[T any](value T, n int) []T {
+	values := make([]T, n)
+	for i := range values {
+		values[i] = value
+	}
+	return values
+}
--- a/fs/ggml/ggml_test.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/ggml_test.go
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package ggml

 import (
 	"maps"
-	"math"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@ -211,61 +210,3 @@ func TestTensorTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestKeyValue(t *testing.T) {
-	kv := KV{
-		"general.architecture": "test",
-		"test.strings":         &array[string]{size: 3, values: []string{"a", "b", "c"}},
-		"test.float32s":        &array[float32]{size: 3, values: []float32{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}},
-		"test.int32s":          &array[int32]{size: 3, values: []int32{1, 2, 3}},
-		"test.uint32s":         &array[uint32]{size: 3, values: []uint32{1, 2, 3}},
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Strings("strings"), []string{"a", "b", "c"}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected strings (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Strings("nonexistent.strings"), []string(nil)); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected strings (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Strings("default.strings", []string{"ollama"}), []string{"ollama"}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected strings (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Floats("float32s"), []float32{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected float32s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Floats("nonexistent.float32s"), []float32(nil)); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected float32s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Floats("default.float32s", []float32{math.MaxFloat32}), []float32{math.MaxFloat32}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected float32s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Ints("int32s"), []int32{1, 2, 3}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected int8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Ints("nonexistent.int32s"), []int32(nil)); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected int8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Ints("default.int32s", []int32{math.MaxInt32}), []int32{math.MaxInt32}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected int8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Uints("uint32s"), []uint32{1, 2, 3}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected uint8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Uints("nonexistent.uint32s"), []uint32(nil)); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected uint8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Uints("default.uint32s", []uint32{math.MaxUint32}), []uint32{math.MaxUint32}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected uint8s (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-}
--- a/fs/ggml/gguf.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/gguf.go
@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"maps"
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )

 type containerGGUF struct {
@ -40,6 +36,10 @@ type containerGGUF struct {
 	maxArraySize int
 }

+func (c *containerGGUF) canCollectArray(size int) bool {
+	return c.maxArraySize < 0 || size <= c.maxArraySize
+}
+
 func (c *containerGGUF) Name() string {
 	return "gguf"
 }
@ -229,13 +229,16 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 		}

 		llm.tensors = append(llm.tensors, &tensor)
-		llm.parameters += tensor.Elements()
+		llm.parameters += tensor.parameters()
 	}

 	// patch KV with parameter count
 	llm.kv["general.parameter_count"] = llm.parameters

-	alignment := llm.kv.Uint("general.alignment", 32)
+	alignment, ok := llm.kv["general.alignment"].(uint32)
+	if !ok {
+		alignment = 32
+	}

 	offset, err := rs.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
 	if err != nil {
@ -295,23 +298,6 @@ func readGGUFV1String(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 	return b.String(), nil
 }

-func readGGUFV1StringsData(llm *gguf, r io.Reader, a *array[string]) (any, error) {
-	for i := range a.size {
-		if a.values != nil {
-			e, err := readGGUFV1String(llm, r)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			a.values[i] = e
-		} else {
-			discardGGUFString(llm, r)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return a, nil
-}
-
 func discardGGUFString(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) error {
 	buf := llm.scratch[:8]
 	_, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf)
@ -369,44 +355,78 @@ func writeGGUFString(w io.Writer, s string) error {
 	return err
 }

-func readGGUFStringsData(llm *gguf, r io.Reader, a *array[string]) (any, error) {
-	for i := range a.size {
-		if a.values != nil {
-			e, err := readGGUFString(llm, r)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
+type array struct {
+	size   int
+	values []any
+}

+func (a *array) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(a.values)
+}
+
+func readGGUFV1Array(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (*array, error) {
+	t, err := readGGUF[uint32](llm, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	n, err := readGGUF[uint32](llm, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	a := &array{size: int(n)}
+	if llm.canCollectArray(int(n)) {
+		a.values = make([]any, 0, int(n))
+	}
+
+	for i := range n {
+		var e any
+		switch t {
+		case ggufTypeUint8:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint8](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt8:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int8](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint16:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint16](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt16:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int16](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeFloat32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[float32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeFloat64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[float64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeBool:
+			e, err = readGGUF[bool](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeString:
+			e, err = readGGUFV1String(llm, r)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid array type: %d", t)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if a.values != nil {
 			a.values[i] = e
-		} else {
-			discardGGUFString(llm, r)
 		}
 	}

 	return a, nil
 }

-type array[T any] struct {
-	// size is the actual size of the array
-	size int
-
-	// values is the array of values. this is nil if the array is larger than configured maxSize
-	values []T
-}
-
-func (a *array[T]) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(a.values)
-}
-
-func newArray[T any](size, maxSize int) *array[T] {
-	a := array[T]{size: size}
-	if maxSize < 0 || size <= maxSize {
-		a.values = make([]T, size)
+func readGGUFArray(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (*array, error) {
+	if llm.Version == 1 {
+		return readGGUFV1Array(llm, r)
 	}
-	return &a
-}

-func readGGUFArray(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (any, error) {
 	t, err := readGGUF[uint32](llm, r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@ -417,55 +437,45 @@ func readGGUFArray(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (any, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	switch t {
-	case ggufTypeUint8:
-		a := newArray[uint8](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeInt8:
-		a := newArray[int8](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeUint16:
-		a := newArray[uint16](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeInt16:
-		a := newArray[int16](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeUint32:
-		a := newArray[uint32](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeInt32:
-		a := newArray[int32](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeUint64:
-		a := newArray[uint64](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeInt64:
-		a := newArray[int64](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeFloat32:
-		a := newArray[float32](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeFloat64:
-		a := newArray[float64](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeBool:
-		a := newArray[bool](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		return readGGUFArrayData(llm, r, a)
-	case ggufTypeString:
-		a := newArray[string](int(n), llm.maxArraySize)
-		if llm.Version == 1 {
-			return readGGUFV1StringsData(llm, r, a)
-		}
-
-		return readGGUFStringsData(llm, r, a)
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid array type: %d", t)
+	a := &array{size: int(n)}
+	if llm.canCollectArray(int(n)) {
+		a.values = make([]any, int(n))
 	}
-}

-func readGGUFArrayData[T any](llm *gguf, r io.Reader, a *array[T]) (any, error) {
-	for i := range a.size {
-		e, err := readGGUF[T](llm, r)
+	for i := range n {
+		var e any
+		switch t {
+		case ggufTypeUint8:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint8](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt8:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int8](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint16:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint16](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt16:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int16](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeUint64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[uint64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeInt64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[int64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeFloat32:
+			e, err = readGGUF[float32](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeFloat64:
+			e, err = readGGUF[float64](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeBool:
+			e, err = readGGUF[bool](llm, r)
+		case ggufTypeString:
+			if a.values != nil {
+				e, err = readGGUFString(llm, r)
+			} else {
+				err = discardGGUFString(llm, r)
+			}
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid array type: %d", t)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@ -492,38 +502,23 @@ func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	if t == ggufTypeString {
-		for _, e := range any(s).([]string) {
-			if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(e))); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(e)); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	return binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, s)
 }

-func WriteGGUF(f *os.File, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
-	alignment := kv.Uint("general.alignment", 32)
-
-	if err := binary.Write(f, binary.LittleEndian, []byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
+func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []Tensor) error {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	if err := binary.Write(f, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(3)); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(3)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	if err := binary.Write(f, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(ts))); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(ts))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	if err := binary.Write(f, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(kv))); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(kv))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@ -531,12 +526,12 @@ func WriteGGUF(f *os.File, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
 	slices.Sort(keys)

 	for _, key := range keys {
-		if err := ggufWriteKV(f, key, kv[key]); err != nil {
+		if err := ggufWriteKV(ws, key, kv[key]); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

-	slices.SortStableFunc(ts, func(a, b *Tensor) int {
+	slices.SortStableFunc(ts, func(a, b Tensor) int {
 		if i, j := a.block(), b.block(); i < 0 && j > 0 {
 			return 1
 		} else if i > 0 && j < 0 {
@ -547,34 +542,22 @@ func WriteGGUF(f *os.File, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
 	})

 	var s uint64
-	for i := range ts {
-		ts[i].Offset = s
-		if err := ggufWriteTensorInfo(f, ts[i]); err != nil {
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		t.Offset = s
+		if err := ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws, t); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		s += ts[i].Size()
-		s += uint64(ggufPadding(int64(s), int64(alignment)))
+		s += t.Size()
 	}

-	offset, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	offset += ggufPadding(offset, int64(alignment))
-
-	var g errgroup.Group
-	g.SetLimit(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
-	// TODO consider reducing if tensors size * gomaxprocs is larger than free memory
+	var alignment int64 = 32
 	for _, t := range ts {
-		t := t
-		w := io.NewOffsetWriter(f, offset+int64(t.Offset))
-		g.Go(func() error {
-			_, err := t.WriteTo(w)
+		if err := ggufWriteTensor(ws, t, alignment); err != nil {
 			return err
-		})
+		}
 	}

-	return g.Wait()
+	return nil
 }

 func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {
@ -589,10 +572,8 @@ func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {

 	var err error
 	switch v := v.(type) {
-	case uint32, FileType:
+	case uint32:
 		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
-	case uint64:
-		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeUint64, v)
 	case float32:
 		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
 	case bool:
@ -601,20 +582,32 @@ func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {
 		err = writeGGUFString(ws, v)
 	case []int32:
 		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeInt32, v)
-	case *array[int32]:
-		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeInt32, v.values)
 	case []uint32:
 		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
-	case *array[uint32]:
-		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeUint32, v.values)
 	case []float32:
 		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
-	case *array[float32]:
-		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v.values)
 	case []string:
-		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeString, v)
-	case *array[string]:
-		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeString, v.values)
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeString); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, e := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(e))); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(e)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("improper type for '%s'", k)
 	}
@ -622,7 +615,7 @@ func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {
 	return err
 }

-func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
+func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t Tensor) error {
 	slog.Debug(t.Name, "kind", t.Kind, "shape", t.Shape, "offset", t.Offset)
 	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(t.Name))); err != nil {
 		return err
@ -636,8 +629,8 @@ func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	for _, n := range t.Shape {
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, n); err != nil {
+	for i := range len(t.Shape) {
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Shape[len(t.Shape)-i-1]); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@ -649,6 +642,20 @@ func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
 	return binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Offset)
 }

+func ggufWriteTensor(ws io.WriteSeeker, t Tensor, alignment int64) error {
+	offset, err := ws.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(ggufPadding(offset, alignment)))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, err = t.WriteTo(ws)
+	return err
+}
+
 func ggufPadding(offset, align int64) int64 {
 	return (align - offset%align) % align
 }
--- a/fs/ggml/gguf_test.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/gguf_test.go
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-package ggml
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-)
-
-func TestWriteGGUF(t *testing.T) {
-	w, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "*.bin")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer w.Close()
-
-	if err := WriteGGUF(w, KV{
-		"general.alignment": uint32(16),
-	}, []*Tensor{
-		{Name: "test.0", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-		{Name: "test.1", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-		{Name: "test.2", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-		{Name: "test.3", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-		{Name: "test.4", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-		{Name: "test.5", Shape: []uint64{2, 3}, WriterTo: bytes.NewBuffer(slices.Repeat([]byte{0}, 2*3*4))},
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	r, err := os.Open(w.Name())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer r.Close()
-
-	ff, _, err := Decode(r, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(ff.KV(), KV{
-		"general.alignment":       uint32(16),
-		"general.parameter_count": uint64(36),
-	}); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("Mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(ff.Tensors(), Tensors{
-		Offset: 336,
-		items: []*Tensor{
-			{Name: "test.0", Offset: 0, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-			{Name: "test.1", Offset: 32, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-			{Name: "test.2", Offset: 64, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-			{Name: "test.3", Offset: 96, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-			{Name: "test.4", Offset: 128, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-			{Name: "test.5", Offset: 160, Shape: []uint64{2, 3}},
-		},
-	}, cmp.AllowUnexported(Tensors{})); diff != "" {
-		t.Errorf("Mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
-	}
-}
--- a/fs/ggml/type.go
+++ b/fs/ggml/type.go
@ -1,31 +1,26 @@
 package ggml

-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"strings"
-)
+import "fmt"

-// FileType is the Go equivalent to llama_ftype used for gguf file typing
-type FileType uint32
+type fileType uint32

 const (
-	FileTypeF32 FileType = iota
-	FileTypeF16
+	fileTypeF32 fileType = iota
+	fileTypeF16
 	fileTypeQ4_0
 	fileTypeQ4_1
-	fileTypeQ4_1_F16 // unused by GGML
-	fileTypeQ4_2     // unused by GGML
-	fileTypeQ4_3     // unused by GGML
-	FileTypeQ8_0
+	fileTypeQ4_1_F16
+	fileTypeQ4_2 // unused
+	fileTypeQ4_3 // unused
+	fileTypeQ8_0
 	fileTypeQ5_0
 	fileTypeQ5_1
 	fileTypeQ2_K
 	fileTypeQ3_K_S
 	fileTypeQ3_K_M
 	fileTypeQ3_K_L
-	FileTypeQ4_K_S
-	FileTypeQ4_K_M
+	fileTypeQ4_K_S
+	fileTypeQ4_K_M
 	fileTypeQ5_K_S
 	fileTypeQ5_K_M
 	fileTypeQ6_K
@ -42,62 +37,93 @@ const (
 	fileTypeIQ2_M
 	fileTypeIQ4_XS
 	fileTypeIQ1_M
-	FileTypeBF16
-	fileTypeQ4_0_4_4 // unused by GGML
-	fileTypeQ4_0_4_8 // unused by GGML
-	fileTypeQ4_0_8_8 // unused by GGML
-	fileTypeTQ1_0
-	fileTypeTQ2_0
+	fileTypeBF16

-	FileTypeUnknown = 1024
+	fileTypeUnknown
 )

-// ParseFileType parses the provided GGUF file type
-// Only Ollama supported types are considered valid
-func ParseFileType(s string) (FileType, error) {
+func ParseFileType(s string) (fileType, error) {
 	switch s {
 	case "F32":
-		return FileTypeF32, nil
+		return fileTypeF32, nil
 	case "F16":
-		return FileTypeF16, nil
+		return fileTypeF16, nil
+	case "Q4_0":
+		return fileTypeQ4_0, nil
+	case "Q4_1":
+		return fileTypeQ4_1, nil
+	case "Q4_1_F16":
+		return fileTypeQ4_1_F16, nil
 	case "Q8_0":
-		return FileTypeQ8_0, nil
+		return fileTypeQ8_0, nil
+	case "Q5_0":
+		return fileTypeQ5_0, nil
+	case "Q5_1":
+		return fileTypeQ5_1, nil
+	case "Q2_K":
+		return fileTypeQ2_K, nil
+	case "Q3_K_S":
+		return fileTypeQ3_K_S, nil
+	case "Q3_K_M":
+		return fileTypeQ3_K_M, nil
+	case "Q3_K_L":
+		return fileTypeQ3_K_L, nil
 	case "Q4_K_S":
-		return FileTypeQ4_K_S, nil
-	case "Q4_K_M", "Q4_K":
-		return FileTypeQ4_K_M, nil
+		return fileTypeQ4_K_S, nil
+	case "Q4_K_M":
+		return fileTypeQ4_K_M, nil
+	case "Q5_K_S":
+		return fileTypeQ5_K_S, nil
+	case "Q5_K_M":
+		return fileTypeQ5_K_M, nil
+	case "Q6_K":
+		return fileTypeQ6_K, nil
+	case "IQ2_XXS":
+		return fileTypeIQ2_XXS, nil
+	case "IQ2_XS":
+		return fileTypeIQ2_XS, nil
+	case "Q2_K_S":
+		return fileTypeQ2_K_S, nil
+	case "IQ3_XS":
+		return fileTypeIQ3_XS, nil
+	case "IQ3_XXS":
+		return fileTypeIQ3_XXS, nil
+	case "IQ1_S":
+		return fileTypeIQ1_S, nil
+	case "IQ4_NL":
+		return fileTypeIQ4_NL, nil
+	case "IQ3_S":
+		return fileTypeIQ3_S, nil
+	case "IQ3_M":
+		return fileTypeIQ3_M, nil
+	case "IQ2_S":
+		return fileTypeIQ2_S, nil
+	case "IQ2_M":
+		return fileTypeIQ2_M, nil
+	case "IQ4_XS":
+		return fileTypeIQ4_XS, nil
+	case "IQ1_M":
+		return fileTypeIQ1_M, nil
 	case "BF16":
-		return FileTypeBF16, nil
+		return fileTypeBF16, nil
 	default:
-		supportedFileTypes := []FileType{
-			FileTypeF32,
-			FileTypeF16,
-			FileTypeQ4_K_S,
-			FileTypeQ4_K_M,
-			FileTypeQ8_0,
-			// fsggml.FileTypeBF16, // TODO
-		}
-		strs := make([]string, len(supportedFileTypes))
-		for i := range supportedFileTypes {
-			strs[i] = supportedFileTypes[i].String()
-		}
-
-		return FileTypeUnknown, fmt.Errorf("unsupported quantization type %s - supported types are %s", s, strings.Join(strs, ", "))
+		return fileTypeUnknown, fmt.Errorf("unknown fileType: %s", s)
 	}
 }

-func (t FileType) String() string {
-	// Note: this routine will return a broader set of file types for existing models
+func (t fileType) String() string {
 	switch t {
-	case FileTypeF32:
+	case fileTypeF32:
 		return "F32"
-	case FileTypeF16:
+	case fileTypeF16:
 		return "F16"
 	case fileTypeQ4_0:
 		return "Q4_0"
 	case fileTypeQ4_1:
 		return "Q4_1"
-	case FileTypeQ8_0:
+	case fileTypeQ4_1_F16:
+		return "Q4_1_F16"
+	case fileTypeQ8_0:
 		return "Q8_0"
 	case fileTypeQ5_0:
 		return "Q5_0"
@ -111,9 +137,9 @@ func (t FileType) String() string {
 		return "Q3_K_M"
 	case fileTypeQ3_K_L:
 		return "Q3_K_L"
-	case FileTypeQ4_K_S:
+	case fileTypeQ4_K_S:
 		return "Q4_K_S"
-	case FileTypeQ4_K_M:
+	case fileTypeQ4_K_M:
 		return "Q4_K_M"
 	case fileTypeQ5_K_S:
 		return "Q5_K_S"
@ -121,198 +147,39 @@ func (t FileType) String() string {
 		return "Q5_K_M"
 	case fileTypeQ6_K:
 		return "Q6_K"
+	case fileTypeIQ2_XXS:
+		return "IQ2_XXS"
+	case fileTypeIQ2_XS:
+		return "IQ2_XS"
 	case fileTypeQ2_K_S:
 		return "Q2_K_S"
-	case FileTypeBF16:
+	case fileTypeIQ3_XS:
+		return "IQ3_XS"
+	case fileTypeIQ3_XXS:
+		return "IQ3_XXS"
+	case fileTypeIQ1_S:
+		return "IQ1_S"
+	case fileTypeIQ4_NL:
+		return "IQ4_NL"
+	case fileTypeIQ3_S:
+		return "IQ3_S"
+	case fileTypeIQ3_M:
+		return "IQ3_M"
+	case fileTypeIQ2_S:
+		return "IQ2_S"
+	case fileTypeIQ4_XS:
+		return "IQ4_XS"
+	case fileTypeIQ2_M:
+		return "IQ2_M"
+	case fileTypeIQ1_M:
+		return "IQ1_M"
+	case fileTypeBF16:
 		return "BF16"
 	default:
 		return "unknown"
 	}
 }

-func (t FileType) Value() uint32 {
+func (t fileType) Value() uint32 {
 	return uint32(t)
 }
-
-func (ftype FileType) ToTensorType() TensorType {
-	switch ftype {
-	case FileTypeF32:
-		return TensorTypeF32
-	case FileTypeF16:
-		return TensorTypeF16
-	case fileTypeQ4_0:
-		return TensorTypeQ4_0
-	case fileTypeQ4_1:
-		return TensorTypeQ4_1
-	case FileTypeQ8_0:
-		return TensorTypeQ8_0
-	case fileTypeQ5_0:
-		return TensorTypeQ5_0
-	case fileTypeQ5_1:
-		return TensorTypeQ5_1
-	case fileTypeQ2_K:
-		return TensorTypeQ2_K
-	case fileTypeQ3_K_S:
-		return TensorTypeQ3_K
-	case fileTypeQ3_K_M:
-		return TensorTypeQ3_K
-	case fileTypeQ3_K_L:
-		return TensorTypeQ3_K
-	case FileTypeQ4_K_S:
-		return TensorTypeQ4_K
-	case FileTypeQ4_K_M:
-		return TensorTypeQ4_K
-	case fileTypeQ5_K_S:
-		return TensorTypeQ5_K
-	case fileTypeQ5_K_M:
-		return TensorTypeQ5_K
-	case fileTypeQ6_K:
-		return TensorTypeQ6_K
-	case fileTypeQ2_K_S:
-		return TensorTypeQ2_K
-	case FileTypeBF16:
-		return TensorTypeBF16
-	default:
-		slog.Warn("unsupported file type", "type", ftype)
-		return 0 // F32
-	}
-}
-
-// TensorType is equivalent to ggml_type for individual tensor types
-// Note: these are not the same as FileType
-type TensorType uint32
-
-const (
-	TensorTypeF32 TensorType = iota
-	TensorTypeF16
-	TensorTypeQ4_0
-	TensorTypeQ4_1
-	tensorTypeQ4_2 // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeQ4_3 // unused by GGML
-	TensorTypeQ5_0
-	TensorTypeQ5_1
-	TensorTypeQ8_0
-	TensorTypeQ8_1
-	TensorTypeQ2_K
-	TensorTypeQ3_K
-	TensorTypeQ4_K
-	TensorTypeQ5_K
-	TensorTypeQ6_K
-	TensorTypeQ8_K
-	tensorTypeIQ2_XXS // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ2_XS  // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ3_XXS // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ1_S   // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ4_NL  // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ3_S   // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ2_S   // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ4_XS  // not supported by ollama
-	TensorTypeI8
-	TensorTypeI16
-	TensorTypeI32
-	TensorTypeI64
-	TensorTypeF64
-	tensorTypeIQ1_M // not supported by ollama
-	TensorTypeBF16
-	tensorTypeQ4_0_4_4   // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeQ4_0_4_8   // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeQ4_0_8_8   // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeTQ1_0      // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeTQ2_0      // not supported by ollama
-	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_4 // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_8 // unused by GGML
-	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_8_8 // unused by GGML
-)
-
-// ParseFileType parses the provided GGUF file type
-// Only Ollama supported types are considered valid
-func ParseTensorType(s string) (TensorType, error) {
-	switch s {
-	case "F32":
-		return TensorTypeF32, nil
-	case "F16":
-		return TensorTypeF16, nil
-	case "Q4_0":
-		return TensorTypeQ4_0, nil
-	case "Q4_1":
-		return TensorTypeQ4_1, nil
-	case "Q5_0":
-		return TensorTypeQ5_0, nil
-	case "Q5_1":
-		return TensorTypeQ5_1, nil
-	case "Q8_0":
-		return TensorTypeQ8_0, nil
-	case "Q8_1":
-		return TensorTypeQ8_1, nil
-	case "Q2_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ2_K, nil
-	case "Q3_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ3_K, nil
-	case "Q4_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ4_K, nil
-	case "Q5_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ5_K, nil
-	case "Q6_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ6_K, nil
-	case "Q8_K":
-		return TensorTypeQ8_K, nil
-	case "F64":
-		return TensorTypeF64, nil
-	case "BF16":
-		return TensorTypeBF16, nil
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported quantization type %s", s)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t TensorType) IsQuantized() bool {
-	switch t {
-	case TensorTypeF32, TensorTypeF16, TensorTypeBF16:
-		return false
-	default:
-		return true
-	}
-}
-
-func (t TensorType) RowSize(ne uint64) uint64 {
-	return t.TypeSize() * ne / t.BlockSize()
-}
-
-func (t TensorType) String() string {
-	switch t {
-	case TensorTypeF32:
-		return "F32"
-	case TensorTypeF16:
-		return "F16"
-	case TensorTypeQ4_0:
-		return "Q4_0"
-	case TensorTypeQ4_1:
-		return "Q4_1"
-	case TensorTypeQ5_0:
-		return "Q5_0"
-	case TensorTypeQ5_1:
-		return "Q5_1"
-	case TensorTypeQ8_0:
-		return "Q8_0"
-	case TensorTypeQ8_1:
-		return "Q8_1"
-	case TensorTypeQ2_K:
-		return "Q2_K"
-	case TensorTypeQ3_K:
-		return "Q3_K"
-	case TensorTypeQ4_K:
-		return "Q4_K"
-	case TensorTypeQ5_K:
-		return "Q5_K"
-	case TensorTypeQ6_K:
-		return "Q6_K"
-	case TensorTypeQ8_K:
-		return "Q8_K"
-	case TensorTypeF64:
-		return "F64"
-	case TensorTypeBF16:
-		return "BF16"
-	default:
-		return "unknown"
-	}
-}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0
 )

 require (
@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250218142911-aa4b98e5adaa
-	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.29.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACk
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 h1:AnAEvhDddvBdpY+uR+MyHmuZzzNqXSe/GvuDeob5L34=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Y4J0ReaxCR1IMaabaSMugxJES1EpwhBHhv2bDHklZvc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0 h1:IOBPskki6Lysi0lo9qQvbxiQ+FvsCC/YWOecCHAixus=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0/go.mod h1:bVdXmD7IV/4GdElGPozy6U7lWdRXA4qyRVGJV57uQ5M=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20180321215751-8460e604b9de/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20180807140117-3d87b88a115f/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200822124328-c89045814202/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210614182718-04defd469f4e/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
-golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 h1:vRMAPTMaeGqVhG5QyLJHqNDwecKTomGeqbnfZyKlBI8=
-golang.org/x/net v0.38.0/go.mod h1:ivrbrMbzFq5J41QOQh0siUuly180yBYtLp+CKbEaFx8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.35.0 h1:T5GQRQb2y08kTAByq9L4/bz8cipCdA8FbRTXewonqY8=
+golang.org/x/net v0.35.0/go.mod h1:EglIi67kWsHKlRzzVMUD93VMSWGFOMSZgxFjparz1Qk=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20200107190931-bf48bf16ab8d/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 h1:MHc5BpPuC30uJk597Ri8TV3CNZcTLu6B6z4lJy+g6Jw=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0 h1:GGz8+XQP4FvTTrjZPzNKTMFtSXH80RAzG+5ghFPgK9w=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190312061237-fead79001313/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@ -285,17 +285,17 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 h1:ioabZlmFYtWhL+TRYpcnNlLwhyxaM9kWTDEmfnprqik=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.30.0 h1:PQ39fJZ+mfadBm0y5WlL4vlM7Sx1Hgf13sMIY2+QS9Y=
-golang.org/x/term v0.30.0/go.mod h1:NYYFdzHoI5wRh/h5tDMdMqCqPJZEuNqVR5xJLd/n67g=
+golang.org/x/term v0.29.0 h1:L6pJp37ocefwRRtYPKSWOWzOtWSxVajvz2ldH/xi3iU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.29.0/go.mod h1:6bl4lRlvVuDgSf3179VpIxBF0o10JUpXWOnI7nErv7s=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 h1:D71I7dUrlY+VX0gQShAThNGHFxZ13dGLBHQLVl1mJlY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0/go.mod h1:/BLNzu4aZCJ1+kcD0DNRotWKage4q2rGVAg4o22unh4=
+golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180525024113-a5b4c53f6e8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
--- a/integration/api_test.go
+++ b/integration/api_test.go
@ -1,412 +0,0 @@
-//go:build integration
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-)
-
-func TestAPIGenerate(t *testing.T) {
-	initialTimeout := 60 * time.Second
-	streamTimeout := 30 * time.Second
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-	// Set up the test data
-	req := api.GenerateRequest{
-		Model:  smol,
-		Prompt: "why is the sky blue? be brief",
-		Options: map[string]interface{}{
-			"temperature": 0,
-			"seed":        123,
-		},
-	}
-	anyResp := []string{"rayleigh", "scattering"}
-
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		stream bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "stream",
-			stream: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "no_stream",
-			stream: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-			fn := func(response api.GenerateResponse) error {
-				// Fields that must always be present
-				if response.Model == "" {
-					t.Errorf("response missing model: %#v", response)
-				}
-				if response.Done {
-					// Required fields for final updates:
-					if response.DoneReason == "" && *req.Stream {
-						// TODO - is the lack of done reason on non-stream a bug?
-						t.Errorf("final response missing done_reason: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.TotalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing total_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.LoadDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing load_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.PromptEvalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing prompt_eval_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.EvalCount == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing eval_count: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.EvalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing eval_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if len(response.Context) == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing context: %#v", response)
-					}
-
-					// Note: caching can result in no prompt eval count, so this can't be verified reliably
-					// if response.Metrics.PromptEvalCount == 0 {
-					// 	t.Errorf("final response missing prompt_eval_count: %#v", response)
-					// }
-
-				} // else incremental response, nothing to check right now...
-				buf.Write([]byte(response.Response))
-				if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
-				}
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			done := make(chan int)
-			var genErr error
-			go func() {
-				req.Stream = &test.stream
-				req.Options["seed"] = rand.Int() // bust cache for prompt eval results
-				genErr = client.Generate(ctx, &req, fn)
-				done <- 0
-			}()
-
-			select {
-			case <-stallTimer.C:
-				if buf.Len() == 0 {
-					t.Errorf("generate never started.  Timed out after :%s", initialTimeout.String())
-				} else {
-					t.Errorf("generate stalled.  Response so far:%s", buf.String())
-				}
-			case <-done:
-				if genErr != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("failed with %s request prompt %s ", req.Model, req.Prompt)
-				}
-				// Verify the response contains the expected data
-				response := buf.String()
-				atLeastOne := false
-				for _, resp := range anyResp {
-					if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(response), resp) {
-						atLeastOne = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-				if !atLeastOne {
-					t.Errorf("none of %v found in %s", anyResp, response)
-				}
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for generate")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Validate PS while we're at it...
-	resp, err := client.ListRunning(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("list models API error: %s", err)
-	}
-	if resp == nil || len(resp.Models) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("list models API returned empty list while model should still be loaded")
-	}
-	// Find the model we just loaded and verify some attributes
-	found := false
-	for _, model := range resp.Models {
-		if strings.Contains(model.Name, req.Model) {
-			found = true
-			if model.Model == "" {
-				t.Errorf("model field omitted: %#v", model)
-			}
-			if model.Size == 0 {
-				t.Errorf("size omitted: %#v", model)
-			}
-			if model.Digest == "" {
-				t.Errorf("digest omitted: %#v", model)
-			}
-			verifyModelDetails(t, model.Details)
-			var nilTime time.Time
-			if model.ExpiresAt == nilTime {
-				t.Errorf("expires_at omitted: %#v", model)
-			}
-			// SizeVRAM could be zero.
-		}
-	}
-	if !found {
-		t.Errorf("unable to locate running model: %#v", resp)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIChat(t *testing.T) {
-	initialTimeout := 60 * time.Second
-	streamTimeout := 30 * time.Second
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-	// Set up the test data
-	req := api.ChatRequest{
-		Model: smol,
-		Messages: []api.Message{
-			{
-				Role:    "user",
-				Content: "why is the sky blue?  be brief",
-			},
-		},
-		Options: map[string]interface{}{
-			"temperature": 0,
-			"seed":        123,
-		},
-	}
-	anyResp := []string{"rayleigh", "scattering"}
-
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		stream bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "stream",
-			stream: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "no_stream",
-			stream: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-			fn := func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
-				// Fields that must always be present
-				if response.Model == "" {
-					t.Errorf("response missing model: %#v", response)
-				}
-				if response.Done {
-					// Required fields for final updates:
-					var nilTime time.Time
-					if response.CreatedAt == nilTime {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing total_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.DoneReason == "" {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing done_reason: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.TotalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing total_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.LoadDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing load_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.PromptEvalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing prompt_eval_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.EvalCount == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing eval_count: %#v", response)
-					}
-					if response.Metrics.EvalDuration == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing eval_duration: %#v", response)
-					}
-
-					if response.Metrics.PromptEvalCount == 0 {
-						t.Errorf("final response missing prompt_eval_count: %#v", response)
-					}
-				} // else incremental response, nothing to check right now...
-				buf.Write([]byte(response.Message.Content))
-				if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
-					return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
-				}
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			done := make(chan int)
-			var genErr error
-			go func() {
-				req.Stream = &test.stream
-				req.Options["seed"] = rand.Int() // bust cache for prompt eval results
-				genErr = client.Chat(ctx, &req, fn)
-				done <- 0
-			}()
-
-			select {
-			case <-stallTimer.C:
-				if buf.Len() == 0 {
-					t.Errorf("chat never started.  Timed out after :%s", initialTimeout.String())
-				} else {
-					t.Errorf("chat stalled.  Response so far:%s", buf.String())
-				}
-			case <-done:
-				if genErr != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("failed with %s request prompt %v", req.Model, req.Messages)
-				}
-				// Verify the response contains the expected data
-				response := buf.String()
-				atLeastOne := false
-				for _, resp := range anyResp {
-					if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(response), resp) {
-						atLeastOne = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-				if !atLeastOne {
-					t.Errorf("none of %v found in %s", anyResp, response)
-				}
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for chat")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIListModels(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	// Make sure we have at least one model so an empty list can be considered a failure
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, smol); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.List(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to list models: %s", err)
-	}
-	if len(resp.Models) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("list should not be empty")
-	}
-	model := resp.Models[0]
-	if model.Name == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model name empty: %#v", model)
-	}
-	var nilTime time.Time
-	if model.ModifiedAt == nilTime {
-		t.Errorf("first model modified_at empty: %#v", model)
-	}
-	if model.Size == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("first model size empty: %#v", model)
-	}
-	if model.Digest == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model digest empty: %#v", model)
-	}
-	verifyModelDetails(t, model.Details)
-}
-
-func verifyModelDetails(t *testing.T, details api.ModelDetails) {
-	if details.Format == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model details.format empty: %#v", details)
-	}
-	if details.Family == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model details.family empty: %#v", details)
-	}
-	if details.ParameterSize == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model details.parameter_size empty: %#v", details)
-	}
-	if details.QuantizationLevel == "" {
-		t.Errorf("first model details.quantization_level empty: %#v", details)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIShowModel(t *testing.T) {
-	modelName := "llama3.2"
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, modelName); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-	}
-	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to show model: %s", err)
-	}
-	if resp.License == "" {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing license: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-	if resp.Modelfile == "" {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing modelfile: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-	if resp.Parameters == "" {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing parameters: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-	if resp.Template == "" {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing template: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-	// llama3 omits system
-	verifyModelDetails(t, resp.Details)
-	// llama3 ommits messages
-	if len(resp.ModelInfo) == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing model_info: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-	// llama3 omits projectors
-	var nilTime time.Time
-	if resp.ModifiedAt == nilTime {
-		t.Errorf("%s missing modified_at: %#v", modelName, resp)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAPIEmbeddings(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-	req := api.EmbeddingRequest{
-		Model:  "orca-mini",
-		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
-		Options: map[string]interface{}{
-			"temperature": 0,
-			"seed":        123,
-		},
-	}
-
-	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.Embeddings(ctx, &req)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("embeddings call failed %s", err)
-	}
-	if len(resp.Embedding) == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("zero length embedding response")
-	}
-}
--- a/integration/basic_test.go
+++ b/integration/basic_test.go
@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func TestBlueSky(t *testing.T) {
+func TestOrcaMiniBlueSky(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 	// Set up the test data
 	req := api.GenerateRequest{
-		Model:  smol,
+		Model:  "orca-mini",
 		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
 		Stream: &stream,
 		Options: map[string]any{
@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ func TestBlueSky(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUnicode(t *testing.T) {
-	skipUnderMinVRAM(t, 6)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 	// Set up the test data
@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ func TestUnicodeModelDir(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cancel()

 	req := api.GenerateRequest{
-		Model:  smol,
+		Model:  "orca-mini",
 		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
 		Stream: &stream,
 		Options: map[string]any{
--- a/integration/concurrency_test.go
+++ b/integration/concurrency_test.go
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func TestMultiModelConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
 		req = [2]api.GenerateRequest{
 			{
-				Model:     "llama3.2:1b",
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "why is the ocean blue?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestMultiModelConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }

-func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredict(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredictOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
 	req, resp := GenerateRequests()
 	reqLimit := len(req)
 	iterLimit := 5
@ -117,9 +117,6 @@ func TestMultiModelStress(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if maxVram < 2*format.GibiByte {
-		t.Skip("VRAM less than 2G, skipping model stress tests")
-	}

 	type model struct {
 		name string
@ -128,8 +125,8 @@ func TestMultiModelStress(t *testing.T) {

 	smallModels := []model{
 		{
-			name: "llama3.2:1b",
-			size: 2876 * format.MebiByte,
+			name: "orca-mini",
+			size: 2992 * format.MebiByte,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "phi",
--- a/integration/embed_test.go
+++ b/integration/embed_test.go
@ -34,15 +34,13 @@ func cosineSimilarity[V float32 | float64](v1, v2 []V) V {
 func TestAllMiniLMEmbeddings(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()

 	req := api.EmbeddingRequest{
 		Model:  "all-minilm",
 		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
 	}

-	res, err := embeddingTestHelper(ctx, client, t, req)
+	res, err := embeddingTestHelper(ctx, t, req)

 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
@ -64,15 +62,13 @@ func TestAllMiniLMEmbeddings(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAllMiniLMEmbed(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()

 	req := api.EmbedRequest{
 		Model: "all-minilm",
 		Input: "why is the sky blue?",
 	}

-	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, client, t, req)
+	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req)

 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
@ -102,15 +98,13 @@ func TestAllMiniLMEmbed(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAllMiniLMBatchEmbed(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()

 	req := api.EmbedRequest{
 		Model: "all-minilm",
 		Input: []string{"why is the sky blue?", "why is the grass green?"},
 	}

-	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, client, t, req)
+	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req)

 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
@ -150,8 +144,6 @@ func TestAllMiniLMBatchEmbed(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAllMiniLMEmbedTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()

 	truncTrue, truncFalse := true, false

@ -190,7 +182,7 @@ func TestAllMiniLMEmbedTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 	res := make(map[string]*api.EmbedResponse)

 	for _, req := range reqs {
-		response, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, client, t, req.Request)
+		response, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req.Request)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
 		}
@ -206,7 +198,7 @@ func TestAllMiniLMEmbedTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// check that truncate set to false returns an error if context length is exceeded
-	_, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, client, t, api.EmbedRequest{
+	_, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, api.EmbedRequest{
 		Model:    "all-minilm",
 		Input:    "why is the sky blue?",
 		Truncate: &truncFalse,
@ -218,7 +210,9 @@ func TestAllMiniLMEmbedTruncate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func embeddingTestHelper(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, t *testing.T, req api.EmbeddingRequest) (*api.EmbeddingResponse, error) {
+func embeddingTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, req api.EmbeddingRequest) (*api.EmbeddingResponse, error) {
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
 	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to pull model %s: %v", req.Model, err)
 	}
@ -232,7 +226,9 @@ func embeddingTestHelper(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, t *testing.T,
 	return response, nil
 }

-func embedTestHelper(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, t *testing.T, req api.EmbedRequest) (*api.EmbedResponse, error) {
+func embedTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, req api.EmbedRequest) (*api.EmbedResponse, error) {
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
 	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to pull model %s: %v", req.Model, err)
 	}
--- a/integration/llm_image_test.go
+++ b/integration/llm_image_test.go
@ -12,51 +12,58 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func TestVisionModels(t *testing.T) {
-	skipUnderMinVRAM(t, 6)
-	type testCase struct {
-		model string
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			model: "llava:7b",
+func TestIntegrationLlava(t *testing.T) {
+	image, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(imageEncoding)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req := api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:  "llava:7b",
+		Prompt: "what does the text in this image say?",
+		Stream: &stream,
+		Options: map[string]any{
+			"seed":        42,
+			"temperature": 0.0,
 		},
-		{
-			model: "llama3.2-vision",
-		},
-		{
-			model: "gemma3",
+		Images: []api.ImageData{
+			image,
 		},
 	}

-	for _, v := range testCases {
-		t.Run(v.model, func(t *testing.T) {
-			image, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(imageEncoding)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			req := api.GenerateRequest{
-				Model:  v.model,
-				Prompt: "what does the text in this image say?",
-				Stream: &stream,
-				Options: map[string]any{
-					"seed":        42,
-					"temperature": 0.0,
-				},
-				Images: []api.ImageData{
-					image,
-				},
-			}
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
-			defer cancel()
-			client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	// Note: sometimes it returns "the ollamas" sometimes "the ollams"
+	resp := "the ollam"
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	require.NoError(t, PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model))
+	// llava models on CPU can be quite slow to start,
+	DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req, []string{resp}, 120*time.Second, 30*time.Second)
+}

-			// Note: sometimes it returns "the ollamas" sometimes "the ollams"
-			resp := "the ollam"
-			defer cleanup()
-			require.NoError(t, PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model))
-			// llava models on CPU can be quite slow to start
-			DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req, []string{resp}, 240*time.Second, 30*time.Second)
-		})
+func TestIntegrationMllama(t *testing.T) {
+	image, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(imageEncoding)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req := api.GenerateRequest{
+		// TODO fix up once we publish the final image
+		Model:  "x/llama3.2-vision",
+		Prompt: "what does the text in this image say?",
+		Stream: &stream,
+		Options: map[string]any{
+			"seed":        42,
+			"temperature": 0.0,
+		},
+		Images: []api.ImageData{
+			image,
+		},
 	}
+
+	resp := "the ollamas"
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	require.NoError(t, PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model))
+	// mllama models on CPU can be quite slow to start,
+	DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req, []string{resp}, 240*time.Second, 30*time.Second)
 }

 func TestIntegrationSplitBatch(t *testing.T) {
--- a/integration/llm_test.go
+++ b/integration/llm_test.go
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var (
 	stream = false
 	req    = [2]api.GenerateRequest{
 		{
-			Model:  smol,
+			Model:  "orca-mini",
 			Prompt: "why is the ocean blue?",
 			Stream: &stream,
 			Options: map[string]any{
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ var (
 				"temperature": 0.0,
 			},
 		}, {
-			Model:  smol,
+			Model:  "orca-mini",
 			Prompt: "what is the origin of the us thanksgiving holiday?",
 			Stream: &stream,
 			Options: map[string]any{
@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ var (
 		},
 	}
 	resp = [2][]string{
-		{"sunlight", "scattering", "interact"},
+		{"sunlight"},
 		{"england", "english", "massachusetts", "pilgrims"},
 	}
 )

-func TestIntegrationSimple(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIntegrationSimpleOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*120)
 	defer cancel()
 	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req[0], resp[0])
--- a/integration/max_queue_test.go
+++ b/integration/max_queue_test.go
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func TestMaxQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE", strconv.Itoa(threadCount))

 	req := api.GenerateRequest{
-		Model:  smol,
+		Model:  "orca-mini",
 		Prompt: "write a long historical fiction story about christopher columbus.  use at least 10 facts from his actual journey",
 		Options: map[string]any{
 			"seed":        42,
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestMaxQueue(t *testing.T) {
 	}()

 	// Give the generate a chance to get started before we start hammering on embed requests
-	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

 	threadCount += 10 // Add a few extra to ensure we push the queue past its limit
 	busyCount := 0
--- a/integration/model_arch_test.go
+++ b/integration/model_arch_test.go
@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-//go:build integration && models
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
-)
-
-var (
-	started    = time.Now()
-	chatModels = []string{
-		"granite3-moe:latest",
-		"granite-code:latest",
-		"nemotron-mini:latest",
-		"command-r:latest",
-		"gemma2:latest",
-		"gemma:latest",
-		"internlm2:latest",
-		"phi3.5:latest",
-		"phi3:latest",
-		// "phi:latest", // flaky, sometimes generates no response on first query
-		"stablelm2:latest", // Predictions are off, crashes on small VRAM GPUs
-		"falcon:latest",
-		"falcon2:latest",
-		"minicpm-v:latest",
-		"mistral:latest",
-		"orca-mini:latest",
-		"llama2:latest",
-		"llama3.1:latest",
-		"llama3.2:latest",
-		"llama3.2-vision:latest",
-		"qwen2.5-coder:latest",
-		"qwen:latest",
-		"solar-pro:latest",
-	}
-)
-
-func TestModelsGenerate(t *testing.T) {
-	softTimeout, hardTimeout := getTimeouts(t)
-	slog.Info("Setting timeouts", "soft", softTimeout, "hard", hardTimeout)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), hardTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	// TODO use info API eventually
-	var maxVram uint64
-	var err error
-	if s := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM"); s != "" {
-		maxVram, err = strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("invalid  OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM %v", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		slog.Warn("No VRAM info available, testing all models, so larger ones might timeout...")
-	}
-
-	for _, model := range chatModels {
-		t.Run(model, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if time.Now().Sub(started) > softTimeout {
-				t.Skip("skipping remaining tests to avoid excessive runtime")
-			}
-			if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, model); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-			}
-			if maxVram > 0 {
-				resp, err := client.List(ctx)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("list models failed %v", err)
-				}
-				for _, m := range resp.Models {
-					if m.Name == model && float32(m.Size)*1.2 > float32(maxVram) {
-						t.Skipf("model %s is too large for available VRAM: %s > %s", model, format.HumanBytes(m.Size), format.HumanBytes(int64(maxVram)))
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			// TODO - fiddle with context size
-			req := api.GenerateRequest{
-				Model:  model,
-				Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
-				Options: map[string]interface{}{
-					"temperature": 0,
-					"seed":        123,
-				},
-			}
-			anyResp := []string{"rayleigh", "scattering", "atmosphere", "nitrogen", "oxygen"}
-			DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req, anyResp, 120*time.Second, 30*time.Second)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestModelsEmbed(t *testing.T) {
-	softTimeout, hardTimeout := getTimeouts(t)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), hardTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	// TODO use info API eventually
-	var maxVram uint64
-	var err error
-	if s := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM"); s != "" {
-		maxVram, err = strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("invalid  OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM %v", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		slog.Warn("No VRAM info available, testing all models, so larger ones might timeout...")
-	}
-
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testdata", "embed.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to open test data file: %s", err)
-	}
-	testCase := map[string][]float64{}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &testCase)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load test data: %s", err)
-	}
-	for model, expected := range testCase {
-
-		t.Run(model, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if time.Now().Sub(started) > softTimeout {
-				t.Skip("skipping remaining tests to avoid excessive runtime")
-			}
-			if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, model); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-			}
-			if maxVram > 0 {
-				resp, err := client.List(ctx)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("list models failed %v", err)
-				}
-				for _, m := range resp.Models {
-					if m.Name == model && float32(m.Size)*1.2 > float32(maxVram) {
-						t.Skipf("model %s is too large for available VRAM: %s > %s", model, format.HumanBytes(m.Size), format.HumanBytes(int64(maxVram)))
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			req := api.EmbeddingRequest{
-				Model:  model,
-				Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
-				Options: map[string]interface{}{
-					"temperature": 0,
-					"seed":        123,
-				},
-			}
-			resp, err := client.Embeddings(ctx, &req)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("embeddings call failed %s", err)
-			}
-			if len(resp.Embedding) == 0 {
-				t.Errorf("zero length embedding response")
-			}
-			if len(expected) != len(resp.Embedding) {
-				expStr := make([]string, len(resp.Embedding))
-				for i, v := range resp.Embedding {
-					expStr[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%0.6f", v)
-				}
-				// When adding new models, use this output to populate the testdata/embed.json
-				fmt.Printf("expected\n%s\n", strings.Join(expStr, ", "))
-				t.Fatalf("expected %d, got %d", len(expected), len(resp.Embedding))
-			}
-			sim := cosineSimilarity(resp.Embedding, expected)
-			if sim < 0.99 {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v (similarity: %f)", expected[0:5], resp.Embedding[0:5], sim)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-
-}
--- a/integration/quantization_test.go
+++ b/integration/quantization_test.go
@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-//go:build integration && models
-
-package integration
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-)
-
-func TestQuantization(t *testing.T) {
-	sourceModels := []string{
-		"qwen2.5:0.5b-instruct-fp16",
-	}
-	quantizations := []string{
-		"Q8_0",
-		"Q4_K_S",
-		"Q4_K_M",
-		"Q4_K",
-	}
-	softTimeout, hardTimeout := getTimeouts(t)
-	started := time.Now()
-	slog.Info("Setting timeouts", "soft", softTimeout, "hard", hardTimeout)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), hardTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	for _, base := range sourceModels {
-		if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, base); err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
-		}
-		for _, quant := range quantizations {
-			newName := fmt.Sprintf("%s__%s", base, quant)
-			t.Run(newName, func(t *testing.T) {
-				if time.Now().Sub(started) > softTimeout {
-					t.Skip("skipping remaining tests to avoid excessive runtime")
-				}
-				req := &api.CreateRequest{
-					Model:        newName,
-					Quantization: quant,
-					From:         base,
-				}
-				fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
-					// fmt.Print(".")
-					return nil
-				}
-				t.Logf("quantizing: %s -> %s", base, quant)
-				if err := client.Create(ctx, req, fn); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("create failed %s", err)
-				}
-				defer func() {
-					req := &api.DeleteRequest{
-						Model: newName,
-					}
-					t.Logf("deleting: %s -> %s", base, quant)
-					if err := client.Delete(ctx, req); err != nil {
-						t.Logf("failed to clean up %s: %s", req.Model, err)
-					}
-				}()
-				// Check metadata on the model
-				resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Name: newName})
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("unable to show model: %s", err)
-				}
-				if !strings.Contains(resp.Details.QuantizationLevel, quant) {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected quantization for %s:\ngot: %s", newName, resp.Details.QuantizationLevel)
-				}
-
-				stream := true
-				genReq := api.GenerateRequest{
-					Model:     newName,
-					Prompt:    "why is the sky blue?",
-					KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 3 * time.Second},
-					Options: map[string]any{
-						"seed":        42,
-						"temperature": 0.0,
-					},
-					Stream: &stream,
-				}
-				t.Logf("verifying: %s -> %s", base, quant)
-
-				// Some smaller quantizations can cause models to have poor quality
-				// or get stuck in repetition loops, so we stop as soon as we have any matches
-				anyResp := []string{"rayleigh", "scattering", "day", "sun", "moon", "color", "nitrogen", "oxygen"}
-				reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-				atLeastOne := false
-				var buf bytes.Buffer
-				genfn := func(response api.GenerateResponse) error {
-					buf.Write([]byte(response.Response))
-					fullResp := strings.ToLower(buf.String())
-					for _, resp := range anyResp {
-						if strings.Contains(fullResp, resp) {
-							atLeastOne = true
-							t.Log(fullResp)
-							reqCancel()
-							break
-						}
-					}
-					return nil
-				}
-
-				done := make(chan int)
-				var genErr error
-				go func() {
-					genErr = client.Generate(reqCtx, &genReq, genfn)
-					done <- 0
-				}()
-
-				select {
-				case <-done:
-					if genErr != nil && !atLeastOne {
-						t.Fatalf("failed with %s request prompt %s ", genReq.Model, genReq.Prompt)
-					}
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for generate")
-				}
-
-				t.Logf("passed")
-
-			})
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/integration/testdata/embed.json
+++ b/integration/testdata/embed.json
--- a/integration/utils_test.go
+++ b/integration/utils_test.go
@ -24,14 +24,9 @@ import (

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/lifecycle"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-const (
-	smol = "llama3.2:1b"
-)
-
 func Init() {
 	lifecycle.InitLogging()
 }
@ -145,7 +140,7 @@ func PullIfMissing(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) er

 	showCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadlineCause(
 		ctx,
-		time.Now().Add(20*time.Second),
+		time.Now().Add(10*time.Second),
 		fmt.Errorf("show for existing model %s took too long", modelName),
 	)
 	defer cancel()
@ -162,7 +157,7 @@ func PullIfMissing(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) er
 	}
 	slog.Info("model missing", "model", modelName)

-	stallDuration := 60 * time.Second // This includes checksum verification, which can take a while on larger models, and slower systems
+	stallDuration := 30 * time.Second // This includes checksum verification, which can take a while on larger models
 	stallTimer := time.NewTimer(stallDuration)
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
 		// fmt.Print(".")
@ -217,7 +212,6 @@ func InitServerConnection(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) (*api.Client, strin
 					slog.Error("failed to open server log", "logfile", lifecycle.ServerLogFile, "error", err)
 					return
 				}
-				defer fp.Close()
 				data, err := io.ReadAll(fp)
 				if err != nil {
 					slog.Error("failed to read server log", "logfile", lifecycle.ServerLogFile, "error", err)
@ -289,11 +283,11 @@ func DoGenerate(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client *api.Client, genReq ap
 }

 // Generate a set of requests
-// By default each request uses llama3.2 as the model
+// By default each request uses orca-mini as the model
 func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 	return []api.GenerateRequest{
 			{
-				Model:     smol,
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "why is the ocean blue?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -302,7 +296,7 @@ func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 					"temperature": 0.0,
 				},
 			}, {
-				Model:     smol,
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "why is the color of dirt brown?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -311,7 +305,7 @@ func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 					"temperature": 0.0,
 				},
 			}, {
-				Model:     smol,
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "what is the origin of the us thanksgiving holiday?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -320,7 +314,7 @@ func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 					"temperature": 0.0,
 				},
 			}, {
-				Model:     smol,
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "what is the origin of independence day?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -329,7 +323,7 @@ func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 					"temperature": 0.0,
 				},
 			}, {
-				Model:     smol,
+				Model:     "orca-mini",
 				Prompt:    "what is the composition of air?",
 				Stream:    &stream,
 				KeepAlive: &api.Duration{Duration: 10 * time.Second},
@ -347,26 +341,3 @@ func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
 			{"nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon", "dioxide"},
 		}
 }
-
-func skipUnderMinVRAM(t *testing.T, gb uint64) {
-	// TODO use info API in the future
-	if s := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM"); s != "" {
-		maxVram, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		// Don't hammer on small VRAM cards...
-		if maxVram < gb*format.GibiByte {
-			t.Skip("skipping with small VRAM to avoid timeouts")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func getTimeouts(t *testing.T) (soft time.Duration, hard time.Duration) {
-	deadline, hasDeadline := t.Deadline()
-	if !hasDeadline {
-		return 8 * time.Minute, 10 * time.Minute
-	} else if deadline.Compare(time.Now().Add(2*time.Minute)) <= 0 {
-		t.Skip("too little time")
-		return time.Duration(0), time.Duration(0)
-	}
-	return -time.Since(deadline.Add(-2 * time.Minute)), -time.Since(deadline.Add(-20 * time.Second))
-}
--- a/kvcache/causal.go
+++ b/kvcache/causal.go
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ type shiftFn func(ctx ml.Context, layer int, key, shift ml.Tensor) (ml.Tensor, e
 type Causal struct {
 	DType      ml.DType
 	windowSize int32
-	chunkSize  int32

 	opts CausalOptions

@ -98,17 +97,6 @@ func NewSWACache(windowSize int32, shift shiftFn) *Causal {
 	}
 }

-func NewChunkedAttentionCache(chunkSize int32, shift shiftFn) *Causal {
-	return &Causal{
-		windowSize: math.MaxInt32,
-		chunkSize:  chunkSize,
-		shiftFn:    shift,
-		ctxs:       make(map[int]ml.Context),
-		keys:       make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
-		values:     make(map[int]ml.Tensor),
-	}
-}
-
 func (c *Causal) Init(backend ml.Backend, dtype ml.DType, maxSequences, capacity, maxBatch int) {
 	if c.config == nil {
 		var config ml.CacheConfig
@ -239,7 +227,7 @@ func (c *Causal) findStartLoc() (int, error) {
 		}
 	}

-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w (cache: %v batch: %v)", ErrKvCacheFull, len(c.cells), c.curBatchSize)
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w (length: %v)", ErrKvCacheFull, len(c.cells))
 }

 func (c *Causal) updateSlidingWindow() {
@ -312,7 +300,6 @@ func (c *Causal) buildMask(ctx ml.Context) (ml.Tensor, error) {
 		for j := c.curCellRange.min; j <= c.curCellRange.max; j++ {
 			if !slices.Contains(c.cells[j].sequences, c.curSequences[i]) ||
 				(enabled && c.cells[j].pos > c.curPositions[i]) ||
-				c.chunkSize > 0 && c.cells[j].pos < c.curPositions[i]-c.curPositions[i]%c.chunkSize ||
 				c.cells[j].pos < c.curPositions[i]-c.windowSize {
 				mask[i*length+(j-c.curCellRange.min)] = float32(math.Inf(-1))
 			}
--- a/kvcache/causal_test.go
+++ b/kvcache/causal_test.go
@ -86,64 +86,6 @@ func TestSWA(t *testing.T) {
 	testCache(t, backend, cache, tests)
 }

-func TestChunkedAttention(t *testing.T) {
-	cache := NewChunkedAttentionCache(2, nil)
-	defer cache.Close()
-
-	var b testBackend
-	cache.Init(&b, ml.DTypeF16, 1, 16, 16)
-
-	x := float32(math.Inf(-1))
-
-	testCache(
-		t, &b, cache,
-		[]testCase{
-			{
-				name:          "FirstBatch",
-				in:            []float32{1, 2, 3, 4},
-				inShape:       []int{1, 1, 4},
-				seqs:          []int{0, 0, 0, 0},
-				pos:           []int32{0, 1, 2, 3},
-				expected:      []float32{1, 2, 3, 4},
-				expectedShape: []int{1, 1, 4},
-				expectedMask: []float32{
-					0, x, x, x,
-					0, 0, x, x,
-					x, x, 0, x,
-					x, x, 0, 0,
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name:          "SecondBatch",
-				in:            []float32{5, 6, 7},
-				inShape:       []int{1, 1, 3},
-				seqs:          []int{0, 0, 0},
-				pos:           []int32{4, 5, 6},
-				expected:      []float32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7},
-				expectedShape: []int{1, 1, 7},
-				expectedMask: []float32{
-					x, x, x, x, 0, x, x,
-					x, x, x, x, 0, 0, x,
-					x, x, x, x, x, x, 0,
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name:          "ThirdBatch",
-				in:            []float32{8, 9},
-				inShape:       []int{1, 1, 2},
-				seqs:          []int{0, 0},
-				pos:           []int32{7, 8},
-				expected:      []float32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
-				expectedShape: []int{1, 1, 9},
-				expectedMask: []float32{
-					x, x, x, x, x, x, 0, 0, x,
-					x, x, x, x, x, x, x, x, 0,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	)
-}
-
 func TestSequences(t *testing.T) {
 	backend := &testBackend{}
 	cache := NewCausalCache(nil)
@ -351,16 +293,8 @@ func testCache(t *testing.T, backend ml.Backend, cache Cache, tests []testCase)

 			context.Forward(out, mask).Compute(out, mask)

-			if !slices.Equal(out.Floats(), test.expected) {
-				t.Errorf("TestCache: have %v; want %v", out.Floats(), test.expected)
-			}
-
-			if !slices.Equal(out.Shape(), test.expectedShape) {
-				t.Errorf("TestCache: has shape %v; want %v", out.Shape(), test.expectedShape)
-			}
-
-			if !slices.Equal(mask.Floats(), test.expectedMask) {
-				t.Errorf("TestCache: have mask: have %v want %v", mask.Floats(), test.expectedMask)
+			if !slices.Equal(out.Floats(), test.expected) || !slices.Equal(out.Shape(), test.expectedShape) || !slices.Equal(mask.Floats(), test.expectedMask) {
+				t.Errorf("TestCache: have %v (shape %v); want %v (shape %v); mask: have %v (shape %v) want %v", out.Floats(), out.Shape(), test.expected, test.expectedShape, mask.Floats(), mask.Shape(), test.expectedMask)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@ -490,17 +424,6 @@ func (c *testContext) FromIntSlice(s []int32, shape ...int) (ml.Tensor, error) {
 	return out, nil
 }

-func (c *testContext) Arange(start, stop, step float32, dtype ml.DType) ml.Tensor {
-	s := make([]float32, 0, int((stop-start)/step))
-	for i := start; i < stop; i += step {
-		s = append(s, i)
-	}
-
-	out, _ := c.FromFloatSlice(s, len(s))
-	out.(*testTensor).dtype = dtype
-	return out
-}
-
 func (c *testContext) Input() ml.Context    { return c }
 func (c *testContext) Layer(int) ml.Context { return c }

--- a/llama/build-info.cpp
+++ b/llama/build-info.cpp
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 int LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER = 0;
-char const *LLAMA_COMMIT = "de4c07f93783a1a96456a44dc16b9db538ee1618";
+char const *LLAMA_COMMIT = "d7cfe1ffe0f435d0048a6058d529daf76e072d9c";
 char const *LLAMA_COMPILER = "";
 char const *LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET = "";
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/.rsync-filter
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/.rsync-filter
@ -10,11 +10,10 @@ include common/stb_image.*
 include include/
 include include/llama.*
 include include/llama-*.*
-include tools/
-include tools/mtmd/
-include tools/mtmd/clip.*
-include tools/mtmd/clip-impl.*
-include tools/mtmd/llava.*
+include examples/
+include examples/llava/
+include examples/llava/clip.*
+include examples/llava/llava.*
 include src/
 include src/llama.*
 include src/llama-*.*
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/common/common.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/common/common.cpp
@ -7,6 +7,10 @@

 #include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"
+// Change JSON_ASSERT from assert() to GGML_ASSERT:
+#define JSON_ASSERT GGML_ASSERT
+#include "json.hpp"
+#include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
 #include "llama.h"

 #include <algorithm>
@ -48,11 +52,47 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
+#if defined(LLAMA_USE_CURL)
+#include <curl/curl.h>
+#include <curl/easy.h>
+#include <future>
+#endif

 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif

+#if defined(LLAMA_USE_CURL)
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#   if !defined(PATH_MAX)
+#   define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH
+#   endif
+#else
+#include <sys/syslimits.h>
+#endif
+#define LLAMA_CURL_MAX_URL_LENGTH 2084 // Maximum URL Length in Chrome: 2083
+
+//
+// CURL utils
+//
+
+using curl_ptr = std::unique_ptr<CURL, decltype(&curl_easy_cleanup)>;
+
+// cannot use unique_ptr for curl_slist, because we cannot update without destroying the old one
+struct curl_slist_ptr {
+    struct curl_slist * ptr = nullptr;
+    ~curl_slist_ptr() {
+        if (ptr) {
+            curl_slist_free_all(ptr);
+        }
+    }
+};
+#endif // LLAMA_USE_CURL
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
 //
 // CPU utils
 //
@ -443,11 +483,6 @@ void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::
    s = std::move(builder);
 }

-std::string regex_escape(const std::string & s) {
-    static const std::regex special_chars("[.^$|()*+?\\[\\]{}\\\\]");
-    return std::regex_replace(s, special_chars, "\\$0");
-}
-
 std::string string_join(const std::vector<std::string> & values, const std::string & separator) {
    std::ostringstream result;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i) {
@ -830,7 +865,7 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
    if (getenv("LLAMA_CACHE")) {
        cache_directory = std::getenv("LLAMA_CACHE");
    } else {
-#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(_AIX)
+#ifdef __linux__
        if (std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME")) {
            cache_directory = std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME");
        } else {
@ -840,9 +875,7 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
        cache_directory = std::getenv("HOME") + std::string("/Library/Caches/");
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
        cache_directory = std::getenv("LOCALAPPDATA");
-#else
-#  error Unknown architecture
-#endif
+#endif // __linux__
        cache_directory = ensure_trailing_slash(cache_directory);
        cache_directory += "llama.cpp";
    }
@ -863,14 +896,22 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_file(const std::string & filename) {
 //
 // Model utils
 //
-
 struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
    common_init_result iparams;
    auto mparams = common_model_params_to_llama(params);

-    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(params.model.path.c_str(), mparams);
+    llama_model * model = nullptr;
+
+    if (!params.hf_repo.empty() && !params.hf_file.empty()) {
+        model = common_load_model_from_hf(params.hf_repo, params.hf_file, params.model, params.hf_token, mparams);
+    } else if (!params.model_url.empty()) {
+        model = common_load_model_from_url(params.model_url, params.model, params.hf_token, mparams);
+    } else {
+        model = llama_model_load_from_file(params.model.c_str(), mparams);
+    }
+
    if (model == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
        return iparams;
    }

@ -905,13 +946,13 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {

    llama_context * lctx = llama_init_from_model(model, cparams);
    if (lctx == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
        llama_model_free(model);
        return iparams;
    }

-    if (params.ctx_shift && !llama_kv_self_can_shift(lctx)) {
-        LOG_WRN("%s: KV cache shifting is not supported for this context, disabling KV cache shifting\n", __func__);
+    if (params.ctx_shift && !llama_kv_cache_can_shift(lctx)) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: KV cache shifting is not supported for this model, disabling KV cache shifting\n", __func__);
        params.ctx_shift = false;
    }

@ -988,8 +1029,6 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
    if (params.warmup) {
        LOG_WRN("%s: warming up the model with an empty run - please wait ... (--no-warmup to disable)\n", __func__);

-        llama_set_warmup(lctx, true);
-
        std::vector<llama_token> tmp;
        llama_token bos = llama_vocab_bos(vocab);
        llama_token eos = llama_vocab_eos(vocab);
@ -1017,10 +1056,9 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
        if (llama_model_has_decoder(model)) {
            llama_decode(lctx, llama_batch_get_one(tmp.data(), std::min(tmp.size(), (size_t) params.n_batch)));
        }
-        llama_kv_self_clear(lctx);
+        llama_kv_cache_clear(lctx);
        llama_synchronize(lctx);
        llama_perf_context_reset(lctx);
-        llama_set_warmup(lctx, false);
    }

    iparams.model.reset(model);
@ -1029,19 +1067,6 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
    return iparams;
 }

-std::string get_model_endpoint() {
-    const char * model_endpoint_env = getenv("MODEL_ENDPOINT");
-    // We still respect the use of environment-variable "HF_ENDPOINT" for backward-compatibility.
-    const char * hf_endpoint_env = getenv("HF_ENDPOINT");
-    const char * endpoint_env = model_endpoint_env ? model_endpoint_env : hf_endpoint_env;
-    std::string model_endpoint = "https://huggingface.co/";
-    if (endpoint_env) {
-        model_endpoint = endpoint_env;
-        if (model_endpoint.back() != '/') model_endpoint += '/';
-    }
-    return model_endpoint;
-}
-
 void common_set_adapter_lora(struct llama_context * ctx, std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> & lora) {
    llama_clear_adapter_lora(ctx);
    for (auto & la : lora) {
@ -1057,18 +1082,15 @@ struct llama_model_params common_model_params_to_llama(common_params & params) {
    if (!params.devices.empty()) {
        mparams.devices = params.devices.data();
    }
-
    if (params.n_gpu_layers != -1) {
        mparams.n_gpu_layers = params.n_gpu_layers;
    }
-
    mparams.main_gpu        = params.main_gpu;
    mparams.split_mode      = params.split_mode;
    mparams.tensor_split    = params.tensor_split;
    mparams.use_mmap        = params.use_mmap;
    mparams.use_mlock       = params.use_mlock;
    mparams.check_tensors   = params.check_tensors;
-
    if (params.kv_overrides.empty()) {
        mparams.kv_overrides = NULL;
    } else {
@ -1076,13 +1098,6 @@ struct llama_model_params common_model_params_to_llama(common_params & params) {
        mparams.kv_overrides = params.kv_overrides.data();
    }

-    if (params.tensor_buft_overrides.empty()) {
-        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = NULL;
-    } else {
-        GGML_ASSERT(params.tensor_buft_overrides.back().pattern == nullptr && "Tensor buffer overrides not terminated with empty pattern");
-        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = params.tensor_buft_overrides.data();
-    }
-
    return mparams;
 }

@ -1096,6 +1111,7 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
    cparams.n_threads         = params.cpuparams.n_threads;
    cparams.n_threads_batch   = params.cpuparams_batch.n_threads == -1 ?
                                params.cpuparams.n_threads : params.cpuparams_batch.n_threads;
+    cparams.logits_all        = params.logits_all;
    cparams.embeddings        = params.embedding;
    cparams.rope_scaling_type = params.rope_scaling_type;
    cparams.rope_freq_base    = params.rope_freq_base;
@ -1113,7 +1129,6 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
    cparams.offload_kqv       = !params.no_kv_offload;
    cparams.flash_attn        = params.flash_attn;
    cparams.no_perf           = params.no_perf;
-    cparams.op_offload        = !params.no_op_offload;

    if (params.reranking) {
        cparams.embeddings    = true;
@ -1142,6 +1157,451 @@ struct ggml_threadpool_params ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const cpu_p
    return tpp;
 }

+#ifdef LLAMA_USE_CURL
+
+#define CURL_MAX_RETRY 3
+#define CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS 2
+
+static bool curl_perform_with_retry(const std::string & url, CURL * curl, int max_attempts, int retry_delay_seconds) {
+    int remaining_attempts = max_attempts;
+
+    while (remaining_attempts > 0) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Trying to download from %s (attempt %d of %d)...\n", __func__ , url.c_str(), max_attempts - remaining_attempts + 1, max_attempts);
+
+        CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+        if (res == CURLE_OK) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int exponential_backoff_delay = std::pow(retry_delay_seconds, max_attempts - remaining_attempts) * 1000;
+        LOG_WRN("%s: curl_easy_perform() failed: %s, retrying after %d milliseconds...\n", __func__, curl_easy_strerror(res), exponential_backoff_delay);
+
+        remaining_attempts--;
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(exponential_backoff_delay));
+    }
+
+    LOG_ERR("%s: curl_easy_perform() failed after %d attempts\n", __func__, max_attempts);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool common_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & path, const std::string & hf_token) {
+    // Initialize libcurl
+    curl_ptr       curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
+    curl_slist_ptr http_headers;
+    if (!curl) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error initializing libcurl\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool force_download = false;
+
+    // Set the URL, allow to follow http redirection
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
+
+    // Check if hf-token or bearer-token was specified
+    if (!hf_token.empty()) {
+        std::string auth_header = "Authorization: Bearer " + hf_token;
+        http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, auth_header.c_str());
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
+    }
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    // CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA tells libcurl to use standard certificate store of
+    //   operating system. Currently implemented under MS-Windows.
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS, CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA);
+#endif
+
+    // Check if the file already exists locally
+    auto file_exists = std::filesystem::exists(path);
+
+    // If the file exists, check its JSON metadata companion file.
+    std::string metadata_path = path + ".json";
+    nlohmann::json metadata;
+    std::string etag;
+    std::string last_modified;
+
+    if (file_exists) {
+        // Try and read the JSON metadata file (note: stream autoclosed upon exiting this block).
+        std::ifstream metadata_in(metadata_path);
+        if (metadata_in.good()) {
+            try {
+                metadata_in >> metadata;
+                LOG_INF("%s: previous metadata file found %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), metadata.dump().c_str());
+                if (metadata.contains("url") && metadata.at("url").is_string()) {
+                    auto previous_url = metadata.at("url").get<std::string>();
+                    if (previous_url != url) {
+                        LOG_ERR("%s: Model URL mismatch: %s != %s\n", __func__, url.c_str(), previous_url.c_str());
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (metadata.contains("etag") && metadata.at("etag").is_string()) {
+                    etag = metadata.at("etag");
+                }
+                if (metadata.contains("lastModified") && metadata.at("lastModified").is_string()) {
+                    last_modified = metadata.at("lastModified");
+                }
+            } catch (const nlohmann::json::exception & e) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: error reading metadata file %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), e.what());
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        LOG_INF("%s: no previous model file found %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Send a HEAD request to retrieve the etag and last-modified headers
+    struct common_load_model_from_url_headers {
+        std::string etag;
+        std::string last_modified;
+    };
+
+    common_load_model_from_url_headers headers;
+
+    {
+        typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION_PTR)(char *, size_t, size_t, void *);
+        auto header_callback = [](char * buffer, size_t /*size*/, size_t n_items, void * userdata) -> size_t {
+            common_load_model_from_url_headers * headers = (common_load_model_from_url_headers *) userdata;
+
+            static std::regex header_regex("([^:]+): (.*)\r\n");
+            static std::regex etag_regex("ETag", std::regex_constants::icase);
+            static std::regex last_modified_regex("Last-Modified", std::regex_constants::icase);
+
+            std::string header(buffer, n_items);
+            std::smatch match;
+            if (std::regex_match(header, match, header_regex)) {
+                const std::string & key = match[1];
+                const std::string & value = match[2];
+                if (std::regex_match(key, match, etag_regex)) {
+                    headers->etag = value;
+                } else if (std::regex_match(key, match, last_modified_regex)) {
+                    headers->last_modified = value;
+                }
+            }
+            return n_items;
+        };
+
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOBODY, 1L); // will trigger the HEAD verb
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L); // hide head request progress
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION_PTR>(header_callback));
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &headers);
+
+        bool was_perform_successful = curl_perform_with_retry(url, curl.get(), CURL_MAX_RETRY, CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS);
+        if (!was_perform_successful) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        long http_code = 0;
+        curl_easy_getinfo(curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &http_code);
+        if (http_code != 200) {
+            // HEAD not supported, we don't know if the file has changed
+            // force trigger downloading
+            force_download = true;
+            LOG_ERR("%s: HEAD invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool should_download = !file_exists || force_download;
+    if (!should_download) {
+        if (!etag.empty() && etag != headers.etag) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: ETag header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, etag.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str());
+            should_download = true;
+        } else if (!last_modified.empty() && last_modified != headers.last_modified) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: Last-Modified header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, last_modified.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
+            should_download = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (should_download) {
+        std::string path_temporary = path + ".downloadInProgress";
+        if (file_exists) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: deleting previous downloaded file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            if (remove(path.c_str()) != 0) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: unable to delete file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Set the output file
+
+        struct FILE_deleter {
+            void operator()(FILE * f) const {
+                fclose(f);
+            }
+        };
+
+        std::unique_ptr<FILE, FILE_deleter> outfile(fopen(path_temporary.c_str(), "wb"));
+        if (!outfile) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: error opening local file for writing: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR)(void * data, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * fd);
+        auto write_callback = [](void * data, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * fd) -> size_t {
+            return fwrite(data, size, nmemb, (FILE *)fd);
+        };
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0L);
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR>(write_callback));
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, outfile.get());
+
+        //  display download progress
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
+
+        // helper function to hide password in URL
+        auto llama_download_hide_password_in_url = [](const std::string & url) -> std::string {
+            std::size_t protocol_pos = url.find("://");
+            if (protocol_pos == std::string::npos) {
+                return url;  // Malformed URL
+            }
+
+            std::size_t at_pos = url.find('@', protocol_pos + 3);
+            if (at_pos == std::string::npos) {
+                return url;  // No password in URL
+            }
+
+            return url.substr(0, protocol_pos + 3) + "********" + url.substr(at_pos);
+        };
+
+        // start the download
+        LOG_INF("%s: trying to download model from %s to %s (server_etag:%s, server_last_modified:%s)...\n", __func__,
+            llama_download_hide_password_in_url(url).c_str(), path.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
+        bool was_perform_successful = curl_perform_with_retry(url, curl.get(), CURL_MAX_RETRY, CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS);
+        if (!was_perform_successful) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        long http_code = 0;
+        curl_easy_getinfo (curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &http_code);
+        if (http_code < 200 || http_code >= 400) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Causes file to be closed explicitly here before we rename it.
+        outfile.reset();
+
+        // Write the updated JSON metadata file.
+        metadata.update({
+            {"url", url},
+            {"etag", headers.etag},
+            {"lastModified", headers.last_modified}
+        });
+        std::ofstream(metadata_path) << metadata.dump(4);
+        LOG_INF("%s: file metadata saved: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str());
+
+        if (rename(path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str()) != 0) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: unable to rename file: %s to %s\n", __func__, path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_url(
+        const std::string & model_url,
+        const std::string & local_path,
+        const std::string & hf_token,
+        const struct llama_model_params & params) {
+    // Basic validation of the model_url
+    if (model_url.empty()) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid model_url\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (!common_download_file(model_url, local_path, hf_token)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // check for additional GGUFs split to download
+    int n_split = 0;
+    {
+        struct gguf_init_params gguf_params = {
+            /*.no_alloc = */ true,
+            /*.ctx      = */ NULL,
+        };
+        auto * ctx_gguf = gguf_init_from_file(local_path.c_str(), gguf_params);
+        if (!ctx_gguf) {
+            LOG_ERR("\n%s:  failed to load input GGUF from %s\n", __func__, local_path.c_str());
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        auto key_n_split = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf, LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT);
+        if (key_n_split >= 0) {
+            n_split = gguf_get_val_u16(ctx_gguf, key_n_split);
+        }
+
+        gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
+    }
+
+    if (n_split > 1) {
+        char split_prefix[PATH_MAX] = {0};
+        char split_url_prefix[LLAMA_CURL_MAX_URL_LENGTH] = {0};
+
+        // Verify the first split file format
+        // and extract split URL and PATH prefixes
+        {
+            if (!llama_split_prefix(split_prefix, sizeof(split_prefix), local_path.c_str(), 0, n_split)) {
+                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model file name: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, local_path.c_str(), n_split);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            if (!llama_split_prefix(split_url_prefix, sizeof(split_url_prefix), model_url.c_str(), 0, n_split)) {
+                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model url: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, model_url.c_str(), n_split);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Prepare download in parallel
+        std::vector<std::future<bool>> futures_download;
+        for (int idx = 1; idx < n_split; idx++) {
+            futures_download.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [&split_prefix, &split_url_prefix, &n_split, hf_token](int download_idx) -> bool {
+                char split_path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
+                llama_split_path(split_path, sizeof(split_path), split_prefix, download_idx, n_split);
+
+                char split_url[LLAMA_CURL_MAX_URL_LENGTH] = {0};
+                llama_split_path(split_url, sizeof(split_url), split_url_prefix, download_idx, n_split);
+
+                return common_download_file(split_url, split_path, hf_token);
+            }, idx));
+        }
+
+        // Wait for all downloads to complete
+        for (auto & f : futures_download) {
+            if (!f.get()) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return llama_model_load_from_file(local_path.c_str(), params);
+}
+
+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_hf(
+        const std::string & repo,
+        const std::string & remote_path,
+        const std::string & local_path,
+        const std::string & hf_token,
+        const struct llama_model_params & params) {
+    // construct hugging face model url:
+    //
+    //  --repo ggml-org/models --file tinyllama-1.1b/ggml-model-f16.gguf
+    //    https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/models/resolve/main/tinyllama-1.1b/ggml-model-f16.gguf
+    //
+    //  --repo TheBloke/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1-GGUF --file mixtral-8x7b-v0.1.Q4_K_M.gguf
+    //    https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1-GGUF/resolve/main/mixtral-8x7b-v0.1.Q4_K_M.gguf
+    //
+
+    std::string model_url = "https://huggingface.co/";
+    model_url += repo;
+    model_url += "/resolve/main/";
+    model_url += remote_path;
+
+    return common_load_model_from_url(model_url, local_path, hf_token, params);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Allow getting the HF file from the HF repo with tag (like ollama), for example:
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q4
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q5_k_s
+ * Tag is optional, default to "latest" (meaning it checks for Q4_K_M first, then Q4, then if not found, return the first GGUF file in repo)
+ *
+ * Return pair of <repo, file> (with "repo" already having tag removed)
+ *
+ * Note: we use the Ollama-compatible HF API, but not using the blobId. Instead, we use the special "ggufFile" field which returns the value for "hf_file". This is done to be backward-compatible with existing cache files.
+ */
+std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_get_hf_file(const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag, const std::string & hf_token) {
+    auto parts = string_split<std::string>(hf_repo_with_tag, ':');
+    std::string tag = parts.size() > 1 ? parts.back() : "latest";
+    std::string hf_repo = parts[0];
+    if (string_split<std::string>(hf_repo, '/').size() != 2) {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("error: invalid HF repo format, expected <user>/<model>[:quant]\n");
+    }
+
+    // fetch model info from Hugging Face Hub API
+    json model_info;
+    curl_ptr       curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
+    curl_slist_ptr http_headers;
+    std::string res_str;
+    std::string url = "https://huggingface.co/v2/" + hf_repo + "/manifests/" + tag;
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
+    typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR)(void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data);
+    auto write_callback = [](void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data) -> size_t {
+        static_cast<std::string *>(data)->append((char * ) ptr, size * nmemb);
+        return size * nmemb;
+    };
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR>(write_callback));
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &res_str);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS, CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA);
+#endif
+    if (!hf_token.empty()) {
+        std::string auth_header = "Authorization: Bearer " + hf_token;
+        http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, auth_header.c_str());
+    }
+    // Important: the User-Agent must be "llama-cpp" to get the "ggufFile" field in the response
+    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "User-Agent: llama-cpp");
+    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "Accept: application/json");
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
+
+    CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl.get());
+
+    if (res != CURLE_OK) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: cannot make GET request to HF API");
+    }
+
+    long res_code;
+    curl_easy_getinfo(curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &res_code);
+    if (res_code == 200) {
+        model_info = json::parse(res_str);
+    } else if (res_code == 401) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: model is private or does not exist; if you are accessing a gated model, please provide a valid HF token");
+    } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error from HF API, response code: %ld, data: %s", res_code, res_str.c_str()));
+    }
+
+    // check response
+    if (!model_info.contains("ggufFile")) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: model does not have ggufFile");
+    }
+    json & gguf_file = model_info.at("ggufFile");
+    if (!gguf_file.contains("rfilename")) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: ggufFile does not have rfilename");
+    }
+
+    return std::make_pair(hf_repo, gguf_file.at("rfilename"));
+}
+
+#else
+
+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_url(
+        const std::string & /*model_url*/,
+        const std::string & /*local_path*/,
+        const std::string & /*hf_token*/,
+        const struct llama_model_params & /*params*/) {
+    LOG_WRN("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from an url not supported.\n", __func__);
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_hf(
+        const std::string & /*repo*/,
+        const std::string & /*remote_path*/,
+        const std::string & /*local_path*/,
+        const std::string & /*hf_token*/,
+        const struct llama_model_params & /*params*/) {
+    LOG_WRN("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from Hugging Face not supported.\n", __func__);
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_get_hf_file(const std::string &, const std::string &) {
+    LOG_WRN("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from Hugging Face not supported.\n", __func__);
+    return std::make_pair("", "");
+}
+
+#endif // LLAMA_USE_CURL
+
 //
 // Batch utils
 //
@ -1566,19 +2026,3 @@ common_control_vector_data common_control_vector_load(const std::vector<common_c
    return result;
 }

-ggml_opt_dataset_t common_opt_dataset_init(struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens, int64_t stride) {
-    const int64_t ne_datapoint = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
-    const int64_t ndata        = (tokens.size() - ne_datapoint - 1) / stride;
-    ggml_opt_dataset_t result = ggml_opt_dataset_init(
-        GGML_TYPE_I32, GGML_TYPE_I32, ne_datapoint, ne_datapoint, ndata, /*ndata_shard =*/ 1);
-
-    llama_token * data   = (llama_token *) ggml_opt_dataset_data(result)->data;
-    llama_token * labels = (llama_token *) ggml_opt_dataset_labels(result)->data;
-
-    for (int64_t idata = 0; idata < ndata; ++idata) {
-        memcpy(data   + idata*ne_datapoint, tokens.data() + idata*stride + 0, ne_datapoint*sizeof(llama_token));
-        memcpy(labels + idata*ne_datapoint, tokens.data() + idata*stride + 1, ne_datapoint*sizeof(llama_token));
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/common/common.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/common/common.h
@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ enum llama_example {
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN,
+    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_INFILL,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL,
@ -95,7 +96,6 @@ enum common_sampler_type {
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC         = 8,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL      = 9,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES   = 10,
-    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA = 11,
 };

 // dimensionality reduction methods, used by cvector-generator
@ -110,17 +110,9 @@ enum common_conversation_mode {
    COMMON_CONVERSATION_MODE_AUTO     = 2,
 };

-enum common_grammar_trigger_type {
-    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_TOKEN,
-    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD,
-    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
-    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START,
-};
-
 struct common_grammar_trigger {
-    common_grammar_trigger_type type;
-    std::string value;
-    llama_token token = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    std::string word;
+    bool at_start;
 };

 // sampling parameters
@ -161,7 +153,6 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
    std::vector<enum common_sampler_type> samplers = {
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY,
-        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P,
@ -172,7 +163,8 @@ struct common_params_sampling {

    std::string                         grammar; // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling
    bool                                grammar_lazy = false;
-    std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_triggers; // optional triggers (for lazy grammars)
+    std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_trigger_words;  // optional trigger words to trigger lazy grammar
+    std::vector<llama_token>            grammar_trigger_tokens; // optional trigger tokens to trigger lazy grammar and print trigger special tokens.
    std::set<llama_token>               preserved_tokens;

    std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias; // logit biases to apply
@ -181,13 +173,6 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
    std::string print() const;
 };

-struct common_params_model {
-    std::string path    = ""; // model local path                                           // NOLINT
-    std::string url     = ""; // model url to download                                      // NOLINT
-    std::string hf_repo = ""; // HF repo                                                    // NOLINT
-    std::string hf_file = ""; // HF file                                                    // NOLINT
-};
-
 struct common_params_speculative {
    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices; // devices to use for offloading

@ -201,13 +186,19 @@ struct common_params_speculative {
    struct cpu_params cpuparams;
    struct cpu_params cpuparams_batch;

-    struct common_params_model model;
+    std::string hf_repo = ""; // HF repo                                                     // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_file = ""; // HF file                                                     // NOLINT
+
+    std::string model = "";     // draft model for speculative decoding                      // NOLINT
+    std::string model_url = ""; // model url to download                                     // NOLINT
 };

 struct common_params_vocoder {
-    struct common_params_model model;
+    std::string hf_repo = ""; // HF repo                                                     // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_file = ""; // HF file                                                     // NOLINT

-    std::string speaker_file = ""; // speaker file path                                      // NOLINT
+    std::string model     = ""; // model path                                                // NOLINT
+    std::string model_url = ""; // model url to download                                     // NOLINT

    bool use_guide_tokens = false; // enable guide tokens to improve TTS accuracy            // NOLINT
 };
@ -263,12 +254,13 @@ struct common_params {
    struct common_params_speculative speculative;
    struct common_params_vocoder     vocoder;

-    struct common_params_model model;
-
+    std::string model                = ""; // model path                                                    // NOLINT
    std::string model_alias          = ""; // model alias                                                   // NOLINT
+    std::string model_url            = ""; // model url to download                                         // NOLINT
    std::string hf_token             = ""; // HF token                                                      // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_repo              = ""; // HF repo                                                       // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_file              = ""; // HF file                                                       // NOLINT
    std::string prompt               = "";                                                                  // NOLINT
-    std::string system_prompt        = "";                                                                  // NOLINT
    std::string prompt_file          = ""; // store the external prompt file name                           // NOLINT
    std::string path_prompt_cache    = ""; // path to file for saving/loading prompt eval state             // NOLINT
    std::string input_prefix         = ""; // string to prefix user inputs with                             // NOLINT
@ -280,7 +272,6 @@ struct common_params {
    std::vector<std::string> in_files;   // all input files
    std::vector<std::string> antiprompt; // strings upon which more user input is prompted (a.k.a. reverse prompts)
    std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;
-    std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> tensor_buft_overrides;

    bool lora_init_without_apply = false; // only load lora to memory, but do not apply it to ctx (user can manually apply lora later using llama_adapter_lora_apply)
    std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> lora_adapters; // lora adapter path with user defined scale
@ -324,6 +315,7 @@ struct common_params {
    bool ctx_shift         = true;  // context shift on inifinite text generation

    bool input_prefix_bos  = false; // prefix BOS to user inputs, preceding input_prefix
+    bool logits_all        = false; // return logits for all tokens in the batch
    bool use_mmap          = true;  // use mmap for faster loads
    bool use_mlock         = false; // use mlock to keep model in memory
    bool verbose_prompt    = false; // print prompt tokens before generation
@ -332,19 +324,14 @@ struct common_params {
    bool no_kv_offload     = false; // disable KV offloading
    bool warmup            = true;  // warmup run
    bool check_tensors     = false; // validate tensor data
-    bool no_op_offload     = false; // globally disable offload host tensor operations to device
-
-    bool single_turn       = false; // single turn chat conversation

    ggml_type cache_type_k = GGML_TYPE_F16; // KV cache data type for the K
    ggml_type cache_type_v = GGML_TYPE_F16; // KV cache data type for the V

    common_conversation_mode conversation_mode = COMMON_CONVERSATION_MODE_AUTO;

-    // multimodal models (see tools/mtmd)
-    struct common_params_model mmproj;
-    bool mmproj_use_gpu = true;     // use GPU for multimodal model
-    bool no_mmproj = false;         // explicitly disable multimodal model
+    // multimodal models (see examples/llava)
+    std::string mmproj = "";        // path to multimodal projector                                         // NOLINT
    std::vector<std::string> image; // path to image file(s)

    // embedding
@ -404,28 +391,29 @@ struct common_params {
    int32_t i_pos  = -1;  // position of the passkey in the junk text

    // imatrix params
+    std::string out_file = "imatrix.dat"; // save the resulting imatrix to this file
+
    int32_t n_out_freq  = 10; // output the imatrix every n_out_freq iterations
    int32_t n_save_freq =  0; // save the imatrix every n_save_freq iterations
    int32_t i_chunk     =  0; // start processing from this chunk

    bool process_output = false; // collect data for the output tensor
    bool compute_ppl    = true;  // whether to compute perplexity
-    bool parse_special  = false; // whether to parse special tokens during imatrix tokenization

    // cvector-generator params
    int n_pca_batch = 100;
    int n_pca_iterations = 1000;
    dimre_method cvector_dimre_method = DIMRE_METHOD_PCA;
-    std::string cvector_positive_file = "tools/cvector-generator/positive.txt";
-    std::string cvector_negative_file = "tools/cvector-generator/negative.txt";
+    std::string cvector_outfile       = "control_vector.gguf";
+    std::string cvector_positive_file = "examples/cvector-generator/positive.txt";
+    std::string cvector_negative_file = "examples/cvector-generator/negative.txt";

    bool spm_infill = false; // suffix/prefix/middle pattern for infill

+    std::string lora_outfile = "ggml-lora-merged-f16.gguf";
+
    // batched-bench params
    bool batched_bench_output_jsonl = false;
-
-    // common params
-    std::string out_file; // output filename for all example programs
 };

 // call once at the start of a program if it uses libcommon
@ -465,8 +453,6 @@ std::string string_repeat(const std::string & str, size_t n);

 void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace);

-std::string regex_escape(const std::string & s);
-
 template<class T>
 static std::vector<T> string_split(const std::string & str, char delim) {
    static_assert(!std::is_same<T, std::string>::value, "Please use the specialized version for std::string");
@ -544,11 +530,26 @@ struct llama_model_params     common_model_params_to_llama  (      common_params
 struct llama_context_params   common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params & params);
 struct ggml_threadpool_params ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const cpu_params & params);

+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_url(
+    const std::string & model_url,
+    const std::string & local_path,
+    const std::string & hf_token,
+    const struct llama_model_params & params);
+
+struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_hf(
+    const std::string & repo,
+    const std::string & remote_path,
+    const std::string & local_path,
+    const std::string & hf_token,
+    const struct llama_model_params & params);
+
+std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_get_hf_file(
+    const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag,
+    const std::string & hf_token);
+
 // clear LoRA adapters from context, then apply new list of adapters
 void common_set_adapter_lora(struct llama_context * ctx, std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> & lora);

-std::string                   get_model_endpoint();
-
 //
 // Batch utils
 //
@ -666,9 +667,3 @@ const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT         = "split.count";
 const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT = "split.tensors.count";

 }
-
-//
-// training utils
-//
-
-ggml_opt_dataset_t common_opt_dataset_init(struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens, int64_t stride);
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp
@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 static std::string build_repetition(const std::string & item_rule, int min_items, int max_items, const std::string & separator_rule = "") {
    auto has_max = max_items != std::numeric_limits<int>::max();

-    if (max_items == 0) {
-        return "";
-    }
    if (min_items == 0 && max_items == 1) {
        return item_rule + "?";
    }
@ -267,7 +264,7 @@ static void _build_min_max_int(int min_value, int max_value, std::stringstream &
    throw std::runtime_error("At least one of min_value or max_value must be set");
 }

-const std::string SPACE_RULE = "| \" \" | \"\\n\"{1,2} [ \\t]{0,20}";
+const std::string SPACE_RULE = "| \" \" | \"\\n\" [ \\t]{0,20}";

 struct BuiltinRule {
    std::string content;
@ -767,10 +764,11 @@ private:
 public:
    SchemaConverter(
        const std::function<json(const std::string &)> & fetch_json,
-        bool dotall)
+        bool dotall,
+        bool compact_spaces)
          : _fetch_json(fetch_json), _dotall(dotall)
    {
-        _rules["space"] = SPACE_RULE;
+        _rules["space"] = compact_spaces ? "\" \"?" : SPACE_RULE;
    }

    void resolve_refs(json & schema, const std::string & url) {
@ -1009,7 +1007,7 @@ std::string json_schema_to_grammar(const json & schema, bool force_gbnf) {
 }

 std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options) {
-    SchemaConverter converter([&](const std::string &) { return json(); }, options.dotall);
+    SchemaConverter converter([&](const std::string &) { return json(); }, options.dotall, options.compact_spaces);
    common_grammar_builder builder {
        /* .add_rule = */ [&](const std::string & name, const std::string & rule) {
            return converter._add_rule(name, rule);
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct common_grammar_builder {

 struct common_grammar_options {
    bool dotall = false;
+    bool compact_spaces = false;
 };

 std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options = {});
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/common/sampling.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/common/sampling.cpp
@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #include "sampling.h"

 #include "common.h"
-#include "log.h"

 #include <cmath>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <algorithm>

 // the ring buffer works similarly to std::deque, but with a fixed capacity
 // TODO: deduplicate with llama-impl.h
@ -161,57 +159,17 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, co
        GGML_ABORT("llguidance (cmake -DLLAMA_LLGUIDANCE=ON) is not enabled");
 #endif // LLAMA_USE_LLGUIDANCE
    } else {
-        std::vector<std::string> patterns_at_start;
-        std::vector<std::string> patterns_anywhere;
-        std::vector<llama_token> trigger_tokens;
-        for (const auto & trigger : params.grammar_triggers) {
-            switch (trigger.type) {
-                case COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD:
-                {
-                    const auto & word = trigger.value;
-                    patterns_anywhere.push_back(regex_escape(word));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN:
-                case COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START:
-                {
-                    const auto & pattern = trigger.value;
-                    (trigger.type == COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_START ? patterns_at_start : patterns_anywhere).push_back(pattern);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_TOKEN:
-                {
-                    const auto token = trigger.token;
-                    trigger_tokens.push_back(token);
-                    break;
-                }
-                default:
-                    GGML_ASSERT(false && "unknown trigger type");
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::vector<std::string> trigger_patterns;
-        if (!patterns_at_start.empty()) {
-            trigger_patterns.push_back("^(" + string_join(patterns_at_start, "|") + ")[\\s\\S]*");
-        }
-        if (!patterns_anywhere.empty()) {
-            trigger_patterns.push_back("^[\\s\\S]*?(" + string_join(patterns_anywhere, "|") + ")[\\s\\S]*");
-        }
-
-        std::vector<const char *> trigger_patterns_c;
-        trigger_patterns_c.reserve(trigger_patterns.size());
-        for (const auto & regex : trigger_patterns) {
-            trigger_patterns_c.push_back(regex.c_str());
+        std::vector<const char *> trigger_words;
+        trigger_words.reserve(params.grammar_trigger_words.size());
+        for (const auto & str : params.grammar_trigger_words) {
+            trigger_words.push_back(str.word.c_str());
        }

        grmr = params.grammar_lazy
-             ? llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root",
-                                                        trigger_patterns_c.data(), trigger_patterns_c.size(),
-                                                        trigger_tokens.data(), trigger_tokens.size())
+             ? llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root",
+                                               trigger_words.data(), trigger_words.size(),
+                                               params.grammar_trigger_tokens.data(), params.grammar_trigger_tokens.size())
             :      llama_sampler_init_grammar(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root");
-        if (!grmr) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
    }

    auto * result = new common_sampler {
@ -230,48 +188,51 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, co
                params.logit_bias.data()));

    if (params.mirostat == 0) {
-        for (const auto & cnstr : params.samplers) {
-            switch (cnstr) {
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY:
-                    {
-                        std::vector<const char *> c_breakers;
-                        c_breakers.reserve(params.dry_sequence_breakers.size());
-                        for (const auto & str : params.dry_sequence_breakers) {
-                            c_breakers.push_back(str.c_str());
-                        }
+        if (params.top_n_sigma >= 0) {
+            llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_k        (params.top_k));
+            llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_temp         (params.temp));
+            llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_n_sigma  (params.top_n_sigma));
+        } else {
+            for (const auto & cnstr : params.samplers) {
+                switch (cnstr) {
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY:
+                        {
+                            std::vector<const char *> c_breakers;
+                            c_breakers.reserve(params.dry_sequence_breakers.size());
+                            for (const auto & str : params.dry_sequence_breakers) {
+                                c_breakers.push_back(str.c_str());
+                            }

-                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_dry      (vocab, llama_model_n_ctx_train(model), params.dry_multiplier, params.dry_base, params.dry_allowed_length, params.dry_penalty_last_n, c_breakers.data(), c_breakers.size()));
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_k       (params.top_k));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_p       (params.top_p, params.min_keep));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_n_sigma (params.top_n_sigma));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_min_p       (params.min_p, params.min_keep));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_xtc         (params.xtc_probability, params.xtc_threshold, params.min_keep, params.seed));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_typical     (params.typ_p, params.min_keep));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_temp_ext    (params.temp, params.dynatemp_range, params.dynatemp_exponent));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_infill      (vocab));
-                    break;
-                case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES:
-                    llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_penalties   (params.penalty_last_n, params.penalty_repeat, params.penalty_freq, params.penalty_present));
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    GGML_ASSERT(false && "unknown sampler type");
+                            llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_dry      (vocab, llama_model_n_ctx_train(model), params.dry_multiplier, params.dry_base, params.dry_allowed_length, params.dry_penalty_last_n, c_breakers.data(), c_breakers.size()));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_k    (params.top_k));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_top_p    (params.top_p, params.min_keep));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_min_p    (params.min_p, params.min_keep));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_xtc      (params.xtc_probability, params.xtc_threshold, params.min_keep, params.seed));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_typical  (params.typ_p, params.min_keep));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_temp_ext (params.temp, params.dynatemp_range, params.dynatemp_exponent));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_infill   (vocab));
+                        break;
+                    case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_PENALTIES:
+                        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_penalties(params.penalty_last_n, params.penalty_repeat, params.penalty_freq, params.penalty_present));
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        GGML_ASSERT(false && "unknown sampler type");
+                }
            }
        }
        llama_sampler_chain_add(result->chain, llama_sampler_init_dist(params.seed));
@ -473,7 +434,6 @@ char common_sampler_type_to_chr(enum common_sampler_type cnstr) {
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K:       return 'k';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P:   return 'y';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P:       return 'p';
-        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA: return 's';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P:       return 'm';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE: return 't';
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:         return 'x';
@ -489,7 +449,6 @@ std::string common_sampler_type_to_str(enum common_sampler_type cnstr) {
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K:       return "top_k";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P:   return "typ_p";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P:       return "top_p";
-        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA: return "top_n_sigma";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P:       return "min_p";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE: return "temperature";
        case COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC:         return "xtc";
@ -504,7 +463,6 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_names(const std::vect
        { "dry",         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_DRY },
        { "top_k",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K },
        { "top_p",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P },
-        { "top_n_sigma", COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA },
        { "typ_p",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P },
        { "min_p",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P },
        { "temperature", COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE },
@ -518,7 +476,6 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_names(const std::vect
    std::unordered_map<std::string, common_sampler_type> sampler_alt_name_map {
        { "top-k",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K },
        { "top-p",       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P },
-        { "top-n-sigma", COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA },
        { "nucleus",     COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P },
        { "typical-p",   COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P },
        { "typical",     COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P },
@ -535,16 +492,14 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_names(const std::vect
        auto sampler = sampler_canonical_name_map.find(name);
        if (sampler != sampler_canonical_name_map.end()) {
            samplers.push_back(sampler->second);
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (allow_alt_names) {
-            sampler = sampler_alt_name_map.find(name);
-            if (sampler != sampler_alt_name_map.end()) {
-                samplers.push_back(sampler->second);
-                continue;
+        } else {
+            if (allow_alt_names) {
+                sampler = sampler_alt_name_map.find(name);
+                if (sampler != sampler_alt_name_map.end()) {
+                    samplers.push_back(sampler->second);
+                }
            }
        }
-        LOG_WRN("%s: unable to match sampler by name '%s'\n", __func__, name.c_str());
    }

    return samplers;
@ -556,7 +511,6 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_chars(const std::stri
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K),       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P),   COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P),       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P },
-        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA), COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_N_SIGMA },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P),       COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE), COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE },
        { common_sampler_type_to_chr(COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC),         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC },
@ -571,8 +525,6 @@ std::vector<common_sampler_type> common_sampler_types_from_chars(const std::stri
        const auto sampler = sampler_name_map.find(c);
        if (sampler != sampler_name_map.end()) {
            samplers.push_back(sampler->second);
-        } else {
-            LOG_WRN("%s: unable to match sampler by char '%c'\n", __func__, c);
        }
    }

--- a/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.cpp
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/clip.h
@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef CLIP_H
 #define CLIP_H

-#include "ggml.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>

@ -30,28 +29,27 @@ struct clip_image_size {
    int height;
 };

-struct clip_image_f32;
-struct clip_image_u8_batch;
-struct clip_image_f32_batch;
-
-struct clip_context_params {
-    bool use_gpu;
-    enum ggml_log_level verbosity;
+struct clip_image_u8_batch {
+    struct clip_image_u8 * data;
+    size_t size;
 };

-// deprecated, use clip_init
-CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, int verbosity);
+struct clip_image_f32_batch {
+    struct clip_image_f32 * data;
+    size_t size;
+};

-CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_init(const char * fname, struct clip_context_params ctx_params);
+CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load    (const char * fname, int verbosity);
+CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load_cpu(const char * fname, int verbosity);

 CLIP_API void clip_free(struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_w, int img_h);
+CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_h, int img_w);

-CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 // TODO: should be enum, not string
 CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
@ -59,49 +57,24 @@ CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API size_t get_clip_image_grid_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

-GGML_DEPRECATED(CLIP_API int clip_n_patches(const struct clip_ctx * ctx),
-    "use clip_n_output_tokens instead");
-GGML_DEPRECATED(CLIP_API int clip_n_patches_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img),
-    "use clip_n_output_tokens instead");
-
-CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
-
-// for M-RoPE, this will be the number of token positions in X and Y directions
-// for other models, X will be the total number of tokens and Y will be 1
-CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens_x(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
-CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens_y(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
-
-// this should be equal to the embedding dimension of the text model
-CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_patches        (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_patches_by_img (const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API int clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);
 CLIP_API void clip_add_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size);
 CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_get_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);

-CLIP_API struct clip_image_size      * clip_image_size_init(void);
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8        * clip_image_u8_init (void);
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32       * clip_image_f32_init(void);
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32_batch * clip_image_f32_batch_init(void); // only used by libllava
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_image_size_init();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8  * clip_image_u8_init ();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_init();

-// nx, ny are the output image dimensions
-CLIP_API unsigned char * clip_image_u8_get_data(struct clip_image_u8 * img, uint32_t * nx, uint32_t * ny);
-
-CLIP_API void clip_image_size_free (struct clip_image_size * img_size);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_free (struct clip_image_u8  * img);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_free(struct clip_image_f32 * img);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_batch_free (struct clip_image_u8_batch  * batch);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_batch_free(struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch);

-// use for accessing underlay data of clip_image_f32_batch
-CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_n_images(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch); // equivalent to batch->size()
-CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_nx(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->nx
-CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_ny(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->ny
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_get_img(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->data
-
-/**
- * Build image from pixels decoded by other libraries instead of stb_image.h for better performance.
- * The memory layout is RGBRGBRGB..., input buffer length must be 3*nx*ny bytes
- */
+/** build image from pixels decoded by other libraries instead of stb_image.h for better performance. The memory layout is RGBRGBRGB..., input buffer length must be 3*nx*ny bytes */
 CLIP_API void clip_build_img_from_pixels(const unsigned char * rgb_pixels, int nx, int ny, struct clip_image_u8 * img);

 CLIP_API bool clip_image_load_from_file(const char * fname, struct clip_image_u8 * img);
@ -122,8 +95,8 @@ CLIP_API bool clip_model_quantize(const char * fname_inp, const char * fname_out
 CLIP_API int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API bool clip_is_glm(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API bool clip_is_qwen2vl(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API bool clip_is_llava(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API bool clip_is_gemma3(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+
+CLIP_API int get_deepest_feature_layer(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 CLIP_API bool clip_encode_float_image (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, float * img, int h, int w, float * vec);

--- a/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.cpp
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "llava.h"

 #include "llama.h"
-#include "ggml-cpp.h"

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cerrno>
@ -11,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
-#include <memory>

 #if defined(LLAVA_LOG_OFF)
 #   define LOG_INF(...)
@ -47,17 +45,6 @@ struct clip_image_grid_shape {
    int second;
 };

-// convenience cpp wrapper
-struct clip_image_f32_batch_deleter {
-    void operator()(clip_image_f32_batch * val) { clip_image_f32_batch_free(val); }
-};
-typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_f32_batch, clip_image_f32_batch_deleter> clip_image_f32_batch_ptr;
-
-struct clip_image_size_deleter {
-    void operator()(clip_image_f32_batch * val) { clip_image_f32_batch_free(val); }
-};
-typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_size, clip_image_size_deleter> clip_image_size_ptr;
-
 /**
 * Selects the best resolution from a list of possible resolutions based on the original size.
 *
@ -113,13 +100,13 @@ static struct clip_image_grid_shape get_anyres_image_grid_shape(const std::pair<
 }

 // Take the image segments in a grid configuration and return the embeddings and the number of embeddings into preallocated memory (image_embd_out)
-static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *> & image_embd_v, struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape, float * image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out, clip_image_f32 * img_input) {
+static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *> & image_embd_v, struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape, float * image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out) {
    struct {
        struct ggml_context * ctx;
    } model;

-    const int32_t image_size = clip_get_image_size(ctx_clip);
-    const int32_t patch_size = clip_get_patch_size(ctx_clip);
+    const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);
+    const int32_t patch_size = clip_patch_size(ctx_clip);

    int32_t num_patches_per_side = image_size / patch_size; // 336 / 14 = 24 - used for embedding-patching boxes (24*24 = 576 patches)

@ -176,7 +163,7 @@ static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *>

    model.ctx = ggml_init(params);

-    struct ggml_tensor * image_features = ggml_new_tensor_3d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input), num_images - 1); // example: 4096 x 576 x 4
+    struct ggml_tensor * image_features = ggml_new_tensor_3d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), clip_n_patches(ctx_clip), num_images - 1); // example: 4096 x 576 x 4
    // ggml_tensor_printf(image_features,"image_features",__LINE__,false,false);
    // fill it with the image embeddings, ignoring the base
    for (size_t i = 1; i < num_images; i++) {
@ -210,17 +197,13 @@ static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *>
    struct ggml_tensor *flatten = ggml_view_2d(model.ctx, permuted_cont, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), num_patches_height * num_patches_width * num_patches_per_side * num_patches_per_side,  size_ele * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), 0);
    // ggml_tensor_printf(flatten,"flatten",__LINE__,false,false);
    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, flatten);
-
-    ggml_backend_ptr backend { ggml_backend_init_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU, nullptr) };
-    GGML_ASSERT(backend != nullptr && "failed to initialize CPU backend");
-    ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend.get(), gf);
-
+    ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(model.ctx, gf, 1);
    struct ggml_tensor* result = ggml_graph_node(gf, -1);

    memcpy(image_embd_out, image_embd_v[0], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // main image as global context
    // append without newline tokens (default behavior in llava_arch when not using unpad ):
-    memcpy(image_embd_out + clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), (float*)result->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * (num_images-1)); // grid patches
-    *n_img_pos_out = static_cast<int>(result->ne[1]+clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input));
+    memcpy(image_embd_out + clip_n_patches(ctx_clip) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), (float*)result->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * (num_images-1)); // grid patches
+    *n_img_pos_out = static_cast<int>(result->ne[1]+clip_n_patches(ctx_clip));

    // Debug: Test single segments
    // Current findings: sending base image, sending a segment embedding all works similar to python
@ -263,9 +246,12 @@ static clip_image_f32 * reshape_by_patch(clip_image_f32 * image, int patch_size)

 static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const clip_image_u8 * img, float * image_embd, int * n_img_pos) {
    // std::vector<clip_image_f32*> img_res_v; // format VectN x H x W x RGB (N x 336 x 336 x 3), so interleaved RGB - different to the python implementation which is N x 3 x 336 x 336
-    clip_image_f32_batch_ptr img_res_v(clip_image_f32_batch_init());
-    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, img_res_v.get())) {
+    clip_image_f32_batch img_res_v;
+    img_res_v.size = 0;
+    img_res_v.data = nullptr;
+    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, &img_res_v)) {
        LOG_ERR("%s: unable to preprocess image\n", __func__);
+        delete[] img_res_v.data;
        return false;
    }

@ -273,72 +259,66 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli

    const char * mm_patch_merge_type = clip_patch_merge_type(ctx_clip);

-    const size_t n_imgs = clip_image_f32_batch_n_images(img_res_v.get());
-
    if (clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip) || clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
        std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
-        image_embd_v.resize(n_imgs);
-        clip_image_size load_image_size;
+        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
+        struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();

-        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_imgs; i++) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
            const int64_t t_img_enc_step_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-            int nx = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), i);
-            int ny = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), i);
-            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, nx, ny));
-            int patch_size = 14;
-            load_image_size.width = nx;
-            load_image_size.height = ny;
-            clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, &load_image_size);
+            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
+            int patch_size=14;
+            load_image_size->width = img_res_v.data[i].nx;
+            load_image_size->height = img_res_v.data[i].ny;
+            clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);

            bool encoded = false;
-            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
            if (clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
-                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd_v[i]);
+                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
            }
            else {
-                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, reshape_by_patch(img_res, patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
+                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
            }

            if (!encoded) {
-                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) n_imgs);
+                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
                return false;
            }
            const int64_t t_img_enc_steop_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-            LOG_INF("%s: step %d of %d encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)i+1, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_steop_batch_us - t_img_enc_step_start_us) / 1000.0);
+            LOG_INF("%s: step %d of %d encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)i+1, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_steop_batch_us - t_img_enc_step_start_us) / 1000.0);
        }
        const int64_t t_img_enc_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-        LOG_INF("%s: all %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
+        LOG_INF("%s: all %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);

        int n_img_pos_out = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
-            int nx = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), i);
-            int ny = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), i);
-            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
            std::memcpy(
                image_embd + n_img_pos_out * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip),
                image_embd_v[i],
-                clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, nx, ny));
-            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_res);
+                clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
+            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx_clip, &img_res_v.data[i]);
        }
        *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
            free(image_embd_v[i]);
        }
        image_embd_v.clear();
-        load_image_size.width = img->nx;
-        load_image_size.height = img->ny;
-        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, &load_image_size);
-        LOG_INF("%s: load_image_size %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size.width, load_image_size.height);
+        load_image_size->width = img->nx;
+        load_image_size->height = img->ny;
+        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
+        LOG_INF("%s: load_image_size %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size->width, load_image_size->height);
+        delete[] img_res_v.data;
+        img_res_v.size = 0;
+        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
    }
    else if (clip_is_glm(ctx_clip)){
        struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();
-        load_image_size->width  = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), 0);
-        load_image_size->height = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), 0);
+        load_image_size->width = img_res_v.data[0].nx;
+        load_image_size->height = img_res_v.data[0].ny;
        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);

-        clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
-        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd);
-        int pos = int(load_image_size->width/clip_get_patch_size(ctx_clip)/2);
+        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[0], image_embd);
+        int pos = int(load_image_size->width/clip_patch_size(ctx_clip)/2);
        *n_img_pos = (pos * pos + 2);
        if (!encoded){
            LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image \n");
@ -347,9 +327,9 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
    }
    else if (strcmp(mm_patch_merge_type, "spatial_unpad") != 0) {
        // flat / default llava-1.5 type embedding
-        clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
-        *n_img_pos = clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_res);
-        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd); // image_embd shape is 576 x 4096
+        *n_img_pos = clip_n_patches(ctx_clip);
+        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[0], image_embd); // image_embd shape is 576 x 4096
+        delete[] img_res_v.data;
        if (!encoded) {
            LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image\n");

@ -360,18 +340,17 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
        // spatial_unpad llava-1.6 type embedding
        // TODO: CLIP needs batching support - in HF the llm projection is separate after encoding, which might be a solution to quickly get batching working
        std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
-        image_embd_v.resize(n_imgs);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_imgs; i++) {
-            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
+        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // 576 patches * 4096 embeddings * 4 bytes = 9437184
-            const bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd_v[i]); // image data is in 3x336x336 format and will be converted to 336x336x3 inside
+            const bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]); // image data is in 3x336x336 format and will be converted to 336x336x3 inside
            if (!encoded) {
-                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) n_imgs);
+                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
                return false;
            }
        }
        const int64_t t_img_enc_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-        LOG_INF("%s: %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
+        LOG_INF("%s: %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);

        const int32_t * image_grid = clip_image_grid(ctx_clip);
        const size_t num_gridpoints = get_clip_image_grid_size(ctx_clip);
@ -381,13 +360,17 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
            grid_pinpoints.push_back({image_grid[i], image_grid[i+1]});
        }

-        const int32_t image_size = clip_get_image_size(ctx_clip);
+        // free all img_res_v - not needed anymore
+        delete[] img_res_v.data;
+        img_res_v.size = 0;
+        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
+
+        const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);

        struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape = get_anyres_image_grid_shape({img->nx,img->ny}, grid_pinpoints, image_size);

        int n_img_pos_out;
-        clip_image_f32 * img_input = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
-        clip_llava_handle_patches(ctx_clip, image_embd_v, grid_shape, image_embd, &n_img_pos_out, img_input);
+        clip_llava_handle_patches(ctx_clip, image_embd_v, grid_shape, image_embd, &n_img_pos_out);
        *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
@ -462,7 +445,7 @@ struct llava_embd_batch {
    std::vector<llama_seq_id *> seq_ids;
    std::vector<int8_t>         logits;
    llama_batch batch;
-    llava_embd_batch(float * embd, int32_t n_tokens, llama_pos pos_0, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    llava_embd_batch(float * embd, int32_t n_embd, int32_t n_tokens, llama_pos pos_0, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
        pos     .resize(n_tokens);
        n_seq_id.resize(n_tokens);
        seq_ids .resize(n_tokens + 1);
@ -474,6 +457,7 @@ struct llava_embd_batch {
            /*n_tokens       =*/ n_tokens,
            /*tokens         =*/ nullptr,
            /*embd           =*/ embd,
+            /*n_embd         =*/ n_embd,
            /*pos            =*/ pos.data(),
            /*n_seq_id       =*/ n_seq_id.data(),
            /*seq_id         =*/ seq_ids.data(),
@ -497,7 +481,7 @@ bool llava_eval_image_embed(llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct llava_image_
            n_eval = n_batch;
        }
        float * embd = image_embed->embed+i*n_embd;
-        llava_embd_batch llava_batch = llava_embd_batch(embd, n_eval, *n_past, 0);
+        llava_embd_batch llava_batch = llava_embd_batch(embd, n_embd, n_eval, *n_past, 0);
        if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, llava_batch.batch)) {
            LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
            return false;
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.go
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package mtmd
+package llava

 // #cgo CXXFLAGS: -std=c++11
 // #cgo CPPFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/../../include -I${SRCDIR}/../../common
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/examples/llava/llava.h
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/include/llama.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/include/llama.h
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-cpu.h"
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
-#include "ggml-opt.h"

 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ extern "C" {
    struct llama_model;
    struct llama_context;
    struct llama_sampler;
-    struct llama_kv_cache;

    typedef int32_t llama_pos;
    typedef int32_t llama_token;
@ -108,12 +106,6 @@ extern "C" {
        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_MINERVA        = 27,
        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEEPSEEK3_LLM  = 28,
        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_GPT4O          = 29,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SUPERBPE       = 30,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_TRILLION       = 31,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_BAILINGMOE     = 32,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_LLAMA4         = 33,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_PIXTRAL        = 34,
-        LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SEED_CODER     = 35,
    };

    enum llama_rope_type {
@ -258,6 +250,7 @@ extern "C" {

        llama_token  *  token;
        float        *  embd;
+        int32_t         n_embd;
        llama_pos    *  pos;
        int32_t      *  n_seq_id;
        llama_seq_id ** seq_id;
@ -284,18 +277,10 @@ extern "C" {
        };
    };

-    struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override {
-        const char * pattern;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft;
-    };
-
    struct llama_model_params {
        // NULL-terminated list of devices to use for offloading (if NULL, all available devices are used)
        ggml_backend_dev_t * devices;

-        // NULL-terminated list of buffer types to use for tensors that match a pattern
-        const struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides;
-
        int32_t n_gpu_layers; // number of layers to store in VRAM
        enum llama_split_mode split_mode; // how to split the model across multiple GPUs

@ -353,34 +338,35 @@ extern "C" {
        enum ggml_type type_k; // data type for K cache [EXPERIMENTAL]
        enum ggml_type type_v; // data type for V cache [EXPERIMENTAL]

+        // Keep the booleans together and at the end of the struct to avoid misalignment during copy-by-value.
+        // TODO: move at the end of the struct
+        bool logits_all;  // the llama_decode() call computes all logits, not just the last one (DEPRECATED - set llama_batch.logits instead)
+        bool embeddings;  // if true, extract embeddings (together with logits)
+        bool offload_kqv; // whether to offload the KQV ops (including the KV cache) to GPU
+        bool flash_attn;  // whether to use flash attention [EXPERIMENTAL]
+        bool no_perf;     // whether to measure performance timings
+        bool cross_attn;  // whether to use cross attention
+
        // Abort callback
        // if it returns true, execution of llama_decode() will be aborted
        // currently works only with CPU execution
        ggml_abort_callback abort_callback;
        void *              abort_callback_data;
-
-        // Keep the booleans together and at the end of the struct to avoid misalignment during copy-by-value.
-        bool embeddings;  // if true, extract embeddings (together with logits)
-        bool offload_kqv; // whether to offload the KQV ops (including the KV cache) to GPU
-        bool flash_attn;  // whether to use flash attention [EXPERIMENTAL]
-        bool no_perf;     // whether to measure performance timings
-        bool op_offload;  // whether to offload host tensor operations to device
    };

    // model quantization parameters
    typedef struct llama_model_quantize_params {
-        int32_t nthread;                      // number of threads to use for quantizing, if <=0 will use std::thread::hardware_concurrency()
-        enum llama_ftype ftype;               // quantize to this llama_ftype
-        enum ggml_type output_tensor_type;    // output tensor type
-        enum ggml_type token_embedding_type;  // token embeddings tensor type
-        bool allow_requantize;                // allow quantizing non-f32/f16 tensors
-        bool quantize_output_tensor;          // quantize output.weight
-        bool only_copy;                       // only copy tensors - ftype, allow_requantize and quantize_output_tensor are ignored
-        bool pure;                            // quantize all tensors to the default type
-        bool keep_split;                      // quantize to the same number of shards
-        void * imatrix;                       // pointer to importance matrix data
-        void * kv_overrides;                  // pointer to vector containing overrides
-        void * tensor_types;                  // pointer to vector containing tensor types
+        int32_t nthread;                     // number of threads to use for quantizing, if <=0 will use std::thread::hardware_concurrency()
+        enum llama_ftype ftype;              // quantize to this llama_ftype
+        enum ggml_type output_tensor_type;   // output tensor type
+        enum ggml_type token_embedding_type; // token embeddings tensor type
+        bool allow_requantize;               // allow quantizing non-f32/f16 tensors
+        bool quantize_output_tensor;         // quantize output.weight
+        bool only_copy;                      // only copy tensors - ftype, allow_requantize and quantize_output_tensor are ignored
+        bool pure;                           // quantize all tensors to the default type
+        bool keep_split;                     // quantize to the same number of shards
+        void * imatrix;                      // pointer to importance matrix data
+        void * kv_overrides;                 // pointer to vector containing overrides
    } llama_model_quantize_params;

    typedef struct llama_logit_bias {
@ -446,10 +432,6 @@ extern "C" {
                                 size_t    n_paths,
              struct llama_model_params    params);

-    LLAMA_API void llama_model_save_to_file(
-            const struct llama_model * model,
-                        const char * path_model);
-
    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_free_model(struct llama_model * model),
            "use llama_model_free instead");

@ -464,6 +446,10 @@ extern "C" {
            struct llama_context_params   params),
            "use llama_init_from_model instead");

+    // TODO (jmorganca): this should most likely be passed in as part of a batch
+    // and not set on the context for all batches.
+    LLAMA_API void llama_set_cross_attention(struct llama_context * ctx, bool cross_attn_state);
+
    // Frees all allocated memory
    LLAMA_API void llama_free(struct llama_context * ctx);

@ -489,8 +475,7 @@ extern "C" {
    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API int32_t llama_n_vocab    (const struct llama_vocab * vocab), "use llama_vocab_n_tokens instead");

    LLAMA_API const struct llama_model * llama_get_model   (const struct llama_context * ctx);
-    LLAMA_API    struct llama_kv_cache * llama_get_kv_self (      struct llama_context * ctx);
-    LLAMA_API  enum llama_pooling_type   llama_pooling_type(const struct llama_context * ctx); // TODO: rename to llama_get_pooling_type
+    LLAMA_API enum llama_pooling_type    llama_pooling_type(const struct llama_context * ctx);

    LLAMA_API const struct llama_vocab * llama_model_get_vocab(const struct llama_model * model);
    LLAMA_API enum llama_rope_type       llama_model_rope_type(const struct llama_model * model);
@ -607,7 +592,7 @@ extern "C" {
    // KV cache
    //

-    // TODO: start using struct llama_kv_cache
+    // TODO: remove llama_kv_cache_view_* API

    // Information associated with an individual cell in the KV cache view.
    struct llama_kv_cache_view_cell {
@ -662,19 +647,13 @@ extern "C" {

    // Returns the number of tokens in the KV cache (slow, use only for debug)
    // If a KV cell has multiple sequences assigned to it, it will be counted multiple times
-    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_kv_self_n_tokens(const struct llama_context * ctx);
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_token_count(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_n_tokens instead");
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_token_count(const struct llama_context * ctx);

    // Returns the number of used KV cells (i.e. have at least one sequence assigned to them)
-    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_kv_self_used_cells(const struct llama_context * ctx);
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_used_cells instead");
+    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(const struct llama_context * ctx);

    // Clear the KV cache - both cell info is erased and KV data is zeroed
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_clear(
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_clear(
            struct llama_context * ctx);

    // Removes all tokens that belong to the specified sequence and have positions in [p0, p1)
@ -682,7 +661,7 @@ extern "C" {
    // seq_id < 0 : match any sequence
    // p0 < 0     : [0,  p1]
    // p1 < 0     : [p0, inf)
-    LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_self_seq_rm(
+    LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
                       llama_pos   p0,
@ -692,7 +671,7 @@ extern "C" {
    // Note that this does not allocate extra KV cache memory - it simply assigns the tokens to the new sequence
    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_cp(
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_cp(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_src,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_dst,
@ -700,17 +679,17 @@ extern "C" {
                       llama_pos   p1);

    // Removes all tokens that do not belong to the specified sequence
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_keep(
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_keep(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id);

    // Adds relative position "delta" to all tokens that belong to the specified sequence and have positions in [p0, p1)
    // If the KV cache is RoPEd, the KV data is updated accordingly:
    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_self_update()
+    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_cache_update()
    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_add(
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_add(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
                       llama_pos   p0,
@ -720,10 +699,10 @@ extern "C" {
    // Integer division of the positions by factor of `d > 1`
    // If the KV cache is RoPEd, the KV data is updated accordingly:
    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_self_update()
+    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_cache_update()
    // p0 < 0 : [0,  p1]
    // p1 < 0 : [p0, inf)
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_seq_div(
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_div(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
                       llama_pos   p0,
@ -731,76 +710,24 @@ extern "C" {
                             int   d);

    // Returns the largest position present in the KV cache for the specified sequence
-    LLAMA_API llama_pos llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max(
+    LLAMA_API llama_pos llama_kv_cache_seq_pos_max(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                     llama_seq_id   seq_id);
+                    llama_seq_id   seq_id);
+
+    // TODO: the llama_kv_cache_defrag and llama_kv_cache_update API tightly couples llama_context with llama_kv_cache
+    //       how to avoid this?

    // Defragment the KV cache
    // This will be applied:
    //   - lazily on next llama_decode()
-    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_self_update()
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_defrag(struct llama_context * ctx);
-
-    // Check if the context supports KV cache shifting
-    LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_self_can_shift(const struct llama_context * ctx);
+    //   - explicitly with llama_kv_cache_update()
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_defrag(struct llama_context * ctx);

    // Apply the KV cache updates (such as K-shifts, defragmentation, etc.)
-    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_self_update(struct llama_context * ctx);
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_clear(
-            struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_clear instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_rm instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_cp(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_src,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id_dst,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_cp instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_keep(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_keep instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_add(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1,
-                       llama_pos   delta),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_add instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_seq_div(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-                       llama_pos   p0,
-                       llama_pos   p1,
-                             int   d),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_div instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API llama_pos llama_kv_cache_seq_pos_max(
-            struct llama_context * ctx,
-                    llama_seq_id   seq_id),
-            "use llama_kv_self_seq_pos_max instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_defrag(struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_defrag instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_cache_can_shift(const struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_can_shift instead");
-
-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_update(struct llama_context * ctx),
-            "use llama_kv_self_update instead");
+    LLAMA_API void llama_kv_cache_update(struct llama_context * ctx);

+    // Check if the context supports KV cache shifting
+    LLAMA_API bool llama_kv_cache_can_shift(struct llama_context * ctx);

    //
    // State / sessions
@ -929,19 +856,14 @@ extern "C" {
    // Frees a batch of tokens allocated with llama_batch_init()
    LLAMA_API void llama_batch_free(struct llama_batch batch);

-    // Process a batch of tokens.
-    // In contrast to llama_decode() - this call does not use KV cache.
-    // For encode-decoder contexts, processes the batch using the encoder.
-    // Can store the encoder output internally for later use by the decoder's cross-attention layers.
+    // Processes a batch of tokens with the ecoder part of the encoder-decoder model.
+    // Stores the encoder output internally for later use by the decoder cross-attention layers.
    //   0 - success
    // < 0 - error. the KV cache state is restored to the state before this call
    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_encode(
            struct llama_context * ctx,
              struct llama_batch   batch);

-    // Process a batch of tokens.
-    // Requires KV cache.
-    // For encode-decoder contexts, processes the batch using the decoder.
    // Positive return values does not mean a fatal error, but rather a warning.
    //   0 - success
    //   1 - could not find a KV slot for the batch (try reducing the size of the batch or increase the context)
@ -969,10 +891,6 @@ extern "C" {
    // If set to true, the model will only attend to the past tokens
    LLAMA_API void llama_set_causal_attn(struct llama_context * ctx, bool causal_attn);

-    // Set whether the model is in warmup mode or not
-    // If true, all model tensors are activated during llama_decode() to load and cache their weights.
-    LLAMA_API void llama_set_warmup(struct llama_context * ctx, bool warmup);
-
    // Set abort callback
    LLAMA_API void llama_set_abort_callback(struct llama_context * ctx, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * abort_callback_data);

@ -1242,7 +1160,6 @@ extern "C" {
        "will be removed in the future (see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9896#discussion_r1800920915)");

    /// @details Top-K sampling described in academic paper "The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration" https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751
-    /// Setting k <= 0 makes this a noop
    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_top_k      (int32_t k);

    /// @details Nucleus sampling described in academic paper "The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration" https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751
@ -1289,38 +1206,22 @@ extern "C" {
                               float   tau,
                               float   eta);

-    /// @details Intializes a GBNF grammar, see grammars/README.md for details.
-    /// @param vocab The vocabulary that this grammar will be used with.
-    /// @param grammar_str The production rules for the grammar, encoded as a string. Returns an empty grammar if empty. Returns NULL if parsing of grammar_str fails.
-    /// @param grammar_root The name of the start symbol for the grammar.
    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(
            const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
                          const char * grammar_str,
                          const char * grammar_root);

-    DEPRECATED(LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(
+    /// @details Lazy grammar sampler, introduced in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9639
+    /// @param trigger_words A list of words that will trigger the grammar sampler. This may be updated to a loose regex syntax (w/ ^) in a near future.
+    /// @param trigger_tokens A list of tokens that will trigger the grammar sampler.
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(
            const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
                          const char * grammar_str,
                          const char * grammar_root,
                         const char ** trigger_words,
                                size_t num_trigger_words,
                   const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
-                                size_t num_trigger_tokens),
-        "use llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns instead");
-
-
-    /// @details Lazy grammar sampler, introduced in https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9639
-    /// @param trigger_patterns A list of patterns that will trigger the grammar sampler. Pattern will be matched from the start of the generation output, and grammar sampler will be fed content starting from its first match group.
-    /// @param trigger_tokens A list of tokens that will trigger the grammar sampler. Grammar sampler will be fed content starting from the trigger token included.
-    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns(
-        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
-                      const char * grammar_str,
-                      const char * grammar_root,
-                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
-                            size_t num_trigger_patterns,
-               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
-                            size_t num_trigger_tokens);
-
+                                size_t num_trigger_tokens);

    /// NOTE: Avoid using on the full vocabulary as searching for repeated tokens can become slow. For example, apply top-k or top-p sampling first.
    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_penalties(
@ -1438,37 +1339,6 @@ extern "C" {
    LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_print(const struct llama_sampler * chain);
    LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_reset(      struct llama_sampler * chain);

-    //
-    // training
-    //
-
-    // function that returns whether or not a given tensor contains trainable parameters
-    typedef bool (*llama_opt_param_filter)(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * userdata);
-
-    // always returns true
-    LLAMA_API bool llama_opt_param_filter_all(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * userdata);
-
-    struct llama_opt_params {
-        uint32_t n_ctx_train; // assumed context size post training, use context size specified in llama_context if 0
-
-        llama_opt_param_filter param_filter; // callback for determining which tensors contain trainable parameters
-        void * param_filter_ud;              // userdata for determining which tensors contain trainable parameters
-
-        ggml_opt_get_optimizer_params get_opt_pars; // callback for calculating optimizer parameters
-        void * get_opt_pars_ud;                     // userdata for calculating optimizer parameters
-    };
-
-    LLAMA_API void llama_opt_init(struct llama_context * lctx, struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params lopt_params);
-
-    LLAMA_API void llama_opt_epoch(
-            struct llama_context    * lctx,
-            ggml_opt_dataset_t        dataset,
-            ggml_opt_result_t         result_train,
-            ggml_opt_result_t         result_eval,
-            int64_t                   idata_split,
-            ggml_opt_epoch_callback   callback_train,
-            ggml_opt_epoch_callback   callback_eval);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-adapter.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-adapter.cpp
@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 #include "llama-mmap.h"
 #include "llama-model.h"

+#include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <stdexcept>

 // vec

-ggml_tensor * llama_adapter_cvec::tensor_for(int il) const {
+struct ggml_tensor * llama_adapter_cvec::tensor_for(int il) const {
    if (il < 0 || il < layer_start || il > layer_end || (size_t) il >= tensors.size()) {
        return nullptr;
    }
@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ ggml_tensor * llama_adapter_cvec::tensor_for(int il) const {
    return tensors[il];
 }

-ggml_tensor * llama_adapter_cvec::apply_to(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * cur, int  il) const {
+struct ggml_tensor * llama_adapter_cvec::apply_to(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * cur, int  il) const {
    ggml_tensor * layer_dir = tensor_for(il);
    if (layer_dir != nullptr) {
        cur = ggml_add(ctx, cur, layer_dir);
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ bool llama_adapter_cvec::init(const llama_model & model) {
    auto ctx_for_buft = [&](ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) -> ggml_context * {
        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
-            ggml_init_params params = {
+            struct ggml_init_params params = {
                /*.mem_size   =*/ hparams.n_layer*ggml_tensor_overhead(),
                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ bool llama_adapter_cvec::init(const llama_model & model) {
    return true;
 }

-bool llama_adapter_cvec::apply(
+int32_t llama_adapter_cvec::apply(
        const llama_model & model,
        const float * data,
        size_t len,
@ -103,17 +104,17 @@ bool llama_adapter_cvec::apply(
        // disable the current control vector (but leave allocated for later)
        layer_start = -1;
        layer_end   = -1;
-        return true;
+        return 0;
    }

    if (n_embd != (int) hparams.n_embd) {
        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: control vector n_embd does not match model\n", __func__);
-        return false;
+        return 1;
    }

    if (tensors.empty()) {
        if (!init(model)) {
-            return false;
+            return 1;
        }
    }

@ -129,12 +130,12 @@ bool llama_adapter_cvec::apply(
        }
    }

-    return true;
+    return 0;
 }

 // lora

-llama_adapter_lora_weight * llama_adapter_lora::get_weight(ggml_tensor * w) {
+llama_adapter_lora_weight * llama_adapter_lora::get_weight(struct ggml_tensor * w) {
    const std::string name(w->name);

    const auto pos = ab_map.find(name);
@ -145,11 +146,11 @@ llama_adapter_lora_weight * llama_adapter_lora::get_weight(ggml_tensor * w) {
    return nullptr;
 }

-static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_lora, llama_adapter_lora & adapter) {
+static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(struct llama_model & model, const char * path_lora, struct llama_adapter_lora & adapter) {
    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading lora adapter from '%s' ...\n", __func__, path_lora);

    ggml_context * ctx_init;
-    gguf_init_params meta_gguf_params = {
+    struct gguf_init_params meta_gguf_params = {
        /* .no_alloc = */ true,
        /* .ctx      = */ &ctx_init,
    };
@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
        auto it = ctx_map.find(buft);
        if (it == ctx_map.end()) {
            // add a new context
-            ggml_init_params params = {
+            struct ggml_init_params params = {
                /*.mem_size   =*/ n_tensors*ggml_tensor_overhead(),
                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
@ -247,29 +248,6 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
        }
    }

-    // get extra buffer types of the CPU
-    // TODO: a more general solution for non-CPU extra buft should be imlpemented in the future
-    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12593#pullrequestreview-2718659948
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> buft_extra;
-    {
-        auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-        if (!cpu_dev) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
-        }
-        auto * cpu_reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(cpu_dev);
-
-        auto ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn = (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_t)
-            ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(cpu_reg, "ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts");
-
-        if (ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn) {
-            ggml_backend_buffer_type_t * extra_bufts = ggml_backend_dev_get_extra_bufts_fn(cpu_dev);
-            while (extra_bufts && *extra_bufts) {
-                buft_extra.emplace_back(*extra_bufts);
-                ++extra_bufts;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
    // add tensors
    for (auto & it : ab_map) {
        const std::string & name = it.first;
@ -286,26 +264,7 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
            throw std::runtime_error("LoRA tensor '" + name + "' does not exist in base model (hint: maybe wrong base model?)");
        }

-        auto * buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(model_tensor->buffer);
-
-        // do not load loras to extra buffer types (i.e. bufts for repacking) -> use the CPU in that case
-        for (auto & ex : buft_extra) {
-            if (ex == buft) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: lora for '%s' cannot use buft '%s', fallback to CPU\n", __func__, model_tensor->name, ggml_backend_buft_name(buft));
-
-                auto * cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
-                if (!cpu_dev) {
-                    throw std::runtime_error(format("%s: no CPU backend found", __func__));
-                }
-                buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(cpu_dev);
-
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("%s: lora for '%s' -> '%s'\n", __func__, model_tensor->name, ggml_backend_buft_name(buft));
-
-        ggml_context * dev_ctx = ctx_for_buft(buft);
+        struct ggml_context * dev_ctx = ctx_for_buft(ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(model_tensor->buffer));
        // validate tensor shape
        if (is_token_embd) {
            // expect B to be non-transposed, A and B are flipped; see llm_build_inp_embd()
@ -322,8 +281,8 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
        }

        // save tensor to adapter
-        ggml_tensor * tensor_a = ggml_dup_tensor(dev_ctx, w.a);
-        ggml_tensor * tensor_b = ggml_dup_tensor(dev_ctx, w.b);
+        struct ggml_tensor * tensor_a = ggml_dup_tensor(dev_ctx, w.a);
+        struct ggml_tensor * tensor_b = ggml_dup_tensor(dev_ctx, w.b);
        ggml_set_name(tensor_a, w.a->name);
        ggml_set_name(tensor_b, w.b->name);
        adapter.ab_map[name] = llama_adapter_lora_weight(tensor_a, tensor_b);
@ -349,7 +308,7 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
    {
        llama_file gguf_file(path_lora, "rb");
        std::vector<uint8_t> read_buf;
-        auto set_tensor = [&](ggml_tensor * orig, ggml_tensor * dev) {
+        auto set_tensor = [&](struct ggml_tensor * orig, struct ggml_tensor * dev) {
            size_t offs = gguf_get_data_offset(ctx_gguf.get()) + gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx_gguf.get(), gguf_find_tensor(ctx_gguf.get(), orig->name));
            size_t size = ggml_nbytes(orig);
            read_buf.resize(size);
@ -368,8 +327,8 @@ static void llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(llama_model & model, const char * path_
    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loaded %zu tensors from lora file\n", __func__, adapter.ab_map.size()*2);
 }

-llama_adapter_lora * llama_adapter_lora_init(llama_model * model, const char * path_lora) {
-    llama_adapter_lora * adapter = new llama_adapter_lora();
+struct llama_adapter_lora * llama_adapter_lora_init(struct llama_model * model, const char * path_lora) {
+    struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter = new llama_adapter_lora();

    try {
        llama_adapter_lora_init_impl(*model, path_lora, *adapter);
@ -383,6 +342,6 @@ llama_adapter_lora * llama_adapter_lora_init(llama_model * model, const char * p
    return nullptr;
 }

-void llama_adapter_lora_free(llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
+void llama_adapter_lora_free(struct llama_adapter_lora * adapter) {
    delete adapter;
 }
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-adapter.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-adapter.h
@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 //

 struct llama_adapter_cvec {
-    ggml_tensor * tensor_for(int il) const;
+    struct ggml_tensor * tensor_for(int il) const;

-    ggml_tensor * apply_to(ggml_context * ctx, ggml_tensor * cur, int  il) const;
+    struct ggml_tensor * apply_to(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * cur, int  il) const;

-    bool apply(
+    int32_t apply(
            const llama_model & model,
            const float * data,
            size_t len,
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ private:
    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr> ctxs;
    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;

-    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> tensors; // per layer
+    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor *> tensors; // per layer
 };

 //
@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ private:
 //

 struct llama_adapter_lora_weight {
-    ggml_tensor * a = nullptr;
-    ggml_tensor * b = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * a = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor * b = nullptr;

    // get actual scale based on rank and alpha
    float get_scale(float alpha, float adapter_scale) const {
@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ struct llama_adapter_lora_weight {
    }

    llama_adapter_lora_weight() = default;
-    llama_adapter_lora_weight(ggml_tensor * a, ggml_tensor * b) : a(a), b(b) {}
+    llama_adapter_lora_weight(struct ggml_tensor * a, struct ggml_tensor * b) : a(a), b(b) {}
 };

 struct llama_adapter_lora {
    // map tensor name to lora_a_b
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_adapter_lora_weight> ab_map;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct llama_adapter_lora_weight> ab_map;

    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr> ctxs;
    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
@ -70,7 +70,5 @@ struct llama_adapter_lora {
    llama_adapter_lora() = default;
    ~llama_adapter_lora() = default;

-    llama_adapter_lora_weight * get_weight(ggml_tensor * w);
+    llama_adapter_lora_weight * get_weight(struct ggml_tensor * w);
 };
-
-using llama_adapter_loras = std::unordered_map<llama_adapter_lora *, float>;
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-arch.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-arch.cpp
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

 static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_LLAMA,            "llama"            },
-    { LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,           "llama4"           },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MLLAMA,           "mllama"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_DECI,             "deci"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_FALCON,           "falcon"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_GROK,             "grok"             },
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_REFACT,           "refact"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_BERT,             "bert"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT,       "nomic-bert"       },
-    { LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,   "nomic-bert-moe"   },
    { LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,     "jina-bert-v2"     },
    { LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,            "bloom"            },
    { LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,         "stablelm"         },
@ -27,8 +26,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN2,            "qwen2"            },
    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE,         "qwen2moe"         },
    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL,          "qwen2vl"          },
-    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,            "qwen3"            },
-    { LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,         "qwen3moe"         },
    { LLM_ARCH_PHI2,             "phi2"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_PHI3,             "phi3"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE,           "phimoe"           },
@ -55,7 +52,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK,         "deepseek"         },
    { LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2,        "deepseek2"        },
    { LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,          "chatglm"          },
-    { LLM_ARCH_GLM4,             "glm4"             },
    { LLM_ARCH_BITNET,           "bitnet"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_T5,               "t5"               },
    { LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER,        "t5encoder"        },
@ -64,15 +60,12 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, const char *> LLM_ARCH_NAMES = {
    { LLM_ARCH_EXAONE,           "exaone"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_RWKV6,            "rwkv6"            },
    { LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2,       "rwkv6qwen2"       },
-    { LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,            "rwkv7"            },
-    { LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,           "arwkv7"           },
    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,          "granite"          },
    { LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,      "granitemoe"       },
    { LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,        "chameleon"        },
    { LLM_ARCH_SOLAR,            "solar"            },
    { LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC, "wavtokenizer-dec" },
-    { LLM_ARCH_PLM,              "plm"              },
-    { LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,       "bailingmoe"       },
+    { LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3,         "mistral3"         },
    { LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,          "(unknown)"        },
 };

@ -81,7 +74,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,         "general.architecture"                  },
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION, "general.quantization_version"          },
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,            "general.alignment"                     },
-    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_FILE_TYPE,            "general.file_type"                     },
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,                 "general.name"                          },
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,               "general.author"                        },
    { LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,              "general.version"                       },
@ -108,7 +100,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,              "%s.expert_weights_scale"              },
    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,               "%s.expert_weights_norm"               },
    { LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,                "%s.expert_gating_func"                },
-    { LLM_KV_MOE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,                "%s.moe_every_n_layers"                },
    { LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,                      "%s.pooling_type"                      },
    { LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,                       "%s.logit_scale"                       },
    { LLM_KV_DECODER_START_TOKEN_ID,            "%s.decoder_start_token_id"            },
@ -121,31 +112,25 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
    { LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,                    "%s.residual_scale"                    },
    { LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,                   "%s.embedding_scale"                   },
    { LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,                 "%s.token_shift_count"                 },
-    { LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,         "%s.interleave_moe_layer_step"         },

-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT,                   "%s.attention.head_count"                   },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,                "%s.attention.head_count_kv"                },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS,               "%s.attention.max_alibi_bias"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CLAMP_KQV,                    "%s.attention.clamp_kqv"                    },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH,                   "%s.attention.key_length"                   },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH,                 "%s.attention.value_length"                 },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,                "%s.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"           },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,            "%s.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon"       },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_EPS,                "%s.attention.group_norm_epsilon"           },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_GROUPS,             "%s.attention.group_norm_groups"            },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,                       "%s.attention.causal"                       },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_Q_LORA_RANK,                  "%s.attention.q_lora_rank"                  },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,                 "%s.attention.kv_lora_rank"                 },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_DECAY_LORA_RANK,              "%s.attention.decay_lora_rank"              },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_ICLR_LORA_RANK,               "%s.attention.iclr_lora_rank"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_RESIDUAL_MIX_LORA_RANK, "%s.attention.value_residual_mix_lora_rank" },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GATE_LORA_RANK,               "%s.attention.gate_lora_rank"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_RELATIVE_BUCKETS_COUNT,       "%s.attention.relative_buckets_count"       },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,               "%s.attention.sliding_window"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,                        "%s.attention.scale"                        },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_BLOCK_SKIP_CONNECTION,        "%s.attention.block_skip_connection"        },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,               "%s.attention.key_length_mla"               },
-    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA,             "%s.attention.value_length_mla"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT,             "%s.attention.head_count"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,          "%s.attention.head_count_kv"          },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_MAX_ALIBI_BIAS,         "%s.attention.max_alibi_bias"         },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CLAMP_KQV,              "%s.attention.clamp_kqv"              },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH,             "%s.attention.key_length"             },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH,           "%s.attention.value_length"           },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS,          "%s.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_RMS_EPS,      "%s.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon" },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_EPS,          "%s.attention.group_norm_epsilon"     },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GROUPNORM_GROUPS,       "%s.attention.group_norm_groups"      },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,                 "%s.attention.causal"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_Q_LORA_RANK,            "%s.attention.q_lora_rank"            },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,           "%s.attention.kv_lora_rank"           },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_RELATIVE_BUCKETS_COUNT, "%s.attention.relative_buckets_count" },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,         "%s.attention.sliding_window"         },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,                  "%s.attention.scale"                  },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_BLOCK_SKIP_CONNECTION,  "%s.attention.block_skip_connection"  },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CROSS_ATTENTION_LAYERS, "%s.attention.cross_attention_layers" },

    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,      "%s.rope.dimension_count"                 },
    { LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,   "%s.rope.dimension_sections"              },
@ -245,7 +230,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
        },
    },
    {
-        LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,
+        LLM_ARCH_MLLAMA,
        {
            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
@ -268,9 +253,14 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,  "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,    "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_NORM,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_k_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_PROJ,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_k_proj" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_O_PROJ,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_o_proj" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_NORM,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_q_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_PROJ,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_q_proj" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_V_PROJ,    "blk.%d.cross_attn_v_proj" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_ATTN_GATE, "blk.%d.cross_attn_attn_gate" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_MLP_GATE,  "blk.%d.cross_attn_mlp_gate" },
        },
    },
    {
@ -476,24 +466,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
        },
    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM, "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_TYPES,     "token_types" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,        "blk.%d.attn_qkv" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,  "blk.%d.layer_output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,   "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,     "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,
        {
@ -622,45 +594,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
        },
    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,        "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,        "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-        },
-    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
        {
@ -878,12 +811,9 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
        {
            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_q_norm" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_k_norm" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
@ -1127,8 +1057,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,           "blk.%d.attn_q_b" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,      "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,          "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,           "blk.%d.attn_k_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,           "blk.%d.attn_v_b" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,           "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
@ -1145,22 +1073,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,    "blk.%d.exp_probs_b" },
        },
    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_PLM,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,      "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_mqa" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,     "blk.%d.attn_kv_a_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,          "blk.%d.attn_kv_b" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,           "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,             "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,
        {
@ -1179,25 +1091,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
        },
    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_GLM4,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,      "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,      "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,     "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,          "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,       "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,          "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,          "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,          "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,        "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,        "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,          "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,        "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_POST_NORM,  "blk.%d.post_attention_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_POST_NORM,   "blk.%d.post_ffw_norm" },
-        },
-    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_BITNET,
        {
@ -1382,74 +1275,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                    "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
        },
    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,           "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,               "blk.%d.attn_norm_2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_r_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,               "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,        "blk.%d.channel_mix_lerp_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_KEY,           "blk.%d.channel_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_VALUE,         "blk.%d.channel_mix_value" },
-        },
-    },
-    {
-        LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,
-        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,                "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD_NORM,           "token_embd_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,               "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,                    "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                 "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_w2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_a2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v0" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_v2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g1" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,               "blk.%d.time_mix_g2" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,              "blk.%d.time_mix_k_a" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,              "blk.%d.time_mix_r_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,       "blk.%d.time_mix_lerp_fused" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,              "blk.%d.time_mix_key" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_VALUE,            "blk.%d.time_mix_value" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_RECEPTANCE,       "blk.%d.time_mix_receptance" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,               "blk.%d.time_mix_ln" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_OUTPUT,           "blk.%d.time_mix_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,                  "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                  "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                  "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                    "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
-        },
-    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,
        {
@ -1548,27 +1373,20 @@ static const std::map<llm_arch, std::map<llm_tensor, const char *>> LLM_TENSOR_N
        },
    },
    {
-        LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,
+        LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3,
        {
-            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,         "token_embd" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM,        "output_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,             "output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FREQS,         "rope_freqs" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,          "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,             "blk.%d.attn_q" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,             "blk.%d.attn_k" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,             "blk.%d.attn_v" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,           "blk.%d.attn_output" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,       "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,           "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS,      "blk.%d.ffn_down_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,        "blk.%d.ffn_up_exps" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP_SHEXP, "blk.%d.ffn_gate_inp_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_gate_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,     "blk.%d.ffn_down_shexp" },
-            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,       "blk.%d.ffn_up_shexp" },
-        },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD,  "token_embd" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "output_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,   "blk.%d.attn_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,      "blk.%d.attn_q" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,      "blk.%d.attn_k" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,      "blk.%d.attn_v" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,    "blk.%d.attn_output" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,    "blk.%d.ffn_norm" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,    "blk.%d.ffn_gate" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,      "blk.%d.ffn_up" },
+            { LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,    "blk.%d.ffn_down" },
+        }
    },
    {
        LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
@ -1607,8 +1425,23 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_SHEXP,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_SHEXP,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_SHEXP,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_Q,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_K,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_ATTN_V,                 {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
@ -1635,12 +1468,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
    {LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,                    {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W1,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY_W2,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_KEY,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
@ -1659,9 +1486,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LN,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_K,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_CHANNEL_MIX_LERP_R,         {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_W,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_K,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_V,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
@ -1669,9 +1493,6 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_G,            {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_FUSED,        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_DECAY,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
-    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_ADD}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_FIRST,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,                  {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM_2,                {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
@ -1701,6 +1522,14 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
    // this tensor is loaded for T5, but never used
    {LLM_TENSOR_DEC_CROSS_ATTN_REL_B,       {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_NONE}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_BSKCN_TV,                   {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_NORM,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_PROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_O_PROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_NORM,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_PROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_V_PROJ,          {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL_MAT}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_ATTN_GATE,       {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
+    {LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_MLP_GATE,        {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,                     {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_INPUT,     GGML_OP_IM2COL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM,               {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
    {LLM_TENSOR_POS_NET_NORM1,              {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-arch.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-arch.h
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@

 enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_LLAMA,
-    LLM_ARCH_LLAMA4,
+    LLM_ARCH_MLLAMA,
    LLM_ARCH_DECI,
    LLM_ARCH_FALCON,
    LLM_ARCH_BAICHUAN,
@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_REFACT,
    LLM_ARCH_BERT,
    LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT,
-    LLM_ARCH_NOMIC_BERT_MOE,
    LLM_ARCH_JINA_BERT_V2,
    LLM_ARCH_BLOOM,
    LLM_ARCH_STABLELM,
@ -31,8 +30,6 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_QWEN2,
    LLM_ARCH_QWEN2MOE,
    LLM_ARCH_QWEN2VL,
-    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3,
-    LLM_ARCH_QWEN3MOE,
    LLM_ARCH_PHI2,
    LLM_ARCH_PHI3,
    LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE,
@ -59,7 +56,6 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK,
    LLM_ARCH_DEEPSEEK2,
    LLM_ARCH_CHATGLM,
-    LLM_ARCH_GLM4,
    LLM_ARCH_BITNET,
    LLM_ARCH_T5,
    LLM_ARCH_T5ENCODER,
@ -68,15 +64,12 @@ enum llm_arch {
    LLM_ARCH_EXAONE,
    LLM_ARCH_RWKV6,
    LLM_ARCH_RWKV6QWEN2,
-    LLM_ARCH_RWKV7,
-    LLM_ARCH_ARWKV7,
    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE,
    LLM_ARCH_GRANITE_MOE,
    LLM_ARCH_CHAMELEON,
    LLM_ARCH_SOLAR,
    LLM_ARCH_WAVTOKENIZER_DEC,
-    LLM_ARCH_PLM,
-    LLM_ARCH_BAILINGMOE,
+    LLM_ARCH_MISTRAL3,
    LLM_ARCH_UNKNOWN,
 };

@ -85,7 +78,6 @@ enum llm_kv {
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_ARCHITECTURE,
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_QUANTIZATION_VERSION,
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_ALIGNMENT,
-    LLM_KV_GENERAL_FILE_TYPE,
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_NAME,
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_AUTHOR,
    LLM_KV_GENERAL_VERSION,
@ -112,7 +104,6 @@ enum llm_kv {
    LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_EXPERT_WEIGHTS_NORM,
    LLM_KV_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC,
-    LLM_KV_MOE_EVERY_N_LAYERS,
    LLM_KV_POOLING_TYPE,
    LLM_KV_LOGIT_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_DECODER_START_TOKEN_ID,
@ -125,7 +116,6 @@ enum llm_kv {
    LLM_KV_RESIDUAL_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_EMBEDDING_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_TOKEN_SHIFT_COUNT,
-    LLM_KV_INTERLEAVE_MOE_LAYER_STEP,

    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT_KV,
@ -140,16 +130,11 @@ enum llm_kv {
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CAUSAL,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_Q_LORA_RANK,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KV_LORA_RANK,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_DECAY_LORA_RANK,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_ICLR_LORA_RANK,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_RESIDUAL_MIX_LORA_RANK,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_GATE_LORA_RANK,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_RELATIVE_BUCKETS_COUNT,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,
    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_BLOCK_SKIP_CONNECTION,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,
-    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_LENGTH_MLA,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_CROSS_ATTENTION_LAYERS,

    LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_COUNT,
    LLM_KV_ROPE_DIMENSION_SECTIONS,
@ -263,8 +248,6 @@ enum llm_tensor {
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_NORM,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_NORM,
    LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM,
-    LLM_TENSOR_POST_ATTN_NORM,
-    LLM_TENSOR_POST_MLP_NORM,
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_IN,
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_CONV1D,
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_X,
@ -272,20 +255,8 @@ enum llm_tensor {
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_A,
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_D,
    LLM_TENSOR_SSM_OUT,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W0,
    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W1,
    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_W2,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A0,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A1,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_A2,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V0,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V1,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_V2,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G1,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_G2,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_K,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_K_A,
-    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_R_K,
    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_X,
    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_W,
    LLM_TENSOR_TIME_MIX_LERP_K,
@ -312,8 +283,6 @@ enum llm_tensor {
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_B,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_MQA,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_B,
-    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K_B,
-    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V_B,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q_A_NORM,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_KV_A_NORM,
    LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SUB_NORM,
@ -349,6 +318,14 @@ enum llm_tensor {
    LLM_TENSOR_CLS,
    LLM_TENSOR_CLS_OUT,
    LLM_TENSOR_BSKCN_TV,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_K_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_O_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_NORM,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_Q_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_V_PROJ,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_ATTN_GATE,
+    LLM_TENSOR_CROSS_ATTN_MLP_GATE,
    LLM_TENSOR_CONV1D,
    LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_DW,
    LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_NORM,
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-batch.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-batch.cpp
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ llama_ubatch llama_sbatch::split_seq(size_t n_ubatch) {
    return ubatch;
 }

-llama_sbatch::llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple_split, bool logits_all) {
+void llama_sbatch::from_batch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple_split, bool logits_all) {
    GGML_ASSERT(batch.n_tokens >= 0);
    this->batch = &batch;
    this->n_embd = n_embd;
@ -203,7 +203,6 @@ llama_sbatch::llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; ++i) {
        ids[i] = i;
    }
-
    if (simple_split) {
        seq.resize(1);
        llama_sbatch_seq & s = seq[0];
@ -213,7 +212,6 @@ llama_sbatch::llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple
        s.length = n_tokens;
        return;
    }
-
    std::sort(ids.begin(), ids.end(),
            [&batch](size_t a, size_t b) {
                int32_t n_seq_a = batch.n_seq_id ? batch.n_seq_id[a] : 1;
@ -241,7 +239,6 @@ llama_sbatch::llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple
                return n_seq_a > n_seq_b;
            }
    );
-
    // init seq
    llama_sbatch_seq * last_seq = nullptr;

@ -265,7 +262,6 @@ llama_sbatch::llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple
        seq.push_back(new_seq);
        last_seq = &seq.back();
    }
-
    // keep shared prompts first at the end, then sort by length descending.
    std::sort(seq.begin(), seq.end(),
            [](llama_sbatch_seq & a, llama_sbatch_seq & b) {
@ -320,6 +316,7 @@ struct llama_batch llama_batch_get_one(
        /*n_tokens       =*/ n_tokens,
        /*tokens         =*/ tokens,
        /*embd           =*/ nullptr,
+        /*n_embd         =*/ 0,
        /*pos            =*/ nullptr,
        /*n_seq_id       =*/ nullptr,
        /*seq_id         =*/ nullptr,
@ -332,6 +329,7 @@ struct llama_batch llama_batch_init(int32_t n_tokens_alloc, int32_t embd, int32_
        /*n_tokens       =*/ 0,
        /*tokens         =*/ nullptr,
        /*embd           =*/ nullptr,
+        /*n_embd         =*/ 0,
        /*pos            =*/ nullptr,
        /*n_seq_id       =*/ nullptr,
        /*seq_id         =*/ nullptr,
@ -340,6 +338,7 @@ struct llama_batch llama_batch_init(int32_t n_tokens_alloc, int32_t embd, int32_

    if (embd) {
        batch.embd = (float *) malloc(sizeof(float) * n_tokens_alloc * embd);
+        batch.n_embd = embd;
    } else {
        batch.token = (llama_token *) malloc(sizeof(llama_token) * n_tokens_alloc);
    }
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-batch.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-batch.h
@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ struct llama_sbatch {
    bool logits_all; // TODO: remove once lctx.logits_all is removed too

    // sorted indices into the batch
-    std::vector<int64_t> ids;
+    std::vector<size_t> ids;
    // batch indices of the output
-    std::vector<int64_t> out_ids;
+    std::vector<size_t> out_ids;
    std::vector<llama_sbatch_seq> seq;

    const llama_batch * batch = nullptr;
@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ struct llama_sbatch {
    // sequence-wise split
    llama_ubatch split_seq(size_t n_ubatch);

-    llama_sbatch() = default;
-    llama_sbatch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple_split = false, bool logits_all = false);
+    void from_batch(const llama_batch & batch, size_t n_embd, bool simple_split = false, bool logits_all = false);
 };

 // temporary allocate memory for the input batch if needed
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-chat.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-chat.cpp
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@

 #include <map>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <algorithm>

 #if __cplusplus >= 202000L
    #define LU8(x) (const char*)(u8##x)
@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ static const std::map<std::string, llm_chat_template> LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATES = {
    { "mistral-v3",        LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V3        },
    { "mistral-v3-tekken", LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V3_TEKKEN },
    { "mistral-v7",        LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7        },
-    { "mistral-v7-tekken", LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7_TEKKEN },
    { "phi3",              LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_3             },
    { "phi4",              LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_4             },
    { "falcon3",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FALCON_3          },
@ -51,8 +49,8 @@ static const std::map<std::string, llm_chat_template> LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATES = {
    { "deepseek3",         LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DEEPSEEK_3        },
    { "command-r",         LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_COMMAND_R         },
    { "llama3",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA_3           },
-    { "chatglm3",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_3         },
-    { "chatglm4",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_4         },
+    { "chatglm3",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_3         },
+    { "chatglm4",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_4         },
    { "glmedge",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE           },
    { "minicpm",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM           },
    { "exaone3",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_3          },
@ -60,10 +58,6 @@ static const std::map<std::string, llm_chat_template> LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATES = {
    { "granite",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE           },
    { "gigachat",          LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT          },
    { "megrez",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MEGREZ            },
-    { "yandex",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX            },
-    { "bailing",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING           },
-    { "llama4",            LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4            },
-    { "smolvlm",           LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM           },
 };

 llm_chat_template llm_chat_template_from_str(const std::string & name) {
@ -83,9 +77,7 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
    if (tmpl_contains("<|im_start|>")) {
        return tmpl_contains("<|im_sep|>")
            ? LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_4
-            : tmpl_contains("<end_of_utterance>")
-                ? LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM // SmolVLM uses <|im_start|> as BOS, but it is NOT chatml
-                : LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATML;
+            : LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATML;
    } else if (tmpl.find("mistral") == 0 || tmpl_contains("[INST]")) {
        if (tmpl_contains("[SYSTEM_PROMPT]")) {
            return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7;
@ -123,12 +115,8 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
        }
    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|assistant|>") && tmpl_contains("<|end|>")) {
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_3;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains("[gMASK]<sop>")) {
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_4;
    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|assistant|>") && tmpl_contains("<|user|>")) {
        return tmpl_contains("</s>") ? LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FALCON_3 : LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|{{ item['role'] }}|>") && tmpl_contains("<|begin_of_image|>")) {
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE;
    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|user|>") && tmpl_contains("<|endoftext|>")) {
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_ZEPHYR;
    } else if (tmpl_contains("bos_token + message['role']")) {
@ -157,7 +145,9 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA_3;
    } else if (tmpl_contains("[gMASK]sop")) {
        // chatglm3-6b
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_3;
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_3;
+    } else if (tmpl_contains("[gMASK]<sop>")) {
+        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_4;
    } else if (tmpl_contains(LU8("<用户>"))) {
        // MiniCPM-3B-OpenHermes-2.5-v2-GGUF
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM;
@ -177,12 +167,6 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT;
    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|role_start|>")) {
        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MEGREZ;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains(" Ассистент:")) {
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains("<role>ASSISTANT</role>") && tmpl_contains("'HUMAN'")) {
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains("<|header_start|>") && tmpl_contains("<|header_end|>")) {
-        return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4;
    }
    return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_UNKNOWN;
 }
@ -203,20 +187,19 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
        if (add_ass) {
            ss << "<|im_start|>assistant\n";
        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7 || tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7_TEKKEN) {
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7) {
        // Official mistral 'v7' template
        // See: https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Large-Instruct-2411#basic-instruct-template-v7
-        //      https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503#basic-instruct-template-v7-tekken
-        const char * trailing_space = tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7 ? " " : "";
        for (auto message : chat) {
            std::string role(message->role);
            std::string content(message->content);
            if (role == "system") {
-                ss << "[SYSTEM_PROMPT]" << trailing_space << content << "[/SYSTEM_PROMPT]";
+                ss << "[SYSTEM_PROMPT] " << content << "[/SYSTEM_PROMPT]";
            } else if (role == "user") {
-                ss << "[INST]" << trailing_space << content << "[/INST]";
-            } else {
-                ss << trailing_space << content << "</s>";
+                ss << "[INST] " << content << "[/INST]";
+            }
+            else {
+                ss << " " << content << "</s>";
            }
        }
    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V1
@ -439,7 +422,7 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
        if (add_ass) {
            ss << "<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n";
        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_3) {
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_3) {
        // chatglm3-6b
        ss << "[gMASK]" << "sop";
        for (auto message : chat) {
@ -449,14 +432,14 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
        if (add_ass) {
            ss << "<|assistant|>";
        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_4) {
+    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_4) {
        ss << "[gMASK]" << "<sop>";
        for (auto message : chat) {
            std::string role(message->role);
            ss << "<|" << role << "|>" << "\n" << message->content;
        }
        if (add_ass) {
-            ss << "<|assistant|>\n";
+            ss << "<|assistant|>";
        }
    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE) {
        for (auto message : chat) {
@ -583,66 +566,6 @@ int32_t llm_chat_apply_template(
        if (add_ass) {
            ss << "<|role_start|>assistant<|role_end|>";
        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX) {
-        // Yandex template ("\n\n" is defined as EOT token)
-
-        ss << "<s>";
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < chat.size(); i++) {
-            std::string role(chat[i]->role);
-            if (role == "user") {
-                ss << " Пользователь: " << chat[i]->content << "\n\n";
-            } else if (role == "assistant") {
-                ss << " Ассистент: " << chat[i]->content << "\n\n";
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Add generation prompt if needed
-        if (add_ass) {
-            ss << " Ассистент:[SEP]";
-        }
-    }  else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING) {
-        // Bailing (Ling) template
-        for (auto message : chat) {
-            std::string role(message->role);
-
-            if (role == "user") {
-                role = "HUMAN";
-            } else {
-                std::transform(role.begin(), role.end(), role.begin(), ::toupper);
-            }
-
-            ss << "<role>" << role << "</role>" << message->content;
-        }
-
-        if (add_ass) {
-            ss << "<role>ASSISTANT</role>";
-        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4) {
-        // Llama 4
-        for (auto message : chat) {
-            std::string role(message->role);
-            ss << "<|header_start|>" << role << "<|header_end|>\n\n" << trim(message->content) << "<|eot|>";
-        }
-        if (add_ass) {
-            ss << "<|header_start|>assistant<|header_end|>\n\n";
-        }
-    } else if (tmpl == LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM) {
-        // SmolVLM
-        ss << "<|im_start|>"; // uses <|im_start|> as BOS, but the actual content is NOT chatml
-        for (auto message : chat) {
-            std::string role(message->role);
-            if (role == "system") {
-                ss << message->content << "\n\n";
-            } else if (role == "user") {
-                ss << "User: " << message->content << "<end_of_utterance>\n";
-            } else {
-                ss << "Assistant: " << message->content << "<end_of_utterance>\n";
-            }
-        }
-        if (add_ass) {
-            ss << "Assistant:";
-        }
    } else {
        // template not supported
        return -1;
@ -661,3 +584,4 @@ int32_t llama_chat_builtin_templates(const char ** output, size_t len) {
    }
    return (int32_t) LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATES.size();
 }
+
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-chat.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-chat.h
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ enum llm_chat_template {
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V3,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V3_TEKKEN,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MISTRAL_V7_TEKKEN,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_3,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_PHI_4,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FALCON_3,
@ -30,8 +29,8 @@ enum llm_chat_template {
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DEEPSEEK_3,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_COMMAND_R,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA_3,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_3,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGLM_4,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_3,
+    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_CHATGML_4,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GLMEDGE,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_EXAONE_3,
@ -39,10 +38,6 @@ enum llm_chat_template {
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GRANITE,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_GIGACHAT,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MEGREZ,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_YANDEX,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_BAILING,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_LLAMA4,
-    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_SMOLVLM,
    LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_UNKNOWN,
 };

--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-context.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-context.cpp
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-context.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-context.h
@ -3,222 +3,66 @@
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "llama-batch.h"
 #include "llama-cparams.h"
-#include "llama-graph.h"
-#include "llama-adapter.h"
+#include "llama-model.h"
 #include "llama-kv-cache.h"
+#include "llama-adapter.h"

 #include "ggml-cpp.h"
-#include "ggml-opt.h"

 #include <map>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
-
-struct llama_model;
-struct llama_kv_cache;
-
-class llama_io_read_i;
-class llama_io_write_i;
+#include <set>

 struct llama_context {
-    // init scheduler and compute buffers, reserve worst-case graphs
-    llama_context(
-            const llama_model & model,
-                  llama_context_params params);
+    llama_context(const llama_model & model)
+        : model(model)
+        , t_start_us(model.t_start_us)
+        , t_load_us(model.t_load_us) {}

-    ~llama_context();
+    const struct llama_model & model;

-    void synchronize();
+    struct llama_cparams      cparams;
+    struct llama_sbatch       sbatch;  // TODO: revisit if needed
+    struct llama_kv_cache     kv_self;
+    struct llama_adapter_cvec cvec;

-    const llama_model   & get_model()   const;
-    const llama_cparams & get_cparams() const;
+    std::unordered_map<struct llama_adapter_lora *, float> lora;

-    ggml_backend_sched_t get_sched() const;
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_ptr> backends;
+    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_backend_t, ggml_backend_set_n_threads_t>> set_n_threads_fns;

-    ggml_context * get_ctx_compute() const;
+    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu = nullptr;

-    uint32_t n_ctx()         const;
-    uint32_t n_ctx_per_seq() const;
-    uint32_t n_batch()       const;
-    uint32_t n_ubatch()      const;
-    uint32_t n_seq_max()     const;
+    ggml_threadpool_t threadpool       = nullptr;
+    ggml_threadpool_t threadpool_batch = nullptr;

-    uint32_t n_threads()       const;
-    uint32_t n_threads_batch() const;
+    bool has_evaluated_once = false;

-          llama_kv_cache * get_kv_self();
-    const llama_kv_cache * get_kv_self() const;
+    mutable int64_t t_start_us;
+    mutable int64_t t_load_us;
+    mutable int64_t t_p_eval_us = 0;
+    mutable int64_t t_eval_us   = 0;

-    void kv_self_update();
+    mutable int64_t t_compute_start_us = 0;
+    mutable int64_t n_queued_tokens = 0;

-    enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type() const;
+    mutable int32_t n_p_eval = 0; // number of tokens in eval calls for the prompt (with batch size > 1)
+    mutable int32_t n_eval   = 0; // number of eval calls

-    float * get_logits();
-    float * get_logits_ith(int32_t i);
-
-    float * get_embeddings();
-    float * get_embeddings_ith(int32_t i);
-    float * get_embeddings_seq(llama_seq_id seq_id);
-
-    void attach_threadpool(
-            ggml_threadpool_t threadpool,
-            ggml_threadpool_t threadpool_batch);
-
-    void detach_threadpool();
-
-    void set_n_threads(int32_t n_threads, int32_t n_threads_batch);
-
-    void set_abort_callback(bool (*abort_callback)(void * data), void * abort_callback_data);
-
-    void set_embeddings (bool value);
-    void set_causal_attn(bool value);
-    void set_warmup(bool value);
-
-    void set_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter,
-            float scale);
-
-    bool rm_adapter_lora(
-            llama_adapter_lora * adapter);
-
-    void clear_adapter_lora();
-
-    bool apply_adapter_cvec(
-            const float * data,
-                 size_t   len,
-                int32_t   n_embd,
-                int32_t   il_start,
-                int32_t   il_end);
-
-    int encode(llama_batch & inp_batch);
-    int decode(llama_batch & inp_batch);
-
-    //
-    // state save/load
-    //
-
-    size_t state_get_size();
-    size_t state_get_data(      uint8_t * dst, size_t size);
-    size_t state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size);
-
-    size_t state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id);
-    size_t state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id,       uint8_t * dst, size_t size);
-    size_t state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size);
-
-    bool state_load_file(
-            const char * filepath,
-           llama_token * tokens_out,
-                size_t   n_token_capacity,
-                size_t * n_token_count_out);
-
-    bool state_save_file(
-            const char * filepath,
-     const llama_token * tokens,
-                size_t   n_token_count);
-
-    size_t state_seq_load_file(
-          llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-            const char * filepath,
-           llama_token * tokens_out,
-                size_t   n_token_capacity,
-                size_t * n_token_count_out);
-
-    size_t state_seq_save_file(
-          llama_seq_id   seq_id,
-            const char * filepath,
-     const llama_token * tokens,
-                size_t   n_token_count);
-
-    //
-    // perf
-    //
-
-    llama_perf_context_data perf_get_data() const;
-    void perf_reset();
-
-    //
-    // training
-    //
-
-    void opt_init(struct llama_model * model, struct llama_opt_params lopt_params);
-
-    void opt_epoch(
-            ggml_opt_dataset_t      dataset,
-            ggml_opt_result_t       result_train,
-            ggml_opt_result_t       result_eval,
-            int64_t                 idata_split,
-            ggml_opt_epoch_callback callback_train,
-            ggml_opt_epoch_callback callback_eval);
-
-    void opt_epoch_iter(
-            ggml_opt_dataset_t               dataset,
-            ggml_opt_result_t                result,
-            const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens,
-            const std::vector<llama_token> & labels_sparse,
-            llama_batch                    & batch,
-            ggml_opt_epoch_callback          callback,
-            bool                             train,
-            int64_t                          idata_in_loop,
-            int64_t                          ndata_in_loop,
-            int64_t                          t_loop_start);
-
-private:
-    //
-    // output
-    //
-
-    // Make sure enough space is available for outputs.
-    // Returns max number of outputs for which space was reserved.
-    int32_t output_reserve(int32_t n_outputs);
-
-    //
-    // graph
-    //
-
-public:
-    int32_t graph_max_nodes() const;
-
-    // zero-out inputs and create the ctx_compute for the compute graph
-    ggml_cgraph * graph_init();
-
-    // returns the result of ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async execution
-    ggml_status graph_compute(
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-                   bool   batched);
-
-private:
-    llm_graph_result_ptr graph_build(
-            ggml_context * ctx,
-             ggml_cgraph * gf,
-      const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-          llm_graph_type   gtype);
-
-    llm_graph_cb graph_get_cb() const;
-
-    // TODO: read/write lora adapters and cvec
-    size_t state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io);
-    size_t state_read_data (llama_io_read_i  & io);
-
-    size_t state_seq_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id);
-    size_t state_seq_read_data (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id);
-
-    //
-    // members
-    //
-
-    const llama_model & model;
-
-    llama_cparams       cparams;
-    llama_adapter_cvec  cvec;
-    llama_adapter_loras loras;
-
-    llama_cross cross; // TODO: tmp for handling cross-attention - need something better probably
-
-    std::unique_ptr<llama_memory_i> memory;
+    // host buffer for the model output (logits and embeddings)
+    ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf_output;

    // decode output (2-dimensional array: [n_outputs][n_vocab])
    size_t  logits_size = 0; // capacity (of floats) for logits
    float * logits      = nullptr;

+    std::vector<int32_t> output_ids; // map batch token positions to ids of the logits and embd buffers
+    size_t  output_size = 0; // capacity (of tokens positions) for the output buffers
+    int32_t n_outputs   = 0; // number of actually-used outputs in the current ubatch or last logical batch
+
+    bool logits_all = false;
+
    // embeddings output (2-dimensional array: [n_outputs][n_embd])
    // populated only when pooling_type == LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE
    size_t  embd_size = 0; // capacity (of floats) for embeddings
@ -228,50 +72,59 @@ private:
    // populated only when pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE
    std::map<llama_seq_id, std::vector<float>> embd_seq;

-    int32_t n_outputs     = 0; // number of actually-used outputs in the current ubatch or last logical batch
-    int32_t n_outputs_max = 0; // capacity (of tokens positions) for the output buffers
+    // whether we are computing encoder output or decoder output
+    bool is_encoding = false;

-    std::vector<int32_t> output_ids; // map batch token positions to ids of the logits and embd buffers
+    // TODO: find a better way to accommodate mutli-dimension position encoding methods
+    // number of position id each token get, 1 for each token in most cases.
+    // when using m-rope, it will be 3 position ids per token to representing 3 dimension coordinate.
+    int n_pos_per_token = 1;

+    // output of the encoder part of the encoder-decoder models
+    std::vector<float> embd_enc;
+    std::vector<std::set<llama_seq_id>> seq_ids_enc;
+
+    // memory buffers used to evaluate the model
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_compute_meta;
    ggml_backend_sched_ptr sched;

-    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu = nullptr;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_ptr> backends;
-
-    ggml_context_ptr ctx_compute;
-
-    // training
-    ggml_opt_context_t opt_ctx = nullptr;
-
-    ggml_threadpool_t threadpool       = nullptr;
-    ggml_threadpool_t threadpool_batch = nullptr;
-
    ggml_abort_callback abort_callback      = nullptr;
    void *              abort_callback_data = nullptr;

-    std::vector<std::pair<ggml_backend_t, ggml_backend_set_n_threads_t>> set_n_threads_fns;
+    // input tensors
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_tokens;        // I32 [n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_embd;          // F32 [n_embd, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_pos;           // I32 [n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids;       // I32 [n_outputs]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_KQ_mask;       // F32 [kv_size, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_KQ_mask_swa;   // F32 [kv_size, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_K_shift;       // I32 [kv_size]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_mean;          // F32 [n_batch, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_cls;           // I32 [n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_s_copy;        // I32 [kv_size]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_s_mask;        // F32 [1, n_kv]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_s_seq;         // I32 [n_kv, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_pos_bucket;    // I32 [n_batch|n_kv, n_batch]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_embd_enc;      // F32 [n_embd, n_outputs_enc]
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_KQ_mask_cross; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch]

-    // buffer types used for the compute buffer of each backend
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_t>             backend_ptrs;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> backend_buft;
-
-    // memory buffers used to evaluate the model
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf_compute_meta;
-
-    // host buffer for the model output (logits and embeddings)
-    ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf_output;
-
-    bool has_evaluated_once = false;
-
-    // perf
-    mutable int64_t t_start_us  = 0;
-    mutable int64_t t_load_us   = 0;
-    mutable int64_t t_p_eval_us = 0;
-    mutable int64_t t_eval_us   = 0;
-
-    mutable int64_t t_compute_start_us = 0;
-    mutable int64_t n_queued_tokens    = 0;
-
-    mutable int32_t n_p_eval = 0; // number of tokens in eval calls for the prompt (with batch size > 1)
-    mutable int32_t n_eval   = 0; // number of eval calls
+    struct ggml_tensor * inp_cross_attn_state; // F32 [4, n_embd, 1061]
 };
+
+// TODO: make these methods of llama_context
+void llama_set_k_shift(struct llama_context & lctx);
+
+void llama_set_s_copy(struct llama_context & lctx);
+
+void llama_set_inputs(llama_context & lctx, const llama_ubatch & ubatch);
+
+// Make sure enough space is available for outputs.
+// Returns max number of outputs for which space was reserved.
+size_t llama_output_reserve(struct llama_context & lctx, size_t n_outputs);
+
+// make the outputs have the same order they had in the user-provided batch
+void llama_output_reorder(struct llama_context & ctx);
+
+// For internal test use
+// TODO: remove
+const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, struct ggml_tensor *>> & llama_internal_get_tensor_map(struct llama_context * ctx);
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-cparams.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-cparams.h
@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ struct llama_cparams {
    bool offload_kqv;
    bool flash_attn;
    bool no_perf;
-    bool warmup;
-    bool op_offload;
+    bool cross_attn;

    enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type;

--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-grammar.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-grammar.cpp
@ -907,7 +907,6 @@ llama_grammar_candidates llama_grammar_reject_candidates_for_stack(

 struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
-        const struct ollama_vocab * ollama_vocab,
        const llama_grammar_element ** rules,
        size_t n_rules,
        size_t start_rule_index) {
@ -963,7 +962,6 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
    // then the pointers would be invalidated when the local vec_rules goes out of scope.
    return new llama_grammar {
        vocab,
-        ollama_vocab,
        std::move(vec_rules),
        std::move(stacks),
        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
@ -971,25 +969,28 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ false,
        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
        /* .trigger_tokens   = */ {},
-        /* .trigger_patterns    = */ {},
+        /* .trigger_words    = */ {},
    };
 }

 struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
-        const struct ollama_vocab * ollama_vocab,
                      const char * grammar_str,
                      const char * grammar_root,
                              bool lazy,
-                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
-                            size_t num_trigger_patterns,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
    llama_grammar_parser parser;

    // if there is a grammar, parse it
-    // rules will be empty (default) if there are parse errors
-    if (!parser.parse(grammar_str) || parser.rules.empty()) {
+    if (!parser.parse(grammar_str)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // will be empty (default) if there are parse errors
+    if (parser.rules.empty()) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to parse grammar\n", __func__);
        return nullptr;
    }
@ -1053,16 +1054,14 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
    } while (true);

    std::vector<llama_token>    vec_trigger_tokens;
-    std::vector<llama_grammar_trigger_pattern> vec_trigger_patterns;
+    std::vector<std::string> vec_trigger_words;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_tokens; i++) {
        GGML_ASSERT(trigger_tokens != nullptr);
        vec_trigger_tokens.push_back(trigger_tokens[i]);
    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_patterns; i++) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(trigger_patterns != nullptr);
-        auto & trigger = vec_trigger_patterns.emplace_back();
-        trigger.pattern = trigger_patterns[i];
-        trigger.regex = std::regex(trigger.pattern);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_words; i++) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(trigger_words != nullptr);
+        vec_trigger_words.push_back(trigger_words[i]);
    }

    // Important: vec_rules has to be moved here, not copied, because stacks contains
@ -1070,7 +1069,6 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
    // then the pointers would be invalidated when the local vec_rules goes out of scope.
    return new llama_grammar {
        vocab,
-        ollama_vocab,
        std::move(vec_rules),
        std::move(stacks),
        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
@ -1078,7 +1076,7 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ lazy,
        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
        std::move(vec_trigger_tokens),
-        std::move(vec_trigger_patterns),
+        std::move(vec_trigger_words),
    };
 }

@ -1091,9 +1089,8 @@ void llama_grammar_free_impl(struct llama_grammar * grammar) {
 }

 struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar) {
-    auto * result = new llama_grammar {
+    llama_grammar * result = new llama_grammar {
        grammar.vocab,
-        grammar.o_vocab,
        grammar.rules,
        grammar.stacks,
        grammar.partial_utf8,
@ -1101,7 +1098,7 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & gra
        grammar.awaiting_trigger,
        grammar.trigger_buffer,
        grammar.trigger_tokens,
-        grammar.trigger_patterns,
+        grammar.trigger_words,
    };

    // redirect elements in stacks to point to new rules
@ -1121,6 +1118,7 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & gra
 }

 void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(grammar.vocab != nullptr);

    if (grammar.awaiting_trigger) {
        return;
@ -1142,13 +1140,9 @@ void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_

    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; ++i) {
        const llama_token id      = cur_p->data[i].id;
-        const std::string piece = grammar.o_vocab ?
-            grammar.o_vocab->token_to_piece(id) :
-            grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(id);
+        const std::string & piece = grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(id);

-        const bool is_eog = grammar.o_vocab ? grammar.o_vocab->is_eog(id) : grammar.vocab->is_eog(id);
-
-        if (is_eog) {
+        if (grammar.vocab->is_eog(id)) {
            if (!allow_eog) {
                cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
            }
@ -1167,10 +1161,9 @@ void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_
 }

 void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(grammar.vocab != nullptr);

-    const std::string piece = grammar.o_vocab ?
-        grammar.o_vocab->token_to_piece(token) :
-        grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(token);
+    const auto & piece = grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(token);

    if (grammar.awaiting_trigger) {
        if (std::find(grammar.trigger_tokens.begin(), grammar.trigger_tokens.end(), token) != grammar.trigger_tokens.end()) {
@ -1180,18 +1173,16 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token
            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on token %u (`%s`)", token, piece.c_str());
            return;
        } else {
+            // TODO: consider a smarter incremental substring search algorithm (store last position to search from).
            grammar.trigger_buffer += piece;
-
-            std::smatch match;
-            for (const auto & trigger_pattern : grammar.trigger_patterns) {
-                if (std::regex_match(grammar.trigger_buffer, match, trigger_pattern.regex)) {
+            for (const auto & word : grammar.trigger_words) {
+                auto pos = grammar.trigger_buffer.find(word);
+                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
                    grammar.awaiting_trigger = false;
-                    // get from the first match to the end of the string
-                    auto constrained_str = grammar.trigger_buffer.substr(match.position(1));
-                    // std::string constrained_str(match[1].first, grammar.trigger_buffer.end());
+                    auto constrained_str = grammar.trigger_buffer.substr(pos);
                    grammar.trigger_buffer.clear();
                    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, constrained_str);
-                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on regex: '%s'\n", constrained_str.c_str());
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on word `%s`", word.c_str());
                    return;
                }
            }
@ -1200,14 +1191,13 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token
        }
    }

-    const bool is_eog = grammar.o_vocab ? grammar.o_vocab->is_eog(token) : grammar.vocab->is_eog(token);
-    if (is_eog) {
+    if (grammar.vocab->is_eog(token)) {
        for (const auto & stack : grammar.stacks) {
            if (stack.empty()) {
                return;
            }
        }
-        GGML_ABORT("grammar error: end of grammar token received but grammar stack is not empty");
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
    }

    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, piece);
@ -1227,28 +1217,3 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_str(struct llama_grammar & grammar, const std::string
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected empty grammar stack after accepting piece: " + piece);
    }
 }
-
-
-const std::string & ollama_vocab::token_to_piece(const uint32_t token) const {
-    try {
-        return token_to_piece_map.at(token);
-    } catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Token not found in vocabulary: " + std::to_string(token));
-    }
-}
-
-void ollama_vocab::add_token_pieces(const uint32_t* tokens, size_t n_tokens, const char** pieces) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
-        token_to_piece_map[tokens[i]] = pieces[i];
-    }
-}
-
-bool ollama_vocab::is_eog(const uint32_t token) const {
-    return special_eog_ids.count(token) > 0;
-}
-
-void ollama_vocab::set_eog_tokens(const uint32_t* tokens, size_t n_tokens) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
-        special_eog_ids.insert(tokens[i]);
-    }
-}
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-grammar.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-grammar.h
@ -3,22 +3,10 @@
 #include "llama.h"

 #include <map>
-#include <regex>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <set>

 struct llama_vocab;
-struct ollama_vocab {
-    std::map<uint32_t, std::string> token_to_piece_map;
-    std::set<uint32_t> special_eog_ids;
-
-    const std::string & token_to_piece(const uint32_t token) const;
-    void add_token_pieces(const uint32_t* tokens, size_t n_tokens, const char** pieces);
-    void set_eog_tokens(const uint32_t* tokens, size_t n_tokens);
-    bool is_eog(const uint32_t token) const;
-
-};

 // grammar element type
 enum llama_gretype {
@ -117,15 +105,9 @@ struct llama_grammar_parser {
    void print(FILE * file);
 };

-struct llama_grammar_trigger_pattern {
-    std::string pattern;
-    std::regex  regex;
-};
-
 struct llama_grammar {
    // note: allow null vocab for testing (not great)
    const llama_vocab * vocab;
-    const ollama_vocab * o_vocab;

    const llama_grammar_rules  rules;  // TODO: shared ptr
          llama_grammar_stacks stacks;
@ -140,10 +122,7 @@ struct llama_grammar {
    bool                     awaiting_trigger = false; // Initialized to true for lazy grammars only
    std::string              trigger_buffer;           // Output buffered by lazy grammar. Will be cleared once trigger is found.
    std::vector<llama_token> trigger_tokens;           // Tokens that trigger a lazy grammar, or tokens to force printing of (even if special).
-    std::vector<llama_grammar_trigger_pattern>
-                             trigger_patterns;         // Regular expressions that trigger a lazy grammar. Must be a full match of the entire generated
-                                                       // string, and the grammar will be given the string from the first match group onwards.
-
+    std::vector<std::string> trigger_words;
 };

 //
@ -153,19 +132,17 @@ struct llama_grammar {
 // note: needed for tests (not great)
 struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
-        const struct ollama_vocab * ollama_vocab,
        const llama_grammar_element ** rules,
        size_t n_rules,
        size_t start_rule_index);

 struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
-        const struct ollama_vocab * ollama_vocab,
                      const char * grammar_str,
                      const char * grammar_root,
                              bool lazy,
-                     const char ** trigger_patterns,
-                            size_t num_trigger_patterns,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
                            size_t num_trigger_tokens);

--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-graph.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-graph.cpp
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-graph.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-graph.h
@ -1,598 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "llama-arch.h"
-#include "llama-hparams.h"
-#include "llama-adapter.h"
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
-#include <memory>
-#include <set>
-#include <functional>
-
-struct ggml_cgraph;
-struct ggml_context;
-struct ggml_tensor;
-
-struct llama_ubatch;
-struct llama_cparams;
-
-class llama_memory_i;
-class llama_kv_cache_unified;
-class llama_kv_cache_recurrent;
-
-// certain models (typically multi-modal) can produce different types of graphs
-enum llm_graph_type {
-    LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-    LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_ENCODER,
-    LLM_GRAPH_TYPE_DECODER,
-};
-
-enum llm_ffn_op_type {
-    LLM_FFN_SILU,
-    LLM_FFN_GELU,
-    LLM_FFN_RELU,
-    LLM_FFN_RELU_SQR,
-    LLM_FFN_SWIGLU,
-};
-
-enum llm_ffn_gate_type {
-    LLM_FFN_SEQ,
-    LLM_FFN_PAR, // ffn_gate is parallel to ffn_up
-};
-
-enum llm_norm_type {
-    LLM_NORM,
-    LLM_NORM_RMS,
-    LLM_NORM_GROUP,
-};
-
-// TODO: tmp - need something better to pass the data from the encoder to the decoder
-struct llama_cross {
-    // the output embeddings from the encoder as a ggml tensor
-    // TODO: this needs more work to be correct, for now copy the embeddings data to host memory
-    //       ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/11213#discussion_r1969892524
-    //ggml_tensor * t_embd = nullptr;
-
-    int64_t n_embd = 0;
-    int64_t n_enc  = 0;
-
-    // embeddings data copied to host memory (tmp)
-    std::vector<float> v_embd;
-
-    // needed to construct the cross-attention mask in the decoder
-    std::vector<std::set<llama_seq_id>> seq_ids_enc;
-};
-
-//
-// llm_graph_input
-//
-
-class llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_i() = default;
-
-    virtual void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) = 0;
-};
-
-using llm_graph_input_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_input_i>;
-
-
-class llm_graph_input_embd : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_embd()          = default;
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_embd() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * tokens = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * embd   = nullptr; // F32 [n_embd, n_batch]
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_pos : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_pos(int64_t n_pos_per_embd) : n_pos_per_embd(n_pos_per_embd) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_pos() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * pos = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch]
-
-    const int64_t n_pos_per_embd = 1;
-};
-
-// temperature tuning, used by llama4
-class llm_graph_input_attn_temp : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_temp(uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale, float f_attn_temp_scale)
-        : n_attn_temp_floor_scale(n_attn_temp_floor_scale), f_attn_temp_scale(f_attn_temp_scale) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_attn_temp() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * attn_scale = nullptr; // F32 [n_batch]
-
-    const uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale;
-    const float    f_attn_temp_scale;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_pos_bucket : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_pos_bucket(const llama_hparams & hparams) : hparams(hparams) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_pos_bucket() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * pos_bucket = nullptr; // I32 [n_batch, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv(
-            const llama_hparams & hparams,
-            const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self) : hparams(hparams), kv_self(kv_self) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_pos_bucket_kv() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * pos_bucket = nullptr; // I32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_out_ids : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_out_ids(
-            const llama_hparams & hparams,
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            int32_t n_outputs) : hparams(hparams), cparams(cparams), n_outputs(n_outputs) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_out_ids() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * out_ids; // I32 [n_outputs]
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-
-    const int32_t n_outputs;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_mean : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_mean(const llama_cparams & cparams) : cparams(cparams) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_mean() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * mean; // F32 [n_batch, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_cls : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_cls(const llama_cparams & cparams) : cparams(cparams) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_cls() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * cls; // I32 [n_batch]
-
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_s_copy : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_s_copy(const llama_kv_cache_recurrent * kv_self) : kv_self(kv_self) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_s_copy() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * s_copy; // I32 [kv_size]
-
-    const llama_kv_cache_recurrent * kv_self;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_s_mask : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_s_mask(const llama_kv_cache_recurrent * kv_self) : kv_self(kv_self) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_s_mask() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * s_mask; // F32 [1, n_kv]
-
-    const llama_kv_cache_recurrent * kv_self;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_cross_embd : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_cross_embd(
-            const llama_cross * cross) : cross(cross) {}
-    virtual ~llm_graph_input_cross_embd() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * cross_embd; // F32 [n_embd, n_outputs_enc]
-
-    const llama_cross * cross;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache(const llama_hparams & hparams, const llama_cparams & cparams) :
-        hparams(hparams),
-        cparams(cparams) {
-    }
-    ~llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask() const { return kq_mask_cnv; }
-
-    ggml_tensor * kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_tokens, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_tokens, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified(
-            const llama_hparams & hparams,
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-            const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self) :
-        hparams(hparams),
-        cparams(cparams),
-        kv_self(kv_self) {
-    }
-    ~llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask()     const { return self_kq_mask_cnv; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask_swa() const { return self_kq_mask_swa_cnv; }
-
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask         = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_cnv     = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa     = nullptr; // F32 [n_kv, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * self_kq_mask_swa_cnv = nullptr; //     [n_kv, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-
-    const llama_kv_cache_unified * kv_self;
-};
-
-class llm_graph_input_attn_cross : public llm_graph_input_i {
-public:
-    llm_graph_input_attn_cross(const llama_cross * cross) : cross(cross) {}
-    ~llm_graph_input_attn_cross() = default;
-
-    void set_input(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override;
-
-    ggml_tensor * get_kq_mask_cross() const { return cross_kq_mask_cnv; }
-
-    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask     = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch]
-    ggml_tensor * cross_kq_mask_cnv = nullptr; // F32 [n_outputs_enc, n_batch]
-
-    const llama_cross * cross = nullptr;
-};
-
-//
-// llm_graph_result
-//
-
-// these objects deliver the result from the graph build process back to the llama_context
-// note that the input tensors created for the graph are referenced here - the goal is to be able to populate their
-//   specific data, by calling the set_inputs() method
-// along with the input tensors, the object also provides commonly used outputs tensors, such as logits, embeddings, etc.
-//   these are used by the llama_context to extact the relevant data, based on the compute parameters
-
-class llm_graph_result_i {
-public:
-    virtual ~llm_graph_result_i() = default;
-
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_tokens()      = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_logits()      = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_embd()        = 0;
-    virtual ggml_tensor * get_embd_pooled() = 0;
-
-    virtual void set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) = 0;
-};
-
-using llm_graph_result_ptr = std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_result_i>;
-
-
-class llm_graph_result : public llm_graph_result_i {
-public:
-    virtual ~llm_graph_result() = default;
-
-    ggml_tensor * get_tokens()      override { return t_tokens; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_logits()      override { return t_logits; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_embd()        override { return t_embd; }
-    ggml_tensor * get_embd_pooled() override { return t_embd_pooled; }
-
-    void set_inputs(const llama_ubatch * ubatch) override {
-        for (auto & input : inputs) {
-            input->set_input(ubatch);
-        }
-    }
-
-    llm_graph_input_i * add_input(llm_graph_input_ptr input) {
-        inputs.emplace_back(std::move(input));
-        return inputs.back().get();
-    }
-
-    // important graph nodes
-    ggml_tensor * t_tokens      = nullptr;
-    ggml_tensor * t_logits      = nullptr;
-    ggml_tensor * t_embd        = nullptr;
-    ggml_tensor * t_embd_pooled = nullptr;
-
-    std::vector<llm_graph_input_ptr> inputs;
-};
-
-//
-// llm_graph_context
-//
-
-// callback that allows us to apply custom logic to each tensor (e.g. ggml-alloc, offloading, etc.)
-using llm_graph_cb = std::function<void(const llama_ubatch & ubatch, ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il)>;
-
-struct llm_graph_params {
-    ggml_context * ctx;
-
-    const llm_arch arch;
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-    const llama_ubatch  & ubatch;
-
-    ggml_backend_sched_t sched;
-    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu;
-
-    const llama_adapter_cvec  * cvec;
-    const llama_adapter_loras * loras;
-    const llama_memory_i      * memory;
-    const llama_cross         * cross;
-
-    int32_t n_outputs;
-
-    const llm_graph_cb & cb;
-};
-
-struct llm_graph_context {
-    const llm_arch arch;
-
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-    const llama_cparams & cparams;
-    const llama_ubatch  & ubatch;
-
-    const int64_t n_embd;
-    const int64_t n_layer;
-    const int64_t n_rot;
-    const int64_t n_ctx;       // user-specified context size (can be different from n_ctx_train)
-    const int64_t n_ctx_per_seq;
-    const int64_t n_head;
-    const int64_t n_head_kv;
-    const int64_t n_embd_head_k;
-    const int64_t n_embd_k_gqa;
-    const int64_t n_embd_head_v;
-    const int64_t n_embd_v_gqa;
-    const int64_t n_expert;
-    const int64_t n_expert_used;
-
-    const float freq_base;
-    const float freq_scale;
-    const float ext_factor;
-    const float attn_factor;
-    const float beta_fast;
-    const float beta_slow;
-    const float norm_eps;
-    const float norm_rms_eps;
-
-    const int32_t n_tokens;
-    const int32_t n_outputs;
-    const int32_t n_ctx_orig; // yarn
-
-    const enum llama_pooling_type pooling_type;
-    const enum llama_rope_type    rope_type;
-
-    ggml_context * ctx0 = nullptr;
-
-    ggml_backend_sched_t sched;
-
-    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu; // TODO: needed by build_attn_mha, figure out a way to remove?
-
-    const llama_adapter_cvec  * cvec;
-    const llama_adapter_loras * loras;
-    const llama_memory_i      * memory;
-    const llama_cross         * cross;
-
-    const llm_graph_cb & cb_func;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<llm_graph_result> res;
-
-    llm_graph_context(const llm_graph_params & params);
-
-    int64_t n_pos_per_embd() const;
-
-    void cb(ggml_tensor * cur, const char * name, int il) const;
-
-    //
-    // common
-    //
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_cvec(
-             ggml_tensor * cur,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    // do mat_mul, while optionally apply lora
-    ggml_tensor * build_lora_mm(
-              ggml_tensor * w,
-              ggml_tensor * cur) const;
-
-    // do mat_mul_id, while optionally apply lora
-    ggml_tensor * build_lora_mm_id(
-              ggml_tensor * w,   // ggml_tensor * as
-              ggml_tensor * cur, // ggml_tensor * b
-              ggml_tensor * ids) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_norm(
-             ggml_tensor * cur,
-             ggml_tensor * mw,
-             ggml_tensor * mb,
-           llm_norm_type   type,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_ffn(
-             ggml_tensor * cur,
-             ggml_tensor * up,
-             ggml_tensor * up_b,
-             ggml_tensor * up_s,
-             ggml_tensor * gate,
-             ggml_tensor * gate_b,
-             ggml_tensor * gate_s,
-             ggml_tensor * down,
-             ggml_tensor * down_b,
-             ggml_tensor * down_s,
-             ggml_tensor * act_scales,
-         llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
-       llm_ffn_gate_type   type_gate,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_moe_ffn(
-             ggml_tensor * cur,
-             ggml_tensor * gate_inp,
-             ggml_tensor * up_exps,
-             ggml_tensor * gate_exps,
-             ggml_tensor * down_exps,
-             ggml_tensor * exp_probs_b,
-                 int64_t   n_expert,
-                 int64_t   n_expert_used,
-         llm_ffn_op_type   type_op,
-                    bool   norm_w,
-                    bool   scale_w,
-                   float   w_scale,
-            llama_expert_gating_func_type gating_op,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    //
-    // inputs
-    //
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_embd(ggml_tensor * tok_embd) const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_pos() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_attn_scale() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_out_ids() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_mean() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_cls() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_s_copy() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_s_mask() const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_cross_embd() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_pos_bucket_enc() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_inp_pos_bucket_dec() const;
-    ggml_tensor * build_pos_bias(ggml_tensor * pos_bucket, ggml_tensor * attn_rel_b) const;
-
-    //
-    // attention
-    //
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_attn_mha(
-             ggml_cgraph * gf,
-             ggml_tensor * q,     // [n_embd_head_q, n_tokens, n_head_q]
-             ggml_tensor * k,     // [n_embd_head_k, n_tokens, n_head_k]
-             ggml_tensor * v,     // [n_embd_head_v, n_tokens, n_head_v] (v_trans == false)
-             ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-             ggml_tensor * kq_mask,
-             ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
-                    bool   v_trans,
-                   float   kq_scale) const;
-
-    llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * build_attn_inp_no_cache() const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * wo,
-            ggml_tensor * wo_b,
-            ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-            ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
-                  float   kq_scale,
-                    int   il) const;
-
-    llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * build_attn_inp_kv_unified() const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * wo,
-            ggml_tensor * wo_b,
-            ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-            ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
-                  float   kq_scale,
-                    int   il) const;
-
-    llm_graph_input_attn_cross * build_attn_inp_cross() const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_attn(
-            llm_graph_input_attn_cross * inp,
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * wo,
-            ggml_tensor * wo_b,
-            ggml_tensor * q_cur, // [n_embd_head_q, n_head_q, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * k_cur, // [n_embd_head_k, n_head_k, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * v_cur, // [n_embd_head_v, n_head_v, n_tokens]
-            ggml_tensor * kq_b,
-            ggml_tensor * v_mla, // [n_embd_head_v_mla, n_embd_head_v, n_head_v]
-                  float   kq_scale,
-                    int   il) const;
-
-    //
-    // recurrent
-    //
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_copy_mask_state(
-             ggml_cgraph * gf,
-             ggml_tensor * s,
-             ggml_tensor * state_copy,
-             ggml_tensor * state_mask,
-                 int32_t   n_state,
-                 int32_t   n_seqs) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv_token_shift_load(
-             ggml_cgraph * gf,
-             ggml_tensor * state_copy,
-             ggml_tensor * state_mask,
-      const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rwkv_token_shift_store(
-             ggml_tensor * token_shift,
-      const llama_ubatch & ubatch,
-                     int   il) const;
-
-    //
-    // pooling
-    //
-
-    void build_pooling(
-            ggml_cgraph * gf,
-            ggml_tensor * cls,
-            ggml_tensor * cls_b,
-            ggml_tensor * cls_out,
-            ggml_tensor * cls_out_b) const;
-};
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-hparams.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-hparams.cpp
@ -2,6 +2,8 @@

 #include "ggml.h"

+#include <algorithm>
+
 uint32_t llama_hparams::n_head(uint32_t il) const {
    if (il < n_layer) {
        return n_head_arr[il];
@ -78,10 +80,6 @@ bool llama_hparams::n_bskcn(uint32_t n, uint32_t il) const {
    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
 }

-bool llama_hparams::is_swa(uint32_t il) const {
-    if (il < n_layer) {
-        return n_swa > 0 && n_swa_pattern > 0 && il % n_swa_pattern < (n_swa_pattern - 1);
-    }
-
-    GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-}
+bool llama_hparams::cross_attention_layers(uint32_t il) const {
+    return std::find(cross_attn_layers.begin(), cross_attn_layers.end(), il) != cross_attn_layers.end();
+}
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-hparams.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-hparams.h
@ -36,16 +36,12 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    uint32_t n_layer;
    uint32_t n_rot;
    uint32_t n_swa = 0; // sliding window attention (SWA)
-    uint32_t n_swa_pattern = 1; // by default, all layers use non-sliding-window attention
    uint32_t n_embd_head_k; // dimension of keys (d_k). d_q is assumed to be the same, but there are n_head q heads, and only n_head_kv k-v heads
    uint32_t n_embd_head_v; // dimension of values (d_v) aka n_embd_head
    uint32_t n_expert = 0;
    uint32_t n_expert_used = 0;
    uint32_t n_rel_attn_bkts = 0;
-
-    // note: deepseek2 using MLA converts into MQA with larger heads, then decompresses to MHA
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_k_mla = 0;
-    uint32_t n_embd_head_v_mla = 0;
+    uint32_t n_vocab = 0;

    // for WavTokenizer
    struct llama_hparams_posnet   posnet;
@ -56,6 +52,7 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> n_ff_arr;

    std::array<std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS>, 4> n_bskcn_arr = {};
+    std::array<uint32_t, LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS> cross_attn_layers;

    uint32_t n_layer_dense_lead = 0;
    uint32_t n_lora_q           = 0;
@ -68,7 +65,6 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    float    expert_weights_scale = 0.0;
    bool     expert_weights_norm  = false;
    uint32_t expert_gating_func   = LLAMA_EXPERT_GATING_FUNC_TYPE_NONE;
-    uint32_t moe_every_n_layers   = 0;

    float f_norm_eps;
    float f_norm_rms_eps;
@ -83,16 +79,10 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    uint32_t time_decay_extra_dim   = 0;
    uint32_t wkv_head_size          = 0;
    uint32_t token_shift_count      = 2;
-    uint32_t n_lora_decay           = 0;
-    uint32_t n_lora_iclr            = 0;
-    uint32_t n_lora_value_res_mix   = 0;
-    uint32_t n_lora_gate            = 0;

    float    rope_attn_factor = 1.0f;
    float    rope_freq_base_train;
-    float    rope_freq_base_train_swa;
    float    rope_freq_scale_train;
-    float    rope_freq_scale_train_swa;
    uint32_t n_ctx_orig_yarn;
    float    rope_yarn_log_mul;

@ -119,14 +109,6 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    bool use_alibi     = false;
    bool attn_soft_cap = false;

-    uint32_t n_moe_layer_step        = 0;
-    bool     use_kq_norm             = true;
-    uint32_t n_attn_chunk            = 0;
-    // values below seems to be fixed on llama4
-    uint32_t n_no_rope_layer_step    = 4;
-    uint32_t n_attn_temp_floor_scale = 8192;
-    float    f_attn_temp_scale       = 0.1;
-
    // needed by encoder-decoder models (e.g. T5, FLAN-T5)
    // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/8141
    llama_token dec_start_token_id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
@ -159,7 +141,8 @@ struct llama_hparams {
    // Block skip connection
    bool n_bskcn(uint32_t n, uint32_t il) const;

-    bool is_swa(uint32_t il) const;
+    // cross attention layers
+    bool cross_attention_layers(uint32_t il) const;
 };

 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<llama_hparams>::value, "llama_hparams must be trivially copyable");
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-io.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-io.cpp
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#include "llama-io.h"
-
-void llama_io_write_i::write_string(const std::string & str) {
-    uint32_t str_size = str.size();
-
-    write(&str_size,  sizeof(str_size));
-    write(str.data(), str_size);
-}
-
-void llama_io_read_i::read_string(std::string & str) {
-    uint32_t str_size;
-    read_to(&str_size, sizeof(str_size));
-
-    str.assign((const char *) read(str_size), str_size);
-}
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-io.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-io.h
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <string>
-
-struct ggml_tensor;
-
-class llama_io_write_i {
-public:
-    llama_io_write_i() = default;
-    virtual ~llama_io_write_i() = default;
-
-    virtual void write(const void * src, size_t size) = 0;
-    virtual void write_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) = 0;
-
-    // bytes written so far
-    virtual size_t n_bytes() = 0;
-
-    void write_string(const std::string & str);
-};
-
-class llama_io_read_i {
-public:
-    llama_io_read_i() = default;
-    virtual ~llama_io_read_i() = default;
-
-    virtual const uint8_t * read(size_t size) = 0;
-    virtual void read_to(void * dst, size_t size) = 0;
-
-    // bytes read so far
-    virtual size_t n_bytes() = 0;
-
-    void read_string(std::string & str);
-};
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp
--- a/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-kv-cache.h
+++ b/llama/llama.cpp/src/llama-kv-cache.h
@ -1,356 +1,41 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "llama.h"
-#include "llama-io.h"
-#include "llama-graph.h"
-#include "llama-memory.h"

 #include "ggml-cpp.h"

 #include <set>
 #include <vector>

-struct llama_cparams;
-struct llama_hparams;
-struct llama_ubatch;
-struct llama_sbatch;
-struct llama_model;
-struct llama_context;
+struct llama_kv_cell {
+    llama_pos pos   = -1;
+    llama_pos delta = 0;
+    int32_t   src   = -1; // used by recurrent state models to copy states
+    int32_t   tail  = -1;

-struct llama_kv_cache : public llama_memory_i {
-    virtual ~llama_kv_cache() = default;
+    std::set<llama_seq_id> seq_id;

-    // call if batch processing fails - restores the cache state
-    virtual void restore() = 0;
-
-    // call after successful batch processing - clears any pending state
-    virtual void commit()  = 0;
-
-    // process any pending defrag/shift/etc. operations
-    // optionally call once before processing a new batch
-    virtual bool update(llama_context & lctx) = 0;
-
-    // schedule a defrag if the fragmentation threshold is exceeded. otherwise, do nothing
-    virtual void defrag_sched(float thold) = 0;
-
-    // simulate full cache, used for allocating worst-case compute buffers
-    virtual void set_full() = 0;
-
-    //
-    // batch processing
-    //
-
-    virtual llama_sbatch sbatch_init(const llama_batch & batch, bool logits_all) = 0;
-
-    // different KV caches require different batch splitting strategies
-    virtual llama_ubatch ubatch_next(llama_sbatch & sbatch, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_pooled) const = 0;
-
-    // find an empty slot of size "n_tokens" in the cache
-    virtual bool find_slot(const llama_ubatch & batch) = 0;
-
-    // getters
-    virtual int32_t   get_n_tokens()   const = 0;
-    virtual int32_t   get_used_cells() const = 0; // TODO: remove, this is too-specific to the unified cache
-    virtual llama_pos get_pos_max()    const = 0;
-    virtual bool      get_can_shift()  const = 0;
-
-    bool get_can_edit() const override { return get_can_shift(); }
-
-    //
-    // state write/read
-    //
-
-    virtual void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const = 0;
-    virtual void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) = 0;
-};
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_guard
-//
-
-struct llama_kv_cache_guard {
-    llama_kv_cache_guard(llama_kv_cache * kv) : kv(kv) {}
-
-    ~llama_kv_cache_guard() {
-        kv->restore();
+    bool has_seq_id(const llama_seq_id & id) const {
+        return seq_id.find(id) != seq_id.end();
    }

-    void commit() {
-        kv->commit();
+    bool is_empty() const {
+        return seq_id.empty();
    }

-private:
-    llama_kv_cache * kv;
-};
- 
-// block of KV slots to move when defragging
-struct llama_kv_defrag_move {
-    uint32_t src;
-    uint32_t dst;
-    uint32_t len;
+    bool is_same_seq(const llama_kv_cell & other) const {
+        return seq_id == other.seq_id;
+    }
 };

-//
-// llama_kv_cache_unified
-//
-
-// TODO: add notion of max sequences
-class llama_kv_cache_unified : public llama_kv_cache {
-public:
-    struct kv_cell {
-        llama_pos pos   = -1;
-        llama_pos delta =  0;
-
-        std::set<llama_seq_id> seq_id;
-
-        bool has_seq_id(const llama_seq_id & id) const {
-            return seq_id.find(id) != seq_id.end();
-        }
-
-        bool is_empty() const {
-            return seq_id.empty();
-        }
-
-        bool is_same_seq(const kv_cell & other) const {
-            return seq_id == other.seq_id;
-        }
-    };
-
-    static uint32_t get_padding(const llama_cparams & cparams);
-
-    llama_kv_cache_unified(
-            const llama_model & model,
-                    ggml_type   type_k,
-                    ggml_type   type_v,
-                         bool   v_trans,
-                         bool   offload,
-                     uint32_t   kv_size,
-                     uint32_t   padding);
-
-    ~llama_kv_cache_unified() = default;
-
-    //
-    // llama_memory_i
-    //
-
-    void clear() override;
-
-    bool seq_rm  (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_cp  (llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) override;
-    void seq_add (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos delta) override;
-    void seq_div (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) override;
-
-    llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
-
-    //
-    // llama_kv_cache
-    //
-
-    void restore() override;
-    void commit()  override;
-
-    bool update(llama_context & ctx) override;
-
-    void defrag_sched(float thold) override;
-
-    void set_full() override;
-
-    llama_sbatch sbatch_init(const llama_batch & batch, bool logits_all) override;
-
-    llama_ubatch ubatch_next(llama_sbatch & sbatch, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_pooled) const override;
-
-    // updates the cache head
-    // Note: On success, it's important that cache.head points
-    // to the first cell of the slot.
-    bool find_slot(const llama_ubatch & batch) override;
-
-    int32_t get_n_tokens()   const override;
-    int32_t get_used_cells() const override;
-
-    // TODO: better data structures to reduce the cost of this operation
-    llama_pos get_pos_max() const override;
-
-    bool get_can_shift() const override;
-
-    // state write/load
-
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) override;
-
-    // Note: The value of head isn't only used to optimize searching
-    // for a free KV slot. llama_decode_impl also uses it, so it
-    // cannot be freely changed after a slot has been allocated.
-    uint32_t head = 0;
-    uint32_t size = 0;
-    uint32_t used = 0; // used cells (i.e. at least one seq_id)
-
-    // computed before each graph build
-    uint32_t n = 0;
-
-    std::vector<kv_cell> cells;
-
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> k_l; // per layer
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> v_l;
-
-private:
-    const llama_model & model;
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-
+// ring-buffer of cached KV data
+struct llama_kv_cache {
    bool has_shift = false;
    bool do_defrag = false;
-
+    bool recurrent = false; // with recurrent state models, a cell can hold the state for more than one past token
    bool v_trans   = true;  // the value tensor is transposed
    bool can_shift = false;

-    // required padding
-    uint32_t padding = 1;
-
-    ggml_type type_k = GGML_TYPE_F16;
-    ggml_type type_v = GGML_TYPE_F16;
-
-    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr>        ctxs;
-    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
-
-    // defrag
-    struct {
-        std::vector<llama_kv_defrag_move> moves;
-    } defrag_info;
-
-    // return true if cells have been moved
-    bool defrag_prepare(int32_t n_max_nodes);
-
-    // commit/restore cache
-    struct slot_range {
-        uint32_t c0 = 0; // note: these are cell indices, not sequence positions
-        uint32_t c1 = 0;
-    };
-
-    // pending cell updates that are not yet committed
-    struct {
-        std::vector<slot_range> ranges;
-    } pending;
-
-    // find how many cells are currently in use
-    uint32_t cell_max() const;
-
-    size_t total_size() const;
-
-    size_t size_k_bytes() const;
-    size_t size_v_bytes() const;
-
-    ggml_tensor * build_rope_shift(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_tensor * cur,
-                    ggml_tensor * shift,
-                    ggml_tensor * factors,
-                          float   freq_base,
-                          float   freq_scale) const;
-
-    llm_graph_result_ptr build_graph_shift(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_cgraph * gf) const;
-
-    llm_graph_result_ptr build_graph_defrag(
-            const llama_cparams & cparams,
-                   ggml_context * ctx,
-                    ggml_cgraph * gf,
-                    const std::vector<llama_kv_defrag_move> & moves) const;
-
-    void state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const;
-    void state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges) const;
-
-    bool state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id = -1);
-    bool state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count);
-};
-
-//
-// llama_kv_cache_recurrent
-//
-
-class llama_kv_cache_recurrent : public llama_kv_cache {
-public:
-    struct kv_cell {
-        llama_pos pos  = -1;
-        int32_t   src  = -1; // used to copy states
-        int32_t   tail = -1;
-
-        std::set<llama_seq_id> seq_id;
-
-        bool has_seq_id(const llama_seq_id & id) const {
-            return seq_id.find(id) != seq_id.end();
-        }
-
-        bool is_empty() const {
-            return seq_id.empty();
-        }
-
-        bool is_same_seq(const kv_cell & other) const {
-            return seq_id == other.seq_id;
-        }
-    };
-
-    llama_kv_cache_recurrent(
-            const llama_model & model,
-                    ggml_type   type_k,
-                    ggml_type   type_v,
-                         bool   offload,
-                     uint32_t   kv_size);
-
-    ~llama_kv_cache_recurrent() = default;
-
-    //
-    // llama_memory_i
-    //
-
-    void clear() override;
-
-    bool seq_rm  (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_cp  (llama_seq_id seq_id_src, llama_seq_id seq_id_dst, llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1) override;
-    void seq_keep(llama_seq_id seq_id) override;
-    void seq_add (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, llama_pos delta) override;
-    void seq_div (llama_seq_id seq_id,                              llama_pos p0, llama_pos p1, int d) override;
-
-    llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
-
-    //
-    // llama_kv_cache
-    //
-
-    void restore() override;
-    void commit()  override;
-
-    bool update(llama_context & lctx) override;
-
-    void defrag_sched(float thold) override;
-
-    void set_full() override;
-
-    llama_sbatch sbatch_init(const llama_batch & batch, bool logits_all) override;
-
-    llama_ubatch ubatch_next(llama_sbatch & sbatch, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_pooled) const override;
-
-    bool find_slot(const llama_ubatch & batch) override;
-
-    int32_t get_n_tokens()   const override;
-    int32_t get_used_cells() const override;
-
-    // TODO: better data structures to reduce the cost of this operation
-    llama_pos get_pos_max() const override;
-
-    bool get_can_shift() const override;
-
-    // TODO: temporary methods - they are not really const as they do const_cast<>, fix this
-    int32_t s_copy(int i) const;
-    float   s_mask(int i) const;
-
-    // state write/load
-
-    void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const override;
-    void state_read (llama_io_read_i  & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) override;
-
    // Note: The value of head isn't only used to optimize searching
    // for a free KV slot. llama_decode_impl also uses it, so it
    // cannot be freely changed after a slot has been allocated.
@ -361,53 +46,173 @@ public:
    // computed before each graph build
    uint32_t n = 0;

-    std::vector<kv_cell> cells;
-
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> k_l; // per layer
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> v_l;
-
-private:
-    //const llama_model & model;
-    const llama_hparams & hparams;
-
-    // commit/restore cache
-    // TODO: rework for recurrent cache
-    struct slot_range {
-        uint32_t c0 = 0; // note: these are cell indices, not sequence positions
-        uint32_t c1 = 0;
-    };
-
-    // pending cell updates that are not yet committed
-    struct {
-        std::vector<slot_range> ranges;
-    } pending;
-
    ggml_type type_k = GGML_TYPE_F16;
    ggml_type type_v = GGML_TYPE_F16;

-    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr>        ctxs;
+    std::vector<llama_kv_cell> cells;
+
+    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor *> k_l; // per layer
+    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor *> v_l;
+
+    std::vector<ggml_context_ptr> ctxs;
    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;

-    // find how many cells are currently in use
-    uint32_t cell_max() const;
+    size_t total_size() const {
+        size_t size = 0;
+        for (const auto & buf : bufs) {
+            size += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf.get());
+        }

-    size_t total_size() const;
+        return size;
+    }

-    size_t size_k_bytes() const;
-    size_t size_v_bytes() const;
+    // TODO: better data structures to reduce the cost of this operation
+    llama_pos max_pos() const {
+        llama_pos max_pos = -1;
+        for (const auto & cell : cells) {
+            max_pos = std::max(max_pos, cell.pos);
+        }

-    void state_write_meta(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1) const;
-    void state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> & cell_ranges) const;
-
-    bool state_read_meta(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count, llama_seq_id dest_seq_id = -1);
-    bool state_read_data(llama_io_read_i & io, uint32_t cell_count);
+        return max_pos;
+    }
 };

+// a structure holds information about the slot found in llama_kv_cache_find_slot
+struct llama_kv_cache_slot_info {
+    std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t> boundaries; // slot boundaries [begin, end)
+    bool found = false;                       // the slot was found
+
+    explicit llama_kv_cache_slot_info(bool found_) : found{found_} {}
+    llama_kv_cache_slot_info(uint32_t begin, uint32_t end) : boundaries{begin, end}, found{true} {}
+
+    operator bool() const { return found; }
+};
+
+// TODO: maybe not needed
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache_get_padding(const struct llama_cparams & cparams);
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_init(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+            const llama_model & model,
+          const llama_cparams & cparams,
+                    ggml_type   type_k,
+                    ggml_type   type_v,
+                     uint32_t   kv_size,
+                         bool   offload);
+
+// find an empty slot of size "n_tokens" in the cache
+// updates the cache head
+// returns a structure holding information about the slot found
+// Note: On success, it's important that cache.head points
+// to the first cell of the slot.
+struct llama_kv_cache_slot_info llama_kv_cache_find_slot(
+           struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+       const struct llama_ubatch & batch);
+
+// find how many cells are currently in use
+uint32_t llama_kv_cache_cell_max(const struct llama_kv_cache & cache);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_clear(struct llama_kv_cache & cache);
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id,
+                    llama_pos   p0,
+                    llama_pos   p1);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_seq_cp(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id_src,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id_dst,
+                    llama_pos   p0,
+                    llama_pos   p1);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_seq_keep(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_seq_add(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id,
+                    llama_pos   p0,
+                    llama_pos   p1,
+                    llama_pos   delta);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_seq_div(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id,
+                    llama_pos   p0,
+                    llama_pos   p1,
+                          int   d);
+
+llama_pos llama_kv_cache_seq_pos_max(
+        struct llama_kv_cache & cache,
+                 llama_seq_id   seq_id);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_defrag(struct llama_kv_cache & cache);
+
+int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_token_count(const struct llama_kv_cache & kv);
+
+int32_t llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(const struct llama_kv_cache & kv);
+
+bool llama_kv_cache_can_shift(const struct llama_kv_cache & kv);

 //
 // kv cache view
 //

-llama_kv_cache_view llama_kv_cache_view_init(const llama_kv_cache & kv, int32_t n_seq_max);
+struct llama_kv_cache_view llama_kv_cache_view_init(const struct llama_kv_cache & kv, int32_t n_seq_max);
+
+void llama_kv_cache_view_update(struct llama_kv_cache_view * view, const struct llama_kv_cache & kv);
+
+//
+// kv cache restore
+//
+
+// saves the kv_cache state for future recovery.
+// used to rollback llama_kv_cache_find_slot changes.
+struct llama_kv_slot_restorer {
+    struct llama_kv_cache_state {
+        uint32_t head = 0;
+        uint32_t n    = 0;
+    } old_state;
+
+    // for non-recurrent models only
+    // list of slots to restore
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, uint32_t>> slot_boundaries;
+
+    bool do_restore = false;
+
+    explicit llama_kv_slot_restorer(const struct llama_kv_cache & cache) {
+        old_state.head = cache.head;
+        old_state.n    = cache.n;
+    }
+
+    // saves a slot information for future restoration
+    void save(const struct llama_kv_cache_slot_info & slot) {
+        if (slot) {
+            do_restore = true;
+            if (slot.boundaries.first != slot.boundaries.second) {
+                slot_boundaries.push_back(slot.boundaries);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // must be explicitly called to restore the kv_cache state
+    // and rollback changes from all llama_kv_cache_find_slot calls
+    void restore(struct llama_kv_cache & cache) {
+        if (do_restore) {
+            cache.head = old_state.head;
+            cache.n    = old_state.n;
+
+            if (cache.recurrent) { // recurrent models like Mamba or RWKV can't have a state partially erased
+                llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(cache, -1, -1, -1);
+            } else {
+                for (auto & slot : slot_boundaries) {
+                    llama_kv_cache_seq_rm(cache, -1, slot.first, slot.second);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};

-void llama_kv_cache_view_update(llama_kv_cache_view * view, const llama_kv_cache * kv);
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More