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---
name: ha-frontend-components
description: Home Assistant frontend component patterns. Use when implementing or reviewing dialogs, ha-form, ha-alert, keyboard shortcuts, tooltips, panels, Lovelace cards, or ha-button usage.
---
# HA Frontend Components
Use this skill when creating or reviewing Home Assistant UI components and common interaction patterns.
## Dialogs
Open dialogs through the fire-event pattern:
```ts
fireEvent(this, "show-dialog", {
dialogTag: "dialog-example",
dialogImport: () => import("./dialog-example"),
dialogParams: { title: "Example", data: someData },
});
```
Dialog implementation requirements:
- Use `ha-dialog`.
- Implement `HassDialog<T>`.
- Use `@state() private _open = false` to control visibility.
- Set `_open = true` in `showDialog()` and `_open = false` in `closeDialog()`.
- Return `nothing` while required params are absent.
- Fire `dialog-closed` in the close handler.
- Use `header-title` and `header-subtitle` for simple header text.
- Use slots when standard header attributes are not enough.
- Use `ha-dialog-footer` with `primaryAction` and `secondaryAction` slots.
- Add `autofocus` to the first focusable element, such as `<ha-form autofocus>`, and forward it internally if needed.
Use standard dialog widths: `small`, `medium`, `large`, or `full`. Avoid custom dialog sizing unless there is a clear product need.
## Buttons
`ha-button` wraps the Web Awesome button in `src/components/ha-button.ts`.
Axes:
- `variant`: `brand`, `neutral`, `danger`, `warning`, `success`.
- `appearance`: `accent`, `filled`, `outlined`, `plain`.
- `size`: `xs`, `s`, `m`, `l`, `xl`.
Common usage:
- Use `appearance="filled"` for primary emphasis when needed.
- Use `appearance="plain"` for cancel and dismiss actions.
- Use `variant="danger"` for destructive actions.
- Place primary actions in `slot="primaryAction"` and secondary actions in `slot="secondaryAction"`.
## Forms
`ha-form` is schema-driven with `HaFormSchema[]` and supports common selectors for entities, devices, areas, targets, numbers, booleans, time, actions, text, objects, selects, icons, media, and location.
Use `computeLabel`, `computeError`, and `computeHelper` for translated labels, validation, and helper text.
```ts
<ha-form
.hass=${this.hass}
.data=${this._data}
.schema=${this._schema}
.error=${this._errors}
.computeLabel=${(schema) => this.hass.localize(`ui.panel.${schema.name}`)}
@value-changed=${this._valueChanged}
></ha-form>
```
## Alerts
Use `ha-alert` for user-visible status messaging.
- Alert types: `error`, `warning`, `info`, `success`.
- Useful properties: `title`, `alert-type`, `dismissable`, `narrow`.
- Slots: `icon` for custom leading icon, `action` for custom action content.
- Content is announced by screen readers when dynamically displayed.
```html
<ha-alert alert-type="error">Error message</ha-alert>
<ha-alert alert-type="warning" title="Warning">Description</ha-alert>
<ha-alert alert-type="success" dismissable>Success message</ha-alert>
```
## Shortcuts And Tooltips
Use `ShortcutManager` from `src/common/keyboard/shortcuts.ts` for keyboard shortcuts. It blocks shortcuts in input fields, can prevent shortcuts during text selection, and supports character and KeyCode shortcuts for non-latin keyboards. See `src/state/quick-bar-mixin.ts` for global shortcut examples.
Use `ha-tooltip` from `src/components/ha-tooltip.ts` for contextual hover help. See `src/components/ha-label.ts` for an example.
## Panels And Lovelace Cards
Panels commonly extend `SubscribeMixin(LitElement)` and receive route and narrow-layout properties.
Lovelace cards should implement `LovelaceCard`, validate config in `setConfig()`, handle loading, error, unavailable, and missing-entity states, and add a configuration editor when needed.
Cards are user-story surfaces. Support different households, entity types, responsive layouts, and accessible interaction states.
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---
name: ha-frontend-contexts
description: Home Assistant frontend Lit context and hass migration guidance. Use when adding or changing component state access, replacing hass reads, consuming entity or registry contexts, or reviewing rerender behavior.
---
# HA Frontend Contexts
Use this skill when a component reads Home Assistant state, registries, localization, services, config, UI data, connection state, or API helpers.
## Goal
Move leaf components away from the broad `hass: HomeAssistant` object. Broad `hass` access rerenders components for unrelated changes, hides the data a component depends on, and makes tests harder to mock.
Container components may keep `hass` when they own it and feed providers. Leaf components should consume the narrowest context that covers their reads.
## Core Files
- Context definitions: `src/data/context/index.ts`
- Entity-scoped consume helpers: `src/common/decorators/consume-context-entry.ts`
- Transform decorator: `src/common/decorators/transform.ts`
- Canonical migration example: `src/panels/lovelace/cards/hui-button-card.ts`
- Providers are wired by `contextMixin` on `HassBaseEl`; consumers do not wire providers manually.
## Context Selection
| Context | Replaces |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `statesContext` | `hass.states` |
| `entitiesContext`, `devicesContext`, `areasContext`, `floorsContext` | `hass.entities`, `hass.devices`, `hass.areas`, `hass.floors` |
| `registriesContext` | all four registries together |
| `servicesContext` | `hass.services` |
| `internationalizationContext` | `hass.localize`, `hass.locale`, `hass.language` |
| `formattersContext` | entity and attribute formatters |
| `configContext` | `hass.config`, `hass.user`, `hass.auth`, `hass.userData` |
| `connectionContext` | `hass.connection`, `hass.connected`, `hass.hassUrl` |
| `apiContext` | `hass.callService`, `hass.callApi`, `hass.callWS`, `hass.sendWS`, `hass.fetchWithAuth` |
| `uiContext` | themes, selected theme, panels, sidebar, and UI state |
| `narrowViewportContext` | narrow-layout boolean |
Lazy contexts subscribe on first consumer and tear down after the last consumer: `labelsContext`, `fullEntitiesContext`, `configEntriesContext`, and `manifestsContext`.
The single-field contexts such as `localizeContext`, `themesContext`, and `userContext` are deprecated. Use grouped contexts instead.
## Consumption Patterns
Use entity-scoped helpers when the component watches an entity id held on the host:
```ts
@state() @consumeEntityState({ entityIdPath: ["_config", "entity"] })
private _stateObj?: HassEntity;
@state() @consumeEntityRegistryEntry({ entityIdPath: ["_config", "entity"] })
private _entity?: EntityRegistryDisplayEntry;
@state() @consumeLocalize()
private _localize!: LocalizeFunc;
```
For a single field from a grouped context, pair `@consume` with `@transform`:
```ts
@state()
@consume({ context: uiContext, subscribe: true })
@transform<HomeAssistantUI, Themes>({ transformer: ({ themes }) => themes })
private _themes!: Themes;
```
Use `@transform` with `watch` when the transformer depends on a host property, such as a computed entity id. `consumeEntityState` only watches the first path segment.
To consume a whole group untransformed, omit `@transform` and type the field as `ContextType<typeof statesContext>` or the matching context type.
## Review Checklist
- The component consumes the narrowest context needed for the data it reads.
- A broad `hass` property is kept only when the component is a container or external API requires it.
- Entity-scoped reads use the consume helpers rather than ad hoc context transforms.
- Context fields are marked `@state()` so updates trigger rendering.
- Tests and mocks only provide the data the component actually consumes.
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---
name: ha-frontend-review
description: Home Assistant frontend PR and review guidance. Use when reviewing frontend changes, preparing a PR, checking recurring review issues, or applying the PR template.
---
# HA Frontend Review
Use this skill when reviewing Home Assistant frontend changes or preparing a pull request.
## Pull Request Body
When creating a pull request, use `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md` as the body.
- Do not omit, reorder, or rewrite template sections.
- Check the appropriate "Type of change" box based on the actual change.
- Do not check checklist items on behalf of the user.
- If the PR includes UI changes, remind the user to add screenshots or a short video.
- Explain what the change does for users, not only implementation details.
- Use Markdown.
## Pre-Submission Checklist
- `yarn lint` passes when practical for the scope.
- `yarn test` or focused relevant tests are green when practical for the scope.
- Tests are added or updated for new data processing and utilities where applicable.
- User-facing text is localized and follows `ha-frontend-user-facing-text` guidance.
- Components handle loading, error, unavailable, and missing-entity states.
- Entity existence is checked before property access.
- Event listeners and subscriptions are cleaned up.
- UI is accessible to screen readers and keyboard users.
## Recurring Review Issues
User experience and accessibility:
- Forms need proper labels, helper text, and validation feedback.
- Form markup should not cause password managers to identify fields incorrectly.
- Clickable areas should be large enough for touch interaction.
- Hover, active, disabled, loading, and focus states should be clear.
Dialog and modal patterns:
- Multi-step operations should show progress.
- Dialog state should survive background operations correctly.
- Cancel and close buttons should behave consistently.
- Defaults should be helpful without blocking user override.
Component design patterns:
- Terminology should be consistent. Use words like "Join" or "Apply" instead of "Group" when that better matches the user action.
- Visual hierarchy should use appropriate font sizes, weights, and spacing ratios.
- Components should align to the design grid.
- Badges and indicators should be placed consistently.
Code quality:
- Null and undefined paths should be handled explicitly.
- Potentially undefined array and object access should be guarded.
- Event handlers, timers, observers, and subscriptions should be cleaned up.
Configuration and props:
- Make configuration fields optional when sensible.
- Provide reasonable defaults.
- Keep APIs extensible without adding speculative abstractions.
- Validate configuration before applying changes.
## Review Flow
- Identify behavioral regressions, bugs, accessibility issues, and missing tests first.
- Keep style-only comments secondary unless they affect maintainability or user experience.
- Prefer small, direct fixes over large refactors during review follow-up.
- Cross-load `ha-frontend-contexts`, `ha-frontend-components`, `ha-frontend-styling`, `ha-frontend-testing`, or `ha-frontend-user-facing-text` when a finding falls in that area.
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---
name: ha-frontend-styling
description: Home Assistant frontend styling, theming, spacing, responsive layout, RTL, and View Transitions guidance. Use when editing CSS, layout, motion, or visual component structure.
---
# HA Frontend Styling
Use this skill when editing CSS, layout, visual hierarchy, theme integration, responsive behavior, RTL support, or view transitions.
## Theme And Layout Basics
- Use Home Assistant CSS custom properties instead of hardcoded colors.
- Use `--ha-space-*` spacing tokens instead of hardcoded spacing where possible.
- Keep components mobile-first and enhance for desktop.
- Keep layouts RTL-safe. Prefer logical properties when they fit.
- Prefer `ha-*` components and current Web Awesome wrappers.
- Avoid adding new legacy Material Web Components (`mwc-*`).
- Scope styles to the component. Do not rely on global styles for component internals.
Spacing tokens are defined in `src/resources/theme/core.globals.ts`. The scale runs from `--ha-space-1` at 4px through `--ha-space-20` at 80px in 4px increments. Common values are `--ha-space-2` at 8px, `--ha-space-4` at 16px, and `--ha-space-8` at 32px.
```ts
static get styles() {
return css`
:host {
padding: var(--ha-space-4);
color: var(--primary-text-color);
background-color: var(--card-background-color);
}
.content {
gap: var(--ha-space-2);
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
:host {
padding: var(--ha-space-2);
}
}
`;
}
```
## Interaction States
- Make touch targets large enough for mobile.
- Provide clear hover, active, focus, disabled, loading, error, and unavailable states.
- Preserve keyboard navigation and visible focus indicators.
- Maintain WCAG AA contrast for text and essential UI affordances.
## View Transitions
Use the View Transitions API only for meaningful continuity between DOM states.
Core resources:
- Utility wrapper: `src/common/util/view-transition.ts`, `withViewTransition()`.
- Launch-screen fade example: `src/util/launch-screen.ts`.
- Animation keyframes: `src/resources/theme/animations.globals.ts`.
- Animation duration tokens: `src/resources/theme/core.globals.ts`.
Implementation rules:
- Use `withViewTransition()` for fallback behavior.
- Keep transitions simple. Subtle fades and crossfades usually work best.
- Use `--ha-animation-duration-fast`, `--ha-animation-duration-normal`, or `--ha-animation-duration-slow` for timing.
- Ensure each `view-transition-name` is unique at any given time.
- Remember only one view transition can run at a time.
- View transitions operate at document level and do not work inside Shadow DOM style isolation. For web components, set `view-transition-name` on `:host` or use document-level transitions.
- The root gets `view-transition-name: root` by default. Target `::view-transition-group(root)` to customize the default page transition.
## Review Checklist
- Styling uses theme variables and spacing tokens where practical.
- Layout is mobile-first and RTL-safe.
- Component styles are scoped.
- Interactive states are clear and accessible.
- Motion is subtle, tokenized, and respects reduced-motion behavior through existing globals.
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---
name: ha-frontend-testing
description: Home Assistant frontend validation workflow. Use when running lint, TypeScript checks, Vitest, Playwright e2e suites, dev servers, or chart-data benchmarks.
---
# HA Frontend Testing
Use this skill when choosing or running validation for frontend changes.
## Core Commands
```bash
yarn lint # ESLint + Prettier + TypeScript + Lit
yarn format # Auto-fix ESLint + Prettier
yarn lint:types # TypeScript compiler, run without file arguments
yarn test # Vitest
yarn dev # App dev server
yarn dev:serve # Local serving dev server
```
Never run `tsc` or `yarn lint:types` with file arguments. File arguments make `tsc` ignore `tsconfig.json` and can emit `.js` files into `src/`.
For focused type feedback on one file, use editor diagnostics instead of a file-scoped `tsc` command.
## Unit And Utility Tests
- Add or update Vitest tests for data processing, utility code, and behavior that can be tested without a browser.
- Mock WebSocket connections and API calls at boundaries.
- Cover loading, error, unavailable, and missing-entity states where relevant.
- Test accessibility-sensitive behavior when it can be asserted without brittle DOM internals.
## Dev Servers
`yarn dev` builds and watches the app, served by a running Home Assistant core configured through `development_repo`.
`yarn dev:serve` also serves locally and supports `-c` for the core URL and `-p` for the port. Default local serving port is 8124.
Dev server commands support `--background`, `--status`, `--stop`, and `--logs [--follow]`.
## Playwright E2E
Each suite has its own dev server port. Playwright reuses an existing server locally when the port is already running; otherwise it performs a slow full build. The rspack watcher recompiles on save, so reruns should not need a restart.
Start the relevant suite server, then run that suite:
| Suite | Server | Test command |
| ------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| App | `yarn test:e2e:app:dev` on 8095 | `yarn test:e2e:app` |
| Demo | `yarn dev:demo` on 8090 | `yarn test:e2e:demo` |
| Gallery | `yarn dev:gallery` on 8100 | `yarn test:e2e:gallery` |
Server reuse and `--stop` use the `/__ha_dev_status` health check, so starting or stopping twice is harmless.
Use `-g "<title>" --project=chromium` to narrow a run. `yarn test:e2e` runs all three suites. Run suites directly; piping through output truncation hides progress and failures.
The app suite uses a stripped-down harness for e2e. Demo and gallery use their normal dev servers.
## Benchmarks
For chart data transforms such as history, statistics, energy, and downsampling, follow `test/benchmarks/README.md`.
Use seeded fixtures, characterization snapshot tests, and `yarn test:bench` before and after optimization. Optimizations must keep output bit-identical.
## Verification Selection
- Documentation-only change: no code test required unless examples or commands changed.
- Type-only or utility change: run focused Vitest if available, then `yarn lint:types` if practical.
- Lit component change: run relevant tests plus lint or typecheck depending on scope.
- E2E-sensitive flow: start the relevant e2e dev server and run the narrow Playwright suite.
- Broad refactor: run `yarn lint` and relevant test suites when practical.
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---
name: ha-frontend-user-facing-text
description: Home Assistant frontend copy, localization, terminology, and user-facing text guidance. Use when adding or reviewing labels, buttons, dialogs, errors, translations, or UI strings.
---
# HA Frontend User-Facing Text
Use this skill for all user-facing text, translations, labels, buttons, dialog copy, errors, helper text, and review comments about wording.
## Localization
- All user-facing text must be translatable.
- Add translation keys to `src/translations/en.json` when introducing new strings.
- Use the localization system instead of inline user-visible strings.
- Prefer complete localized strings with placeholders over concatenating translated fragments.
- Give translators enough context through key naming and placeholders.
```ts
this.hass.localize("ui.panel.config.updates.update_available", {
count: 5,
});
```
## Voice And Style
- Use American English.
- Use a friendly, informational tone.
- Address users directly with "you" and "your" when appropriate.
- Be inclusive, objective, and non-discriminatory.
- Be concise and clear.
- Use active voice.
- Avoid jargon where a familiar home automation term works.
- Always write "Home Assistant" in full. Do not use "HA" or "HASS" in user-facing copy.
- Spell out terms when possible.
- Use sentence case for titles, headings, buttons, labels, and UI elements.
- Use the Oxford comma in lists.
- Prefer "like" over "e.g." and "for example" over "i.e.".
- Avoid all caps for emphasis. Use wording, bold, or italics instead.
- Write for both technical and non-technical users.
Sentence case examples:
- Use: "Create new automation"
- Avoid: "Create New Automation"
- Use: "Device settings"
- Avoid: "Device Settings"
## Terminology
Use "integration" instead of "component" for user-facing product language unless referring to a frontend component in developer context.
Technical product terms are lowercase in prose: automation, entity, device, service.
## Delete, Remove, Create, Add
Use "Remove" for actions that can be restored or reapplied:
- Removing a user's permission.
- Removing a user from a group.
- Removing links between items.
- Removing a widget from a dashboard.
- Removing an item from a cart.
Use "Delete" for permanent, non-recoverable actions:
- Deleting a field.
- Deleting a value in a field.
- Deleting a task.
- Deleting a group.
- Deleting a permission.
- Deleting a calendar event.
Use "Add" for already-existing items:
- Adding a permission to a user.
- Adding a user to a group.
- Adding links between items.
- Adding a widget to a dashboard.
- Adding an item to a cart.
Use "Create" for something made from scratch:
- Creating a new field.
- Creating a new task.
- Creating a new group.
- Creating a new permission.
- Creating a new calendar event.
Create pairs with Delete. Add pairs with Remove.
## Review Checklist
- Text is localized.
- Copy uses sentence case.
- "Home Assistant" is written in full.
- Delete/Remove and Create/Add match recoverability and object lifecycle.
- Placeholders are used instead of string concatenation.
- The wording is concise and understandable without implementation knowledge.
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# GitHub Copilot & Claude Code Instructions
You are an assistant helping with development of the Home Assistant frontend. The frontend is built using Lit-based Web Components and TypeScript, providing a responsive and performant interface for home automation control.
**Note**: This file contains high-level guidelines and references to implementation patterns. For gallery-specific documentation, demos, page structure, and usage examples, see [`gallery/AGENTS.md`](gallery/AGENTS.md).
## Table of Contents
- [Quick Reference](#quick-reference)
- [Core Architecture](#core-architecture)
- [State Access: Contexts Instead of `hass`](#state-access-contexts-instead-of-hass)
- [Development Standards](#development-standards)
- [Component Library](#component-library)
- [Common Patterns](#common-patterns)
- [Text and Copy Guidelines](#text-and-copy-guidelines)
- [Development Workflow](#development-workflow)
- [Review Guidelines](#review-guidelines)
## Quick Reference
### Essential Commands
```bash
yarn lint # ESLint + Prettier + TypeScript + Lit
yarn format # Auto-fix ESLint + Prettier
yarn lint:types # TypeScript compiler (run WITHOUT file arguments)
yarn test # Vitest
yarn dev # Dev server (app; --background/--status/--stop/--logs)
yarn dev:serve # Dev server with serve (-c core URL, -p port; --background/--status/--stop/--logs)
```
> **WARNING:** Never run `tsc` or `yarn lint:types` with file arguments (e.g., `yarn lint:types src/file.ts`). When `tsc` receives file arguments, it ignores `tsconfig.json` and emits `.js` files into `src/`, polluting the codebase. Always run `yarn lint:types` without arguments. For individual file type checking, rely on IDE diagnostics. If `.js` files are accidentally generated, clean up with `git clean -fd src/`.
### Component Prefixes
- `ha-` - Home Assistant components
- `hui-` - Lovelace UI components
- `dialog-` - Dialog components
### Import Patterns
```typescript
import type { HomeAssistant } from "../types";
import { fireEvent } from "../common/dom/fire_event";
import { showAlertDialog } from "../dialogs/generic/show-dialog-box";
```
## Core Architecture
The Home Assistant frontend is a modern web application that:
- Uses Web Components (custom elements) built with Lit framework
- Is written entirely in TypeScript with strict type checking
- Communicates with the backend via WebSocket API
- Provides comprehensive theming and internationalization
## State Access: Contexts Instead of `hass`
Every component used to take the whole `hass: HomeAssistant` object — a god-object that re-renders on any unrelated `hass` change, forces tests to mock everything, and hides what a component actually reads. We're moving leaf components to **fine-grained [Lit context](https://lit.dev/docs/data/context/)**: consume only the slice you need and re-render only when it changes.
For new code, consume the matching context instead of adding a `hass` property. `hass` stays for container components that own it and feed the providers; the canonical migration is [`hui-button-card.ts`](src/panels/lovelace/cards/hui-button-card.ts). Infrastructure: contexts in [`src/data/context/index.ts`](src/data/context/index.ts), the `consume…` helpers in [`src/common/decorators/consume-context-entry.ts`](src/common/decorators/consume-context-entry.ts), and `@transform` in [`src/common/decorators/transform.ts`](src/common/decorators/transform.ts). Providers are wired automatically by `contextMixin` on `HassBaseEl` — you only consume.
### Contexts
Consume the narrowest context that covers your reads:
| Context | Replaces |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `statesContext` | `hass.states` |
| `entitiesContext` / `devicesContext` / `areasContext` / `floorsContext` | `hass.entities` / `.devices` / `.areas` / `.floors` (or `registriesContext` for all four) |
| `servicesContext` | `hass.services` |
| `internationalizationContext` | `hass.localize`, `hass.locale`, `hass.language` |
| `formattersContext` | `hass.formatEntityName`, `hass.formatEntityState`, `hass.formatEntityAttributeName`, … |
| `configContext` | `hass.config`, `hass.user`, `hass.auth`, `hass.userData` |
| `connectionContext` | `hass.connection`, `hass.connected`, `hass.hassUrl` |
| `apiContext` | `hass.callService`, `hass.callApi`, `hass.callWS`, `hass.sendWS`, `hass.fetchWithAuth` |
| `uiContext` | `hass.themes`, `hass.selectedTheme`, `hass.panels`, `hass.dockedSidebar`, … |
| `narrowViewportContext` | narrow-layout boolean |
Lazy contexts (subscribe on first consumer, tear down after the last): `labelsContext`, `fullEntitiesContext`, `configEntriesContext`, `manifestsContext`. The single-field contexts (`localizeContext`, `themesContext`, `userContext`, …) are **deprecated** — use the grouped ones above.
### Consuming
Use the `consume…` helpers for entity-scoped and `localize` reads. `entityIdPath` is resolved against `this`, so these watch `this._config.entity`:
```ts
@state() @consumeEntityState({ entityIdPath: ["_config", "entity"] })
private _stateObj?: HassEntity; // consumeEntityStates(...) for a record of several
@state() @consumeEntityRegistryEntry({ entityIdPath: ["_config", "entity"] })
private _entity?: EntityRegistryDisplayEntry;
@state() @consumeLocalize()
private _localize!: LocalizeFunc;
```
For any other single field, pair `@consume` with `@transform`:
```ts
@state()
@consume({ context: uiContext, subscribe: true })
@transform<HomeAssistantUI, Themes>({ transformer: ({ themes }) => themes })
private _themes!: Themes;
```
`@transform`'s `watch` option re-runs the transformer when a host prop changes — needed when an entity id is computed, since `consumeEntityState` only watches the first path segment. To consume a whole group untransformed, drop `@transform` and type it `ContextType<typeof statesContext>`.
## Development Standards
### Code Quality Requirements
**Linting and Formatting (Enforced by Tools)**
- ESLint config (flat config) extends TypeScript strict, Lit, Web Components, Accessibility (lit-a11y), and import-x
- Prettier with ES5 trailing commas enforced
- No console statements (`no-console: "error"`) - use proper logging
- Import organization: No unused imports, consistent type imports
**Naming Conventions**
- PascalCase for types and classes
- camelCase for variables, methods
- Private methods require leading underscore
- Public methods forbid leading underscore
### TypeScript Usage
- **Always use strict TypeScript**: Enable all strict flags, avoid `any` types
- **Proper type imports**: Use `import type` for type-only imports
- **Define interfaces**: Create proper interfaces for data structures
- **Type component properties**: All Lit properties must be properly typed
- **No unused variables**: Prefix with `_` if intentionally unused
- **Consistent imports**: Use `@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports`
```typescript
// Good
import type { HomeAssistant } from "../types";
interface EntityConfig {
entity: string;
name?: string;
}
@property({ type: Object })
hass!: HomeAssistant;
// Bad
@property()
hass: any;
```
### Web Components with Lit
- **Use Lit 3.x patterns**: Follow modern Lit practices
- **Extend appropriate base classes**: Use `LitElement`, `SubscribeMixin`, or other mixins as needed
- **Define custom element names**: Use `ha-` prefix for components
```typescript
@customElement("ha-my-component")
export class HaMyComponent extends LitElement {
@property({ attribute: false })
hass!: HomeAssistant;
@state()
private _config?: MyComponentConfig;
static get styles() {
return css`
:host {
display: block;
}
`;
}
render() {
return html`<div>Content</div>`;
}
}
```
### Component Guidelines
- **Use composition**: Prefer composition over inheritance
- **Lazy load panels**: Heavy panels should be dynamically imported
- **Optimize renders**: Use `@state()` for internal state, `@property()` for public API
- **Handle loading states**: Always show appropriate loading indicators
- **Support themes**: Use CSS custom properties from theme
### Data Management
- **Use WebSocket API**: All backend communication via home-assistant-js-websocket
- **Prefer contexts over `hass`**: For state reads, consume the relevant Lit context instead of taking the whole `hass` object — see [State Access: Contexts Instead of `hass`](#state-access-contexts-instead-of-hass)
- **Cache appropriately**: Use collections and caching for frequently accessed data
- **Handle errors gracefully**: All API calls should have error handling
- **Update real-time**: Subscribe to state changes for live updates
```typescript
// Good
try {
const result = await fetchEntityRegistry(this.hass.connection);
this._processResult(result);
} catch (err) {
showAlertDialog(this, {
text: `Failed to load: ${err.message}`,
});
}
```
### Styling Guidelines
- **Use CSS custom properties**: Leverage the theme system
- **Use spacing tokens**: Prefer `--ha-space-*` tokens over hardcoded values for consistent spacing
- Spacing scale: `--ha-space-1` (4px) through `--ha-space-20` (80px) in 4px increments
- Defined in `src/resources/theme/core.globals.ts`
- Common values: `--ha-space-2` (8px), `--ha-space-4` (16px), `--ha-space-8` (32px)
- **Mobile-first responsive**: Design for mobile, enhance for desktop
- **Prefer `ha-*` components**: Build on the Home Assistant component library (many now wrap Web Awesome components); avoid new use of legacy Material Web Components (`mwc-*`), which are being phased out
- **Support RTL**: Ensure all layouts work in RTL languages
```typescript
static get styles() {
return css`
:host {
padding: var(--ha-space-4);
color: var(--primary-text-color);
background-color: var(--card-background-color);
}
.content {
gap: var(--ha-space-2);
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
:host {
padding: var(--ha-space-2);
}
}
`;
}
```
### View Transitions
The View Transitions API creates smooth animations between DOM state changes. When implementing view transitions:
**Core Resources:**
- **Utility wrapper**: `src/common/util/view-transition.ts` - `withViewTransition()` function with graceful fallback
- **Real-world example**: `src/util/launch-screen.ts` - Launch screen fade pattern with browser support detection
- **Animation keyframes**: `src/resources/theme/animations.globals.ts` - Global `fade-in`, `fade-out`, `scale` animations
- **Animation duration**: `src/resources/theme/core.globals.ts` - `--ha-animation-duration-fast` (150ms), `--ha-animation-duration-normal` (250ms), `--ha-animation-duration-slow` (350ms) (all respect `prefers-reduced-motion`)
**Implementation Guidelines:**
1. Always use `withViewTransition()` wrapper for automatic fallback
2. Keep transitions simple (subtle crossfades and fades work best)
3. Use `--ha-animation-duration-*` CSS variables for consistent timing (`fast`, `normal`, `slow`)
4. Assign unique `view-transition-name` to elements (must be unique at any given time)
5. For Lit components: Override `performUpdate()` or use `::part()` for internal elements
**Default Root Transition:**
By default, `:root` receives `view-transition-name: root`, creating a full-page crossfade. Target with [`::view-transition-group(root)`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/::view-transition-group) to customize the default page transition.
**Important Constraints:**
- Each `view-transition-name` must be unique at any given time
- Only one view transition can run at a time
- **Shadow DOM incompatibility**: View transitions operate at document level and do not work within Shadow DOM due to style isolation ([spec discussion](https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues/10303)). For web components, set `view-transition-name` on the `:host` element or use document-level transitions
**Specification & Documentation:**
For browser support, API details, and current specifications, refer to these authoritative sources (note: check publication dates as specs evolve):
- [MDN: View Transition API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/View_Transition_API) - Comprehensive API reference
- [Chrome for Developers: View Transitions](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/view-transitions) - Implementation guide and examples
- [W3C Draft Specification](https://drafts.csswg.org/css-view-transitions/) - Official specification (evolving)
### Performance Best Practices
- **Code split**: Split code at the panel/dialog level
- **Lazy load**: Use dynamic imports for heavy components
- **Optimize bundle**: Keep initial bundle size minimal
- **Use virtual scrolling**: For long lists, implement virtual scrolling
- **Memoize computations**: Cache expensive calculations
### Testing Requirements
- **Write tests**: Add tests for data processing and utilities
- **Test with Vitest**: Use the established test framework
- **Mock appropriately**: Mock WebSocket connections and API calls
- **Test accessibility**: Ensure components are accessible
- **Optimizing chart data processing**: When optimizing chart data transforms (history, statistics, energy, downsampling), follow the playbook in [`test/benchmarks/README.md`](test/benchmarks/README.md) — it has seeded fixtures, characterization (snapshot) tests that pin current output, and `vitest bench` benchmarks (`yarn test:bench`) for before/after comparison. Optimizations must keep output bit-identical.
## Component Library
### Dialog Component
**Opening Dialogs (Fire Event Pattern - Recommended):**
```typescript
fireEvent(this, "show-dialog", {
dialogTag: "dialog-example",
dialogImport: () => import("./dialog-example"),
dialogParams: { title: "Example", data: someData },
});
```
**Dialog Implementation Requirements:**
- Use `ha-dialog` component
- Implement `HassDialog<T>` interface
- Use `@state() private _open = false` to control dialog visibility
- Set `_open = true` in `showDialog()`, `_open = false` in `closeDialog()`
- Return `nothing` when no params (loading state)
- Fire `dialog-closed` event in `_dialogClosed()` handler
- Use `header-title` attribute for simple titles
- Use `header-subtitle` attribute for simple subtitles
- Use slots for custom content where the standard attributes are not enough
- Use `ha-dialog-footer` with `primaryAction`/`secondaryAction` slots for footer content
- Add `autofocus` to first focusable element (e.g., `<ha-form autofocus>`). The component may need to forward this attribute internally.
**Dialog Sizing:**
- Use `width` attribute with predefined sizes: `"small"` (320px), `"medium"` (580px - default), `"large"` (1024px), or `"full"`
- Custom sizing is NOT recommended - use the standard width presets
**Button Appearance Guidelines:**
`ha-button` (wraps the Web Awesome button — see `src/components/ha-button.ts`) has two independent axes plus size:
- **`variant`** (color): `"brand"` (default), `"neutral"`, `"danger"`, `"warning"`, `"success"`
- **`appearance`** (fill style): `"accent"`, `"filled"`, `"outlined"`, `"plain"`
- **`size`**: `"xs"` (extra small, 40px), `"s"` (small, 32px), `"m"` (medium, 40px - default), `"l"` (large, 48px), `"xl"` (extra large, 40px)
Common patterns:
- **Primary action**: `appearance="filled"` for emphasis (or the default appearance for a lighter look)
- **Secondary action**: `appearance="plain"` for cancel/dismiss actions
- **Destructive actions**: `variant="danger"` for delete/remove operations (the generic confirmation dialog uses `variant="danger"` for its confirm button — see `src/dialogs/generic/dialog-box.ts`)
- Always place primary action in `slot="primaryAction"` and secondary in `slot="secondaryAction"` within `ha-dialog-footer`
### Form Component (ha-form)
- Schema-driven using `HaFormSchema[]`
- Supports entity, device, area, target, number, boolean, time, action, text, object, select, icon, media, location selectors
- Built-in validation with error display
- Use `computeLabel`, `computeError`, `computeHelper` for translations
```typescript
<ha-form
.hass=${this.hass}
.data=${this._data}
.schema=${this._schema}
.error=${this._errors}
.computeLabel=${(schema) => this.hass.localize(`ui.panel.${schema.name}`)}
@value-changed=${this._valueChanged}
></ha-form>
```
### Alert Component (ha-alert)
- Types: `error`, `warning`, `info`, `success`
- Properties: `title`, `alert-type`, `dismissable`, `narrow`
- Slots: `icon` (override the leading icon), `action` (custom action content)
- Content announced by screen readers when dynamically displayed
```html
<ha-alert alert-type="error">Error message</ha-alert>
<ha-alert alert-type="warning" title="Warning">Description</ha-alert>
<ha-alert alert-type="success" dismissable>Success message</ha-alert>
```
### Keyboard Shortcuts (ShortcutManager)
The `ShortcutManager` class provides a unified way to register keyboard shortcuts with automatic input field protection.
**Key Features:**
- Automatically blocks shortcuts when input fields are focused
- Prevents shortcuts during text selection (configurable via `allowWhenTextSelected`)
- Supports both character-based and KeyCode-based shortcuts (for non-latin keyboards)
**Implementation:**
- **Class definition**: `src/common/keyboard/shortcuts.ts`
- **Real-world example**: `src/state/quick-bar-mixin.ts` - Global shortcuts (e, c, d, m, a, Shift+?) with non-latin keyboard fallbacks
### Tooltip Component (ha-tooltip)
The `ha-tooltip` component wraps Web Awesome tooltip with Home Assistant theming. Use for providing contextual help text on hover.
**Implementation:**
- **Component definition**: `src/components/ha-tooltip.ts`
- **Usage example**: `src/components/ha-label.ts`
## Common Patterns
### Creating a Panel
```typescript
@customElement("ha-panel-myfeature")
export class HaPanelMyFeature extends SubscribeMixin(LitElement) {
@property({ attribute: false })
hass!: HomeAssistant;
@property({ type: Boolean, reflect: true })
narrow!: boolean;
@property()
route!: Route;
hassSubscribe() {
return [
subscribeEntityRegistry(this.hass.connection, (entities) => {
this._entities = entities;
}),
];
}
}
```
#### Creating a Lovelace Card
**Purpose**: Cards allow users to tell different stories about their house.
```typescript
@customElement("hui-my-card")
export class HuiMyCard extends LitElement implements LovelaceCard {
@property({ attribute: false })
hass!: HomeAssistant;
@state()
private _config?: MyCardConfig;
public setConfig(config: MyCardConfig): void {
if (!config.entity) {
throw new Error("Entity required");
}
this._config = config;
}
public getCardSize(): number {
return 3; // Height in grid units
}
// Optional: Editor for card configuration
public static getConfigElement(): LovelaceCardEditor {
return document.createElement("hui-my-card-editor");
}
// Optional: Stub config for card picker
public static getStubConfig(): object {
return { entity: "" };
}
}
```
**Card Guidelines:**
- Cards are highly customizable for different households
- Implement `LovelaceCard` interface with `setConfig()` and `getCardSize()`
- Use proper error handling in `setConfig()`
- Consider all possible states (loading, error, unavailable)
- Support different entity types and states
- Follow responsive design principles
- Add configuration editor when needed
### Internationalization
- **Use localize**: Always use the localization system
- **Add translation keys**: Add keys to src/translations/en.json
- **Support placeholders**: Use proper placeholder syntax
```typescript
this.hass.localize("ui.panel.config.updates.update_available", {
count: 5,
});
```
### Accessibility
- **ARIA labels**: Add appropriate ARIA labels
- **Keyboard navigation**: Ensure all interactions work with keyboard
- **Screen reader support**: Test with screen readers
- **Color contrast**: Meet WCAG AA standards
## Development Workflow
### Setup and Commands
1. **Setup**: `script/setup` - Install dependencies
2. **Develop**: `script/develop` - Development server
3. **Lint**: `yarn lint` - Run all linting before committing
4. **Test**: `yarn test` - Add and run tests
5. **Build**: `script/build_frontend` - Test production build
### Dev servers
`yarn dev` builds and watches the app, served by a running Home Assistant core (`development_repo` setting). `yarn dev:serve` also serves it locally (`-c` core URL, `-p` port, default 8124).
These and the e2e dev servers below take `--background`, `--status`, `--stop`, and `--logs [--follow]`.
### End-to-end (e2e) tests
Each Playwright suite has a dev server on its own port. Playwright reuses a server already on the port (`reuseExistingServer` locally); otherwise it does a slow full build. The rspack watcher recompiles on save, so re-runs need no restart.
Start the suite's dev server, then run the suite:
- **App** (8095): `yarn test:e2e:app:dev`, then `yarn test:e2e:app`
- **Demo** (8090): `yarn dev:demo`, then `yarn test:e2e:demo`
- **Gallery** (8100): `yarn dev:gallery`, then `yarn test:e2e:gallery`
Server reuse and `--stop` key off a `/__ha_dev_status` health check, so starting or stopping twice is harmless. The app suite uses a stripped-down harness built only for e2e; demo and gallery use their normal dev servers.
Add `-g "<title>" --project=chromium` to narrow a run; `yarn test:e2e` runs all three. Run the suite directly, since piping through `tail`/`head` hides progress and truncates results.
### Gallery
For Gallery-specific structure, page/demo naming, sidebar behavior, content standards, and commands, see [`gallery/AGENTS.md`](gallery/AGENTS.md).
### Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Don't manually query the DOM with `querySelector` - use the `@query`/`@queryAll` decorators or component properties
- Don't manipulate DOM directly - Let Lit handle rendering
- Don't use global styles - Scope styles to components
- Don't block the main thread - Use web workers for heavy computation
- Don't ignore TypeScript errors - Fix all type issues
### Security Best Practices
- Sanitize HTML - Never use `unsafeHTML` with user content
- Validate inputs - Always validate user inputs
- Use HTTPS - All external resources must use HTTPS
- CSP compliance - Ensure code works with Content Security Policy
### Pull Requests
When creating a pull request, you **must** use the PR template located at `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md`. Read the template file and use its full content as the PR body, filling in each section appropriately.
- Do not omit, reorder, or rewrite the template sections
- Check the appropriate "Type of change" box based on the changes
- Do not check the checklist items on behalf of the user — those are the user's responsibility to review and check
- If the PR includes UI changes, remind the user to add screenshots or a short video to the PR after creating it
- Be simple and user friendly — explain what the change does, not implementation details
- Use markdown so the user can copy it
### Text and Copy Guidelines
#### Terminology Standards
**Delete vs Remove**
- **Use "Remove"** for actions that can be restored or reapplied:
- Removing a user's permission
- Removing a user from a group
- Removing links between items
- Removing a widget from dashboard
- Removing an item from a cart
- **Use "Delete"** for permanent, non-recoverable actions:
- Deleting a field
- Deleting a value in a field
- Deleting a task
- Deleting a group
- Deleting a permission
- Deleting a calendar event
**Create vs Add** (Create pairs with Delete, Add pairs with Remove)
- **Use "Add"** for already-existing items:
- Adding a permission to a user
- Adding a user to a group
- Adding links between items
- Adding a widget to dashboard
- Adding an item to a cart
- **Use "Create"** for something made from scratch:
- Creating a new field
- Creating a new task
- Creating a new group
- Creating a new permission
- Creating a new calendar event
#### Writing Style (Consistent with Home Assistant Documentation)
- **Use American English**: Standard spelling and terminology
- **Friendly, informational tone**: Be inspiring, personal, comforting, engaging
- **Address users directly**: Use "you" and "your"
- **Be inclusive**: Objective, non-discriminatory language
- **Be concise**: Use clear, direct language
- **Be consistent**: Follow established terminology patterns
- **Use active voice**: "Delete the automation" not "The automation should be deleted"
- **Avoid jargon**: Use terms familiar to home automation users
#### Language Standards
- **Always use "Home Assistant"** in full, never "HA" or "HASS"
- **Avoid abbreviations**: Spell out terms when possible
- **Use sentence case everywhere**: Titles, headings, buttons, labels, UI elements
- ✅ "Create new automation"
- ❌ "Create New Automation"
- ✅ "Device settings"
- ❌ "Device Settings"
- **Oxford comma**: Use in lists (item 1, item 2, and item 3)
- **Replace Latin terms**: Use "like" instead of "e.g.", "for example" instead of "i.e."
- **Avoid CAPS for emphasis**: Use bold or italics instead
- **Write for all skill levels**: Both technical and non-technical users
#### Key Terminology
- **"integration"** (preferred over "component")
- **Technical terms**: Use lowercase (automation, entity, device, service)
#### Translation Considerations
All user-facing text must be translatable — see the **Internationalization** section (under Common Patterns) for the `localize` API and placeholder usage. From a copy perspective:
- **Keep context**: Provide enough context for translators
- **Avoid concatenation**: Prefer full localized strings with placeholders over stitching translated fragments together
### Common Review Issues (From PR Analysis)
Recurring, easy-to-miss problems surfaced in real PR reviews. These complement the standards above rather than repeating them — items already covered earlier (loading states, error handling, mobile layout, theming, import hygiene) are intentionally not duplicated here.
#### User Experience and Accessibility
- **Form validation**: Always provide proper field labels and validation feedback
- **Form accessibility**: Prevent password managers from incorrectly identifying fields
- **Hit targets**: Make clickable areas large enough for touch interaction
- **Visual feedback**: Provide clear indication of interactive states (hover, active, focus)
#### Dialog and Modal Patterns
- **Interview progress**: Show clear progress for multi-step operations
- **State persistence**: Handle dialog state properly during background operations
- **Cancel behavior**: Ensure cancel/close buttons work consistently
- **Form prefilling**: Use smart defaults but allow user override
#### Component Design Patterns
- **Terminology consistency**: Use "Join"/"Apply" instead of "Group" when appropriate
- **Visual hierarchy**: Ensure proper font sizes and spacing ratios
- **Grid alignment**: Components should align to the design grid system
- **Badge placement**: Position badges and indicators consistently
#### Code Quality Issues
- **Null checking**: Always check if entities exist before accessing properties
- **TypeScript safety**: Handle potentially undefined array/object access
- **Event handling and cleanup**: Subscribe/unsubscribe correctly and remove listeners to avoid memory leaks
#### Configuration and Props
- **Optional parameters**: Make configuration fields optional when sensible
- **Smart defaults**: Provide reasonable default values
- **Future extensibility**: Design APIs that can be extended later
- **Validation**: Validate configuration before applying changes
## Review Guidelines
Final pre-submission checklist. Linting and formatting are enforced by tooling, so this focuses on what tools can't catch rather than restating every rule above.
- [ ] `yarn lint` passes (TypeScript, ESLint, Prettier, Lit analyzer) and `yarn test` is green
- [ ] Tests added for new data processing/utilities (where applicable)
- [ ] All user-facing text is localized and follows the Text and Copy guidelines (sentence case, "Home Assistant" in full, Delete/Remove + Create/Add)
- [ ] Components handle all states (loading, error, unavailable)
- [ ] Entity existence checked before property access
- [ ] Event/subscription listeners cleaned up (no memory leaks)
- [ ] Accessible to screen readers and keyboard
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.claude
.claude/*
!.claude/skills
.cursor
.opencode
.serena
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# Home Assistant Frontend Agent Guide
You are helping develop the Home Assistant frontend. This repository is a TypeScript application built from Lit-based Web Components for the Home Assistant web UI.
For gallery-specific documentation, demos, page structure, and examples, read `gallery/AGENTS.md` when working under `gallery/`.
## Essential Commands
```bash
yarn lint # ESLint + Prettier + TypeScript + Lit
yarn format # Auto-fix ESLint + Prettier
yarn lint:types # TypeScript compiler, run without file arguments
yarn test # Vitest
yarn dev # App dev server, supports --background/--status/--stop/--logs
yarn dev:serve # Local serving dev server, supports -c core URL, -p port, and dev flags
```
Never run `tsc` or `yarn lint:types` with file arguments. When `tsc` receives file arguments, it ignores `tsconfig.json` and can emit `.js` files into `src/`. Always run `yarn lint:types` without arguments. For individual file type checking, rely on editor diagnostics.
## Architecture
- The frontend uses custom elements built with Lit and TypeScript strict mode.
- Components communicate with the backend through the Home Assistant WebSocket API.
- Use `ha-` for Home Assistant components, `hui-` for Lovelace UI components, and `dialog-` for dialogs.
- Prefer `ha-*` components and current Web Awesome wrappers. Avoid adding new legacy `mwc-*` usage.
- Leaf components should consume narrow Lit contexts instead of taking the broad `hass` object unless they are containers that own and provide `hass`.
## Development Standards
- Use strict TypeScript, proper interfaces, and `import type` for type-only imports.
- Avoid `any`; model data with existing Home Assistant types or narrow new types.
- Keep imports organized and remove unused imports.
- Do not use `console`; use existing logging or user-visible error patterns.
- Use `@state()` for internal Lit state and `@property()` for public API.
- Do not query or manipulate DOM manually when Lit decorators, component refs, or render state are appropriate.
- Scope styles to components, use theme custom properties, and keep layouts mobile-first and RTL-safe.
- All user-facing text must be localized through the translation system.
## Project Skills
Detailed guidance lives in project skills under `.agents/skills/`. Load the matching skill before detailed implementation or review:
- `ha-frontend-contexts`: Lit contexts, `hass` migration, and rerender-sensitive state access.
- `ha-frontend-components`: dialogs, forms, alerts, shortcuts, tooltips, panels, and Lovelace cards.
- `ha-frontend-styling`: theme variables, spacing tokens, responsive layout, RTL, and view transitions.
- `ha-frontend-testing`: lint, typecheck, Vitest, Playwright e2e dev servers, and benchmarks.
- `ha-frontend-user-facing-text`: localization, terminology, sentence case, and Home Assistant text style.
- `ha-frontend-review`: PR template use, review checklist, and recurring review issues.
## Pull Requests
When creating a pull request, use `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md` as the PR body. Preserve template sections, check only the appropriate type-of-change boxes, and do not check checklist items on behalf of the user. If the PR includes UI changes, remind the user to add screenshots or a short video.
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AGENTS.md