Merge pull request #10427 from esphome/bump-2025.8.1

2025.8.1

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.12.9
+    rev: v0.12.8
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.9.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.8.1
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
         from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
 
         return run_logs(config, addresses_to_use)
-    if get_port_type(port) == "MQTT" and "mqtt" in config:
+    if get_port_type(port) in ("NETWORK", "MQTT") and "mqtt" in config:
         from esphome import mqtt
 
         return mqtt.show_logs(

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA,
 )
 async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
     cg.add(var.set_service("esphome.tag_scanned"))

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -289,26 +289,16 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
     return 0;  // Doesn't fit
   }
 
+  // Allocate buffer space - pass payload size, allocation functions add header/footer space
+  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer = is_single ? conn->allocate_single_message_buffer(calculated_size)
+                                      : conn->allocate_batch_message_buffer(calculated_size);
+
   // Get buffer size after allocation (which includes header padding)
   std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-
-  if (is_single || conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
-    // Single message or first batch message
-    conn->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, total_calculated_size);
-    if (conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
-      conn->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
-    }
-  } else {
-    // Batch message second or later
-    // Add padding for previous message footer + this message header
-    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
-    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + total_calculated_size);
-    shared_buf.resize(current_size + footer_size + header_padding);
-  }
+  size_t size_before_encode = shared_buf.size();
 
   // Encode directly into buffer
-  size_t size_before_encode = shared_buf.size();
-  msg.encode({&shared_buf});
+  msg.encode(buffer);
 
   // Calculate actual encoded size (not including header that was already added)
   size_t actual_payload_size = shared_buf.size() - size_before_encode;
@@ -465,9 +455,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   resp.cold_white = values.get_cold_white();
   resp.warm_white = values.get_warm_white();
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
-    // get_effect_name() returns temporary std::string - must store it
-    std::string effect_name = light->get_effect_name();
-    resp.set_effect(StringRef(effect_name));
+    resp.set_effect(light->get_effect_name_ref());
   }
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(light, resp, LightStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
@@ -1425,9 +1413,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
   static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
   resp.set_esphome_version(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
 
-  // get_compilation_time() returns temporary std::string - must store it
-  std::string compilation_time = App.get_compilation_time();
-  resp.set_compilation_time(StringRef(compilation_time));
+  resp.set_compilation_time(App.get_compilation_time_ref());
 
   // Compile-time StringRef constants for manufacturers
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
@@ -1630,6 +1616,14 @@ bool APIConnection::schedule_batch_() {
   return true;
 }
 
+ProtoWriteBuffer APIConnection::allocate_single_message_buffer(uint16_t size) { return this->create_buffer(size); }
+
+ProtoWriteBuffer APIConnection::allocate_batch_message_buffer(uint16_t size) {
+  ProtoWriteBuffer result = this->prepare_message_buffer(size, this->flags_.batch_first_message);
+  this->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
+  return result;
+}
+
 void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
   // Ensure PacketInfo remains trivially destructible for our placement new approach
   static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<PacketInfo>::value,
@@ -1737,7 +1731,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     }
     remaining_size -= payload_size;
     // Calculate where the next message's header padding will start
-    // Current buffer size + footer space for this message
+    // Current buffer size + footer space (that prepare_message_buffer will add for this message)
     current_offset = shared_buf.size() + footer_size;
   }
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -252,21 +252,44 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 
     // Get header padding size - used for both reserve and insert
     uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+
     // Get shared buffer from parent server
     std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding,
-                                       reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
-    return {&shared_buf};
-  }
-
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
     shared_buf.clear();
     // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
     // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
     // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
-    shared_buf.reserve(total_size);
+    shared_buf.reserve(reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
     // Resize to add header padding so message encoding starts at the correct position
     shared_buf.resize(header_padding);
+    return {&shared_buf};
+  }
+
+  // Prepare buffer for next message in batch
+  ProtoWriteBuffer prepare_message_buffer(uint16_t message_size, bool is_first_message) {
+    // Get reference to shared buffer (it maintains state between batch messages)
+    std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+
+    if (is_first_message) {
+      shared_buf.clear();
+    }
+
+    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
+
+    // Calculate padding to add:
+    // - First message: just header padding
+    // - Subsequent messages: footer for previous message + header padding for this message
+    size_t padding_to_add = is_first_message
+                                ? this->helper_->frame_header_padding()
+                                : this->helper_->frame_header_padding() + this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
+
+    // Reserve space for padding + message
+    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + padding_to_add + message_size);
+
+    // Resize to add the padding bytes
+    shared_buf.resize(current_size + padding_to_add);
+
+    return {&shared_buf};
   }
 
   bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space);
@@ -274,6 +297,10 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 
   std::string get_client_combined_info() const { return this->client_info_.get_combined_info(); }
 
+  // Buffer allocator methods for batch processing
+  ProtoWriteBuffer allocate_single_message_buffer(uint16_t size);
+  ProtoWriteBuffer allocate_batch_message_buffer(uint16_t size);
+
  protected:
   // Helper function to handle authentication completion
   void complete_authentication_();

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer
 
   for (const auto &packet : packets) {
     // Calculate varint sizes for header layout
-    uint8_t size_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(packet.payload_size);
-    uint8_t type_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(packet.message_type);
+    uint8_t size_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(packet.payload_size));
+    uint8_t type_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(packet.message_type));
     uint8_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
 
     // Calculate where to start writing the header
@@ -271,8 +271,9 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer
     buf_start[header_offset] = 0x00;  // indicator
 
     // Encode varints directly into buffer
-    encode_varint_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1, packet.payload_size);
-    encode_varint_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len, packet.message_type);
+    ProtoVarInt(packet.payload_size).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1, size_varint_len);
+    ProtoVarInt(packet.message_type)
+        .encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len, type_varint_len);
 
     // Add iovec for this packet (header + payload)
     size_t packet_len = static_cast<size_t>(total_header_len + packet.payload_size);

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -124,6 +124,34 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
     // with ZigZag encoding
     return decode_zigzag64(this->value_);
   }
+  /**
+   * Encode the varint value to a pre-allocated buffer without bounds checking.
+   *
+   * @param buffer The pre-allocated buffer to write the encoded varint to
+   * @param len The size of the buffer in bytes
+   *
+   * @note The caller is responsible for ensuring the buffer is large enough
+   *       to hold the encoded value. Use ProtoSize::varint() to calculate
+   *       the exact size needed before calling this method.
+   * @note No bounds checking is performed for performance reasons.
+   */
+  void encode_to_buffer_unchecked(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len) {
+    uint64_t val = this->value_;
+    if (val <= 0x7F) {
+      buffer[0] = val;
+      return;
+    }
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (val && i < len) {
+      uint8_t temp = val & 0x7F;
+      val >>= 7;
+      if (val) {
+        buffer[i++] = temp | 0x80;
+      } else {
+        buffer[i++] = temp;
+      }
+    }
+  }
   void encode(std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
     uint64_t val = this->value_;
     if (val <= 0x7F) {
@@ -302,28 +330,6 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer_;
 };
 
-/**
- * @brief Encode a uint16_t value as a varint directly to a buffer without bounds checking
- *
- * @param buffer The pre-allocated buffer to write the encoded varint to
- * @param value The uint16_t value to encode (0-65535)
- *
- * @note The caller is responsible for ensuring the buffer is large enough (max 3 bytes for uint16_t)
- * @note No bounds checking is performed for performance reasons
- */
-inline void encode_varint_unchecked(uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t value) {
-  if (value < 128) {
-    buffer[0] = value;
-  } else if (value < 16384) {
-    buffer[0] = (value & 0x7F) | 0x80;
-    buffer[1] = value >> 7;
-  } else {
-    buffer[0] = (value & 0x7F) | 0x80;
-    buffer[1] = ((value >> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80;
-    buffer[2] = value >> 14;
-  }
-}
-
 // Forward declaration
 class ProtoSize;
 
@@ -380,33 +386,6 @@ class ProtoSize {
 
   uint32_t get_size() const { return total_size_; }
 
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint8_t value as a varint
-   *
-   * @param value The uint8_t value to calculate size for
-   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value (1 or 2)
-   */
-  static constexpr uint8_t varint(uint8_t value) {
-    // For uint8_t (0-255), we need at most 2 bytes
-    return (value < 128) ? 1 : 2;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint16_t value as a varint
-   *
-   * @param value The uint16_t value to calculate size for
-   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value (1-3)
-   */
-  static constexpr uint8_t varint(uint16_t value) {
-    // For uint16_t (0-65535), we need at most 3 bytes
-    if (value < 128)
-      return 1;  // 7 bits
-    else if (value < 16384)
-      return 2;  // 14 bits
-    else
-      return 3;  // 15-16 bits
-  }
-
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
    *
@@ -416,9 +395,11 @@ class ProtoSize {
   static constexpr uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
     // Optimized varint size calculation using leading zeros
     // Each 7 bits requires one byte in the varint encoding
-    if (value < 128) {
+    if (value < 128)
       return 1;  // 7 bits, common case for small values
-    } else if (value < 16384) {
+
+    // For larger values, count bytes needed based on the position of the highest bit set
+    if (value < 16384) {
       return 2;  // 14 bits
     } else if (value < 2097152) {
       return 3;  // 21 bits
@@ -792,7 +773,7 @@ inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessa
   this->buffer_->resize(this->buffer_->size() + varint_length_bytes);
 
   // Write the length varint directly
-  encode_varint_unchecked(this->buffer_->data() + begin, static_cast<uint16_t>(msg_length_bytes));
+  ProtoVarInt(msg_length_bytes).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(this->buffer_->data() + begin, varint_length_bytes);
 
   // Now encode the message content - it will append to the buffer
   value.encode(*this);

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -382,20 +382,15 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO;
 // R/C registers can conly be cleared after the LastSPIData register is updated (register 78H)
 // Peakdetect period: 05H. Bit 15:8 are PeakDet_period in ms. 7:0 are Sag_period
 // Default is 143FH (20ms, 63ms)
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_transaction_(uint16_t a_register) {
+uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
+  this->enable();
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1us is plenty
   uint8_t addrh = (1 << 7) | ((a_register >> 8) & 0x03);
   uint8_t addrl = (a_register & 0xFF);
   uint8_t data[4] = {addrh, addrl, 0x00, 0x00};
   this->transfer_array(data, 4);
   uint16_t output = encode_uint16(data[2], data[3]);
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "read16_ 0x%04" PRIX16 " output 0x%04" PRIX16, a_register, output);
-  return output;
-}
-
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
-  this->enable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1us is plenty
-  uint16_t output = this->read16_transaction_(a_register);
   delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // allow the last clock to propagate before releasing CS
   this->disable();
   delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // meet minimum CS high time before next transaction
@@ -403,14 +398,8 @@ uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
 }
 
 int ATM90E32Component::read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l) {
-  this->enable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);
-  const uint16_t val_h = this->read16_transaction_(addr_h);
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);
-  const uint16_t val_l = this->read16_transaction_(addr_l);
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);
-  this->disable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);
+  const uint16_t val_h = this->read16_(addr_h);
+  const uint16_t val_l = this->read16_(addr_l);
   const int32_t val = (val_h << 16) | val_l;
 
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG,

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h

@@ -140,7 +140,6 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   number::Number *ref_currents_[3]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
 #endif
   uint16_t read16_(uint16_t a_register);
-  uint16_t read16_transaction_(uint16_t a_register);
   int read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l);
   void write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val, bool validate = true);
   float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -375,10 +375,19 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
 
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
-      this->reset_connection_(param->disconnect.reason);
+      // Don't reset connection yet - wait for CLOSE_EVT to ensure controller has freed resources
+      // This prevents race condition where we mark slot as free before controller cleanup is complete
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+               param->disconnect.reason);
+      // Send disconnection notification but don't free the slot yet
+      this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, param->disconnect.reason);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+               param->close.reason);
+      // Now the GATT connection is fully closed and controller resources are freed
+      // Safe to mark the connection slot as available
       this->reset_connection_(param->close.reason);
       break;
     }

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
 #include "deep_sleep_component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -83,7 +84,11 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
     }
     gpio_sleep_set_direction(gpio_pin, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
     gpio_hold_en(gpio_pin);
+#if !SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_HOLD_SINGLE_IO_IN_DSLP
+    // Some ESP32 variants support holding a single GPIO during deep sleep without this function
+    // For those variants, gpio_hold_en() is sufficient to hold the pin state during deep sleep
     gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en();
+#endif
     bool level = !this->wakeup_pin_->is_inverted();
     if (this->wakeup_pin_mode_ == WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_INVERT_WAKEUP && this->wakeup_pin_->digital_read()) {
       level = !level;
@@ -120,7 +125,11 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
     }
     gpio_sleep_set_direction(gpio_pin, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
     gpio_hold_en(gpio_pin);
+#if !SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_HOLD_SINGLE_IO_IN_DSLP
+    // Some ESP32 variants support holding a single GPIO during deep sleep without this function
+    // For those variants, gpio_hold_en() is sufficient to hold the pin state during deep sleep
     gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en();
+#endif
     bool level = !this->wakeup_pin_->is_inverted();
     if (this->wakeup_pin_mode_ == WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_INVERT_WAKEUP && this->wakeup_pin_->digital_read()) {
       level = !level;

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -824,8 +824,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
-    cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_ESP32_VARIANT_{config[CONF_VARIANT]}")
-    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", VARIANT_FRIENDLY[config[CONF_VARIANT]])
+    variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
+    cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_ESP32_VARIANT_{variant}")
+    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant])
     cg.add_define(ThreadModel.MULTI_ATOMICS)
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
@@ -859,6 +860,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_platformio_option(
             "platform_packages", ["espressif/toolchain-esp32ulp@2.35.0-20220830"]
         )
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_{variant}", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
             f"CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_{config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE]}", True
         )

esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
-#include <memory>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32 {
@@ -157,23 +156,20 @@ class ESP32Preferences : public ESPPreferences {
     return failed == 0;
   }
   bool is_changed(const uint32_t nvs_handle, const NVSData &to_save) {
+    NVSData stored_data{};
     size_t actual_len;
     esp_err_t err = nvs_get_blob(nvs_handle, to_save.key.c_str(), nullptr, &actual_len);
     if (err != 0) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "nvs_get_blob('%s'): %s - the key might not be set yet", to_save.key.c_str(), esp_err_to_name(err));
       return true;
     }
-    // Check size first before allocating memory
-    if (actual_len != to_save.data.size()) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    auto stored_data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(actual_len);
-    err = nvs_get_blob(nvs_handle, to_save.key.c_str(), stored_data.get(), &actual_len);
+    stored_data.data.resize(actual_len);
+    err = nvs_get_blob(nvs_handle, to_save.key.c_str(), stored_data.data.data(), &actual_len);
     if (err != 0) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "nvs_get_blob('%s') failed: %s", to_save.key.c_str(), esp_err_to_name(err));
       return true;
     }
-    return memcmp(to_save.data.data(), stored_data.get(), to_save.data.size()) != 0;
+    return to_save.data != stored_data.data;
   }
 
   bool reset() override {

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -280,6 +280,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
                 "CONFIG_BT_BLE_ESTAB_LINK_CONN_TOUT", timeout_seconds
             )
+            # Increase GATT client connection retry count for problematic devices
+            # Default in ESP-IDF is 3, we increase to 10 for better reliability with
+            # low-power/timing-sensitive devices
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CONNECT_RETRY_COUNT", 10)
 
         # Set the maximum number of notification registrations
         # This controls how many BLE characteristics can have notifications enabled

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
       case BLEEvent::GATTS: {
         esp_gatts_cb_event_t event = ble_event->event_.gatts.gatts_event;
         esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if = ble_event->event_.gatts.gatts_if;
-        esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param = ble_event->event_.gatts.gatts_param;
+        esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param = &ble_event->event_.gatts.gatts_param;
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gatts_event [esp_gatt_if: %d] - %d", gatts_if, event);
         for (auto *gatts_handler : this->gatts_event_handlers_) {
           gatts_handler->gatts_event_handler(event, gatts_if, param);
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
       case BLEEvent::GATTC: {
         esp_gattc_cb_event_t event = ble_event->event_.gattc.gattc_event;
         esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if = ble_event->event_.gattc.gattc_if;
-        esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param = ble_event->event_.gattc.gattc_param;
+        esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param = &ble_event->event_.gattc.gattc_param;
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gattc_event [esp_gatt_if: %d] - %d", gattc_if, event);
         for (auto *gattc_handler : this->gattc_event_handlers_) {
           gattc_handler->gattc_event_handler(event, gattc_if, param);

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h

@@ -61,10 +61,24 @@ static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, read_rssi_cmpl.rssi) == sizeof(es
 static_assert(offsetof(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t, read_rssi_cmpl.remote_addr) == sizeof(esp_bt_status_t) + sizeof(int8_t),
               "remote_addr must follow rssi in read_rssi_cmpl");
 
+// Param struct sizes on ESP32
+static constexpr size_t GATTC_PARAM_SIZE = 28;
+static constexpr size_t GATTS_PARAM_SIZE = 32;
+
+// Maximum size for inline storage of data
+// GATTC: 80 - 28 (param) - 8 (other fields) = 44 bytes for data
+// GATTS: 80 - 32 (param) - 8 (other fields) = 40 bytes for data
+static constexpr size_t GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE = 44;
+static constexpr size_t GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE = 40;
+
+// Verify param struct sizes
+static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t) == GATTC_PARAM_SIZE, "GATTC param size unexpected");
+static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t) == GATTS_PARAM_SIZE, "GATTS param size unexpected");
+
 // Received GAP, GATTC and GATTS events are only queued, and get processed in the main loop().
 // This class stores each event with minimal memory usage.
 // GAP events (99% of traffic) don't have the heap allocation overhead.
-// GATTC/GATTS events use heap allocation for their param and data.
+// GATTC/GATTS events use heap allocation for their param and inline storage for small data.
 //
 // Event flow:
 // 1. ESP-IDF BLE stack calls our static handlers in the BLE task context
@@ -111,21 +125,21 @@ class BLEEvent {
     this->init_gap_data_(e, p);
   }
 
-  // Constructor for GATTC events - uses heap allocation
-  // IMPORTANT: The heap allocation is REQUIRED and must not be removed as an optimization.
-  // The param pointer from ESP-IDF is only valid during the callback execution.
-  // Since BLE events are processed asynchronously in the main loop, we must create
-  // our own copy to ensure the data remains valid until the event is processed.
+  // Constructor for GATTC events - param stored inline, data may use heap
+  // IMPORTANT: We MUST copy the param struct because the pointer from ESP-IDF
+  // is only valid during the callback execution. Since BLE events are processed
+  // asynchronously in the main loop, we store our own copy inline to ensure
+  // the data remains valid until the event is processed.
   BLEEvent(esp_gattc_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *p) {
     this->type_ = GATTC;
     this->init_gattc_data_(e, i, p);
   }
 
-  // Constructor for GATTS events - uses heap allocation
-  // IMPORTANT: The heap allocation is REQUIRED and must not be removed as an optimization.
-  // The param pointer from ESP-IDF is only valid during the callback execution.
-  // Since BLE events are processed asynchronously in the main loop, we must create
-  // our own copy to ensure the data remains valid until the event is processed.
+  // Constructor for GATTS events - param stored inline, data may use heap
+  // IMPORTANT: We MUST copy the param struct because the pointer from ESP-IDF
+  // is only valid during the callback execution. Since BLE events are processed
+  // asynchronously in the main loop, we store our own copy inline to ensure
+  // the data remains valid until the event is processed.
   BLEEvent(esp_gatts_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *p) {
     this->type_ = GATTS;
     this->init_gatts_data_(e, i, p);
@@ -135,27 +149,32 @@ class BLEEvent {
   ~BLEEvent() { this->release(); }
 
   // Default constructor for pre-allocation in pool
-  BLEEvent() : type_(GAP) {}
+  BLEEvent() : event_{}, type_(GAP) {}
 
   // Invoked on return to EventPool - clean up any heap-allocated data
   void release() {
-    if (this->type_ == GAP) {
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this->type_ == GATTC) {
-      delete this->event_.gattc.gattc_param;
-      delete[] this->event_.gattc.data;
-      this->event_.gattc.gattc_param = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gattc.data = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gattc.data_len = 0;
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this->type_ == GATTS) {
-      delete this->event_.gatts.gatts_param;
-      delete[] this->event_.gatts.data;
-      this->event_.gatts.gatts_param = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gatts.data = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gatts.data_len = 0;
+    switch (this->type_) {
+      case GAP:
+        // GAP events don't have heap allocations
+        break;
+      case GATTC:
+        // Param is now stored inline, only delete heap data if it was heap-allocated
+        if (!this->event_.gattc.is_inline && this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
+          delete[] this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data;
+        }
+        // Clear critical fields to prevent issues if type changes
+        this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
+        this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
+        break;
+      case GATTS:
+        // Param is now stored inline, only delete heap data if it was heap-allocated
+        if (!this->event_.gatts.is_inline && this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
+          delete[] this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data;
+        }
+        // Clear critical fields to prevent issues if type changes
+        this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
+        this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
+        break;
     }
   }
 
@@ -207,22 +226,30 @@ class BLEEvent {
 
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
     struct gattc_event {
-      esp_gattc_cb_event_t gattc_event;
-      esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if;
-      esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *gattc_param;  // Heap-allocated
-      uint8_t *data;                          // Heap-allocated raw buffer (manually managed)
-      uint16_t data_len;                      // Track size separately
-    } gattc;
+      esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t gattc_param;  // Stored inline (28 bytes)
+      esp_gattc_cb_event_t gattc_event;      // 4 bytes
+      union {
+        uint8_t *heap_data;                           // 4 bytes when heap-allocated
+        uint8_t inline_data[GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE];  // 44 bytes when stored inline
+      } data;                                         // 44 bytes total
+      uint16_t data_len;                              // 2 bytes
+      esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if;                         // 1 byte
+      bool is_inline;                                 // 1 byte - true when data is stored inline
+    } gattc;                                          // Total: 80 bytes
 
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
     struct gatts_event {
-      esp_gatts_cb_event_t gatts_event;
-      esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if;
-      esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *gatts_param;  // Heap-allocated
-      uint8_t *data;                          // Heap-allocated raw buffer (manually managed)
-      uint16_t data_len;                      // Track size separately
-    } gatts;
-  } event_;  // 80 bytes
+      esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t gatts_param;  // Stored inline (32 bytes)
+      esp_gatts_cb_event_t gatts_event;      // 4 bytes
+      union {
+        uint8_t *heap_data;                           // 4 bytes when heap-allocated
+        uint8_t inline_data[GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE];  // 40 bytes when stored inline
+      } data;                                         // 40 bytes total
+      uint16_t data_len;                              // 2 bytes
+      esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if;                         // 1 byte
+      bool is_inline;                                 // 1 byte - true when data is stored inline
+    } gatts;                                          // Total: 80 bytes
+  } event_;                                           // 80 bytes
 
   ble_event_t type_;
 
@@ -236,6 +263,29 @@ class BLEEvent {
   const esp_ble_sec_t &security() const { return event_.gap.security; }
 
  private:
+  // Helper to copy data with inline storage optimization
+  template<typename EventStruct, size_t InlineSize>
+  void copy_data_with_inline_storage_(EventStruct &event, const uint8_t *src_data, uint16_t len,
+                                      uint8_t **param_value_ptr) {
+    event.data_len = len;
+    if (len > 0) {
+      if (len <= InlineSize) {
+        event.is_inline = true;
+        memcpy(event.data.inline_data, src_data, len);
+        *param_value_ptr = event.data.inline_data;
+      } else {
+        event.is_inline = false;
+        event.data.heap_data = new uint8_t[len];
+        memcpy(event.data.heap_data, src_data, len);
+        *param_value_ptr = event.data.heap_data;
+      }
+    } else {
+      event.is_inline = false;
+      event.data.heap_data = nullptr;
+      *param_value_ptr = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Initialize GAP event data
   void init_gap_data_(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t e, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *p) {
     this->event_.gap.gap_event = e;
@@ -320,48 +370,37 @@ class BLEEvent {
     this->event_.gattc.gattc_if = i;
 
     if (p == nullptr) {
-      this->event_.gattc.gattc_param = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gattc.data = nullptr;
+      // Zero out the param struct when null
+      memset(&this->event_.gattc.gattc_param, 0, sizeof(this->event_.gattc.gattc_param));
+      this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
+      this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
       this->event_.gattc.data_len = 0;
       return;  // Invalid event, but we can't log in header file
     }
 
-    // Heap-allocate param and data
-    // Heap allocation is used because GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events)
-    // while GAP events (99%) are stored inline to minimize memory usage
-    // IMPORTANT: This heap allocation provides clear ownership semantics:
-    // - The BLEEvent owns the allocated memory for its lifetime
-    // - The data remains valid from the BLE callback context until processed in the main loop
-    // - Without this copy, we'd have use-after-free bugs as ESP-IDF reuses the callback memory
-    this->event_.gattc.gattc_param = new esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t(*p);
+    // Copy param struct inline (no heap allocation!)
+    // GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events) but we can still store them inline
+    // along with small data payloads, eliminating all heap allocations for typical BLE operations
+    // CRITICAL: This copy is REQUIRED for memory safety - the ESP-IDF param pointer
+    // is only valid during the callback and will be reused/freed after we return
+    this->event_.gattc.gattc_param = *p;
 
     // Copy data for events that need it
     // The param struct contains pointers (e.g., notify.value) that point to temporary buffers.
     // We must copy this data to ensure it remains valid when the event is processed later.
     switch (e) {
       case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT:
-        this->event_.gattc.data_len = p->notify.value_len;
-        if (p->notify.value_len > 0) {
-          this->event_.gattc.data = new uint8_t[p->notify.value_len];
-          memcpy(this->event_.gattc.data, p->notify.value, p->notify.value_len);
-        } else {
-          this->event_.gattc.data = nullptr;
-        }
-        this->event_.gattc.gattc_param->notify.value = this->event_.gattc.data;
+        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gattc), GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
+            this->event_.gattc, p->notify.value, p->notify.value_len, &this->event_.gattc.gattc_param.notify.value);
         break;
       case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
       case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT:
-        this->event_.gattc.data_len = p->read.value_len;
-        if (p->read.value_len > 0) {
-          this->event_.gattc.data = new uint8_t[p->read.value_len];
-          memcpy(this->event_.gattc.data, p->read.value, p->read.value_len);
-        } else {
-          this->event_.gattc.data = nullptr;
-        }
-        this->event_.gattc.gattc_param->read.value = this->event_.gattc.data;
+        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gattc), GATTC_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
+            this->event_.gattc, p->read.value, p->read.value_len, &this->event_.gattc.gattc_param.read.value);
         break;
       default:
-        this->event_.gattc.data = nullptr;
+        this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
+        this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         this->event_.gattc.data_len = 0;
         break;
     }
@@ -373,37 +412,32 @@ class BLEEvent {
     this->event_.gatts.gatts_if = i;
 
     if (p == nullptr) {
-      this->event_.gatts.gatts_param = nullptr;
-      this->event_.gatts.data = nullptr;
+      // Zero out the param struct when null
+      memset(&this->event_.gatts.gatts_param, 0, sizeof(this->event_.gatts.gatts_param));
+      this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
+      this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
       this->event_.gatts.data_len = 0;
       return;  // Invalid event, but we can't log in header file
     }
 
-    // Heap-allocate param and data
-    // Heap allocation is used because GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events)
-    // while GAP events (99%) are stored inline to minimize memory usage
-    // IMPORTANT: This heap allocation provides clear ownership semantics:
-    // - The BLEEvent owns the allocated memory for its lifetime
-    // - The data remains valid from the BLE callback context until processed in the main loop
-    // - Without this copy, we'd have use-after-free bugs as ESP-IDF reuses the callback memory
-    this->event_.gatts.gatts_param = new esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t(*p);
+    // Copy param struct inline (no heap allocation!)
+    // GATTC/GATTS events are rare (<1% of events) but we can still store them inline
+    // along with small data payloads, eliminating all heap allocations for typical BLE operations
+    // CRITICAL: This copy is REQUIRED for memory safety - the ESP-IDF param pointer
+    // is only valid during the callback and will be reused/freed after we return
+    this->event_.gatts.gatts_param = *p;
 
     // Copy data for events that need it
     // The param struct contains pointers (e.g., write.value) that point to temporary buffers.
     // We must copy this data to ensure it remains valid when the event is processed later.
     switch (e) {
       case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT:
-        this->event_.gatts.data_len = p->write.len;
-        if (p->write.len > 0) {
-          this->event_.gatts.data = new uint8_t[p->write.len];
-          memcpy(this->event_.gatts.data, p->write.value, p->write.len);
-        } else {
-          this->event_.gatts.data = nullptr;
-        }
-        this->event_.gatts.gatts_param->write.value = this->event_.gatts.data;
+        copy_data_with_inline_storage_<decltype(this->event_.gatts), GATTS_INLINE_DATA_SIZE>(
+            this->event_.gatts, p->write.value, p->write.len, &this->event_.gatts.gatts_param.write.value);
         break;
       default:
-        this->event_.gatts.data = nullptr;
+        this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
+        this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         this->event_.gatts.data_len = 0;
         break;
     }
@@ -414,6 +448,15 @@ class BLEEvent {
 // The gap member in the union should be 80 bytes (including the gap_event enum)
 static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)) <= 80, "gap_event struct has grown beyond 80 bytes");
 
+// Verify GATTC and GATTS structs don't exceed GAP struct size
+// This ensures the union size is determined by GAP (the most common event type)
+static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gattc)) <=
+                  sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)),
+              "gattc_event struct exceeds gap_event size - union size would increase");
+static_assert(sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gatts)) <=
+                  sizeof(decltype(((BLEEvent *) nullptr)->event_.gap)),
+              "gatts_event struct exceeds gap_event size - union size would increase");
+
 // Verify esp_ble_sec_t fits within our union
 static_assert(sizeof(esp_ble_sec_t) <= 73, "esp_ble_sec_t is larger than BLEScanResult");
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatt_defs.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client {
 
@@ -111,43 +112,19 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
            this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
 
-  // Set preferred connection parameters before connecting
-  // Use FAST for all V3 connections (better latency and reliability)
-  // Use MEDIUM for V1/legacy connections (balanced performance)
-  uint16_t min_interval, max_interval, timeout;
-  const char *param_type;
-
-  if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
-      this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-    min_interval = FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-    max_interval = FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-    timeout = FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-    param_type = "fast";
-  } else {
-    min_interval = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-    max_interval = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-    timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-    param_type = "medium";
+  // Determine connection parameters based on connection type
+  if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
+    // V3 without cache needs fast params for service discovery
+    this->set_conn_params_(FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT, "fast");
+  } else if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+    // V3 with cache can use medium params
+    this->set_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
   }
+  // For V1/Legacy, don't set params - use ESP-IDF defaults
 
-  auto param_ret = esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, min_interval, max_interval,
-                                                      0,  // latency: 0
-                                                      timeout);
-  if (param_ret != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params failed: %d", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str(), param_ret);
-  } else {
-    this->log_connection_params_(param_type);
-  }
-
-  // Now open the connection
+  // Open the connection
   auto ret = esp_ble_gattc_open(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, this->remote_addr_type_, true);
-  if (ret) {
-    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_open", ret);
-    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
-  } else {
-    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING);
-  }
+  this->handle_connection_result_(ret);
 }
 
 esp_err_t BLEClientBase::pair() { return esp_ble_set_encryption(this->remote_bda_, ESP_BLE_SEC_ENCRYPT); }
@@ -159,7 +136,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::disconnect() {
     return;
   }
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting before connected, disconnect scheduled.", this->connection_index_,
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect before connected, disconnect scheduled", this->connection_index_,
              this->address_str_.c_str());
     this->want_disconnect_ = true;
     return;
@@ -172,13 +149,11 @@ void BLEClientBase::unconditional_disconnect() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d).", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
            this->conn_id_);
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Tried to disconnect while already disconnecting.", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str());
+    this->log_error_("Already disconnecting");
     return;
   }
   if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No connection ID set, cannot disconnect.", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str());
+    this->log_error_("conn id unset, cannot disconnect");
     return;
   }
   auto err = esp_ble_gattc_close(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_);
@@ -234,17 +209,51 @@ void BLEClientBase::log_connection_params_(const char *param_type) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), param_type);
 }
 
-void BLEClientBase::restore_medium_conn_params_() {
-  // Restore to medium connection parameters after initial connection phase
-  // This balances performance with bandwidth usage for normal operation
+void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
+  if (ret) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_open", ret);
+    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
+  } else {
+    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message) {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+}
+
+void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message, int code) {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message, code);
+}
+
+void BLEClientBase::log_warning_(const char *message) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+}
+
+void BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                        uint16_t timeout, const char *param_type) {
   esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
   memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
-  conn_params.min_int = MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
-  conn_params.max_int = MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
-  conn_params.latency = 0;
-  conn_params.timeout = MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT;
-  this->log_connection_params_("medium");
-  esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params);
+  conn_params.min_int = min_interval;
+  conn_params.max_int = max_interval;
+  conn_params.latency = latency;
+  conn_params.timeout = timeout;
+  this->log_connection_params_(param_type);
+  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params(&conn_params);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params", err);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClientBase::set_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                                     const char *param_type) {
+  // Set preferred connection parameters before connecting
+  // These will be used when establishing the connection
+  this->log_connection_params_(param_type);
+  esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params(this->remote_bda_, min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gap_set_prefer_conn_params", err);
+  }
 }
 
 bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
@@ -264,8 +273,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
                  this->app_id);
         this->gattc_if_ = esp_gattc_if;
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc app registration failed id=%d code=%d", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->reg.app_id, param->reg.status);
+        this->log_error_("gattc app registration failed status", param->reg.status);
         this->status_ = param->reg.status;
         this->mark_failed();
       }
@@ -277,11 +285,21 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       this->log_gattc_event_("OPEN");
       // conn_id was already set in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
       this->service_count_ = 0;
+
+      // ESP-IDF's BLE stack may send ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT after esp_ble_gattc_open() returns an
+      // error, if the error occurred at the BTA/GATT layer. This can result in the event
+      // arriving after we've already transitioned to IDLE state.
+      if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in IDLE state (status=%d), ignoring", this->connection_index_,
+                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->open.status);
+        break;
+      }
+
       if (this->state_ != espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
         // This should not happen but lets log it in case it does
         // because it means we have a bad assumption about how the
         // ESP BT stack works.
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Got ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT while in %s state, status=%d", this->connection_index_,
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in %s state (status=%d)", this->connection_index_,
                  this->address_str_.c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_), param->open.status);
       }
       if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
@@ -301,13 +319,14 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED);
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        // Restore to medium connection parameters for cached connections too
-        this->restore_medium_conn_params_();
+        // Cached connections already connected with medium parameters, no update needed
         // only set our state, subclients might have more stuff to do yet.
         this->state_ = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
         break;
       }
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Searching for services", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+      // For V3_WITHOUT_CACHE, we already set fast params before connecting
+      // No need to update them again here
+      this->log_event_("Searching for services");
       esp_ble_gattc_search_service(esp_gattc_if, param->cfg_mtu.conn_id, nullptr);
       break;
     }
@@ -332,8 +351,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       // Check if we were disconnected while waiting for service discovery
       if (param->disconnect.reason == ESP_GATT_CONN_TERMINATE_PEER_USER &&
           this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnected by remote during service discovery", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str());
+        this->log_warning_("Remote closed during discovery");
       } else {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_,
                  this->address_str_.c_str(), param->disconnect.reason);
@@ -389,12 +407,11 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_cmpl.conn_id)
         return false;
       this->log_gattc_event_("SEARCH_CMPL");
-      // For V3 connections, restore to medium connection parameters after service discovery
+      // For V3_WITHOUT_CACHE, switch back to medium connection parameters after service discovery
       // This balances performance with bandwidth usage after the critical discovery phase
-      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
-          this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
-        this->restore_medium_conn_params_();
-      } else {
+      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
+        this->update_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
+      } else if (this->connection_type_ != espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
         for (auto &svc : this->services_) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
@@ -506,16 +523,14 @@ void BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_
         return;
       esp_bd_addr_t bd_addr;
       memcpy(bd_addr, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete. remote BD_ADDR: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete addr: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
                format_hex(bd_addr, 6).c_str());
       if (!param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth fail reason = 0x%x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-                 param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
+        this->log_error_("auth fail reason", param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
       } else {
         this->paired_ = true;
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success. address type = %d auth mode = %d", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.addr_type,
-                 param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.auth_mode);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success type = %d mode = %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+                 param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.addr_type, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.auth_mode);
       }
       break;
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h

@@ -133,10 +133,18 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
 
   void log_event_(const char *name);
   void log_gattc_event_(const char *name);
-  void restore_medium_conn_params_();
+  void update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                           const char *param_type);
+  void set_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                        const char *param_type);
   void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status);
   void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
   void log_connection_params_(const char *param_type);
+  void handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret);
+  // Compact error logging helpers to reduce flash usage
+  void log_error_(const char *message);
+  void log_error_(const char *message, int code);
+  void log_warning_(const char *message);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h

@@ -80,14 +80,17 @@ class BLEManufacturerDataAdvertiseTrigger : public Trigger<const adv_data_t &>,
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
 };
 
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
+
 class BLEEndOfScanTrigger : public Trigger<>, public ESPBTDeviceListener {
  public:
   explicit BLEEndOfScanTrigger(ESP32BLETracker *parent) { parent->register_listener(this); }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   bool parse_device(const ESPBTDevice &device) override { return false; }
+#endif
   void on_scan_end() override { this->trigger(); }
 };
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ESP32BLEStartScanAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-#include "http_request_host.h"
-
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 
+#define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_HOST_H
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "httplib.h"
+#include "http_request_host.h"
+
 #include <regex>
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "http_request.h"
-
 #ifdef USE_HOST
-
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-#include "httplib.h"
+#include "http_request.h"
 namespace esphome {
 namespace http_request {
 

esphome/components/http_request/httplib.h

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 /**
  * NOTE: This is a copy of httplib.h from https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib
  *
- * It has been modified only to add ifdefs for USE_HOST. While it contains many functions unused in ESPHome,
+ * It has been modified to add ifdefs for USE_HOST. While it contains many functions unused in ESPHome,
  * it was considered preferable to use it with as few changes as possible, to facilitate future updates.
  */
 
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
 //
 //  httplib.h
 //
@@ -17,6 +15,11 @@
 //
 
 #ifdef USE_HOST
+// Prevent this code being included in main.cpp
+#ifdef USE_HTTP_REQUEST_HOST_H
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 #define CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
 
@@ -9687,5 +9690,6 @@ inline SSL_CTX *Client::ssl_context() const {
 #endif
 
 #endif  // CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
+#endif  // USE_HTTP_REQUEST_HOST_H
 
 #endif

esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def validate_use_legacy(value):
                 f"All i2s_audio components must set {CONF_USE_LEGACY} to the same value."
             )
         if (not value[CONF_USE_LEGACY]) and (CORE.using_arduino):
-            raise cv.Invalid("Arduino supports only the legacy i2s driver")
+            raise cv.Invalid("Arduino supports only the legacy i2s driver.")
         _use_legacy_driver = value[CONF_USE_LEGACY]
     return value
 

esphome/components/i2s_audio/media_player/__init__.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 def _final_validate(_):
     if not use_legacy():
-        raise cv.Invalid("I2S media player is only compatible with legacy i2s driver")
+        raise cv.Invalid("I2S media player is only compatible with legacy i2s driver.")
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 def _final_validate(config):
     if not use_legacy() and config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "internal":
-        raise cv.Invalid("Internal ADC is only compatible with legacy i2s driver")
+        raise cv.Invalid("Internal ADC is only compatible with legacy i2s driver.")
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 def _final_validate(config):
     if not use_legacy():
         if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
-            raise cv.Invalid("Internal DAC is only compatible with legacy i2s driver")
+            raise cv.Invalid("Internal DAC is only compatible with legacy i2s driver.")
         if config[CONF_I2S_COMM_FMT] == "stand_max":
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 "I2S standard max format only implemented with legacy i2s driver."

esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp

@@ -140,12 +140,22 @@ float LightState::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE -
 void LightState::publish_state() { this->remote_values_callback_.call(); }
 
 LightOutput *LightState::get_output() const { return this->output_; }
+
+static constexpr const char *EFFECT_NONE = "None";
+static constexpr auto EFFECT_NONE_REF = StringRef::from_lit("None");
+
 std::string LightState::get_effect_name() {
   if (this->active_effect_index_ > 0) {
     return this->effects_[this->active_effect_index_ - 1]->get_name();
-  } else {
-    return "None";
   }
+  return EFFECT_NONE;
+}
+
+StringRef LightState::get_effect_name_ref() {
+  if (this->active_effect_index_ > 0) {
+    return StringRef(this->effects_[this->active_effect_index_ - 1]->get_name());
+  }
+  return EFFECT_NONE_REF;
 }
 
 void LightState::add_new_remote_values_callback(std::function<void()> &&send_callback) {

esphome/components/light/light_state.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "light_call.h"
 #include "light_color_values.h"
 #include "light_effect.h"
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
 
   /// Return the name of the current effect, or if no effect is active "None".
   std::string get_effect_name();
+  /// Return the name of the current effect as StringRef (for API usage)
+  StringRef get_effect_name_ref();
 
   /**
    * This lets front-end components subscribe to light change events. This callback is called once

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from ..defines import (
     literal,
 )
 from ..lv_validation import (
-    lv_angle,
+    lv_angle_degrees,
     lv_bool,
     lv_color,
     lv_image,
@@ -395,15 +395,15 @@ ARC_PROPS = {
     DRAW_OPA_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_RADIUS): pixels,
-            cv.Required(CONF_START_ANGLE): lv_angle,
-            cv.Required(CONF_END_ANGLE): lv_angle,
+            cv.Required(CONF_START_ANGLE): lv_angle_degrees,
+            cv.Required(CONF_END_ANGLE): lv_angle_degrees,
         }
     ).extend({cv.Optional(prop): validator for prop, validator in ARC_PROPS.items()}),
 )
 async def canvas_draw_arc(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     radius = await size.process(config[CONF_RADIUS])
-    start_angle = await lv_angle.process(config[CONF_START_ANGLE])
-    end_angle = await lv_angle.process(config[CONF_END_ANGLE])
+    start_angle = await lv_angle_degrees.process(config[CONF_START_ANGLE])
+    end_angle = await lv_angle_degrees.process(config[CONF_END_ANGLE])
 
     async def do_draw_arc(w: Widget, x, y, dsc_addr):
         lv.canvas_draw_arc(w.obj, x, y, radius, start_angle, end_angle, dsc_addr)

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import IntLiteral
 
 from ..automation import action_to_code
 from ..defines import (
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ from ..helpers import add_lv_use, lvgl_components_required
 from ..lv_validation import (
     get_end_value,
     get_start_value,
-    lv_angle,
+    lv_angle_degrees,
     lv_bool,
     lv_color,
     lv_float,
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ SCALE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_RANGE_FROM, default=0.0): cv.float_,
         cv.Optional(CONF_RANGE_TO, default=100.0): cv.float_,
         cv.Optional(CONF_ANGLE_RANGE, default=270): cv.int_range(0, 360),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION): lv_angle,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION): lv_angle_degrees,
         cv.Optional(CONF_INDICATORS): cv.ensure_list(INDICATOR_SCHEMA),
     }
 )
@@ -188,9 +187,7 @@ class MeterType(WidgetType):
         for scale_conf in config.get(CONF_SCALES, ()):
             rotation = 90 + (360 - scale_conf[CONF_ANGLE_RANGE]) / 2
             if CONF_ROTATION in scale_conf:
-                rotation = await lv_angle.process(scale_conf[CONF_ROTATION])
-                if isinstance(rotation, IntLiteral):
-                    rotation = int(str(rotation)) // 10
+                rotation = await lv_angle_degrees.process(scale_conf[CONF_ROTATION])
             with LocalVariable(
                 "meter_var", "lv_meter_scale_t", lv_expr.meter_add_scale(var)
             ) as meter_var:

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ def _validate_manifest_version(manifest_data):
         else:
             raise cv.Invalid("Invalid manifest version")
     else:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid manifest file, missing 'version' key")
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid manifest file, missing 'version' key.")
 
 
 def _process_http_source(config):
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ def _feature_step_size_validate(config):
         if features_step_size is None:
             features_step_size = model_step_size
         elif features_step_size != model_step_size:
-            raise cv.Invalid("Cannot load models with different features step sizes")
+            raise cv.Invalid("Cannot load models with different features step sizes.")
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(

esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp

@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
         variable_name = to_process.substr(0, index);
         ++index;
 
-        text_value = to_process.substr(index);
+        // Get variable value without terminating NUL byte.  Length check above ensures substr len >= 0.
+        text_value = to_process.substr(index, to_process_length - index - 1);
 
         ESP_LOGN(TAG, "Text sensor: %s='%s'", variable_name.c_str(), text_value.c_str());
 

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp

@@ -23,20 +23,18 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
   // Read message
   if (this->state_ == STATE_IDLE) {
     this->empty_uart_buffer_();
-    switch (this->send_next_command_()) {
-      case 0:
-        // no command send (empty queue) time to poll
-        if (millis() - this->last_poll_ > this->update_interval_) {
-          this->send_next_poll_();
-          this->last_poll_ = millis();
-        }
-        return;
-        break;
-      case 1:
-        // command send
-        return;
-        break;
+
+    if (this->send_next_command_()) {
+      // command sent
+      return;
     }
+
+    if (this->send_next_poll_()) {
+      // poll sent
+      return;
+    }
+
+    return;
   }
   if (this->state_ == STATE_COMMAND_COMPLETE) {
     if (this->check_incoming_length_(4)) {
@@ -530,7 +528,7 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
         // '(00000000000000000000000000000000'
         // iterate over all available flag (as not all models have all flags, but at least in the same order)
         this->value_warnings_present_ = false;
-        this->value_faults_present_ = true;
+        this->value_faults_present_ = false;
 
         for (size_t i = 1; i < strlen(tmp); i++) {
           enabled = tmp[i] == '1';
@@ -708,6 +706,7 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
         return;
       }
       // crc ok
+      this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].needs_update = false;
       this->state_ = STATE_POLL_CHECKED;
       return;
     } else {
@@ -788,7 +787,7 @@ uint8_t Pipsolar::check_incoming_crc_() {
 }
 
 // send next command used
-uint8_t Pipsolar::send_next_command_() {
+bool Pipsolar::send_next_command_() {
   uint16_t crc16;
   if (!this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].empty()) {
     const char *command = this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].c_str();
@@ -809,37 +808,43 @@ uint8_t Pipsolar::send_next_command_() {
     // end Byte
     this->write(0x0D);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending command from queue: %s with length %d", command, length);
-    return 1;
+    return true;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return false;
 }
 
-void Pipsolar::send_next_poll_() {
+bool Pipsolar::send_next_poll_() {
   uint16_t crc16;
-  this->last_polling_command_ = (this->last_polling_command_ + 1) % 15;
-  if (this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length == 0) {
-    this->last_polling_command_ = 0;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < POLLING_COMMANDS_MAX; i++) {
+    this->last_polling_command_ = (this->last_polling_command_ + 1) % POLLING_COMMANDS_MAX;
+    if (this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length == 0) {
+      // not enabled
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].needs_update) {
+      // no update requested
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->state_ = STATE_POLL;
+    this->command_start_millis_ = millis();
+    this->empty_uart_buffer_();
+    this->read_pos_ = 0;
+    crc16 = this->pipsolar_crc_(this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
+                                this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
+    this->write_array(this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
+                      this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
+    // checksum
+    this->write(((uint8_t) ((crc16) >> 8)));   // highbyte
+    this->write(((uint8_t) ((crc16) &0xff)));  // lowbyte
+    // end Byte
+    this->write(0x0D);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending polling command : %s with length %d",
+             this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
+             this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
+    return true;
   }
-  if (this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length == 0) {
-    // no command specified
-    return;
-  }
-  this->state_ = STATE_POLL;
-  this->command_start_millis_ = millis();
-  this->empty_uart_buffer_();
-  this->read_pos_ = 0;
-  crc16 = this->pipsolar_crc_(this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
-                              this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
-  this->write_array(this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
-                    this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
-  // checksum
-  this->write(((uint8_t) ((crc16) >> 8)));   // highbyte
-  this->write(((uint8_t) ((crc16) &0xff)));  // lowbyte
-  // end Byte
-  this->write(0x0D);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending polling command : %s with length %d",
-           this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
-           this->used_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
+  return false;
 }
 
 void Pipsolar::queue_command_(const char *command, uint8_t length) {
@@ -869,7 +874,13 @@ void Pipsolar::dump_config() {
     }
   }
 }
-void Pipsolar::update() {}
+void Pipsolar::update() {
+  for (auto &used_polling_command : this->used_polling_commands_) {
+    if (used_polling_command.length != 0) {
+      used_polling_command.needs_update = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
 
 void Pipsolar::add_polling_command_(const char *command, ENUMPollingCommand polling_command) {
   for (auto &used_polling_command : this->used_polling_commands_) {
@@ -891,6 +902,7 @@ void Pipsolar::add_polling_command_(const char *command, ENUMPollingCommand poll
       used_polling_command.errors = 0;
       used_polling_command.identifier = polling_command;
       used_polling_command.length = length - 1;
+      used_polling_command.needs_update = true;
       return;
     }
   }

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ struct PollingCommand {
   uint8_t length = 0;
   uint8_t errors;
   ENUMPollingCommand identifier;
+  bool needs_update;
 };
 
 #define PIPSOLAR_VALUED_ENTITY_(type, name, polling_command, value_type) \
@@ -189,14 +190,14 @@ class Pipsolar : public uart::UARTDevice, public PollingComponent {
   static const size_t PIPSOLAR_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH = 110;  // maximum supported answer length
   static const size_t COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH = 10;
   static const size_t COMMAND_TIMEOUT = 5000;
-  uint32_t last_poll_ = 0;
+  static const size_t POLLING_COMMANDS_MAX = 15;
   void add_polling_command_(const char *command, ENUMPollingCommand polling_command);
   void empty_uart_buffer_();
   uint8_t check_incoming_crc_();
   uint8_t check_incoming_length_(uint8_t length);
   uint16_t pipsolar_crc_(uint8_t *msg, uint8_t len);
-  uint8_t send_next_command_();
-  void send_next_poll_();
+  bool send_next_command_();
+  bool send_next_poll_();
   void queue_command_(const char *command, uint8_t length);
   std::string command_queue_[COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH];
   uint8_t command_queue_position_ = 0;
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ class Pipsolar : public uart::UARTDevice, public PollingComponent {
   };
 
   uint8_t last_polling_command_ = 0;
-  PollingCommand used_polling_commands_[15];
+  PollingCommand used_polling_commands_[POLLING_COMMANDS_MAX];
 };
 
 }  // namespace pipsolar

esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp

@@ -46,10 +46,32 @@ void PVVXDisplay::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t
       }
       this->connection_established_ = true;
       this->char_handle_ = chr->handle;
-#ifdef USE_TIME
-      this->sync_time_();
-#endif
-      this->display();
+
+      // Attempt to write immediately
+      // For devices without security, this will work
+      // For devices with security that are already paired, this will work
+      // For devices that need pairing, the write will be retried after auth completes
+      this->sync_time_and_display_();
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void PVVXDisplay::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT: {
+      if (!this->parent_->check_addr(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
+        return;
+
+      if (param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Authentication successful, performing writes.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        // Now that pairing is complete, perform the pending writes
+        this->sync_time_and_display_();
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Authentication failed.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+      }
       break;
     }
     default:
@@ -127,6 +149,13 @@ void PVVXDisplay::delayed_disconnect_() {
   this->set_timeout("disconnect", this->disconnect_delay_ms_, [this]() { this->parent_->set_enabled(false); });
 }
 
+void PVVXDisplay::sync_time_and_display_() {
+#ifdef USE_TIME
+  this->sync_time_();
+#endif
+  this->display();
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_TIME
 void PVVXDisplay::sync_time_() {
   if (this->time_ == nullptr)

esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class PVVXDisplay : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingComponent {
 
   void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                            esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override;
+  void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) override;
 
   /// Set validity period of the display information in seconds (1..65535)
   void set_validity_period(uint16_t validity_period) { this->validity_period_ = validity_period; }
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ class PVVXDisplay : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingComponent {
   void setcfgbit_(uint8_t bit, bool value);
   void send_to_setup_char_(uint8_t *blk, size_t size);
   void delayed_disconnect_();
+  void sync_time_and_display_();
 #ifdef USE_TIME
   void sync_time_();
   time::RealTimeClock *time_{nullptr};

esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ static const uint8_t QMP6988_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG = 0xFA; /* Temperature MSB Reg
 static const uint8_t QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_START = 0xA0; /* QMP6988 compensation coefficients */
 static const uint8_t QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_LENGTH = 25;
 
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_RIGHT_4_POSITION = 4;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_2_POSITION = 2;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_4_POSITION = 4;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_5_POSITION = 5;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION = 8;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_12_POSITION = 12;
+static const uint8_t SHIFT_LEFT_16_POSITION = 16;
+
 /* power mode */
 static const uint8_t QMP6988_SLEEP_MODE = 0x00;
 static const uint8_t QMP6988_FORCED_MODE = 0x01;
@@ -87,45 +95,64 @@ static const char *iir_filter_to_str(QMP6988IIRFilter filter) {
 }
 
 bool QMP6988Component::device_check_() {
-  if (this->read_register(QMP6988_CHIP_ID_REG, &(qmp6988_data_.chip_id), 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read chip ID (0xD1) failed");
-    return false;
+  uint8_t ret = 0;
+
+  ret = this->read_register(QMP6988_CHIP_ID_REG, &(qmp6988_data_.chip_id), 1);
+  if (ret != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s: read chip ID (0xD1) failed", __func__);
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read chip ID = 0x%x", qmp6988_data_.chip_id);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "qmp6988 read chip id = 0x%x", qmp6988_data_.chip_id);
 
   return qmp6988_data_.chip_id == QMP6988_CHIP_ID;
 }
 
 bool QMP6988Component::get_calibration_data_() {
+  uint8_t status = 0;
   // BITFIELDS temp_COE;
   uint8_t a_data_uint8_tr[QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_LENGTH] = {0};
+  int len;
 
-  for (uint8_t len = 0; len < QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_LENGTH; len += 1) {
-    if (this->read_register(QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_START + len, &a_data_uint8_tr[len], 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read calibration data (0xA0) error");
+  for (len = 0; len < QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_LENGTH; len += 1) {
+    status = this->read_register(QMP6988_CALIBRATION_DATA_START + len, &a_data_uint8_tr[len], 1);
+    if (status != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "qmp6988 read calibration data (0xA0) error!");
       return false;
     }
   }
 
   qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0 =
-      (int32_t) encode_uint32(a_data_uint8_tr[18], a_data_uint8_tr[19], (a_data_uint8_tr[24] & 0x0f) << 4, 0);
+      (QMP6988_S32_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[18] << SHIFT_LEFT_12_POSITION) |
+                        (a_data_uint8_tr[19] << SHIFT_LEFT_4_POSITION) | (a_data_uint8_tr[24] & 0x0f))
+                       << 12);
   qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0 >> 12;
 
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a1 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[20], a_data_uint8_tr[21]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a2 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[22], a_data_uint8_tr[23]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a1 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[20]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[21]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a2 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[22]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[23]);
 
   qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00 =
-      (int32_t) encode_uint32(a_data_uint8_tr[0], a_data_uint8_tr[1], a_data_uint8_tr[24] & 0xf0, 0);
+      (QMP6988_S32_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[0] << SHIFT_LEFT_12_POSITION) | (a_data_uint8_tr[1] << SHIFT_LEFT_4_POSITION) |
+                        ((a_data_uint8_tr[24] & 0xf0) >> SHIFT_RIGHT_4_POSITION))
+                       << 12);
   qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00 >> 12;
 
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[2], a_data_uint8_tr[3]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[4], a_data_uint8_tr[5]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[6], a_data_uint8_tr[7]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[8], a_data_uint8_tr[9]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[10], a_data_uint8_tr[11]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b12 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[12], a_data_uint8_tr[13]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[14], a_data_uint8_tr[15]);
-  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[16], a_data_uint8_tr[17]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[2]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[3]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[4]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[5]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[6]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[7]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[8]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[9]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[10]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[11]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b12 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[12]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[13]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[14]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[15]);
+  qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 =
+      (QMP6988_S16_t) (((a_data_uint8_tr[16]) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | a_data_uint8_tr[17]);
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<-----------calibration data-------------->\r\n");
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "COE_a0[%d] COE_a1[%d] COE_a2[%d] COE_b00[%d]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0,
@@ -139,17 +166,17 @@ bool QMP6988Component::get_calibration_data_() {
   qmp6988_data_.ik.a0 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0;    // 20Q4
   qmp6988_data_.ik.b00 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00;  // 20Q4
 
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.a1 = 3608L * (int32_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a1 - 1731677965L;  // 31Q23
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.a2 = 16889L * (int32_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a2 - 87619360L;   // 30Q47
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.a1 = 3608L * (QMP6988_S32_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a1 - 1731677965L;  // 31Q23
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.a2 = 16889L * (QMP6988_S32_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a2 - 87619360L;   // 30Q47
 
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.bt1 = 2982L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1 + 107370906L;    // 28Q15
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.bt2 = 329854L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2 + 108083093L;  // 34Q38
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp1 = 19923L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1 + 1133836764L;  // 31Q20
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.b11 = 2406L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11 + 118215883L;    // 28Q34
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp2 = 3079L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2 - 181579595L;    // 29Q43
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.b12 = 6846L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b12 + 85590281L;     // 29Q53
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.b21 = 13836L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21 + 79333336L;    // 29Q60
-  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp3 = 2915L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 + 157155561L;    // 28Q65
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.bt1 = 2982L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1 + 107370906L;    // 28Q15
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.bt2 = 329854L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2 + 108083093L;  // 34Q38
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp1 = 19923L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1 + 1133836764L;  // 31Q20
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.b11 = 2406L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11 + 118215883L;    // 28Q34
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp2 = 3079L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2 - 181579595L;    // 29Q43
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.b12 = 6846L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b12 + 85590281L;     // 29Q53
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.b21 = 13836L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21 + 79333336L;    // 29Q60
+  qmp6988_data_.ik.bp3 = 2915L * (QMP6988_S64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 + 157155561L;    // 28Q65
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<----------- int calibration data -------------->\r\n");
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "a0[%d] a1[%d] a2[%d] b00[%d]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.ik.a0, qmp6988_data_.ik.a1, qmp6988_data_.ik.a2,
            qmp6988_data_.ik.b00);
@@ -161,55 +188,55 @@ bool QMP6988Component::get_calibration_data_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-int16_t QMP6988Component::get_compensated_temperature_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, int32_t dt) {
-  int16_t ret;
-  int64_t wk1, wk2;
+QMP6988_S16_t QMP6988Component::get_compensated_temperature_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, QMP6988_S32_t dt) {
+  QMP6988_S16_t ret;
+  QMP6988_S64_t wk1, wk2;
 
   // wk1: 60Q4 // bit size
-  wk1 = ((int64_t) ik->a1 * (int64_t) dt);        // 31Q23+24-1=54 (54Q23)
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->a2 * (int64_t) dt) >> 14;  // 30Q47+24-1=53 (39Q33)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dt) >> 10;               // 39Q33+24-1=62 (52Q23)
-  wk2 = ((wk1 + wk2) / 32767) >> 19;              // 54,52->55Q23 (20Q04)
-  ret = (int16_t) ((ik->a0 + wk2) >> 4);          // 21Q4 -> 17Q0
+  wk1 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->a1 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dt);        // 31Q23+24-1=54 (54Q23)
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->a2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dt) >> 14;  // 30Q47+24-1=53 (39Q33)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dt) >> 10;                     // 39Q33+24-1=62 (52Q23)
+  wk2 = ((wk1 + wk2) / 32767) >> 19;                          // 54,52->55Q23 (20Q04)
+  ret = (QMP6988_S16_t) ((ik->a0 + wk2) >> 4);                // 21Q4 -> 17Q0
   return ret;
 }
 
-int32_t QMP6988Component::get_compensated_pressure_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, int32_t dp, int16_t tx) {
-  int32_t ret;
-  int64_t wk1, wk2, wk3;
+QMP6988_S32_t QMP6988Component::get_compensated_pressure_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, QMP6988_S32_t dp, QMP6988_S16_t tx) {
+  QMP6988_S32_t ret;
+  QMP6988_S64_t wk1, wk2, wk3;
 
   // wk1 = 48Q16 // bit size
-  wk1 = ((int64_t) ik->bt1 * (int64_t) tx);        // 28Q15+16-1=43 (43Q15)
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->bp1 * (int64_t) dp) >> 5;   // 31Q20+24-1=54 (49Q15)
-  wk1 += wk2;                                      // 43,49->50Q15
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->bt2 * (int64_t) tx) >> 1;   // 34Q38+16-1=49 (48Q37)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) tx) >> 8;                 // 48Q37+16-1=63 (55Q29)
-  wk3 = wk2;                                       // 55Q29
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->b11 * (int64_t) tx) >> 4;   // 28Q34+16-1=43 (39Q30)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 1;                 // 39Q30+24-1=62 (61Q29)
-  wk3 += wk2;                                      // 55,61->62Q29
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->bp2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 13;  // 29Q43+24-1=52 (39Q30)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 1;                 // 39Q30+24-1=62 (61Q29)
-  wk3 += wk2;                                      // 62,61->63Q29
-  wk1 += wk3 >> 14;                                // Q29 >> 14 -> Q15
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->b12 * (int64_t) tx);        // 29Q53+16-1=45 (45Q53)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) tx) >> 22;                // 45Q53+16-1=61 (39Q31)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 1;                 // 39Q31+24-1=62 (61Q30)
-  wk3 = wk2;                                       // 61Q30
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->b21 * (int64_t) tx) >> 6;   // 29Q60+16-1=45 (39Q54)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 23;                // 39Q54+24-1=62 (39Q31)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 1;                 // 39Q31+24-1=62 (61Q20)
-  wk3 += wk2;                                      // 61,61->62Q30
-  wk2 = ((int64_t) ik->bp3 * (int64_t) dp) >> 12;  // 28Q65+24-1=51 (39Q53)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp) >> 23;                // 39Q53+24-1=62 (39Q30)
-  wk2 = (wk2 * (int64_t) dp);                      // 39Q30+24-1=62 (62Q30)
-  wk3 += wk2;                                      // 62,62->63Q30
-  wk1 += wk3 >> 15;                                // Q30 >> 15 = Q15
+  wk1 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->bt1 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx);        // 28Q15+16-1=43 (43Q15)
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->bp1 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 5;   // 31Q20+24-1=54 (49Q15)
+  wk1 += wk2;                                                  // 43,49->50Q15
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->bt2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx) >> 1;   // 34Q38+16-1=49 (48Q37)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx) >> 8;                       // 48Q37+16-1=63 (55Q29)
+  wk3 = wk2;                                                   // 55Q29
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->b11 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx) >> 4;   // 28Q34+16-1=43 (39Q30)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 1;                       // 39Q30+24-1=62 (61Q29)
+  wk3 += wk2;                                                  // 55,61->62Q29
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->bp2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 13;  // 29Q43+24-1=52 (39Q30)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 1;                       // 39Q30+24-1=62 (61Q29)
+  wk3 += wk2;                                                  // 62,61->63Q29
+  wk1 += wk3 >> 14;                                            // Q29 >> 14 -> Q15
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->b12 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx);        // 29Q53+16-1=45 (45Q53)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx) >> 22;                      // 45Q53+16-1=61 (39Q31)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 1;                       // 39Q31+24-1=62 (61Q30)
+  wk3 = wk2;                                                   // 61Q30
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->b21 * (QMP6988_S64_t) tx) >> 6;   // 29Q60+16-1=45 (39Q54)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 23;                      // 39Q54+24-1=62 (39Q31)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 1;                       // 39Q31+24-1=62 (61Q20)
+  wk3 += wk2;                                                  // 61,61->62Q30
+  wk2 = ((QMP6988_S64_t) ik->bp3 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 12;  // 28Q65+24-1=51 (39Q53)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp) >> 23;                      // 39Q53+24-1=62 (39Q30)
+  wk2 = (wk2 * (QMP6988_S64_t) dp);                            // 39Q30+24-1=62 (62Q30)
+  wk3 += wk2;                                                  // 62,62->63Q30
+  wk1 += wk3 >> 15;                                            // Q30 >> 15 = Q15
   wk1 /= 32767L;
   wk1 >>= 11;      // Q15 >> 7 = Q4
   wk1 += ik->b00;  // Q4 + 20Q4
   // wk1 >>= 4; // 28Q4 -> 24Q0
-  ret = (int32_t) wk1;
+  ret = (QMP6988_S32_t) wk1;
   return ret;
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +274,7 @@ void QMP6988Component::set_power_mode_(uint8_t power_mode) {
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void QMP6988Component::write_filter_(QMP6988IIRFilter filter) {
+void QMP6988Component::write_filter_(unsigned char filter) {
   uint8_t data;
 
   data = (filter & 0x03);
@@ -255,7 +282,7 @@ void QMP6988Component::write_filter_(QMP6988IIRFilter filter) {
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_pressure_(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_p) {
+void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_pressure_(unsigned char oversampling_p) {
   uint8_t data;
 
   this->read_register(QMP6988_CTRLMEAS_REG, &data, 1);
@@ -265,7 +292,7 @@ void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_pressure_(QMP6988Oversampling oversamp
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_temperature_(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_t) {
+void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_temperature_(unsigned char oversampling_t) {
   uint8_t data;
 
   this->read_register(QMP6988_CTRLMEAS_REG, &data, 1);
@@ -275,6 +302,16 @@ void QMP6988Component::write_oversampling_temperature_(QMP6988Oversampling overs
   delay(10);
 }
 
+void QMP6988Component::set_temperature_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_t) {
+  this->temperature_oversampling_ = oversampling_t;
+}
+
+void QMP6988Component::set_pressure_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_p) {
+  this->pressure_oversampling_ = oversampling_p;
+}
+
+void QMP6988Component::set_iir_filter(QMP6988IIRFilter iirfilter) { this->iir_filter_ = iirfilter; }
+
 void QMP6988Component::calculate_altitude_(float pressure, float temp) {
   float altitude;
   altitude = (pow((101325 / pressure), 1 / 5.257) - 1) * (temp + 273.15) / 0.0065;
@@ -283,10 +320,10 @@ void QMP6988Component::calculate_altitude_(float pressure, float temp) {
 
 void QMP6988Component::calculate_pressure_() {
   uint8_t err = 0;
-  uint32_t p_read, t_read;
-  int32_t p_raw, t_raw;
+  QMP6988_U32_t p_read, t_read;
+  QMP6988_S32_t p_raw, t_raw;
   uint8_t a_data_uint8_tr[6] = {0};
-  int32_t t_int, p_int;
+  QMP6988_S32_t t_int, p_int;
   this->qmp6988_data_.temperature = 0;
   this->qmp6988_data_.pressure = 0;
 
@@ -295,11 +332,13 @@ void QMP6988Component::calculate_pressure_() {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading raw pressure/temp values");
     return;
   }
-  p_read = encode_uint24(a_data_uint8_tr[0], a_data_uint8_tr[1], a_data_uint8_tr[2]);
-  p_raw = (int32_t) (p_read - SUBTRACTOR);
+  p_read = (QMP6988_U32_t) ((((QMP6988_U32_t) (a_data_uint8_tr[0])) << SHIFT_LEFT_16_POSITION) |
+                            (((QMP6988_U16_t) (a_data_uint8_tr[1])) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | (a_data_uint8_tr[2]));
+  p_raw = (QMP6988_S32_t) (p_read - SUBTRACTOR);
 
-  t_read = encode_uint24(a_data_uint8_tr[3], a_data_uint8_tr[4], a_data_uint8_tr[5]);
-  t_raw = (int32_t) (t_read - SUBTRACTOR);
+  t_read = (QMP6988_U32_t) ((((QMP6988_U32_t) (a_data_uint8_tr[3])) << SHIFT_LEFT_16_POSITION) |
+                            (((QMP6988_U16_t) (a_data_uint8_tr[4])) << SHIFT_LEFT_8_POSITION) | (a_data_uint8_tr[5]));
+  t_raw = (QMP6988_S32_t) (t_read - SUBTRACTOR);
 
   t_int = this->get_compensated_temperature_(&(qmp6988_data_.ik), t_raw);
   p_int = this->get_compensated_pressure_(&(qmp6988_data_.ik), p_raw, t_int);
@@ -309,9 +348,10 @@ void QMP6988Component::calculate_pressure_() {
 }
 
 void QMP6988Component::setup() {
-  if (!this->device_check_()) {
-    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-    return;
+  bool ret;
+  ret = this->device_check_();
+  if (!ret) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setup failed - device not found");
   }
 
   this->software_reset_();
@@ -325,6 +365,9 @@ void QMP6988Component::setup() {
 void QMP6988Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "QMP6988:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+  }
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
@@ -334,6 +377,8 @@ void QMP6988Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  IIR Filter: %s", iir_filter_to_str(this->iir_filter_));
 }
 
+float QMP6988Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
 void QMP6988Component::update() {
   this->calculate_pressure_();
   float pressurehectopascals = this->qmp6988_data_.pressure / 100;

esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.h

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace qmp6988 {
 
+#define QMP6988_U16_t unsigned short
+#define QMP6988_S16_t short
+#define QMP6988_U32_t unsigned int
+#define QMP6988_S32_t int
+#define QMP6988_U64_t unsigned long long
+#define QMP6988_S64_t long long
+
 /* oversampling */
-enum QMP6988Oversampling : uint8_t {
+enum QMP6988Oversampling {
   QMP6988_OVERSAMPLING_SKIPPED = 0x00,
   QMP6988_OVERSAMPLING_1X = 0x01,
   QMP6988_OVERSAMPLING_2X = 0x02,
@@ -23,7 +30,7 @@ enum QMP6988Oversampling : uint8_t {
 };
 
 /* filter */
-enum QMP6988IIRFilter : uint8_t {
+enum QMP6988IIRFilter {
   QMP6988_IIR_FILTER_OFF = 0x00,
   QMP6988_IIR_FILTER_2X = 0x01,
   QMP6988_IIR_FILTER_4X = 0x02,
@@ -33,18 +40,18 @@ enum QMP6988IIRFilter : uint8_t {
 };
 
 using qmp6988_cali_data_t = struct Qmp6988CaliData {
-  int32_t COE_a0;
-  int16_t COE_a1;
-  int16_t COE_a2;
-  int32_t COE_b00;
-  int16_t COE_bt1;
-  int16_t COE_bt2;
-  int16_t COE_bp1;
-  int16_t COE_b11;
-  int16_t COE_bp2;
-  int16_t COE_b12;
-  int16_t COE_b21;
-  int16_t COE_bp3;
+  QMP6988_S32_t COE_a0;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_a1;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_a2;
+  QMP6988_S32_t COE_b00;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_bt1;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_bt2;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_bp1;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_b11;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_bp2;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_b12;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_b21;
+  QMP6988_S16_t COE_bp3;
 };
 
 using qmp6988_fk_data_t = struct Qmp6988FkData {
@@ -53,9 +60,9 @@ using qmp6988_fk_data_t = struct Qmp6988FkData {
 };
 
 using qmp6988_ik_data_t = struct Qmp6988IkData {
-  int32_t a0, b00;
-  int32_t a1, a2;
-  int64_t bt1, bt2, bp1, b11, bp2, b12, b21, bp3;
+  QMP6988_S32_t a0, b00;
+  QMP6988_S32_t a1, a2;
+  QMP6988_S64_t bt1, bt2, bp1, b11, bp2, b12, b21, bp3;
 };
 
 using qmp6988_data_t = struct Qmp6988Data {
@@ -70,18 +77,17 @@ using qmp6988_data_t = struct Qmp6988Data {
 
 class QMP6988Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
-  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
-  void set_pressure_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor) { this->pressure_sensor_ = pressure_sensor; }
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
+  void set_pressure_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor) { pressure_sensor_ = pressure_sensor; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void update() override;
 
-  void set_iir_filter(QMP6988IIRFilter iirfilter) { this->iir_filter_ = iirfilter; }
-  void set_temperature_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_t) {
-    this->temperature_oversampling_ = oversampling_t;
-  }
-  void set_pressure_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_p) { this->pressure_oversampling_ = oversampling_p; }
+  void set_iir_filter(QMP6988IIRFilter iirfilter);
+  void set_temperature_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_t);
+  void set_pressure_oversampling(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_p);
 
  protected:
   qmp6988_data_t qmp6988_data_;
@@ -96,14 +102,14 @@ class QMP6988Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool get_calibration_data_();
   bool device_check_();
   void set_power_mode_(uint8_t power_mode);
-  void write_oversampling_temperature_(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_t);
-  void write_oversampling_pressure_(QMP6988Oversampling oversampling_p);
-  void write_filter_(QMP6988IIRFilter filter);
+  void write_oversampling_temperature_(unsigned char oversampling_t);
+  void write_oversampling_pressure_(unsigned char oversampling_p);
+  void write_filter_(unsigned char filter);
   void calculate_pressure_();
   void calculate_altitude_(float pressure, float temp);
 
-  int32_t get_compensated_pressure_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, int32_t dp, int16_t tx);
-  int16_t get_compensated_temperature_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, int32_t dt);
+  QMP6988_S32_t get_compensated_pressure_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, QMP6988_S32_t dp, QMP6988_S16_t tx);
+  QMP6988_S16_t get_compensated_temperature_(qmp6988_ik_data_t *ik, QMP6988_S32_t dt);
 };
 
 }  // namespace qmp6988

esphome/components/senseair/senseair.cpp

@@ -53,10 +53,14 @@ void SenseAirComponent::update() {
 
   this->status_clear_warning();
   const uint8_t length = response[2];
-  const uint16_t status = (uint16_t(response[3]) << 8) | response[4];
-  const int16_t ppm = int16_t((response[length + 1] << 8) | response[length + 2]);
+  const uint16_t status = encode_uint16(response[3], response[4]);
+  const uint16_t ppm = encode_uint16(response[length + 1], response[length + 2]);
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SenseAir Received CO₂=%dppm Status=0x%02X", ppm, status);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SenseAir Received CO₂=%uppm Status=0x%02X", ppm, status);
+  if (ppm == 0 && (status & SenseAirStatus::OUT_OF_RANGE_ERROR) != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Discarding 0 ppm reading with out-of-range status.");
+    return;
+  }
   if (this->co2_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->co2_sensor_->publish_state(ppm);
 }

esphome/components/senseair/senseair.h

@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace senseair {
 
+enum SenseAirStatus : uint8_t {
+  FATAL_ERROR = 1 << 0,
+  OFFSET_ERROR = 1 << 1,
+  ALGORITHM_ERROR = 1 << 2,
+  OUTPUT_ERROR = 1 << 3,
+  SELF_DIAGNOSTIC_ERROR = 1 << 4,
+  OUT_OF_RANGE_ERROR = 1 << 5,
+  MEMORY_ERROR = 1 << 6,
+  RESERVED = 1 << 7
+};
+
 class SenseAirComponent : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void set_co2_sensor(sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor) { co2_sensor_ = co2_sensor; }

esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def _read_audio_file_and_type(file_config):
     elif file_source == TYPE_WEB:
         path = _compute_local_file_path(conf_file)
     else:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Unsupported file source")
+        raise cv.Invalid("Unsupported file source.")
 
     with open(path, "rb") as f:
         data = f.read()
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def _validate_supported_local_file(config):
     for file_config in config.get(CONF_FILES, []):
         _, media_file_type = _read_audio_file_and_type(file_config)
         if str(media_file_type) == str(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]):
-            raise cv.Invalid("Unsupported local media file")
+            raise cv.Invalid("Unsupported local media file.")
         if not config[CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED] and str(media_file_type) != str(
             audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["WAV"]
         ):

esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py

@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ def default_url(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = config.copy()
     if config[CONF_VERSION] == 1:
         if CONF_CSS_URL not in config:
-            config[CONF_CSS_URL] = "https://esphome.io/_static/webserver-v1.min.css"
+            config[CONF_CSS_URL] = "https://oi.esphome.io/v1/webserver-v1.min.css"
         if CONF_JS_URL not in config:
-            config[CONF_JS_URL] = "https://esphome.io/_static/webserver-v1.min.js"
+            config[CONF_JS_URL] = "https://oi.esphome.io/v1/webserver-v1.min.js"
     if config[CONF_VERSION] == 2:
         if CONF_CSS_URL not in config:
             config[CONF_CSS_URL] = ""

esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h

@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
 
 #if USE_WEBSERVER_VERSION == 1
   /** Set the URL to the CSS <link> that's sent to each client. Defaults to
-   * https://esphome.io/_static/webserver-v1.min.css
+   * https://oi.esphome.io/v1/webserver-v1.min.css
    *
    * @param css_url The url to the web server stylesheet.
    */
   void set_css_url(const char *css_url);
 
   /** Set the URL to the script that's embedded in the index page. Defaults to
-   * https://esphome.io/_static/webserver-v1.min.js
+   * https://oi.esphome.io/v1/webserver-v1.min.js
    *
    * @param js_url The url to the web server script.
    */

esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ bool AsyncWebServerRequest::authenticate(const char *username, const char *passw
   esp_crypto_base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(digest.get()), n, &out,
                            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(user_info.c_str()), user_info.size());
 
-  return strncmp(digest.get(), auth_str + auth_prefix_len, auth.value().size() - auth_prefix_len) == 0;
+  return strcmp(digest.get(), auth_str + auth_prefix_len) == 0;
 }
 
 void AsyncWebServerRequest::requestAuthentication(const char *realm) const {

esphome/const.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2025.9.0-dev"
+__version__ = "2025.8.1"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

esphome/core/application.cpp

@@ -475,16 +475,11 @@ bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
   if (fd < 0)
     return false;
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
-  // Only check on non-ESP32 platforms
-  // On ESP32 (both Arduino and ESP-IDF), CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS is always <= FD_SETSIZE by design
-  // (LWIP_SOCKET_OFFSET = FD_SETSIZE - CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS per lwipopts.h)
-  // Other platforms may not have this guarantee
   if (fd >= FD_SETSIZE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "fd %d exceeds FD_SETSIZE %d", fd, FD_SETSIZE);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot monitor socket fd %d: exceeds FD_SETSIZE (%d)", fd, FD_SETSIZE);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Socket will not be monitored for data - may cause performance issues!");
     return false;
   }
-#endif
 
   this->socket_fds_.push_back(fd);
   this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;

esphome/core/application.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/scheduler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
 #include "esphome/core/device.h"
@@ -248,6 +249,8 @@ class Application {
   bool is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled() const { return this->name_add_mac_suffix_; }
 
   std::string get_compilation_time() const { return this->compilation_time_; }
+  /// Get the compilation time as StringRef (for API usage)
+  StringRef get_compilation_time_ref() const { return StringRef(this->compilation_time_); }
 
   /// Get the cached time in milliseconds from when the current component started its loop execution
   inline uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT get_loop_component_start_time() const { return this->loop_component_start_time_; }

esphome/core/base_automation.h

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/scheduler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -158,7 +160,16 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DelayAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Compon
   void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     auto f = std::bind(&DelayAction<Ts...>::play_next_, this, x...);
     this->num_running_++;
-    this->set_timeout("delay", this->delay_.value(x...), f);
+
+    // If num_running_ > 1, we have multiple instances running in parallel
+    // In single/restart/queued modes, only one instance runs at a time
+    // Parallel mode uses skip_cancel=true to allow multiple delays to coexist
+    // WARNING: This can accumulate delays if scripts are triggered faster than they complete!
+    // Users should set max_runs on parallel scripts to limit concurrent executions.
+    // Issue #10264: This is a workaround for parallel script delays interfering with each other.
+    App.scheduler.set_timer_common_(this, Scheduler::SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
+                                    /* is_static_string= */ true, "delay", this->delay_.value(x...), std::move(f),
+                                    /* is_retry= */ false, /* skip_cancel= */ this->num_running_ > 1);
   }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 

esphome/core/entity_helpers.py

@@ -236,10 +236,21 @@ def entity_duplicate_validator(platform: str) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigTy
             if existing_component != "unknown":
                 conflict_msg += f" from component '{existing_component}'"
 
+            # Show both original names and their ASCII-only versions if they differ
+            sanitized_msg = ""
+            if entity_name != existing_name:
+                sanitized_msg = (
+                    f"\n  Original names: '{entity_name}' and '{existing_name}'"
+                    f"\n  Both convert to ASCII ID: '{name_key}'"
+                    "\n  To fix: Add unique ASCII characters (e.g., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B')"
+                    "\n          to distinguish them"
+                )
+
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Duplicate {platform} entity with name '{entity_name}' found{device_prefix}. "
                 f"{conflict_msg}. "
-                f"Each entity on a device must have a unique name within its platform."
+                "Each entity on a device must have a unique name within its platform."
+                f"{sanitized_msg}"
             )
 
         # Store metadata about this entity

esphome/core/scheduler.cpp

@@ -65,14 +65,17 @@ static void validate_static_string(const char *name) {
 
 // Common implementation for both timeout and interval
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool is_static_string,
-                                      const void *name_ptr, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry) {
+                                      const void *name_ptr, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry,
+                                      bool skip_cancel) {
   // Get the name as const char*
   const char *name_cstr = this->get_name_cstr_(is_static_string, name_ptr);
 
   if (delay == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN) {
     // Still need to cancel existing timer if name is not empty
-    LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-    this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+    if (!skip_cancel) {
+      LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
+      this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -82,7 +85,13 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   item->set_name(name_cstr, !is_static_string);
   item->type = type;
   item->callback = std::move(func);
+  // Initialize remove to false (though it should already be from constructor)
+  // Not using mark_item_removed_ helper since we're setting to false, not true
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  item->remove.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
   item->remove = false;
+#endif
   item->is_retry = is_retry;
 
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
@@ -91,7 +100,9 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   if (delay == 0 && type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) {
     // Put in defer queue for guaranteed FIFO execution
     LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-    this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+    if (!skip_cancel) {
+      this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+    }
     this->defer_queue_.push_back(std::move(item));
     return;
   }
@@ -144,9 +155,11 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     return;
   }
 
-  // If name is provided, do atomic cancel-and-add
+  // If name is provided, do atomic cancel-and-add (unless skip_cancel is true)
   // Cancel existing items
-  this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+  if (!skip_cancel) {
+    this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_cstr, type);
+  }
   // Add new item directly to to_add_
   // since we have the lock held
   this->to_add_.push_back(std::move(item));
@@ -398,6 +411,31 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
         this->pop_raw_();
         continue;
       }
+
+      // Check if item is marked for removal
+      // This handles two cases:
+      // 1. Item was marked for removal after cleanup_() but before we got here
+      // 2. Item is marked for removal but wasn't at the front of the heap during cleanup_()
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
+      // Multi-threaded platforms without atomics: must take lock to safely read remove flag
+      {
+        LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
+        if (is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
+          this->pop_raw_();
+          this->to_remove_--;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+#else
+      // Single-threaded or multi-threaded with atomics: can check without lock
+      if (is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
+        LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
+        this->pop_raw_();
+        this->to_remove_--;
+        continue;
+      }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
       const char *item_name = item->get_name();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Running %s '%s/%s' with interval=%" PRIu32 " next_execution=%" PRIu64 " (now=%" PRIu64 ")",
@@ -518,7 +556,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, const char *name_c
   if (type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT) {
     for (auto &item : this->defer_queue_) {
       if (this->matches_item_(item, component, name_cstr, type, match_retry)) {
-        item->remove = true;
+        this->mark_item_removed_(item.get());
         total_cancelled++;
       }
     }
@@ -528,7 +566,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, const char *name_c
   // Cancel items in the main heap
   for (auto &item : this->items_) {
     if (this->matches_item_(item, component, name_cstr, type, match_retry)) {
-      item->remove = true;
+      this->mark_item_removed_(item.get());
       total_cancelled++;
       this->to_remove_++;  // Track removals for heap items
     }
@@ -537,7 +575,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, const char *name_c
   // Cancel items in to_add_
   for (auto &item : this->to_add_) {
     if (this->matches_item_(item, component, name_cstr, type, match_retry)) {
-      item->remove = true;
+      this->mark_item_removed_(item.get());
       total_cancelled++;
       // Don't track removals for to_add_ items
     }

esphome/core/scheduler.h

@@ -21,8 +21,13 @@ struct RetryArgs;
 void retry_handler(const std::shared_ptr<RetryArgs> &args);
 
 class Scheduler {
-  // Allow retry_handler to access protected members
+  // Allow retry_handler to access protected members for internal retry mechanism
   friend void ::esphome::retry_handler(const std::shared_ptr<RetryArgs> &args);
+  // Allow DelayAction to call set_timer_common_ with skip_cancel=true for parallel script delays.
+  // This is needed to fix issue #10264 where parallel scripts with delays interfere with each other.
+  // We use friend instead of a public API because skip_cancel is dangerous - it can cause delays
+  // to accumulate and overload the scheduler if misused.
+  template<typename... Ts> friend class DelayAction;
 
  public:
   // Public API - accepts std::string for backward compatibility
@@ -97,22 +102,42 @@ class Scheduler {
 
     std::function<void()> callback;
 
-    // Bit-packed fields to minimize padding
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic for lock-free access
+    // Place atomic<bool> separately since it can't be packed with bit fields
+    std::atomic<bool> remove{false};
+
+    // Bit-packed fields (3 bits used, 5 bits padding in 1 byte)
+    enum Type : uint8_t { TIMEOUT, INTERVAL } type : 1;
+    bool name_is_dynamic : 1;  // True if name was dynamically allocated (needs delete[])
+    bool is_retry : 1;         // True if this is a retry timeout
+                               // 5 bits padding
+#else
+    // Single-threaded or multi-threaded without atomics: can pack all fields together
+    // Bit-packed fields (4 bits used, 4 bits padding in 1 byte)
     enum Type : uint8_t { TIMEOUT, INTERVAL } type : 1;
     bool remove : 1;
     bool name_is_dynamic : 1;  // True if name was dynamically allocated (needs delete[])
     bool is_retry : 1;         // True if this is a retry timeout
-    // 4 bits padding
+                               // 4 bits padding
+#endif
 
     // Constructor
     SchedulerItem()
         : component(nullptr),
           interval(0),
           next_execution_(0),
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+          // remove is initialized in the member declaration as std::atomic<bool>{false}
+          type(TIMEOUT),
+          name_is_dynamic(false),
+          is_retry(false) {
+#else
           type(TIMEOUT),
           remove(false),
           name_is_dynamic(false),
           is_retry(false) {
+#endif
       name_.static_name = nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -164,7 +189,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 
   // Common implementation for both timeout and interval
   void set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool is_static_string, const void *name_ptr,
-                         uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry = false);
+                         uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry = false, bool skip_cancel = false);
 
   // Common implementation for retry
   void set_retry_common_(Component *component, bool is_static_string, const void *name_ptr, uint32_t initial_wait_time,
@@ -219,6 +244,37 @@ class Scheduler {
     return item->remove || (item->component != nullptr && item->component->is_failed());
   }
 
+  // Helper to check if item is marked for removal (platform-specific)
+  // Returns true if item should be skipped, handles platform-specific synchronization
+  // For ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS platforms, the caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this
+  // function.
+  bool is_item_removed_(SchedulerItem *item) const {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic load for lock-free access
+    return item->remove.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+#else
+    // Single-threaded (ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE) or
+    // multi-threaded without atomics (ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS): direct read
+    // For ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, caller MUST hold lock!
+    return item->remove;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Helper to mark item for removal (platform-specific)
+  // For ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS platforms, the caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this
+  // function.
+  void mark_item_removed_(SchedulerItem *item) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic store
+    item->remove.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+#else
+    // Single-threaded (ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE) or
+    // multi-threaded without atomics (ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS): direct write
+    // For ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, caller MUST hold lock!
+    item->remove = true;
+#endif
+  }
+
   // Template helper to check if any item in a container matches our criteria
   template<typename Container>
   bool has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_(const Container &container, Component *component, const char *name_cstr,

requirements_test.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==3.3.8
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.12.9  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.12.8  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.20.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common-esp32.yaml

tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common-esp32.yaml

tests/components/deep_sleep/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common-esp32.yaml

tests/components/esp32_ble_tracker/test-on-scan-end.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+esp32_ble_tracker:
+  on_scan_end:
+    - logger.log: "Scan ended!"

tests/integration/fixtures/light_calls.yaml

@@ -56,10 +56,29 @@ light:
     warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
     constant_brightness: true
     effects:
+      # Use default parameters:
       - random:
-          name: "Random Effect"
+      # Customize parameters - use longer names to potentially trigger buffer issues
+      - random:
+          name: "My Very Slow Random Effect With Long Name"
+          transition_length: 30ms
+          update_interval: 30ms
+      - random:
+          name: "My Fast Random Effect That Changes Quickly"
+          transition_length: 4ms
+          update_interval: 5ms
+      - random:
+          name: "Random Effect With Medium Length Name Here"
           transition_length: 100ms
           update_interval: 200ms
+      - random:
+          name: "Another Random Effect With Different Parameters"
+          transition_length: 2ms
+          update_interval: 3ms
+      - random:
+          name: "Yet Another Random Effect To Test Memory"
+          transition_length: 15ms
+          update_interval: 20ms
       - strobe:
           name: "Strobe Effect"
       - pulse:
@@ -73,6 +92,17 @@ light:
     red: test_red
     green: test_green
     blue: test_blue
+    effects:
+      # Same random effects to test for cross-contamination
+      - random:
+      - random:
+          name: "RGB Slow Random"
+          transition_length: 20ms
+          update_interval: 25ms
+      - random:
+          name: "RGB Fast Random"
+          transition_length: 2ms
+          update_interval: 3ms
 
   - platform: binary
     name: "Test Binary Light"

tests/integration/fixtures/parallel_script_delays.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-parallel-delays
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: test_parallel_delays
+      then:
+        # Start three parallel script instances with small delays between starts
+        - globals.set:
+            id: instance_counter
+            value: '1'
+        - script.execute: parallel_delay_script
+        - delay: 10ms
+        - globals.set:
+            id: instance_counter
+            value: '2'
+        - script.execute: parallel_delay_script
+        - delay: 10ms
+        - globals.set:
+            id: instance_counter
+            value: '3'
+        - script.execute: parallel_delay_script
+
+globals:
+  - id: instance_counter
+    type: int
+    initial_value: '0'
+
+script:
+  - id: parallel_delay_script
+    mode: parallel
+    then:
+      - lambda: !lambda |-
+          int instance = id(instance_counter);
+          ESP_LOGI("TEST", "Parallel script instance %d started", instance);
+      - delay: 1s
+      - lambda: !lambda |-
+          static int completed_counter = 0;
+          completed_counter++;
+          ESP_LOGI("TEST", "Parallel script instance %d completed after delay", completed_counter);

tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+esphome:
+  name: scheduler-removed-item-race
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  services:
+    - service: run_test
+      then:
+        - script.execute: run_test_script
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+globals:
+  - id: test_passed
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: 'true'
+  - id: removed_item_executed
+    type: int
+    initial_value: '0'
+  - id: normal_item_executed
+    type: int
+    initial_value: '0'
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_sensor
+    name: "Test Sensor"
+    update_interval: never
+    lambda: return 0.0;
+
+script:
+  - id: run_test_script
+    then:
+      - logger.log: "=== Starting Removed Item Race Test ==="
+
+      # This test creates a scenario where:
+      # 1. First item in heap is NOT cancelled (cleanup stops immediately)
+      # 2. Items behind it ARE cancelled (remain in heap after cleanup)
+      # 3. All items execute at the same time, including cancelled ones
+
+      - lambda: |-
+          // The key to hitting the race:
+          // 1. Add items in a specific order to control heap structure
+          // 2. Cancel ONLY items that won't be at the front
+          // 3. Ensure the first item stays non-cancelled so cleanup_() stops immediately
+
+          // Schedule all items to execute at the SAME time (1ms from now)
+          // Using 1ms instead of 0 to avoid defer queue on multi-core platforms
+          // This ensures they'll all be ready together and go through the heap
+          const uint32_t exec_time = 1;
+
+          // CRITICAL: Add a non-cancellable item FIRST
+          // This will be at the front of the heap and block cleanup_()
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "blocker", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGD("test", "Blocker timeout executed (expected) - was at front of heap");
+            id(normal_item_executed)++;
+          });
+
+          // Now add items that we WILL cancel
+          // These will be behind the blocker in the heap
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_1", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "RACE: Cancelled timeout 1 executed after being cancelled!");
+            id(removed_item_executed)++;
+            id(test_passed) = false;
+          });
+
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_2", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "RACE: Cancelled timeout 2 executed after being cancelled!");
+            id(removed_item_executed)++;
+            id(test_passed) = false;
+          });
+
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_3", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "RACE: Cancelled timeout 3 executed after being cancelled!");
+            id(removed_item_executed)++;
+            id(test_passed) = false;
+          });
+
+          // Add some more normal items
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "normal_1", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGD("test", "Normal timeout 1 executed (expected)");
+            id(normal_item_executed)++;
+          });
+
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "normal_2", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGD("test", "Normal timeout 2 executed (expected)");
+            id(normal_item_executed)++;
+          });
+
+          App.scheduler.set_timeout(id(test_sensor), "normal_3", exec_time, []() {
+            ESP_LOGD("test", "Normal timeout 3 executed (expected)");
+            id(normal_item_executed)++;
+          });
+
+          // Force items into the heap before cancelling
+          App.scheduler.process_to_add();
+
+          // NOW cancel the items - they're behind "blocker" in the heap
+          // When cleanup_() runs, it will see "blocker" (not removed) at the front
+          // and stop immediately, leaving cancel_1, cancel_2, cancel_3 in the heap
+          bool c1 = App.scheduler.cancel_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_1");
+          bool c2 = App.scheduler.cancel_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_2");
+          bool c3 = App.scheduler.cancel_timeout(id(test_sensor), "cancel_3");
+
+          ESP_LOGD("test", "Cancelled items (behind blocker): %s, %s, %s",
+                   c1 ? "true" : "false",
+                   c2 ? "true" : "false",
+                   c3 ? "true" : "false");
+
+          // The heap now has:
+          // - "blocker" at front (not cancelled)
+          // - cancelled items behind it (marked remove=true but still in heap)
+          // - When all execute at once, cleanup_() stops at "blocker"
+          // - The loop then executes ALL ready items including cancelled ones
+
+          ESP_LOGD("test", "Setup complete. Blocker at front prevents cleanup of cancelled items behind it");
+
+      # Wait for all timeouts to execute (or not)
+      - delay: 20ms
+
+      # Check results
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "=== Test Results ===");
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Normal items executed: %d (expected 4)", id(normal_item_executed));
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "Removed items executed: %d (expected 0)", id(removed_item_executed));
+
+          if (id(removed_item_executed) > 0) {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "TEST FAILED: %d cancelled items were executed!", id(removed_item_executed));
+            id(test_passed) = false;
+          } else if (id(normal_item_executed) != 4) {
+            ESP_LOGE("test", "TEST FAILED: Expected 4 normal items, got %d", id(normal_item_executed));
+            id(test_passed) = false;
+          } else {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "TEST PASSED: No cancelled items were executed");
+          }
+
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "=== Test Complete ===");

tests/integration/test_automations.py

@@ -89,3 +89,73 @@ async def test_delay_action_cancellation(
         assert 0.4 < time_from_second_start < 0.6, (
             f"Delay completed {time_from_second_start:.3f}s after second start, expected ~0.5s"
         )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_parallel_script_delays(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that parallel scripts with delays don't interfere with each other."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track script executions
+    script_starts: list[float] = []
+    script_ends: list[float] = []
+
+    # Patterns to match
+    start_pattern = re.compile(r"Parallel script instance \d+ started")
+    end_pattern = re.compile(r"Parallel script instance \d+ completed after delay")
+
+    # Future to track when all scripts have completed
+    all_scripts_completed = loop.create_future()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for parallel script messages."""
+        current_time = loop.time()
+
+        if start_pattern.search(line):
+            script_starts.append(current_time)
+
+        if end_pattern.search(line):
+            script_ends.append(current_time)
+            # Check if we have all 3 completions
+            if len(script_ends) == 3 and not all_scripts_completed.done():
+                all_scripts_completed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Get services
+        entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Find our test service
+        test_service = next(
+            (s for s in services if s.name == "test_parallel_delays"), None
+        )
+        assert test_service is not None, "test_parallel_delays service not found"
+
+        # Execute the test - this will start 3 parallel scripts with 1 second delays
+        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+
+        # Wait for all scripts to complete (should take ~1 second, not 3)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(all_scripts_completed, timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Verify we had 3 starts and 3 ends
+        assert len(script_starts) == 3, (
+            f"Expected 3 script starts, got {len(script_starts)}"
+        )
+        assert len(script_ends) == 3, f"Expected 3 script ends, got {len(script_ends)}"
+
+        # Verify they ran in parallel - all should complete within ~1.5 seconds
+        first_start = min(script_starts)
+        last_end = max(script_ends)
+        total_time = last_end - first_start
+
+        # If running in parallel, total time should be close to 1 second
+        # If they were interfering (running sequentially), it would take 3+ seconds
+        assert total_time < 1.5, (
+            f"Parallel scripts took {total_time:.2f}s total, should be ~1s if running in parallel"
+        )

tests/integration/test_light_calls.py

@@ -108,14 +108,51 @@ async def test_light_calls(
         # Wait for flash to end
         state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
 
-        # Test 13: effect only
+        # Test 13: effect only - test all random effects
         # First ensure light is on
         client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, state=True)
         state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
-        # Now set effect
-        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="Random Effect")
+
+        # Test 13a: Default random effect (no name, gets default name "Random")
+        client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="Random")
         state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
-        assert state.effect == "Random Effect"
+        assert state.effect == "Random"
+
+        # Test 13b: Slow random effect with long name
+        client.light_command(
+            key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="My Very Slow Random Effect With Long Name"
+        )
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.effect == "My Very Slow Random Effect With Long Name"
+
+        # Test 13c: Fast random effect with long name
+        client.light_command(
+            key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="My Fast Random Effect That Changes Quickly"
+        )
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.effect == "My Fast Random Effect That Changes Quickly"
+
+        # Test 13d: Random effect with medium length name
+        client.light_command(
+            key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="Random Effect With Medium Length Name Here"
+        )
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.effect == "Random Effect With Medium Length Name Here"
+
+        # Test 13e: Another random effect
+        client.light_command(
+            key=rgbcw_light.key,
+            effect="Another Random Effect With Different Parameters",
+        )
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.effect == "Another Random Effect With Different Parameters"
+
+        # Test 13f: Yet another random effect
+        client.light_command(
+            key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="Yet Another Random Effect To Test Memory"
+        )
+        state = await wait_for_state_change(rgbcw_light.key)
+        assert state.effect == "Yet Another Random Effect To Test Memory"
 
         # Test 14: stop effect
         client.light_command(key=rgbcw_light.key, effect="None")

tests/integration/test_scheduler_removed_item_race.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Test for scheduler race condition where removed items still execute."""
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_scheduler_removed_item_race(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that items marked for removal don't execute.
+
+    This test verifies the fix for a race condition where:
+    1. cleanup_() only removes items from the front of the heap
+    2. Items in the middle of the heap marked for removal still execute
+    3. This causes cancelled timeouts to run when they shouldn't
+    """
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    test_complete_future: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track test results
+    test_passed = False
+    removed_executed = 0
+    normal_executed = 0
+
+    # Patterns to match
+    race_pattern = re.compile(r"RACE: .* executed after being cancelled!")
+    passed_pattern = re.compile(r"TEST PASSED")
+    failed_pattern = re.compile(r"TEST FAILED")
+    complete_pattern = re.compile(r"=== Test Complete ===")
+    normal_count_pattern = re.compile(r"Normal items executed: (\d+)")
+    removed_count_pattern = re.compile(r"Removed items executed: (\d+)")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for test results."""
+        nonlocal test_passed, removed_executed, normal_executed
+
+        if race_pattern.search(line):
+            # Race condition detected - a cancelled item executed
+            test_passed = False
+
+        if passed_pattern.search(line):
+            test_passed = True
+        elif failed_pattern.search(line):
+            test_passed = False
+
+        normal_match = normal_count_pattern.search(line)
+        if normal_match:
+            normal_executed = int(normal_match.group(1))
+
+        removed_match = removed_count_pattern.search(line)
+        if removed_match:
+            removed_executed = int(removed_match.group(1))
+
+        if not test_complete_future.done() and complete_pattern.search(line):
+            test_complete_future.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Verify we can connect
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "scheduler-removed-item-race"
+
+        # List services
+        _, services = await asyncio.wait_for(
+            client.list_entities_services(), timeout=5.0
+        )
+
+        # Find run_test service
+        run_test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "run_test"), None)
+        assert run_test_service is not None, "run_test service not found"
+
+        # Execute the test
+        client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
+
+        # Wait for test completion
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(test_complete_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Test did not complete within timeout")
+
+        # Verify results
+        assert test_passed, (
+            f"Test failed! Removed items executed: {removed_executed}, "
+            f"Normal items executed: {normal_executed}"
+        )
+        assert removed_executed == 0, (
+            f"Cancelled items should not execute, but {removed_executed} did"
+        )
+        assert normal_executed == 4, (
+            f"Expected 4 normal items to execute, got {normal_executed}"
+        )

tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py

@@ -705,3 +705,48 @@ def test_empty_or_null_device_id_on_entity() -> None:
     config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature", CONF_DEVICE_ID: None}
     validated2 = validator(config2)
     assert validated2 == config2
+
+
+def test_entity_duplicate_validator_non_ascii_names() -> None:
+    """Test that non-ASCII names show helpful error messages."""
+    # Create validator for binary_sensor platform
+    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("binary_sensor")
+
+    # First Russian sensor should pass
+    config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Датчик открытия основного крана"}
+    validated1 = validator(config1)
+    assert validated1 == config1
+
+    # Second Russian sensor with different text but same ASCII conversion should fail
+    config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Датчик закрытия основного крана"}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid,
+        match=re.compile(
+            r"Duplicate binary_sensor entity with name 'Датчик закрытия основного крана' found.*"
+            r"Original names: 'Датчик закрытия основного крана' and 'Датчик открытия основного крана'.*"
+            r"Both convert to ASCII ID: '_______________________________'.*"
+            r"To fix: Add unique ASCII characters \(e\.g\., '1', '2', or 'A', 'B'\)",
+            re.DOTALL,
+        ),
+    ):
+        validator(config2)
+
+
+def test_entity_duplicate_validator_same_name_no_enhanced_message() -> None:
+    """Test that identical names don't show the enhanced message."""
+    # Create validator for sensor platform
+    validator = entity_duplicate_validator("sensor")
+
+    # First entity should pass
+    config1 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature"}
+    validated1 = validator(config1)
+    assert validated1 == config1
+
+    # Second entity with exact same name should fail without enhanced message
+    config2 = {CONF_NAME: "Temperature"}
+    with pytest.raises(
+        Invalid,
+        match=r"Duplicate sensor entity with name 'Temperature' found.*"
+        r"Each entity on a device must have a unique name within its platform\.$",
+    ):
+        validator(config2)