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Franck Nijhof a355abf72f

Add support for multiple event triggers in automation (#15611 )

2020-11-12 12:00:56 +01:00

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title	description
Automation Trigger	All the different ways how automations can be triggered.

What are triggers

Triggers are what starts the processing of an automation rule. When any of the automation's triggers becomes true (trigger fires), Home Assistant will validate the conditions, if any, and call the action.

An automation can be triggered by an event, with a certain entity state, at a given time, and more. These can be specified directly or more flexible via templates. It is also possible to specify multiple triggers for one automation.

The following sections introduce all trigger types and further details to get started.

Event trigger

Fires when an event is being received. Events are the raw building blocks of Home Assistant. You can match events on just the event name or also require specific event data or context to be present.

Events can be fired by integrations or via the API. There is no limitation to the types. A list of built-in events can be found here.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: event
    event_type: MY_CUSTOM_EVENT
    # optional
    event_data:
      mood: happy
    context:
      user_id:
      # any of these will match
        - MY_USER_ID
        - ANOTHER_USER_ID

It is also possible to listen for multiple events at once. This is useful for event that contain no, or similar, data and contexts.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: event
    event_type:
      - automation_reloaded
      - scene_reloaded

Home Assistant trigger

Fires when Home Assistant starts up or shuts down.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: homeassistant
    # Event can also be 'shutdown'
    event: start

MQTT trigger

Fires when a specific message is received on given MQTT topic. Optionally can match on the payload being sent over the topic. The default payload encoding is 'utf-8'. For images and other byte payloads use encoding: '' to disable payload decoding completely.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: mqtt
    topic: living_room/switch/ac
    # Optional
    payload: "on"
    encoding: "utf-8"

Numeric state trigger

Fires when the numeric value of an entity's state (or attribute's value if using the attribute property) crosses a given threshold. On state change of a specified entity, attempts to parse the state as a number and fires if the value is changing from above to below or from below to above the given threshold.

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: numeric_state
    entity_id: sensor.temperature
    # Optional
    value_template: "{{ state.attributes.battery }}"
    # At least one of the following required
    above: 17
    below: 25
    # If given, will trigger when the value of the given attribute for the given entity changes
    attribute: attribute_name
    # If given, will trigger when the condition has been true for X time; you can also use days and milliseconds.
    for:
      hours: 1
      minutes: 10
      seconds: 5

{% endraw %}

Listing above and below together means the numeric_state has to be between the two values. In the example above, the trigger would fire if a numeric_state goes to 17.1-24.9 (from strict above 17 and strict below 25).

The for: can also be specified as HH:MM:SS like this:

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: numeric_state
    entity_id: sensor.temperature
    # Optional
    value_template: "{{ state.attributes.battery }}"
    # At least one of the following required
    above: 17
    below: 25

    # If given, will trigger when condition has been for X time.
    for: "01:10:05"

{% endraw %}

You can also use templates in the for option.

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: numeric_state
    entity_id:
      - sensor.temperature_1
      - sensor.temperature_2
    above: 80
    for:
      minutes: "{{ states('input_number.high_temp_min')|int }}"
      seconds: "{{ states('input_number.high_temp_sec')|int }}"
  action:
    service: persistent_notification.create
    data:
      message: >
        {{ trigger.to_state.name }} too high for {{ trigger.for }}!

{% endraw %}

The for template(s) will be evaluated when an entity changes as specified.

State trigger

Fires when the state of any of given entities changes. If only entity_id is given trigger will fire for all state changes, even if only state attributes change.

The values you see in your overview will often not be the same as the actual state of the entity. For instance, the overview may show Connected when the underlying entity is actually on. You should check the state of the entity by looking in the States menu under Developer tools.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: device_tracker.paulus, device_tracker.anne_therese
    # Optional
    from: "not_home"
    # Optional
    to: "home"

Holding a state

You can use for to have the state trigger only fire if the state holds for some time.

This example fires, when the entity state changed to "on" and holds that state for 30 seconds:

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: light.office
    # Must stay "on" for 30 seconds
    to: "on"
    for: "00:00:30"

Please note, that when holding a state, changes to attributes are ignored and do not cancel the hold time.

You can also fire the trigger when the state value changed from a specific state, but hasn't returned to that state value for the specified time.

This can be useful, e.g., checking if a media player hasn't turned "off" for the time specified, but doesn't care about "playing" or "paused".

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: media_player.kitchen
    # Not "off" for 30 minutes
    from: "off"
    for: "00:30:00"

Please note, that when using from, to and for, only the value of the to option is considered for the time specified.

In this example, the trigger fires if the state value of the entity remains the same for for the time specified, regardless of the current state value.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: media_player.kitchen
    # The media player remained in its current state for 1 hour
    for: "01:00:00"

When the attribute option is specified, all of the above works, but only applies to the specific state value of that attribute. In this case the normal state value of the entity is ignored.

For example, this trigger only fires if the boiler was heating for 10 minutes:

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: climate.living_room
    attribute: hvac_action
    to: "heating"
    for: "00:10:00"

You can also use templates in the for option.

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: state
    entity_id: device_tracker.paulus, device_tracker.anne_therese
    to: "home"
    for:
      minutes: "{{ states('input_number.lock_min')|int }}"
      seconds: "{{ states('input_number.lock_sec')|int }}"
  action:
    service: lock.lock
    entity_id: lock.my_place

{% endraw %}

The for template(s) will be evaluated when an entity changes as specified.

Use quotes around your values for from and to to avoid the YAML parser from interpreting values as booleans.

Sun trigger

Sunset / Sunrise trigger

Fires when the sun is setting or rising, i.e., when the sun elevation reaches 0°.

An optional time offset can be given to have it fire a set time before or after the sun event (e.g., 45 minutes before sunset).

Since the duration of twilight is different throughout the year, it is recommended to use sun elevation triggers instead of sunset or sunrise with a time offset to trigger automations during dusk or dawn.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: sun
    # Possible values: sunset, sunrise
    event: sunset
    # Optional time offset. This example will trigger 45 minutes before sunset.
    offset: "-00:45:00"

Sun elevation trigger

Sometimes you may want more granular control over an automation than simply sunset or sunrise and specify an exact elevation of the sun. This can be used to layer automations to occur as the sun lowers on the horizon or even after it is below the horizon. This is also useful when the "sunset" event is not dark enough outside and you would like the automation to run later at a precise solar angle instead of the time offset such as turning on exterior lighting. For most automations intended to run during dusk or dawn, a number between 0° and -6° is suitable; -4° is used in this example:

{% raw %}

automation:
  alias: "Exterior Lighting on when dark outside"
  trigger:
    platform: numeric_state
    entity_id: sun.sun
    attribute: elevation
    # Can be a positive or negative number
    below: -4.0
  action:
    service: switch.turn_on
    entity_id: switch.exterior_lighting

{% endraw %}

If you want to get more precise, you can use this solar calculator, which will help you estimate what the solar elevation will be at any specific time. Then from this, you can select from the defined twilight numbers.

Although the actual amount of light depends on weather, topography and land cover, they are defined as:

Civil twilight: 0° > Solar angle > -6°

This is what is meant by twilight for the average person: Under clear weather conditions, civil twilight approximates the limit at which solar illumination suffices for the human eye to clearly distinguish terrestrial objects. Enough illumination renders artificial sources unnecessary for most outdoor activities.
Nautical twilight: -6° > Solar angle > -12°
Astronomical twilight: -12° > Solar angle > -18°

A very thorough explanation of this is available in the Wikipedia article about the Twilight.

Tag trigger

Fires when a tag is scanned. For example, a NFC tag is scanned using the Home Assistant Companion mobile application.

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: tag
    tag_id: A7-6B-90-5F

{% endraw %}

Additionally, you can also only trigger if a card is scanned by a specific device/scanner by setting the device_id:

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: tag
    tag_id: A7-6B-90-5F
    device_id: 0e19cd3cf2b311ea88f469a7512c307d

{% endraw %}

Template trigger

Template triggers work by evaluating a template on every state change for all of the recognized entities. The trigger will fire if the state change caused the template to render 'true'. This is achieved by having the template result in a true boolean expression ({% raw %}{{ is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') }}{% endraw %}) or by having the template render 'true' (example below). Being a boolean expression the template must evaluate to false (or anything other than true) before the trigger will fire again. With template triggers you can also evaluate attribute changes by using is_state_attr ({% raw %}{{ is_state_attr('climate.living_room', 'away_mode', 'off') }}{% endraw %})

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: template
    value_template: "{% if is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') %}true{% endif %}"

    # If given, will trigger when template remains true for X time.
    for: "00:01:00"

{% endraw %}

You can also use templates in the for option.

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: template
    value_template: "{{ is_state('device_tracker.paulus', 'home') }}"
    for:
      minutes: "{{ states('input_number.minutes')|int(0) }}"

{% endraw %}

The for template(s) will be evaluated when the value_template becomes true.

Rendering templates with time (now()) is dangerous as trigger templates are only updated based on entity state changes.

As an alternative, providing you include the sensor time in your configuration, you can use the following template:

{% raw %}

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: template
    value_template: "{{ (states.sensor.time.last_changed - states.YOUR.ENTITY.last_changed).total_seconds() > 300 }}"

{% endraw %}

which will evaluate to True if YOUR.ENTITY changed more than 300 seconds ago.

Time trigger

The time trigger is configured to fire once a day at a specific time, or at a specific time on a specific date. There are three allowed formats:

Time String

A string that represents a time to fire on each day. Can be specified as HH:MM or HH:MM:SS. If the seconds are not specified, :00 will be used.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: time
    # Military time format. This trigger will fire at 3:32 PM
    at: "15:32:00"

Input Datetime

The Entity ID of an Input Datetime.

has_date	has_time	Description
`true`	`true`	Will fire at specified date & time.
`true`	`false`	Will fire at midnight on specified date.
`false`	`true`	Will fire once a day at specified time.

{% raw %}

automation:
  - trigger:
      platform: state
      entity_id: binary_sensor.motion
      to: 'on'
    action:
      - service: climate.turn_on
        entity_id: climate.office
      - service: input_datetime.set_datetime
        entity_id: input_datetime.turn_off_ac
        data:
          datetime: >
            {{ (now().timestamp() + 2*60*60)
               | timestamp_custom('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') }}

  - trigger:
      platform: time
      at: input_datetime.turn_off_ac
    action:
      service: climate.turn_off
      entity_id: climate.office

{% endraw %}

Sensors of datetime device class

The Entity ID of a sensor with the "datetime" device class.

automation:
  - trigger:
      platform: time
      at: sensor.phone_next_alarm
    action:
      service: light.turn_on
      entity_id: light.bedroom

Multiple Times

Multiple times can be provided in a list. Both formats can be intermixed.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: time
    at:
      - input_datetime.leave_for_work
      - "18:30:00"

Time pattern trigger

With the time pattern trigger, you can match if the hour, minute or second of the current time matches a specific value. You can prefix the value with a / to match whenever the value is divisible by that number. You can specify * to match any value (when using the web interface this is required, the fields cannot be left empty).

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: time_pattern
    # Matches every hour at 5 minutes past whole
    minutes: 5

automation 2:
  trigger:
    platform: time_pattern
    # Trigger once per minute during the hour of 3
    hours: "3"
    minutes: "*"

automation 3:
  trigger:
    platform: time_pattern
    # You can also match on interval. This will match every 5 minutes
    minutes: "/5"

Do not prefix numbers with a zero - using '00' instead of '0' for example will result in errors.

Webhook trigger

Webhook trigger fires when a web request is made to the webhook endpoint: /api/webhook/<webhook_id>. The webhook endpoint is created automatically when you set it as the webhook_id in an automation trigger.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: webhook
    webhook_id: some_hook_id

You can run this automation by sending an HTTP POST request to http://your-home-assistant:8123/api/webhook/some_hook_id. Here is an example using the curl command line program, with an empty data payload:

curl -X POST https://your-home-assistant:8123/api/webhook/some_hook_id

Webhook endpoints don't require authentication, other than knowing a valid webhook ID. You can send a data payload, either as encoded form data or JSON data. The payload is available in an automation template as either trigger.json or trigger.data. URL query parameters are available in the template as trigger.query. Remember to use an HTTPS URL if you've secured your Home Assistant installation with SSL/TLS.

Note that a given webhook can only be used in one automation at a time. That is, only one automation trigger can use a specific webhook ID.

Zone trigger

Zone trigger fires when an entity is entering or leaving the zone. The entity can be either a person, or a device_tracker. For zone automation to work, you need to have setup a device tracker platform that supports reporting GPS coordinates. This includes GPS Logger, the OwnTracks platform and the iCloud platform.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: zone
    entity_id: person.paulus
    zone: zone.home
    # Event is either enter or leave
    event: enter # or "leave"

Geolocation trigger

Geolocation trigger fires when an entity is appearing in or disappearing from a zone. Entities that are created by a Geolocation platform support reporting GPS coordinates. Because entities are generated and removed by these platforms automatically, the entity id normally cannot be predicted. Instead, this trigger requires the definition of a source, which is directly linked to one of the Geolocation platforms.

automation:
  trigger:
    platform: geo_location
    source: nsw_rural_fire_service_feed
    zone: zone.bushfire_alert_zone
    # Event is either enter or leave
    event: enter # or "leave"

Device triggers

Device triggers encompass a set of events that are defined by an integration. This includes, for example, state changes of sensors as well as button events from remotes. MQTT device triggers are set up through autodiscovery.

In contrast to state triggers, device triggers are tied to a device and not necessarily an entity. To use a device trigger, set up an automation through the browser frontend. If you would like to use a device trigger for an automation that is not managed through the browser frontend, you can copy the YAML from the trigger widget in the frontend and paste it into your automation's trigger list.

Multiple triggers

It is possible to specify multiple triggers for the same rule. To do so just prefix the first line of each trigger with a dash (-) and indent the next lines accordingly. Whenever one of the triggers fires, processing of your automation rule begins.

automation:
  trigger:
    # first trigger
    - platform: time_pattern
      minutes: 5
      # our second trigger is the sunset
    - platform: sun
      event: sunset

Multiple Entity IDs for the same Trigger

It is possible to specify multiple entities for the same trigger. To do so add multiple entities using a nested list. The trigger will fire and start, processing your automation each time the trigger is true for each entity listed.

automation:
  trigger:
    - platform: state
      entity_id:
        - sensor.one
        - sensor.two
        - sensor.three

19 KiB Raw Blame History

What are triggers

Event trigger

Home Assistant trigger

MQTT trigger

Numeric state trigger

State trigger

Holding a state

Sun trigger

Sunset / Sunrise trigger

Sun elevation trigger

Tag trigger

Template trigger

Time trigger

Time String

Input Datetime

Sensors of datetime device class

Multiple Times

Time pattern trigger

Webhook trigger

Zone trigger

Geolocation trigger

Device triggers

Multiple triggers

Multiple Entity IDs for the same Trigger

19 KiB

Raw Blame History