Update readme.md

Signed-off-by: Matt Williams <m@technovangelist.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ scripts
 llm/llama.cpp/ggml
 llm/llama.cpp/gguf
 .env
+.cache

.gitignore

@@ -6,3 +6,6 @@
 dist
 ollama
 ggml-metal.metal
+.cache
+*.exe
+.idea

README.md

@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ curl https://ollama.ai/install.sh | sh
 
 ### Docker
 
-The official [Ollama Docker image `ollama/ollama`](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama)
-is available on Docker Hub.
+The official [Ollama Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama) `ollama/ollama` is available on Docker Hub.
 
 ## Quickstart
 
@@ -48,6 +47,8 @@ Here are some example open-source models that can be downloaded:
 
 | Model              | Parameters | Size  | Download                       |
 | ------------------ | ---------- | ----- | ------------------------------ |
+| Neural Chat        | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run neural-chat`       |
+| Starling           | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run starling-lm`       |
 | Mistral            | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run mistral`           |
 | Llama 2            | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run llama2`            |
 | Code Llama         | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run codellama`         |
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ I'm a basic program that prints the famous "Hello, world!" message to the consol
 ### Pass in prompt as arguments
 
 ```
-$ ollama run llama2 "summarize this file:" "$(cat README.md)"
+$ ollama run llama2 "Summarize this file: $(cat README.md)"
  Ollama is a lightweight, extensible framework for building and running language models on the local machine. It provides a simple API for creating, running, and managing models, as well as a library of pre-built models that can be easily used in a variety of applications.
 ```
 
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ Ollama has a REST API for running and managing models.
 For example, to generate text from a model:
 
 ```
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
   "model": "llama2",
   "prompt":"Why is the sky blue?"
 }'
@@ -217,21 +218,65 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 
 ## Community Integrations
 
+### Mobile
+
+- [Mobile Artificial Intelligence Distribution](https://github.com/MaidFoundation/Maid) (Maid)
+
+### Web & Desktop
+
+- [HTML UI](https://github.com/rtcfirefly/ollama-ui)
+- [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama)
+- [Typescript UI](https://github.com/ollama-interface/Ollama-Gui?tab=readme-ov-file)
+- [Minimalistic React UI for Ollama Models](https://github.com/richawo/minimal-llm-ui)
+- [Web UI](https://github.com/ollama-webui/ollama-webui)
+- [Ollamac](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/Ollamac)
+- [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-agi/blob/main/docs/config-ollama.md)
+- [Cheshire Cat assistant framework](https://github.com/cheshire-cat-ai/core)
+- [Amica](https://github.com/semperai/amica)
+
+### Terminal
+
+- [oterm](https://github.com/ggozad/oterm)
+- [Ellama Emacs client](https://github.com/s-kostyaev/ellama)
+- [Emacs client](https://github.com/zweifisch/ollama)
+- [gen.nvim](https://github.com/David-Kunz/gen.nvim)
+- [ollama.nvim](https://github.com/nomnivore/ollama.nvim)
+- [ogpt.nvim](https://github.com/huynle/ogpt.nvim)
+- [gptel Emacs client](https://github.com/karthink/gptel)
+- [Oatmeal](https://github.com/dustinblackman/oatmeal)
+
+### Package managers
+
+- [Pacman](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/ollama/)
+
+### Libraries
+
 - [LangChain](https://python.langchain.com/docs/integrations/llms/ollama) and [LangChain.js](https://js.langchain.com/docs/modules/model_io/models/llms/integrations/ollama) with [example](https://js.langchain.com/docs/use_cases/question_answering/local_retrieval_qa)
+- [LangChainGo](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/) with [example](https://github.com/tmc/langchaingo/tree/main/examples/ollama-completion-example)
 - [LlamaIndex](https://gpt-index.readthedocs.io/en/stable/examples/llm/ollama.html)
+- [LiteLLM](https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm)
+- [OllamaSharp for .NET](https://github.com/awaescher/OllamaSharp)
+- [Ollama-rs for Rust](https://github.com/pepperoni21/ollama-rs)
+- [Ollama4j for Java](https://github.com/amithkoujalgi/ollama4j)
+- [ModelFusion Typescript Library](https://modelfusion.dev/integration/model-provider/ollama)
+- [OllamaKit for Swift](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/OllamaKit)
+- [Ollama for Dart](https://github.com/breitburg/dart-ollama)
+- [Ollama for Laravel](https://github.com/cloudstudio/ollama-laravel)
+
+### Mobile
+
+- [Maid](https://github.com/danemadsen/Maid) (Mobile Artificial Intelligence Distribution)
+
+### Extensions & Plugins
+
 - [Raycast extension](https://github.com/MassimilianoPasquini97/raycast_ollama)
 - [Discollama](https://github.com/mxyng/discollama) (Discord bot inside the Ollama discord channel)
 - [Continue](https://github.com/continuedev/continue)
 - [Obsidian Ollama plugin](https://github.com/hinterdupfinger/obsidian-ollama)
+- [Logseq Ollama plugin](https://github.com/omagdy7/ollama-logseq)
 - [Dagger Chatbot](https://github.com/samalba/dagger-chatbot)
-- [LiteLLM](https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm)
 - [Discord AI Bot](https://github.com/mekb-turtle/discord-ai-bot)
-- [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama)
-- [HTML UI](https://github.com/rtcfirefly/ollama-ui)
-- [Typescript UI](https://github.com/ollama-interface/Ollama-Gui?tab=readme-ov-file)
-- [Dumbar](https://github.com/JerrySievert/Dumbar)
-- [Emacs client](https://github.com/zweifisch/ollama)
-- [oterm](https://github.com/ggozad/oterm)
-- [Ellama Emacs client](https://github.com/s-kostyaev/ellama)
-- [OllamaSharp for .NET](https://github.com/awaescher/OllamaSharp)
-- [Minimalistic React UI for Ollama Models](https://github.com/richawo/minimal-llm-ui)
+- [Hass Ollama Conversation](https://github.com/ej52/hass-ollama-conversation)
+- [Rivet plugin](https://github.com/abrenneke/rivet-plugin-ollama)
+- [Llama Coder](https://github.com/ex3ndr/llama-coder) (Copilot alternative using Ollama)
+- [Obsidian BMO Chatbot plugin](https://github.com/longy2k/obsidian-bmo-chatbot)

api/client.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ func ClientFromEnvironment() (*Client, error) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	mockRequest, err := http.NewRequest("HEAD", client.base.String(), nil)
+	mockRequest, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, client.base.String(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -95,11 +96,19 @@ func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method, path string, reqData, respData
 	var reqBody io.Reader
 	var data []byte
 	var err error
-	if reqData != nil {
+
+	switch reqData := reqData.(type) {
+	case io.Reader:
+		// reqData is already an io.Reader
+		reqBody = reqData
+	case nil:
+		// noop
+	default:
 		data, err = json.Marshal(reqData)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+
 		reqBody = bytes.NewReader(data)
 	}
 
@@ -287,3 +296,18 @@ func (c *Client) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (c *Client) CreateBlob(ctx context.Context, digest string, r io.Reader) error {
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodHead, fmt.Sprintf("/api/blobs/%s", digest), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		var statusError StatusError
+		if !errors.As(err, &statusError) || statusError.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, fmt.Sprintf("/api/blobs/%s", digest), r, nil); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

api/client.py

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 import os
 import json
 import requests
+import os
+import hashlib
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
 
 BASE_URL = os.environ.get('OLLAMA_HOST', 'http://localhost:11434')
 
 # Generate a response for a given prompt with a provided model. This is a streaming endpoint, so will be a series of responses.
 # The final response object will include statistics and additional data from the request. Use the callback function to override
 # the default handler.
-def generate(model_name, prompt, system=None, template=None, context=None, options=None, callback=None):
+def generate(model_name, prompt, system=None, template=None, format="", context=None, options=None, callback=None):
     try:
         url = f"{BASE_URL}/api/generate"
         payload = {
@@ -16,7 +20,8 @@ def generate(model_name, prompt, system=None, template=None, context=None, optio
             "system": system, 
             "template": template, 
             "context": context, 
-            "options": options
+            "options": options,
+            "format": format,
         }
         
         # Remove keys with None values
@@ -56,30 +61,86 @@ def generate(model_name, prompt, system=None, template=None, context=None, optio
     except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
         print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
         return None, None
+    
+
+# Create a blob file on the server if it doesn't exist.
+def create_blob(digest, file_path):
+    url = f"{BASE_URL}/api/blobs/{digest}"
+
+    # Check if the blob exists
+    response = requests.head(url)
+    if response.status_code != 404:
+        return  # Blob already exists, no need to upload
+    response.raise_for_status()
+
+    # Upload the blob
+    with open(file_path, 'rb') as file_data:
+        requests.post(url, data=file_data)
+
 
 # Create a model from a Modelfile. Use the callback function to override the default handler.
-def create(model_name, model_path, callback=None):
+def create(model_name, filename, callback=None):
     try:
+        file_path = Path(filename).expanduser().resolve()
+        processed_lines = []
+
+        # Read and process the modelfile
+        with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
+            for line in f:            
+                # Skip empty or whitespace-only lines
+                if not line.strip():
+                    continue
+            
+                command, args = line.split(maxsplit=1)
+
+                if command.upper() in ["FROM", "ADAPTER"]:
+                    path = Path(args.strip()).expanduser()
+
+                    # Check if path is relative and resolve it
+                    if not path.is_absolute():
+                        path = (file_path.parent / path)
+
+                    # Skip if file does not exist for "model", this is handled by the server
+                    if not path.exists():
+                        processed_lines.append(line)
+                        continue
+
+                    # Calculate SHA-256 hash
+                    with open(path, 'rb') as bin_file:
+                        hash = hashlib.sha256()
+                        hash.update(bin_file.read())
+                        blob = f"sha256:{hash.hexdigest()}"
+                
+                    # Add the file to the remote server
+                    create_blob(blob, path)
+
+                    # Replace path with digest in the line
+                    line = f"{command} @{blob}\n"
+
+                processed_lines.append(line)
+
+        # Combine processed lines back into a single string
+        modelfile_content = '\n'.join(processed_lines)
+
         url = f"{BASE_URL}/api/create"
-        payload = {"name": model_name, "path": model_path}
-        
+        payload = {"name": model_name, "modelfile": modelfile_content}
+
         # Making a POST request with the stream parameter set to True to handle streaming responses
         with requests.post(url, json=payload, stream=True) as response:
             response.raise_for_status()
-
             # Iterating over the response line by line and displaying the status
             for line in response.iter_lines():
                 if line:
-                    # Parsing each line (JSON chunk) and extracting the status
                     chunk = json.loads(line)
-
                     if callback:
                         callback(chunk)
                     else:
                         print(f"Status: {chunk.get('status')}")
-    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+
+    except Exception as e:
         print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
 
+
 # Pull a model from a the model registry. Cancelled pulls are resumed from where they left off, and multiple
 # calls to will share the same download progress. Use the callback function to override the default handler.
 def pull(model_name, insecure=False, callback=None):
@@ -221,5 +282,3 @@ def heartbeat():
     except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
         print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
         return "Ollama is not running"
-
-

api/types.go

@@ -37,10 +37,56 @@ type GenerateRequest struct {
 	Template string `json:"template"`
 	Context  []int  `json:"context,omitempty"`
 	Stream   *bool  `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Raw      bool   `json:"raw,omitempty"`
+	Format   string `json:"format"`
 
 	Options map[string]interface{} `json:"options"`
 }
 
+// Options specfied in GenerateRequest, if you add a new option here add it to the API docs also
+type Options struct {
+	Runner
+
+	// Predict options used at runtime
+	NumKeep          int      `json:"num_keep,omitempty"`
+	Seed             int      `json:"seed,omitempty"`
+	NumPredict       int      `json:"num_predict,omitempty"`
+	TopK             int      `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
+	TopP             float32  `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	TFSZ             float32  `json:"tfs_z,omitempty"`
+	TypicalP         float32  `json:"typical_p,omitempty"`
+	RepeatLastN      int      `json:"repeat_last_n,omitempty"`
+	Temperature      float32  `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	RepeatPenalty    float32  `json:"repeat_penalty,omitempty"`
+	PresencePenalty  float32  `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
+	FrequencyPenalty float32  `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
+	Mirostat         int      `json:"mirostat,omitempty"`
+	MirostatTau      float32  `json:"mirostat_tau,omitempty"`
+	MirostatEta      float32  `json:"mirostat_eta,omitempty"`
+	PenalizeNewline  bool     `json:"penalize_newline,omitempty"`
+	Stop             []string `json:"stop,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Runner options which must be set when the model is loaded into memory
+type Runner struct {
+	UseNUMA            bool    `json:"numa,omitempty"`
+	NumCtx             int     `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
+	NumBatch           int     `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
+	NumGQA             int     `json:"num_gqa,omitempty"`
+	NumGPU             int     `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
+	MainGPU            int     `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	LowVRAM            bool    `json:"low_vram,omitempty"`
+	F16KV              bool    `json:"f16_kv,omitempty"`
+	LogitsAll          bool    `json:"logits_all,omitempty"`
+	VocabOnly          bool    `json:"vocab_only,omitempty"`
+	UseMMap            bool    `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
+	UseMLock           bool    `json:"use_mlock,omitempty"`
+	EmbeddingOnly      bool    `json:"embedding_only,omitempty"`
+	RopeFrequencyBase  float32 `json:"rope_frequency_base,omitempty"`
+	RopeFrequencyScale float32 `json:"rope_frequency_scale,omitempty"`
+	NumThread          int     `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+}
+
 type EmbeddingRequest struct {
 	Model  string `json:"model"`
 	Prompt string `json:"prompt"`
@@ -53,9 +99,10 @@ type EmbeddingResponse struct {
 }
 
 type CreateRequest struct {
-	Name   string `json:"name"`
-	Path   string `json:"path"`
-	Stream *bool  `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Name      string `json:"name"`
+	Path      string `json:"path"`
+	Modelfile string `json:"modelfile"`
+	Stream    *bool  `json:"stream,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type DeleteRequest struct {
@@ -161,49 +208,6 @@ func (r *GenerateResponse) Summary() {
 	}
 }
 
-// Runner options which must be set when the model is loaded into memory
-type Runner struct {
-	UseNUMA            bool    `json:"numa,omitempty"`
-	NumCtx             int     `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
-	NumBatch           int     `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
-	NumGQA             int     `json:"num_gqa,omitempty"`
-	NumGPU             int     `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
-	MainGPU            int     `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
-	LowVRAM            bool    `json:"low_vram,omitempty"`
-	F16KV              bool    `json:"f16_kv,omitempty"`
-	LogitsAll          bool    `json:"logits_all,omitempty"`
-	VocabOnly          bool    `json:"vocab_only,omitempty"`
-	UseMMap            bool    `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
-	UseMLock           bool    `json:"use_mlock,omitempty"`
-	EmbeddingOnly      bool    `json:"embedding_only,omitempty"`
-	RopeFrequencyBase  float32 `json:"rope_frequency_base,omitempty"`
-	RopeFrequencyScale float32 `json:"rope_frequency_scale,omitempty"`
-	NumThread          int     `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type Options struct {
-	Runner
-
-	// Predict options used at runtime
-	NumKeep          int      `json:"num_keep,omitempty"`
-	Seed             int      `json:"seed,omitempty"`
-	NumPredict       int      `json:"num_predict,omitempty"`
-	TopK             int      `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
-	TopP             float32  `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	TFSZ             float32  `json:"tfs_z,omitempty"`
-	TypicalP         float32  `json:"typical_p,omitempty"`
-	RepeatLastN      int      `json:"repeat_last_n,omitempty"`
-	Temperature      float32  `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	RepeatPenalty    float32  `json:"repeat_penalty,omitempty"`
-	PresencePenalty  float32  `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
-	FrequencyPenalty float32  `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
-	Mirostat         int      `json:"mirostat,omitempty"`
-	MirostatTau      float32  `json:"mirostat_tau,omitempty"`
-	MirostatEta      float32  `json:"mirostat_eta,omitempty"`
-	PenalizeNewline  bool     `json:"penalize_newline,omitempty"`
-	Stop             []string `json:"stop,omitempty"`
-}
-
 var ErrInvalidOpts = fmt.Errorf("invalid options")
 
 func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]interface{}) error {
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 	return Options{
 		// options set on request to runner
 		NumPredict:       -1,
-		NumKeep:          -1,
+		NumKeep:          0,
 		Temperature:      0.8,
 		TopK:             40,
 		TopP:             0.9,

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
 	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/format"
-	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/progressbar"
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/parser"
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/progress"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/readline"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/server"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/version"
@@ -47,49 +48,95 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var spinner *Spinner
+	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
+	defer p.Stop()
 
-	var currentDigest string
-	var bar *progressbar.ProgressBar
+	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
+
+	modelfile, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	commands, err := parser.Parse(bytes.NewReader(modelfile))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	status := "transferring model data"
+	spinner := progress.NewSpinner(status)
+	p.Add(status, spinner)
+
+	for _, c := range commands {
+		switch c.Name {
+		case "model", "adapter":
+			path := c.Args
+			if path == "~" {
+				path = home
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(path, "~/") {
+				path = filepath.Join(home, path[2:])
+			}
+
+			if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+				path = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), path)
+			}
+
+			bin, err := os.Open(path)
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) && c.Name == "model" {
+				continue
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			defer bin.Close()
+
+			hash := sha256.New()
+			if _, err := io.Copy(hash, bin); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			bin.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+
+			digest := fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", hash.Sum(nil))
+			if err = client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, bin); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			modelfile = bytes.ReplaceAll(modelfile, []byte(c.Args), []byte("@"+digest))
+		}
+	}
 
-	request := api.CreateRequest{Name: args[0], Path: filename}
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
-		if resp.Digest != currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			if spinner != nil {
-				spinner.Stop()
+		if resp.Digest != "" {
+			spinner.Stop()
+
+			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
+			if !ok {
+				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
+				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
 			}
-			currentDigest = resp.Digest
-			// pulling
-			bar = progressbar.DefaultBytes(
-				resp.Total,
-				resp.Status,
-			)
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else if resp.Digest == currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else {
-			currentDigest = ""
-			if spinner != nil {
-				spinner.Stop()
-			}
-			spinner = NewSpinner(resp.Status)
-			go spinner.Spin(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
+		} else if status != resp.Status {
+			spinner.Stop()
+
+			status = resp.Status
+			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
+			p.Add(status, spinner)
 		}
 
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	request := api.CreateRequest{Name: args[0], Modelfile: string(modelfile)}
 	if err := client.Create(context.Background(), &request, fn); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if spinner != nil {
-		spinner.Stop()
-		if spinner.description != "success" {
-			return errors.New("unexpected end to create model")
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -102,16 +149,14 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	name := args[0]
 	// check if the model exists on the server
 	_, err = client.Show(context.Background(), &api.ShowRequest{Name: name})
-	if err != nil {
-		var statusError api.StatusError
-		switch {
-		case errors.As(err, &statusError) && statusError.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound:
-			if err := PullHandler(cmd, args); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		case err != nil:
+	var statusError api.StatusError
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &statusError) && statusError.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound:
+		if err := PullHandler(cmd, args); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return RunGenerate(cmd, args)
@@ -128,36 +173,46 @@ func PushHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var currentDigest string
-	var bar *progressbar.ProgressBar
+	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
+	defer p.Stop()
+
+	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
+	var status string
+	var spinner *progress.Spinner
 
-	request := api.PushRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
-		if resp.Digest != currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			currentDigest = resp.Digest
-			bar = progressbar.DefaultBytes(
-				resp.Total,
-				fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]),
-			)
+		if resp.Digest != "" {
+			if spinner != nil {
+				spinner.Stop()
+			}
 
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else if resp.Digest == currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else {
-			currentDigest = ""
-			fmt.Println(resp.Status)
+			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
+			if !ok {
+				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
+				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
+			}
+
+			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
+		} else if status != resp.Status {
+			if spinner != nil {
+				spinner.Stop()
+			}
+
+			status = resp.Status
+			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
+			p.Add(status, spinner)
 		}
+
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	request := api.PushRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}
 	if err := client.Push(context.Background(), &request, fn); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if bar != nil && !bar.IsFinished() {
-		return errors.New("unexpected end to push model")
-	}
-
+	spinner.Stop()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +231,7 @@ func ListHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	for _, m := range models.Models {
 		if len(args) == 0 || strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, args[0]) {
-			data = append(data, []string{m.Name, m.Digest[:12], humanize.Bytes(uint64(m.Size)), format.HumanTime(m.ModifiedAt, "Never")})
+			data = append(data, []string{m.Name, m.Digest[:12], format.HumanBytes(m.Size), format.HumanTime(m.ModifiedAt, "Never")})
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -308,85 +363,108 @@ func PullHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return pull(args[0], insecure)
-}
-
-func pull(model string, insecure bool) error {
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var currentDigest string
-	var bar *progressbar.ProgressBar
+	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
+	defer p.Stop()
+
+	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
+
+	var status string
+	var spinner *progress.Spinner
 
-	request := api.PullRequest{Name: model, Insecure: insecure}
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
-		if resp.Digest != currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			currentDigest = resp.Digest
-			bar = progressbar.DefaultBytes(
-				resp.Total,
-				fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]),
-			)
+		if resp.Digest != "" {
+			if spinner != nil {
+				spinner.Stop()
+			}
 
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else if resp.Digest == currentDigest && resp.Digest != "" {
-			bar.Set64(resp.Completed)
-		} else {
-			currentDigest = ""
-			fmt.Println(resp.Status)
+			bar, ok := bars[resp.Digest]
+			if !ok {
+				bar = progress.NewBar(fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s...", resp.Digest[7:19]), resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+				bars[resp.Digest] = bar
+				p.Add(resp.Digest, bar)
+			}
+
+			bar.Set(resp.Completed)
+		} else if status != resp.Status {
+			if spinner != nil {
+				spinner.Stop()
+			}
+
+			status = resp.Status
+			spinner = progress.NewSpinner(status)
+			p.Add(status, spinner)
 		}
 
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	request := api.PullRequest{Name: args[0], Insecure: insecure}
 	if err := client.Pull(context.Background(), &request, fn); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if bar != nil && !bar.IsFinished() {
-		return errors.New("unexpected end to pull model")
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
 func RunGenerate(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	if len(args) > 1 {
-		// join all args into a single prompt
-		wordWrap := false
-		if term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
-			wordWrap = true
-		}
+	format, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("format")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-		nowrap, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("nowordwrap")
+	prompts := args[1:]
+
+	// prepend stdin to the prompt if provided
+	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) {
+		in, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if nowrap {
-			wordWrap = false
-		}
 
-		return generate(cmd, args[0], strings.Join(args[1:], " "), wordWrap)
+		prompts = append([]string{string(in)}, prompts...)
 	}
 
-	if readline.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) {
-		return generateInteractive(cmd, args[0])
+	// output is being piped
+	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
+		return generate(cmd, args[0], strings.Join(prompts, " "), false, format)
 	}
 
-	return generateBatch(cmd, args[0])
+	wordWrap := os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color"
+
+	nowrap, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("nowordwrap")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if nowrap {
+		wordWrap = false
+	}
+
+	// prompts are provided via stdin or args so don't enter interactive mode
+	if len(prompts) > 0 {
+		return generate(cmd, args[0], strings.Join(prompts, " "), wordWrap, format)
+	}
+
+	return generateInteractive(cmd, args[0], wordWrap, format)
 }
 
 type generateContextKey string
 
-func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool) error {
+func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool, format string) error {
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	spinner := NewSpinner("")
-	go spinner.Spin(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
+	defer p.StopAndClear()
+
+	spinner := progress.NewSpinner("")
+	p.Add("", spinner)
 
 	var latest api.GenerateResponse
 
@@ -395,7 +473,7 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool) error {
 		generateContext = []int{}
 	}
 
-	termWidth, _, err := term.GetSize(int(0))
+	termWidth, _, err := term.GetSize(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
 	if err != nil {
 		wordWrap = false
 	}
@@ -416,11 +494,9 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool) error {
 	var currentLineLength int
 	var wordBuffer string
 
-	request := api.GenerateRequest{Model: model, Prompt: prompt, Context: generateContext}
+	request := api.GenerateRequest{Model: model, Prompt: prompt, Context: generateContext, Format: format}
 	fn := func(response api.GenerateResponse) error {
-		if !spinner.IsFinished() {
-			spinner.Finish()
-		}
+		p.StopAndClear()
 
 		latest = response
 
@@ -454,7 +530,6 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool) error {
 
 	if err := client.Generate(cancelCtx, &request, fn); err != nil {
 		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "context canceled") && abort {
-			spinner.Finish()
 			return nil
 		}
 		return err
@@ -487,9 +562,9 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, model, prompt string, wordWrap bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
+func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string, wordWrap bool, format string) error {
 	// load the model
-	if err := generate(cmd, model, "", false); err != nil {
+	if err := generate(cmd, model, "", false, ""); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -510,6 +585,8 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set nohistory    Disable history")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set wordwrap     Enable wordwrap")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set nowordwrap   Disable wordwrap")
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set format json  Enable JSON mode")
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set noformat     Disable formatting")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set verbose      Show LLM stats")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set quiet        Disable LLM stats")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "")
@@ -525,37 +602,20 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "")
 	}
 
-	prompt := readline.Prompt{
+	scanner, err := readline.New(readline.Prompt{
 		Prompt:         ">>> ",
 		AltPrompt:      "... ",
 		Placeholder:    "Send a message (/? for help)",
 		AltPlaceholder: `Use """ to end multi-line input`,
-	}
-
-	scanner, err := readline.New(prompt)
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var wordWrap bool
-	termType := os.Getenv("TERM")
-	if termType == "xterm-256color" {
-		wordWrap = true
-	}
-
-	// override wrapping if the user turned it off
-	nowrap, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("nowordwrap")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if nowrap {
-		wordWrap = false
-	}
-
 	fmt.Print(readline.StartBracketedPaste)
 	defer fmt.Printf(readline.EndBracketedPaste)
 
-	var multiLineBuffer string
+	var prompt string
 
 	for {
 		line, err := scanner.Readline()
@@ -568,27 +628,33 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
 				fmt.Println("\nUse Ctrl-D or /bye to exit.")
 			}
 
+			scanner.Prompt.UseAlt = false
+			prompt = ""
+
 			continue
 		case err != nil:
 			return err
 		}
 
-		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
-
 		switch {
-		case scanner.Prompt.UseAlt:
-			if strings.HasSuffix(line, `"""`) {
-				scanner.Prompt.UseAlt = false
-				multiLineBuffer += strings.TrimSuffix(line, `"""`)
-				line = multiLineBuffer
-				multiLineBuffer = ""
-			} else {
-				multiLineBuffer += line + " "
+		case strings.HasPrefix(prompt, `"""`):
+			// if the prompt so far starts with """ then we're in multiline mode
+			// and we need to keep reading until we find a line that ends with """
+			cut, found := strings.CutSuffix(line, `"""`)
+			prompt += cut + "\n"
+
+			if !found {
 				continue
 			}
-		case strings.HasPrefix(line, `"""`):
+
+			prompt = strings.TrimPrefix(prompt, `"""`)
+			scanner.Prompt.UseAlt = false
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, `"""`) && len(prompt) == 0:
 			scanner.Prompt.UseAlt = true
-			multiLineBuffer = strings.TrimPrefix(line, `"""`) + " "
+			prompt += line + "\n"
+			continue
+		case scanner.Pasting:
+			prompt += line + "\n"
 			continue
 		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "/list"):
 			args := strings.Fields(line)
@@ -615,6 +681,16 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
 				case "quiet":
 					cmd.Flags().Set("verbose", "false")
 					fmt.Println("Set 'quiet' mode.")
+				case "format":
+					if len(args) < 3 || args[2] != "json" {
+						fmt.Println("Invalid or missing format. For 'json' mode use '/set format json'")
+					} else {
+						format = args[2]
+						fmt.Printf("Set format to '%s' mode.\n", args[2])
+					}
+				case "noformat":
+					format = ""
+					fmt.Println("Disabled format.")
 				default:
 					fmt.Printf("Unknown command '/set %s'. Type /? for help\n", args[1])
 				}
@@ -685,29 +761,21 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
 		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "/"):
 			args := strings.Fields(line)
 			fmt.Printf("Unknown command '%s'. Type /? for help\n", args[0])
+			continue
+		default:
+			prompt += line
 		}
 
-		if len(line) > 0 && line[0] != '/' {
-			if err := generate(cmd, model, line, wordWrap); err != nil {
+		if len(prompt) > 0 && prompt[0] != '/' {
+			if err := generate(cmd, model, prompt, wordWrap, format); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+
+			prompt = ""
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func generateBatch(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		prompt := scanner.Text()
-		fmt.Printf(">>> %s\n", prompt)
-		if err := generate(cmd, model, prompt, false); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func RunServer(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(os.Getenv("OLLAMA_HOST"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -885,6 +953,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "Show timings for response")
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "Use an insecure registry")
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "Don't wrap words to the next line automatically")
+	runCmd.Flags().String("format", "", "Response format (e.g. json)")
 
 	serveCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "serve",

cmd/spinner.go

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/progressbar"
-)
-
-type Spinner struct {
-	description string
-	*progressbar.ProgressBar
-}
-
-func NewSpinner(description string) *Spinner {
-	return &Spinner{
-		description: description,
-		ProgressBar: progressbar.NewOptions(-1,
-			progressbar.OptionSetWriter(os.Stderr),
-			progressbar.OptionThrottle(60*time.Millisecond),
-			progressbar.OptionSpinnerType(14),
-			progressbar.OptionSetRenderBlankState(true),
-			progressbar.OptionSetElapsedTime(false),
-			progressbar.OptionClearOnFinish(),
-			progressbar.OptionSetDescription(description),
-		),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Spinner) Spin(tick time.Duration) {
-	for range time.Tick(tick) {
-		if s.IsFinished() {
-			break
-		}
-
-		s.Add(1)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Spinner) Stop() {
-	s.Finish()
-	fmt.Println(s.description)
-}

docs/api.md

@@ -41,28 +41,38 @@ Generate a response for a given prompt with a provided model. This is a streamin
 
 Advanced parameters (optional):
 
+- `format`: the format to return a response in. Currently the only accepted value is `json`
 - `options`: additional model parameters listed in the documentation for the [Modelfile](./modelfile.md#valid-parameters-and-values) such as `temperature`
 - `system`: system prompt to (overrides what is defined in the `Modelfile`)
 - `template`: the full prompt or prompt template (overrides what is defined in the `Modelfile`)
 - `context`: the context parameter returned from a previous request to `/generate`, this can be used to keep a short conversational memory
-- `stream`: if `false` the response will be be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `stream`: if `false` the response will be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `raw`: if `true` no formatting will be applied to the prompt and no context will be returned. You may choose to use the `raw` parameter if you are specifying a full templated prompt in your request to the API, and are managing history yourself.
 
-### Request
+### JSON mode
+
+Enable JSON mode by setting the `format` parameter to `json`. This will structure the response as valid JSON. See the JSON mode [example](#request-json-mode) below.
+
+> Note: it's important to instruct the model to use JSON in the `prompt`. Otherwise, the model may generate large amounts whitespace.
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
-  "model": "llama2:7b",
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+  "model": "llama2",
   "prompt": "Why is the sky blue?"
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
 
-A stream of JSON objects:
+A stream of JSON objects is returned:
 
 ```json
 {
-  "model": "llama2:7b",
+  "model": "llama2",
   "created_at": "2023-08-04T08:52:19.385406455-07:00",
   "response": "The",
   "done": false
@@ -86,7 +96,7 @@ To calculate how fast the response is generated in tokens per second (token/s),
 
 ```json
 {
-  "model": "llama2:7b",
+  "model": "llama2",
   "created_at": "2023-08-04T19:22:45.499127Z",
   "response": "",
   "context": [1, 2, 3],
@@ -102,30 +112,209 @@ To calculate how fast the response is generated in tokens per second (token/s),
 }
 ```
 
+#### Request (No streaming)
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "prompt": "Why is the sky blue?",
+  "stream": false
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+If `stream` is set to `false`, the response will be a single JSON object:
+
+```json
+{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "created_at": "2023-08-04T19:22:45.499127Z",
+  "response": "The sky is blue because it is the color of the sky.",
+  "context": [1, 2, 3],
+  "done": true,
+  "total_duration": 5589157167,
+  "load_duration": 3013701500,
+  "sample_count": 114,
+  "sample_duration": 81442000,
+  "prompt_eval_count": 46,
+  "prompt_eval_duration": 1160282000,
+  "eval_count": 13,
+  "eval_duration": 1325948000
+}
+```
+
+#### Request (Raw mode)
+
+In some cases you may wish to bypass the templating system and provide a full prompt. In this case, you can use the `raw` parameter to disable formatting and context.
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+  "model": "mistral",
+  "prompt": "[INST] why is the sky blue? [/INST]",
+  "raw": true,
+  "stream": false
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "model": "mistral",
+  "created_at": "2023-11-03T15:36:02.583064Z",
+  "response": " The sky appears blue because of a phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering.",
+  "done": true,
+  "total_duration": 14648695333,
+  "load_duration": 3302671417,
+  "prompt_eval_count": 14,
+  "prompt_eval_duration": 286243000,
+  "eval_count": 129,
+  "eval_duration": 10931424000
+}
+```
+
+#### Request (JSON mode)
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "prompt": "What color is the sky at different times of the day? Respond using JSON",
+  "format": "json",
+  "stream": false
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "created_at": "2023-11-09T21:07:55.186497Z",
+  "response": "{\n\"morning\": {\n\"color\": \"blue\"\n},\n\"noon\": {\n\"color\": \"blue-gray\"\n},\n\"afternoon\": {\n\"color\": \"warm gray\"\n},\n\"evening\": {\n\"color\": \"orange\"\n}\n}\n",
+  "done": true,
+  "total_duration": 4661289125,
+  "load_duration": 1714434500,
+  "prompt_eval_count": 36,
+  "prompt_eval_duration": 264132000,
+  "eval_count": 75,
+  "eval_duration": 2112149000
+}
+```
+
+The value of `response` will be a string containing JSON similar to:
+
+```json
+{
+  "morning": {
+    "color": "blue"
+  },
+  "noon": {
+    "color": "blue-gray"
+  },
+  "afternoon": {
+    "color": "warm gray"
+  },
+  "evening": {
+    "color": "orange"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### Request (With options)
+
+If you want to set custom options for the model at runtime rather than in the Modelfile, you can do so with the `options` parameter. This example sets every available option, but you can set any of them individually and omit the ones you do not want to override.
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "prompt": "Why is the sky blue?",
+  "stream": false,
+  "options": {
+    "num_keep": 5,
+    "seed": 42,
+    "num_predict": 100,
+    "top_k": 20,
+    "top_p": 0.9,
+    "tfs_z": 0.5,
+    "typical_p": 0.7,
+    "repeat_last_n": 33,
+    "temperature": 0.8,
+    "repeat_penalty": 1.2,
+    "presence_penalty": 1.5,
+    "frequency_penalty": 1.0,
+    "mirostat": 1,
+    "mirostat_tau": 0.8,
+    "mirostat_eta": 0.6,
+    "penalize_newline": true,
+    "stop": ["\n", "user:"],
+    "numa": false,
+    "num_ctx": 4,
+    "num_batch": 2,
+    "num_gqa": 1,
+    "num_gpu": 1,
+    "main_gpu": 0,
+    "low_vram": false,
+    "f16_kv": true,
+    "logits_all": false,
+    "vocab_only": false,
+    "use_mmap": true,
+    "use_mlock": false,
+    "embedding_only": false,
+    "rope_frequency_base": 1.1,
+    "rope_frequency_scale": 0.8,
+    "num_thread": 8
+    }
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "model": "llama2",
+  "created_at": "2023-08-04T19:22:45.499127Z",
+  "response": "The sky is blue because it is the color of the sky.",
+  "context": [1, 2, 3],
+  "done": true,
+  "total_duration": 5589157167,
+  "load_duration": 3013701500,
+  "sample_count": 114,
+  "sample_duration": 81442000,
+  "prompt_eval_count": 46,
+  "prompt_eval_duration": 1160282000,
+  "eval_count": 13,
+  "eval_duration": 1325948000
+}
+```
+
 ## Create a Model
 
 ```shell
 POST /api/create
 ```
 
-Create a model from a [`Modelfile`](./modelfile.md)
+Create a model from a [`Modelfile`](./modelfile.md). It is recommended to set `modelfile` to the content of the Modelfile rather than just set `path`. This is a requirement for remote create. Remote model creation should also create any file blobs, fields such as `FROM` and `ADAPTER`, explicitly with the server using [Create a Blob](#create-a-blob) and the value to the path indicated in the response.
 
 ### Parameters
 
 - `name`: name of the model to create
-- `path`: path to the Modelfile
-- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `modelfile` (optional): contents of the Modelfile
+- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `path` (optional): path to the Modelfile
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/create -d '{
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/create -d '{
   "name": "mario",
-  "path": "~/Modelfile"
+  "modelfile": "FROM llama2\nSYSTEM You are mario from Super Mario Bros."
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
 
 A stream of JSON objects. When finished, `status` is `success`.
 
@@ -135,6 +324,54 @@ A stream of JSON objects. When finished, `status` is `success`.
 }
 ```
 
+### Check if a Blob Exists
+
+```shell
+HEAD /api/blobs/:digest
+```
+
+Check if a blob is known to the server.
+
+#### Query Parameters
+
+- `digest`: the SHA256 digest of the blob
+
+#### Examples
+
+##### Request
+
+```shell
+curl -I http://localhost:11434/api/blobs/sha256:29fdb92e57cf0827ded04ae6461b5931d01fa595843f55d36f5b275a52087dd2
+```
+
+##### Response
+
+Return 200 OK if the blob exists, 404 Not Found if it does not.
+
+### Create a Blob
+
+```shell
+POST /api/blobs/:digest
+```
+
+Create a blob from a file. Returns the server file path.
+
+#### Query Parameters
+
+- `digest`: the expected SHA256 digest of the file
+
+#### Examples
+
+##### Request
+
+```shell
+curl -T model.bin -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/blobs/sha256:29fdb92e57cf0827ded04ae6461b5931d01fa595843f55d36f5b275a52087dd2
+```
+
+##### Response
+
+Return 201 Created if the blob was successfully created.
+
 ## List Local Models
 
 ```shell
@@ -143,19 +380,23 @@ GET /api/tags
 
 List models that are available locally.
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/tags
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
+
+A single JSON object will be returned.
 
 ```json
 {
   "models": [
     {
-      "name": "llama2:7b",
+      "name": "llama2",
       "modified_at": "2023-08-02T17:02:23.713454393-07:00",
       "size": 3791730596
     },
@@ -180,15 +421,17 @@ Show details about a model including modelfile, template, parameters, license, a
 
 - `name`: name of the model to show
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/show -d '{
-  "name": "llama2:7b"
+  "name": "llama2"
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
 
 ```json
 {
@@ -207,15 +450,21 @@ POST /api/copy
 
 Copy a model. Creates a model with another name from an existing model.
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/copy -d '{
-  "source": "llama2:7b",
+  "source": "llama2",
   "destination": "llama2-backup"
 }'
 ```
 
+#### Response
+
+The only response is a 200 OK if successful.
+
 ## Delete a Model
 
 ```shell
@@ -226,9 +475,11 @@ Delete a model and its data.
 
 ### Parameters
 
-- `model`: model name to delete
+- `name`: model name to delete
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
 curl -X DELETE http://localhost:11434/api/delete -d '{
@@ -236,6 +487,10 @@ curl -X DELETE http://localhost:11434/api/delete -d '{
 }'
 ```
 
+#### Response
+
+If successful, the only response is a 200 OK.
+
 ## Pull a Model
 
 ```shell
@@ -248,23 +503,63 @@ Download a model from the ollama library. Cancelled pulls are resumed from where
 
 - `name`: name of the model to pull
 - `insecure`: (optional) allow insecure connections to the library. Only use this if you are pulling from your own library during development.
-- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/pull -d '{
-  "name": "llama2:7b"
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/pull -d '{
+  "name": "llama2"
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
+
+If `stream` is not specified, or set to `true`, a stream of JSON objects is returned:
+
+The first object is the manifest:
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "pulling manifest"
+}
+```
+
+Then there is a series of downloading responses. Until any of the download is completed, the `completed` key may not be included. The number of files to be downloaded depends on the number of layers specified in the manifest.
 
 ```json
 {
   "status": "downloading digestname",
   "digest": "digestname",
-  "total": 2142590208
+  "total": 2142590208,
+  "completed": 241970
+}
+```
+
+After all the files are downloaded, the final responses are:
+
+```json
+{
+    "status": "verifying sha256 digest"
+}
+{
+    "status": "writing manifest"
+}
+{
+    "status": "removing any unused layers"
+}
+{
+    "status": "success"
+}
+```
+
+if `stream` is set to false, then the response is a single JSON object:
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "success"
 }
 ```
 
@@ -280,19 +575,21 @@ Upload a model to a model library. Requires registering for ollama.ai and adding
 
 - `name`: name of the model to push in the form of `<namespace>/<model>:<tag>`
 - `insecure`: (optional) allow insecure connections to the library. Only use this if you are pushing to your library during development.
-- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
+- `stream`: (optional) if `false` the response will be returned as a single response object, rather than a stream of objects
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/push -d '{
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/push -d '{
   "name": "mattw/pygmalion:latest"
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
 
-Streaming response that starts with:
+If `stream` is not specified, or set to `true`, a stream of JSON objects is returned:
 
 ```json
 { "status": "retrieving manifest" }
@@ -325,6 +622,12 @@ Finally, when the upload is complete:
 {"status":"success"}
 ```
 
+If `stream` is set to `false`, then the response is a single JSON object:
+
+```json
+{ "status": "success" }
+```
+
 ## Generate Embeddings
 
 ```shell
@@ -342,16 +645,18 @@ Advanced parameters:
 
 - `options`: additional model parameters listed in the documentation for the [Modelfile](./modelfile.md#valid-parameters-and-values) such as `temperature`
 
-### Request
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings -d '{
-  "model": "llama2:7b",
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings -d '{
+  "model": "llama2",
   "prompt": "Here is an article about llamas..."
 }'
 ```
 
-### Response
+#### Response
 
 ```json
 {

docs/faq.md

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ Create a `systemd` drop-in directory and set `Environment=OLLAMA_HOST`
 
 ```bash
 mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d
-echo "[Service]" >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
+echo '[Service]' >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
 ```
 
 ```bash
-echo "Environment=OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0:11434" >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
+echo 'Environment="OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0:11434"' >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
 ```
 
 Reload `systemd` and restart Ollama:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OLLAMA_ORIGINS=http://192.168.1.1:*,https://example.com ollama serve
 On Linux:
 
 ```bash
-echo "Environment=OLLAMA_ORIGINS=http://129.168.1.1:*,https://example.com" >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
+echo 'Environment="OLLAMA_ORIGINS=http://129.168.1.1:*,https://example.com"' >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
 ```
 
 Reload `systemd` and restart Ollama:
@@ -74,6 +74,83 @@ systemctl restart ollama
 - macOS: Raw model data is stored under `~/.ollama/models`.
 - Linux: Raw model data is stored under `/usr/share/ollama/.ollama/models`
 
+Below the models directory you will find a structure similar to the following:
+
+```shell
+.
+├── blobs
+└── manifests
+   └── registry.ollama.ai
+      ├── f0rodo
+      ├── library
+      ├── mattw
+      └── saikatkumardey
+```
+
+There is a `manifests/registry.ollama.ai/namespace` path. In example above, the user has downloaded models from the official `library`, `f0rodo`, `mattw`, and `saikatkumardey` namespaces. Within each of those directories, you will find directories for each of the models downloaded. And in there you will find a file name representing each tag. Each tag file is the manifest for the model.  
+
+The manifest lists all the layers used in this model. You will see a `media type` for each layer, along with a digest. That digest corresponds with a file in the `models/blobs directory`.
+
 ### How can I change where Ollama stores models?
 
 To modify where models are stored, you can use the `OLLAMA_MODELS` environment variable. Note that on Linux this means defining `OLLAMA_MODELS` in a drop-in `/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d` service file, reloading systemd, and restarting the ollama service.
+
+## Does Ollama send my prompts and answers back to Ollama.ai to use in any way?
+
+No. Anything you do with Ollama, such as generate a response from the model, stays with you. We don't collect any data about how you use the model. You are always in control of your own data.
+
+## How can I use Ollama in Visual Studio Code?
+
+There is already a large collection of plugins available for VSCode as well as other editors that leverage Ollama. You can see the list of [extensions & plugins](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama#extensions--plugins) at the bottom of the main repository readme.
+
+## How do I use Ollama behind a proxy?
+
+Ollama is compatible with proxy servers if `HTTP_PROXY` or `HTTPS_PROXY` are configured. When using either variables, ensure it is set where `ollama serve` can access the values.
+
+When using `HTTPS_PROXY`, ensure the proxy certificate is installed as a system certificate.
+
+On macOS:
+
+```bash
+HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com ollama serve
+```
+
+On Linux:
+
+```bash
+echo 'Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com"' >>/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service.d/environment.conf
+```
+
+Reload `systemd` and restart Ollama:
+
+```bash
+systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl restart ollama
+```
+
+### How do I use Ollama behind a proxy in Docker?
+
+The Ollama Docker container image can be configured to use a proxy by passing `-e HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com` when starting the container.
+
+Alternatively, Docker daemon can be configured to use a proxy. Instructions are available for Docker Desktop on [macOS](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/mac/#proxies), [Windows](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/windows/#proxies), and [Linux](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/linux/#proxies), and Docker [daemon with systemd](https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/systemd/#httphttps-proxy).
+
+Ensure the certificate is installed as a system certificate when using HTTPS. This may require a new Docker image when using a self-signed certificate.
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM ollama/ollama
+COPY my-ca.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/my-ca.crt
+RUN update-ca-certificates
+```
+
+Build and run this image:
+
+```shell
+docker build -t ollama-with-ca .
+docker run -d -e HTTPS_PROXY=https://my.proxy.example.com -p 11434:11434 ollama-with-ca
+```
+
+## How do I use Ollama with GPU acceleration in Docker?
+
+The Ollama Docker container can be configured with GPU acceleration in Linux or Windows (with WSL2). This requires the [nvidia-container-toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit). See [ollama/ollama](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama) for more details.
+
+GPU acceleration is not available for Docker Desktop in macOS due to the lack of GPU passthrough and emulation.

docs/modelfile.md

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ INSTRUCTION arguments
 
 ## Examples
 
+### Basic `Modelfile`
+
 An example of a `Modelfile` creating a mario blueprint:
 
 ```modelfile
@@ -63,6 +65,35 @@ To use this:
 
 More examples are available in the [examples directory](../examples).
 
+### `Modelfile`s in [ollama.ai/library][1]
+
+There are two ways to view `Modelfile`s underlying the models in [ollama.ai/library][1]:
+
+- Option 1: view a details page from a model's tags page:
+   1. Go to a particular model's tags (e.g. https://ollama.ai/library/llama2/tags)
+   2. Click on a tag (e.g. https://ollama.ai/library/llama2:13b)
+   3. Scroll down to "Layers"
+      - Note: if the [`FROM` instruction](#from-required) is not present,
+        it means the model was created from a local file
+- Option 2: use `ollama show` to print the `Modelfile` like so:
+
+  ```bash
+  > ollama show --modelfile llama2:13b
+  # Modelfile generated by "ollama show"
+  # To build a new Modelfile based on this one, replace the FROM line with:
+  # FROM llama2:13b
+
+  FROM /root/.ollama/models/blobs/sha256:123abc
+  TEMPLATE """[INST] {{ if and .First .System }}<<SYS>>{{ .System }}<</SYS>>
+
+  {{ end }}{{ .Prompt }} [/INST] """
+  SYSTEM """"""
+  PARAMETER stop [INST]
+  PARAMETER stop [/INST]
+  PARAMETER stop <<SYS>>
+  PARAMETER stop <</SYS>>
+  ```
+
 ## Instructions
 
 ### FROM (Required)
@@ -112,8 +143,8 @@ PARAMETER <parameter> <parametervalue>
 | repeat_last_n  | Sets how far back for the model to look back to prevent repetition. (Default: 64, 0 = disabled, -1 = num_ctx)                                                                                                                                           | int        | repeat_last_n 64     |
 | repeat_penalty | Sets how strongly to penalize repetitions. A higher value (e.g., 1.5) will penalize repetitions more strongly, while a lower value (e.g., 0.9) will be more lenient. (Default: 1.1)                                                                     | float      | repeat_penalty 1.1   |
 | temperature    | The temperature of the model. Increasing the temperature will make the model answer more creatively. (Default: 0.8)                                                                                                                                     | float      | temperature 0.7      |
-| seed | Sets the random number seed to use for generation. Setting this to a specific number will make the model generate the same text for the same prompt. (Default: 0) | int | seed 42 |
-| stop           | Sets the stop sequences to use.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | string     | stop "AI assistant:" |
+| seed           | Sets the random number seed to use for generation. Setting this to a specific number will make the model generate the same text for the same prompt. (Default: 0)                                                                                       | int        | seed 42              |
+| stop           | Sets the stop sequences to use. When this pattern is encountered the LLM will stop generating text and return. Multiple stop patterns may be set by specifying multiple separate `stop` parameters in a modelfile.                                      | string     | stop "AI assistant:" |
 | tfs_z          | Tail free sampling is used to reduce the impact of less probable tokens from the output. A higher value (e.g., 2.0) will reduce the impact more, while a value of 1.0 disables this setting. (default: 1)                                               | float      | tfs_z 1              |
 | num_predict    | Maximum number of tokens to predict when generating text. (Default: 128, -1 = infinite generation, -2 = fill context)                                                                                                                                   | int        | num_predict 42       |
 | top_k          | Reduces the probability of generating nonsense. A higher value (e.g. 100) will give more diverse answers, while a lower value (e.g. 10) will be more conservative. (Default: 40)                                                                        | int        | top_k 40             |
@@ -177,3 +208,5 @@ LICENSE """
 
 - the **`Modelfile` is not case sensitive**. In the examples, we use uppercase for instructions to make it easier to distinguish it from arguments.
 - Instructions can be in any order. In the examples, we start with FROM instruction to keep it easily readable.
+
+[1]: https://ollama.ai/library

docs/tutorials.md

@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ Here is a list of ways you can use Ollama with other tools to build interesting
 
 - [Using LangChain with Ollama in JavaScript](./tutorials/langchainjs.md)
 - [Using LangChain with Ollama in Python](./tutorials/langchainpy.md)
+- [Running Ollama on NVIDIA Jetson Devices](./tutorials/nvidia-jetson.md)
 
-Also be sure to check out the [examples](../examples) directory for more ways to use Ollama.
+Also be sure to check out the [examples](../examples) directory for more ways to use Ollama.

docs/tutorials/langchainjs.md

@@ -23,13 +23,17 @@ const answer = await ollama.call(`why is the sky blue?`);
 console.log(answer);
 ```
 
-That will get us the same thing as if we ran `ollama run llama2 "why is the sky blue"` in the terminal. But we want to load a document from the web to ask a question against. **Cheerio** is a great library for ingesting a webpage, and **LangChain** uses it in their **CheerioWebBaseLoader**. So let's build that part of the app.
+That will get us the same thing as if we ran `ollama run llama2 "why is the sky blue"` in the terminal. But we want to load a document from the web to ask a question against. **Cheerio** is a great library for ingesting a webpage, and **LangChain** uses it in their **CheerioWebBaseLoader**. So let's install **Cheerio** and build that part of the app.
+
+```bash
+npm install cheerio 
+```
 
 ```javascript
 import { CheerioWebBaseLoader } from "langchain/document_loaders/web/cheerio";
 
 const loader = new CheerioWebBaseLoader("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Hawaii_wildfires");
-const data = loader.load();
+const data = await loader.load();
 ```
 
 That will load the document. Although this page is smaller than the Odyssey, it is certainly bigger than the context size for most LLMs. So we are going to need to split into smaller pieces, and then select just the pieces relevant to our question. This is a great use for a vector datastore. In this example, we will use the **MemoryVectorStore** that is part of **LangChain**. But there is one more thing we need to get the content into the datastore. We have to run an embeddings process that converts the tokens in the text into a series of vectors. And for that, we are going to use **Tensorflow**. There is a lot of stuff going on in this one. First, install the **Tensorflow** components that we need.

docs/tutorials/nvidia-jetson.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Running Ollama on NVIDIA Jetson Devices
+
+With some minor configuration, Ollama runs well on [NVIDIA Jetson Devices](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/). The following has been tested on [JetPack 5.1.2](https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetpack).
+
+NVIDIA Jetson devices are Linux-based embedded AI computers that are purpose-built for AI applications.
+
+Jetsons have an integrated GPU that is wired directly to the memory controller of the machine. For this reason, the `nvidia-smi` command is unrecognized, and Ollama proceeds to operate in "CPU only"
+mode. This can be verified by using a monitoring tool like jtop.
+
+In order to address this, we simply pass the path to the Jetson's pre-installed CUDA libraries into `ollama serve` (while in a tmux session). We then hardcode the num_gpu parameters into a cloned
+version of our target model.
+
+Prerequisites:
+
+- curl
+- tmux
+
+Here are the steps:
+
+- Install Ollama via standard Linux command (ignore the 404 error): `curl https://ollama.ai/install.sh | sh`
+- Stop the Ollama service: `sudo systemctl stop ollama`
+- Start Ollama serve in a tmux session called ollama_jetson and reference the CUDA libraries path: `tmux has-session -t ollama_jetson 2>/dev/null || tmux new-session -d -s ollama_jetson 
+'LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64 ollama serve'`
+- Pull the model you want to use (e.g. mistral): `ollama pull mistral`
+- Create a new Modelfile specifically for enabling GPU support on the Jetson: `touch ModelfileMistralJetson`
+- In the ModelfileMistralJetson file, specify the FROM model and the num_gpu PARAMETER as shown below:
+
+```
+FROM mistral
+PARAMETER num_gpu 999
+```
+
+- Create a new model from your Modelfile: `ollama create mistral-jetson -f ./ModelfileMistralJetson`
+- Run the new model: `ollama run mistral-jetson`
+
+If you run a monitoring tool like jtop you should now see that Ollama is using the Jetson's integrated GPU.
+
+And that's it!

examples/bash-comparemodels/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Bash Shell examples
+
+When calling `ollama`, you can pass it a file to run all the prompts in the file, one after the other:
+
+`ollama run llama2 < sourcequestions.txt`
+
+This concept is used in the following example.
+
+## Compare Models
+`comparemodels.sh` is a script that runs all the questions in `sourcequestions.txt` using any 4 models you choose that you have already pulled from the Ollama library or have created locally.

examples/bash-comparemodels/comparemodels.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+# Compare multiple models by running them with the same questions
+
+NUMBEROFCHOICES=4
+SELECTIONS=()
+declare -a SUMS=()
+
+# Get the list of models
+CHOICES=$(ollama list | awk '{print $1}')
+
+# Select which models to run as a comparison
+echo "Select $NUMBEROFCHOICES models to compare:"
+select ITEM in $CHOICES; do
+    if [[ -n $ITEM ]]; then
+        echo "You have selected $ITEM"
+        SELECTIONS+=("$ITEM")
+        ((COUNT++))
+        if [[ $COUNT -eq $NUMBEROFCHOICES ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+    else
+        echo "Invalid selection"
+    fi
+done
+
+# Loop through each of the selected models
+for ITEM in "${SELECTIONS[@]}"; do
+    echo "--------------------------------------------------------------"
+    echo "Loading the model $ITEM into memory"
+    ollama run "$ITEM" ""
+    echo "--------------------------------------------------------------"
+    echo "Running the questions through the model $ITEM"
+    COMMAND_OUTPUT=$(ollama run "$ITEM" --verbose < sourcequestions.txt 2>&1| tee /dev/stderr)
+
+    # eval duration is sometimes listed in seconds and sometimes in milliseconds. 
+    # Add up the values for each model
+    SUM=$(echo "$COMMAND_OUTPUT" | awk '
+    /eval duration:/ {
+        value = $3
+        if (index(value, "ms") > 0) {
+            gsub("ms", "", value)
+            value /= 1000
+        } else {
+            gsub("s", "", value)
+        }
+        sum += value
+    }
+    END { print sum }')
+
+
+    SUMS+=("All questions for $ITEM completed in $SUM seconds")
+done
+
+echo ""
+echo "--------------------------------------------------------------"
+echo -e "Sums of eval durations for each run:"
+for val in "${SUMS[@]}"; do
+    echo "$val"
+done
+
+echo "--------------------------------------------------------------"
+echo "Comparison complete. Now you can decide"
+echo "which model is best."
+echo "--------------------------------------------------------------"

examples/bash-comparemodels/sourcequestions.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Why is the sky blue
+What is a black hole
+Explain the big bang theory like I am 5?
+What is the quickest way to win a game of Monopoly with 3 others?
+Why does a vacuum bottle keep my coffee hot and my milkshake cold?
+What is the difference between a meteor, a meteorite, and a meteoroid?
+Create an array with 5 items and print to the console. Do this in Python, C#, Typescript, and Rust.

examples/jupyter-notebook/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Ollama Jupyter Notebook
+
+This example downloads and installs Ollama in a Jupyter instance such as Google Colab. It will start the Ollama service and expose an endpoint using `ngrok` which can be used to communicate with the Ollama instance remotely.
+
+For best results, use an instance with GPU accelerator.

examples/jupyter-notebook/ollama.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "93f59dcb-c588-41b8-a792-55d88ade739c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Download and run the Ollama Linux install script\n",
+    "!curl https://ollama.ai/install.sh | sh\n",
+    "!command -v systemctl >/dev/null && sudo systemctl stop ollama"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "658c147e-c7f8-490e-910e-62b80f577dda",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "!pip install aiohttp pyngrok\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import os\n",
+    "import asyncio\n",
+    "from aiohttp import ClientSession\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH so the system NVIDIA library becomes preferred\n",
+    "# over the built-in library. This is particularly important for \n",
+    "# Google Colab which installs older drivers\n",
+    "os.environ.update({'LD_LIBRARY_PATH': '/usr/lib64-nvidia'})\n",
+    "\n",
+    "async def run(cmd):\n",
+    "  '''\n",
+    "  run is a helper function to run subcommands asynchronously.\n",
+    "  '''\n",
+    "  print('>>> starting', *cmd)\n",
+    "  p = await asyncio.subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(\n",
+    "      *cmd,\n",
+    "      stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,\n",
+    "      stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,\n",
+    "  )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "  async def pipe(lines):\n",
+    "    async for line in lines:\n",
+    "      print(line.strip().decode('utf-8'))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "  await asyncio.gather(\n",
+    "      pipe(p.stdout),\n",
+    "      pipe(p.stderr),\n",
+    "  )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "await asyncio.gather(\n",
+    "    run(['ollama', 'serve']),\n",
+    "    run(['ngrok', 'http', '--log', 'stderr', '11434']),\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "e7735a55-9aad-4caf-8683-52e2163ba53b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "The previous cell starts two processes, `ollama` and `ngrok`. The log output will show a line like the following which describes the external address.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "t=2023-11-12T22:55:56+0000 lvl=info msg=\"started tunnel\" obj=tunnels name=command_line addr=http://localhost:11434 url=https://8249-34-125-179-11.ngrok.io\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The external address in this case is `https://8249-34-125-179-11.ngrok.io` which can be passed into `OLLAMA_HOST` to access this instance.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "export OLLAMA_HOST=https://8249-34-125-179-11.ngrok.io\n",
+    "ollama list\n",
+    "ollama run mistral\n",
+    "```"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.11.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

examples/kubernetes/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Deploy Ollama to Kubernetes
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Ollama: https://ollama.ai/download
+- Kubernetes cluster. This example will use Google Kubernetes Engine.
+
+## Steps
+
+1. Create the Ollama namespace, daemon set, and service
+
+    ```bash
+    kubectl apply -f cpu.yaml
+    ```
+
+1. Port forward the Ollama service to connect and use it locally
+
+    ```bash
+    kubectl -n ollama port-forward service/ollama 11434:80
+    ```
+
+1. Pull and run a model, for example `orca-mini:3b`
+
+    ```bash
+    ollama run orca-mini:3b
+    ```
+
+## (Optional) Hardware Acceleration
+
+Hardware acceleration in Kubernetes requires NVIDIA's [`k8s-device-plugin`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin). Follow the link for more details.
+
+Once configured, create a GPU enabled Ollama deployment.
+
+```bash
+kubectl apply -f gpu.yaml
+```

examples/kubernetes/cpu.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+  namespace: ollama
+spec:
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      name: ollama
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: ollama
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: ollama
+        image: ollama/ollama:latest
+        ports:
+        - name: http
+          containerPort: 11434
+          protocol: TCP
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+  namespace: ollama
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  selector:
+    name: ollama
+  ports:
+  - port: 80
+    name: http
+    targetPort: http
+    protocol: TCP

examples/kubernetes/gpu.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+  namespace: ollama
+spec:
+  strategy:
+    type: Recreate
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      name: ollama
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: ollama
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: ollama
+        image: ollama/ollama:latest
+        env:
+        - name: PATH
+          value: /usr/local/nvidia/bin:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
+        - name: LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+          value: /usr/local/nvidia/lib64
+        ports:
+        - name: http
+          containerPort: 11434
+          protocol: TCP
+        resources:
+          limits:
+            nvidia.com/gpu: 1
+      tolerations:
+      - key: nvidia.com/gpu
+        operator: Exists
+        effect: NoSchedule
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: ollama
+  namespace: ollama
+spec:
+  type: ClusterIP
+  selector:
+    name: ollama
+  ports:
+  - port: 80
+    name: http
+    targetPort: http
+    protocol: TCP

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-node_modules
-artcollection

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/findArt.ts

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-import { Chroma } from "langchain/vectorstores/chroma";
-import { ChromaTranslator } from "langchain/retrievers/self_query/chroma";
-import { Ollama } from "langchain/llms/ollama"
-import { AttributeInfo } from "langchain/schema/query_constructor";
-import { HuggingFaceTransformersEmbeddings } from "langchain/embeddings/hf_transformers";
-import { SelfQueryRetriever } from "langchain/retrievers/self_query";
-
-const modelName = "codellama";
-
-// Define the attributes of the schema so that the model will know what to look for
-const attributeInfo: AttributeInfo[] = [
-  {
-    name: "title",
-    type: "string",
-    description: "The title of the painting"
-  },
-  {
-    name: "date",
-    type: "integer",
-    description: "The four digit year when the painting was created"
-  },
-  {
-    name: "artistName",
-    type: "string",
-    description: "The first name and last name of the artist who created the painting. Always use the full name in the filter, even if it isn't included. If the query is 'van Gogh', the filter should be 'Vincent van Gogh'. Use Pierre-Auguste Renoir instead of just Renoir."
-  }
-]
-
-
-// Define the model used to generate embeddings, these capture the context of the input data
-const embeddings = new HuggingFaceTransformersEmbeddings({
-  modelName: "Xenova/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
-});
-
-// Run the model using Ollama
-const llm = new Ollama({
-  model: modelName
-})
-
-const documentContents = "Description of the art";
-
-const findArt = async () => {
-  // Load the saved vector store
-  const vectorStore = await Chroma.fromExistingCollection(embeddings, {
-    collectionName: "artcollection",
-  });
-
-  const retriever = SelfQueryRetriever.fromLLM({
-    llm, vectorStore, documentContents, attributeInfo, verbose: false, useOriginalQuery: true, structuredQueryTranslator: new ChromaTranslator()
-  });
-
-  // Get the query from the command line
-  const query = process.argv[2];
-
-  try {
-    const newquery = await retriever.getRelevantDocuments(query, [
-      // You can add callbacks to the retriever to get information about the process. In this case, show the output 
-      // query from the LLM used to retrieve the documents
-      {
-        handleLLMEnd(output) {
-          console.log("This is the output from the LLM after it has come up with a filter")
-          const llmEndOutput = output.generations[0][0].text.replace(/\\"/gm, "'").replace(/\n/gm, "")
-          console.log(`output - ${JSON.stringify(llmEndOutput, null, 2)}`)
-        }
-      },
-    ]);
-    console.log(newquery);
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.log(`There was an error getting the values: ${error}`);
-  }
-}
-
-findArt();

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/generateSource.ts

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-import { Artwork, RawArtwork } from './types';
-import { HuggingFaceTransformersEmbeddings } from 'langchain/embeddings/hf_transformers';
-import { Chroma } from "langchain/vectorstores/chroma";
-import { Document } from "langchain/document";
-import { ChromaClient } from "chromadb";
-const numberOfArtworks = 10;
-
-// list of artists we are going to pull from the API
-const artists = ["van Gogh", "Renoir", "Monet", "Picasso"]
-
-const generateSource = async () => {
-  // Delete the existing vector store so that we don't get duplicate documents
-  await new ChromaClient().deleteCollection({
-    name: "artcollection",
-  });
-  const allartworkdocs = await getArt(artists);
-
-  // Create the vector store
-  const vectorStore = await Chroma.fromDocuments(allartworkdocs, embedding, { collectionName: "artcollection" });
-  console.log(`Created vector store with ${await vectorStore.collection?.count()} documents`);
-}
-
-const getArt = async (artists: string[]) => {
-  const artworks: Artwork[] = [];
-  const artistsWorkIds: number[] = []
-
-  for (const artist of artists) {
-    // First get the ids of the works by each artist
-    const thisIds = await fetchArtistWorkIds(artist);
-    console.log(`Fetching ${artist}`);
-    await (new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000)));
-    artistsWorkIds.push(...thisIds);
-  };
-  // now get the actual artwork
-  const artwork = await fetchArtwork(artistsWorkIds);
-  return artwork
-}
-
-const fetchArtistWorkIds = async (artist: string): Promise<number[]> => {
-  const artistURL = `https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/search?q=${artist}&limit=${numberOfArtworks}`;
-  const response = await fetch(artistURL);
-  const json = await response.json();
-  const artistWorks: { id: number }[] = json.data;
-  return artistWorks.map((work) => work.id);
-}
-const embedding = new HuggingFaceTransformersEmbeddings({
-  modelName: "Xenova/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
-});
-
-//Turns out there are some weird characters in the descriptions
-const sanitize = (badstring: string): string => {
-  let goodstring = " ";
-  if (badstring !== null) {
-    goodstring = badstring
-      .replace(/<\s*a\s+[^>]*href\s*=\s*[\"']?([^\"' >]+)[\"' >]>/gm, "")
-      .replace(/<\/a>/gm, "")
-      .replace(/<\/?em>/gm, "")
-      .replace(/[\u2018\u2019]/gm, "")
-      .replace(/[\u201C\u201D]/gm, "")
-      .replace(/[\u2013\u2014]/gm, "-")
-      .replace(/[\u2026]/gm, "...")
-      .replace(/[\u00A0]/gm, " ")
-      .replace(/[\u00AD]/gm, "-")
-      .replace(/[\u00B0]/gm, " degrees ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B1]/gm, " plus or minus ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B2]/gm, " squared ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B3]/gm, " cubed ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B4]/gm, "'")
-      .replace(/[\u00B5]/gm, " micro ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B6]/gm, " paragraph ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B7]/gm, " dot ")
-      .replace(/[\u00B8]/gm, ",")
-      .replace(/[\u00B9]/gm, " first ")
-      .replace(/[\u00BA]/gm, " degrees ")
-      .replace(/[\u00BB]/gm, ">>")
-      .replace(/[\u00BC]/gm, " 1/4 ")
-      .replace(/[\u00BD]/gm, " 1/2 ")
-      .replace(/[\uFB01]/gm, "fi")
-      .replace(/[\uFB02]/gm, "fl")
-      .replace(/[\uFB03]/gm, "ffi")
-      .replace(/[\uFB04]/gm, "ffl")
-      .replace(/[\uFB05]/gm, "ft")
-      .replace(/[\uFB06\uFB07\uFB08]/gm, "st")
-      .replace(/[\u00D7]/gm, "x")
-      .replace(/[\u00E8\u00E9]/gm, "e")
-      .replace(/[\u00F1]/gm, "n")
-      .replace(/[\u00F6]/gm, "o")
-      .replace(/[\u00F8]/gm, "o")
-      .replace(/[\u00FC]/gm, "u")
-      .replace(/[\u00FF]/gm, "y")
-      .replace(/[\u0101\u0103\u00E0]/gm, "a")
-      .replace(/[\u00C9]/gm, "E")
-      .replace(/<p>/gm, "")
-      .replace(/<\/p>/gm, "")
-      .replace(/\n/gm, "");
-  };
-  return goodstring;
-}
-
-const fetchArtwork = async (workids: number[]) => {
-  const docsarray = [];
-  const artworks: Artwork[] = [];
-
-  for await (const workid of workids) {
-    const artworkURL = `https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/${workid}`;
-    const response = await fetch(artworkURL);
-    const json = await response.json();
-    const artworkraw: RawArtwork = await json.data as RawArtwork;
-    const description = sanitize(artworkraw.description)
-    if (description !== " ") {
-      const doc = new Document({
-        pageContent: description,
-        metadata: {
-          title: sanitize(artworkraw.title),
-          date: artworkraw.date_end,
-          artistName:  artworkraw.artist_title,
-        }
-      });
-      docsarray.push(doc);
-      console.log("------------------")
-      console.log(`${artworkraw.title} - ${artworkraw.artist_title}`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return docsarray;
-}
-
-generateSource();

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/package.json

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "typescript-selfqueryingretreival",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "description": "",
-  "main": "index.js",
-  "scripts": {
-    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
-  },
-  "keywords": [],
-  "author": "",
-  "license": "ISC",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "@xenova/transformers": "^2.7.0",
-    "chromadb": "^1.5.11",
-    "langchain": "^0.0.177",
-    "ollama-node": "^0.1.24",
-    "peggy": "^3.0.2",
-    "sharp": "^0.32.6"
-  }
-}

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/readme.md

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-# Self Query Retrieval
-
-Filtering your vector database results to get better answers from your LLM.
-
-![sqr 2023-11-05 14_30_50](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/assets/633681/55afb7f5-ebd8-4c58-86ba-284594fd1ec8)
-
-## TLDR
-
-1. Install and run ChromaDB
-   1. Run `git clone https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma.git`
-   2. `cd chroma`
-   3. `docker-compose up -d --build`
-2. Navigate to this example's directory
-3. `npm install`
-4. `tsx ./GenerateSource.ts`
-5. `tsx ./FindArt.ts "are there any paintings from the artist Pablo Picasso"`
-
-Other questions to try:
-
-- Are there any paintings painted in 1881
-- Are there any paintings painted by Vincent van Gogh
-
-Note: If you haven't used `tsx`, it's a more modern alternate to `ts-node` and works especially well when you have libraries that use different module types. You can find it at [https://github.com/esbuild-kit/tsx](https://github.com/esbuild-kit/tsx).
-
-## Introduction
-
-Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is what developers usually reach for when they want to ask questions to all of their notes. But often it doesn't give the results you need. And that's because there is still too much information. And frequently it's the wrong information. When you ask a question, RAG will retrieve a set of documents that it thinks are relevant to the question and then hand them off to the LLM. If you ask "what is a transformer", it may grab excerpts from the Transformers paper you read recently, along with sections of your Intro to Electronics book. Even if you ask a better question, such as "what is a transformer in the context of electrical engineering", it may still grab excerpts from the Transformers paper. And that's because the Transformers paper is a very good match for the question. It's just not the right match.
-
-Ideally, the Transformers paper and the Electronics book would be added to the database with some metadata, such as the topics or keywords. But RAG typically doesn't look at those metadata fields. And that's where Self Query Retrieval comes in. It's a way to use traditional database queries to narrow down the set of documents that RAG will use and thus get better results.
-
-## How it works
-
-There are a few things you need to do to enable Self Query Retrieval. First, there needs to be additional metadata about your content in the database. The examples in the Langchain documentation are based on movies, and the metadata includes the year, the director's name, the genre, etc. And then you need to pass the schema to the query to help it get the right documents.
-
-## The code
-
-There are two main parts to the code. First there is a `GenerateSource.ts` file and then there is a `FindArt.ts` file. Let's look at GenerateSource first.
-
-### GenerateSource
-
-The purpose of Generate Source is to create our data source. For this example, we are using the [Chicago Institute of Art API,](https://api.artic.edu/docs/#introduction) which is incredible. This will be loaded into a vector database, which for this example is ChromaDB.
-
-This could be any CSV file or other data source you have access to. The file would have a single descriptive column and then metadata columns. All the relevant columns from our dataset are being added to a Document object. Then that array of Documents is being loaded into ChromaDB. Finally, at the end, I verify that documents were created by outputting a count to the screen.
-
-```typescript
-  await new ChromaClient().deleteCollection({
-    name: "artcollection",
-  });
-
-  const vectorStore = await Chroma.fromDocuments(allartworkdocs, 
-        embedding, { collectionName: "artcollection" });
-  console.log(`Created vector store with 
-        ${await vectorStore.collection?.count()} documents`);
-```
-
-### FindArt
-
-To actually find the art, we need to start by loading the database:
-
-```typescript
-  const vectorStore = await Chroma.fromExistingCollection(embeddings, {
-    collectionName: "artcollection",
-  });
-```
-
-Now we can create our Self Query Retriever. This needs to be created referring to the LLM, the database, the description of the document and the description of all the attributes in the metadata, and finally a structured query translator which will take the query generated by the LLM and turn it into something useable by the database.
-
-```typescript
-const llm = new Ollama({
-  model: modelName
-})
-const documentContents = "Description of the art";
-
-const attributeInfo: AttributeInfo[] = [
-  {
-    name: "title",
-    type: "string",
-    description: "The title of the painting"
-  },
-  {
-    name: "date",
-    type: "integer",
-    description: "The four digit year when the painting was created"
-  },
-  {
-    name: "artistName",
-    type: "string",
-    description: "The first name and last name of the artist who created the painting. Always use the full name in the filter, even if it isn't included. If the query is 'van Gogh', the filter should be 'Vincent van Gogh'. Use Pierre-Auguste Renoir instead of just Renoir."
-  }
-]
-
-const retriever = SelfQueryRetriever.fromLLM({
-  llm, vectorStore, documentContents, attributeInfo, verbose: false, useOriginalQuery: true, structuredQueryTranslator: new ChromaTranslator()
-});
-```
-
-Now we can ask a question and get the results:
-
-```typescript
-const newquery = await retriever.getRelevantDocuments(query)
-```
-
-## Next Steps
-
-When you run this example, you will get a set of documents from the database that may be a bit more relevant to your question. Now you could feed those to the LLM and get the actual answer to the question based on these documents.
-
-To take this further, you could work on getting more out of the dataset. It turns out that this works best if there is only a single possible value for any given field. Our artists are often referred to by their last name, but sometimes using their full name. It may be Vincent van Gogh, or just van Gogh. Another way to get around this is to build a better query translator that knows that the search could be for a substring of the full name. But that also requires looking into the metadata searching capabilities of the database.
-
-Maybe it makes more sense to move the artist name and title of the work into the document itself. Then add some more metadata (there are at least 100 other attributes in the raw API that aren't used in this example.)
-
-Also try different models. In testing so far, it seems that `codellama` produces more reliably useable filters. It's not perfect and can still create a filter that won't find anything. When a new code model comes out, you might try that to see if it performs better.

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/tsconfig.json

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "target": "es2016",                                  
-    "module": "commonjs",                                /* Specify what module code is generated. */
-    "esModuleInterop": true,                             /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' for type compatibility. */
-    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,            /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */
-    "strict": true,                                      /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
-    "skipLibCheck": true                                 /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
-  }
-}

examples/langchain-typescript-selfqueryingretrieval/types.ts

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-export type RawArtwork = {
-  id: number;
-  title: string;
-  artist_display: string;
-  place_of_origin: string;
-  date_start: number;
-  date_end: number;
-  duration: number;
-  dimensions: string;
-  medium_display: string;
-  credit_line: string;
-  artwork_type_title: string;
-  department_title: string;
-  artist_title: string;
-  classification_title: string;
-  description: string;
-}
-
-export type Artwork = {
-  id: number;
-  title: string;
-  country: string;
-  date: number;
-  artist: string;
-  description: string;
-}

examples/python-functioncalling/emails.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+Hi matt, 
+
+thanks for letting me know that you are going to come today, November 16, for my tea party. My address is 123 Falk St on Bainbridge Island. I live in the house with the red door. I will be home all day so just come by whenever you want.
+
+Fred
+
+---
+Great, send the check to our office at 1917 1st St, Seattle, WA 98101. I will let you know when we receive it.
+
+Mark Richardson
+Big Corp
+---
+We are looking forward to seeing you at our Local AI Meetup. It will be held on December 3. It will be at the offices of Enormous Co. Our address is 344 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101. We will be meeting in the conference room on the 3rd floor.
+
+Barbara Reilly
+Enormous Co.

examples/python-functioncalling/extractemail.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import requests
+import json
+
+model = "openchat"
+
+
+def reportEvents(name, date, location):
+    nameString = name if name else "an event"
+    dateString = f" on {date}" if date else ""
+    locationString = f" at {location}" if location else ""
+    print(f"You have an event: {nameString}{dateString}{locationString}")
+
+
+def reportAddresses(address):
+    for field in address:
+        if field == "city":
+            city = address["city"]
+            state = f", {address['state']}" if address["state"] else ""
+            zip = f" {address['zip']}"
+            print(f"{city}{state}{zip}\n")
+            break
+        else:
+            print(address[field])
+
+
+systemPrompt = "You will be given a text along with a prompt and a schema. You will have to extract the information requested in the prompt from the text and generate output in JSON observing the schema provided. If the schema shows a type of integer or number, you must only show a integer for that field. A string should always be a valid string. If a value is unknown, leave it empty. Output the JSON with extra spaces to ensure that it pretty prints."
+
+schema = {
+    "eventsQuantity": {
+        "type": "integer",
+        "description": "The number of events in the source text",
+    },
+    "addressesQuantity": {
+        "type": "integer",
+        "description": "The number of addresses in the source text",
+    },
+    "events": [
+        {
+            "name": {"type": "string", "description": "Name of the event"},
+            "date": {"type": "string", "description": "Date of the event"},
+            "location": {"type": "string", "description": "Location of the event"},
+            "extraInfo": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Any extra information that is provided about the event.",
+            },
+        }
+    ],
+    "people": [
+        {
+            "name": {"type": "string", "description": "Name of the person"},
+            "company": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Name of the company where they work",
+            },
+            "street": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Street address of the person or company. This is only the street name and the numerical address. Do not include city, state, or zip of the address in this field.",
+            },
+            "city": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "City portion of the address of the person or company",
+            },
+            "state": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "State portion of the address of the person or company",
+            },
+            "zip": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Zip code of the person or company",
+            },
+            "extraInfo": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "description": "Any extra information that is provided about the location.",
+            },
+        }
+    ],
+}
+
+with open("emails.txt") as f:
+    content=f.read()
+
+prompt = f"The source text is a series of emails that have been put into a single file. They are separated by three dashes. Review the source text and determine the full address of the person sending each of the emails as well as any events that we need to track. If they provide a company address use that. If any extra info is provided, such as a description of the place, or a floor, add it to extraInfo. The first field in the address JSON is quantity of events and should be set to the number of events tracked and the second field should be set to the number of addresses tracked in the file. Don't stuff an event into the output that isn't an event. Only add data to the mostly appropriate field. Don't make up fields that aren't in the schema. If there isn't a value for a field, use null. Output should be in JSON.\n\nSchema: \n{schema}\n\nSource Text:\n{content}"
+
+
+r = requests.post(
+    "http://localhost:11434/api/generate",
+    json={
+        "model": model,
+        "system": systemPrompt,
+        "prompt": prompt,
+        "format": "json",
+        "stream": False,
+    },
+)
+
+j = json.loads(r.text)
+
+output = json.loads(j["response"])
+events = output["events"]
+addresses = output["people"]
+
+print(f"Here are your {output['eventsQuantity']} events:")
+for event in events:
+    reportEvents(event["name"], event["date"], event["location"])
+
+print(f"\n\nHere are your {output['addressesQuantity']} addresses")
+for address in addresses:
+    reportAddresses(address)

examples/python-functioncalling/extractwp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import requests
+import json
+
+model = "orca2"
+
+systemprompt = "You will be given a text along with a prompt and a schema. You will have to extract the information requested in the prompt from the text and generate output in JSON observing the schema provided. If the schema shows a type of integer or number, you must only show a integer for that field. A string should always be a valid string. If a value is unknown, leave it empty. Output the JSON with extra spaces to ensure that it pretty prints."
+
+schema = {
+    "people": [
+        {
+            "name": {"type": "string", "description": "Name of the person"},
+            "title": {"type": "string", "description": "Title of the person"},
+        }
+    ],
+}
+
+# Read the content from the file
+words = []
+with open("wp.txt") as f:
+    maxwords = 2000
+    count = 0
+    lines = f.readlines()
+    for line in lines:
+        for word in line.split(" "):
+            count += 1
+            if count > maxwords:
+                break
+            words.append(word)
+content = ' '.join(words)
+
+# Use the text and schema to set the prompt
+prompt = f"Review the source text and determine 10 the most important people to focus on. Then extract the name and title for those people. Output should be in JSON.\n\nSchema: {schema}\n\nSource Text:\n{content}"
+
+
+# Make the actual request to the model
+r = requests.post(
+    "http://localhost:11434/api/generate",
+    json={
+        "model": model,
+        "system": systemprompt,
+        "prompt": prompt,
+        "format": "json",
+        "stream": False
+    },
+)
+
+# Get the response as JSON.
+j = json.loads(r.text)
+
+# Return the result.
+print(j["response"])
+

examples/python-functioncalling/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Function calling
+
+![function calling 2023-11-16 16_12_58](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/assets/633681/a0acc247-9746-45ab-b325-b65dfbbee4fb)
+
+Function calling in the context of LLM's simply means that the output of the model is formatted in JSON, using a preconfigured schema, and uses the expected types. Then your code can use the output of the model and call functions with it. Using the JSON format in Ollama, you can use any model for function calling. 
+
+The two examples provided can extract information out of the provided texts. The first example uses the first couple of chapters from War and Peace by Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, and extracts the names and titles of the characters introduced in the story. The second example uses a more complicated schema to pull out addresses and event information from a series of emails.
+
+## Running the examples
+
+1. Clone this repo and navigate to the `examples/python-functioncalling` directory.
+2. Install the dependencies with `pip install -r requirements.txt`.
+3. Review the `wp.txt` file.
+4. Run `python extractwp.py`.
+5. Review the `info.txt` file.
+6. Run `python extractemail.py`.
+
+## Review the Code
+
+Both examples do roughly the same thing with different source material. They both use the same system prompt, which tells the model to expect some instructions and a schema. Then we inject the schema into the prompt and generate an answer.
+
+The first example, `extractwp.py`, outputs the resulting JSON to the console, listing the characters introduced at the start of War and Peace. The second example, `extractemail.py`, is a bit more complicated, extracting two different types of information: addresses and events. It outputs the results to a JSON blob, then the addresses are handed off to one function called `reportAddresses` and the events are handed off to another function called `reportEvents`.
+
+Notice that both examples are using the model from Intel called `openchat`. This is not a model tuned for function calling, yet it performs very well at this task.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+Try exporting some of your real emails to the input file and seeing how well the model does. Try pointing the first example at other books. You could even have it cycle through all the sections and maybe add up the number of times any character is seen throughout the book, determining the most important characters. You can also try out different models.

examples/python-functioncalling/wp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes. But I warn you, if you don't tell me that this means war, if you still try to defend the infamies and horrors perpetrated by that Antichrist - I really believe he is Antichrist - I will have nothing more to do with you and you are no longer my friend, no longer my 'faithful slave,' as you call yourself! But how do you do? I see I have frightened you - sit down and tell me all the news."
+
+It was in July, 1805, and the speaker was the well-known Anna Pavlovna Scherer, maid of honor and favorite of the Empress Marya Fedorovna. With these words she greeted Prince Vasili Kuragin, a man of high rank and importance, who was the first to arrive at her reception. Anna Pavlovna had had a cough for some days. She was, as she said, suffering from la grippe; grippe being then a new word in St. Petersburg, used only by the elite.
+
+All her invitations without exception, written in French, and delivered by a scarlet-liveried footman that morning, ran as follows:
+
+"If you have nothing better to do, Count (or Prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible, I shall be very charmed to see you tonight between 7 and 10 - Annette Scherer."
+
+"Heavens! what a virulent attack!" replied the prince, not in the least disconcerted by this reception. He had just entered, wearing an embroidered court uniform, knee breeches, and shoes, and had stars on his breast and a serene expression on his flat face. He spoke in that refined French in which our grandfathers not only spoke but thought, and with the gentle, patronizing intonation natural to a man of importance who had grown old in society and at court. He went up to Anna Pavlovna, kissed her hand, presenting to her his bald, scented, and shining head, and complacently seated himself on the sofa.
+
+"First of all, dear friend, tell me how you are. Set your friend's mind at rest," said he without altering his tone, beneath the politeness and affected sympathy of which indifference and even irony could be discerned.
+
+"Can one be well while suffering morally? Can one be calm in times like these if one has any feeling?" said Anna Pavlovna. "You are staying the whole evening, I hope?"
+
+"And the fete at the English ambassador's? Today is Wednesday. I must put in an appearance there," said the prince. "My daughter is coming for me to take me there."
+
+"I thought today's fete had been canceled. I confess all these festivities and fireworks are becoming wearisome."
+
+"If they had known that you wished it, the entertainment would have been put off," said the prince, who, like a wound-up clock, by force of habit said things he did not even wish to be believed.
+
+"Don't tease! Well, and what has been decided about Novosiltsev's dispatch? You know everything."
+
+"What can one say about it?" replied the prince in a cold, listless tone. "What has been decided? They have decided that Buonaparte has burnt his boats, and I believe that we are ready to burn ours."
+
+Prince Vasili always spoke languidly, like an actor repeating a stale part. Anna Pavlovna Scherer on the contrary, despite her forty years, overflowed with animation and impulsiveness. To be an enthusiast had become her social vocation and, sometimes even when she did not feel like it, she became enthusiastic in order not to disappoint the expectations of those who knew her. The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded features, always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she neither wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to correct.
+
+In the midst of a conversation on political matters Anna Pavlovna burst out:
+
+"Oh, don't speak to me of Austria. Perhaps I don't understand things, but Austria never has wished, and does not wish, for war. She is betraying us! Russia alone must save Europe. Our gracious sovereign recognizes his high vocation and will be true to it. That is the one thing I have faith in! Our good and wonderful sovereign has to perform the noblest role on earth, and he is so virtuous and noble that God will not forsake him. He will fulfill his vocation and crush the hydra of revolution, which has become more terrible than ever in the person of this murderer and villain! We alone must avenge the blood of the just one.... Whom, I ask you, can we rely on?... England with her commercial spirit will not and cannot understand the Emperor Alexander's loftiness of soul. She has refused to evacuate Malta. She wanted to find, and still seeks, some secret motive in our actions. What answer did Novosiltsev get? None. The English have not understood and cannot understand the self-abnegation of our Emperor who wants nothing for himself, but only desires the good of mankind. And what have they promised? Nothing! And what little they have promised they will not perform! Prussia has always declared that Buonaparte is invincible, and that all Europe is powerless before him.... And I don't believe a word that Hardenburg says, or Haugwitz either. This famous Prussian neutrality is just a trap. I have faith only in God and the lofty destiny of our adored monarch. He will save Europe!"
+
+She suddenly paused, smiling at her own impetuosity.
+
+"I think," said the prince with a smile, "that if you had been sent instead of our dear Wintzingerode you would have captured the King of Prussia's consent by assault. You are so eloquent. Will you give me a cup of tea?"
+
+"In a moment. A propos," she added, becoming calm again, "I am expecting two very interesting men tonight, le Vicomte de Mortemart, who is connected with the Montmorencys through the Rohans, one of the best French families. He is one of the genuine emigres, the good ones. And also the Abbe Morio. Do you know that profound thinker? He has been received by the Emperor. Had you heard?"
+
+"I shall be delighted to meet them," said the prince. "But tell me," he added with studied carelessness as if it had only just occurred to him, though the question he was about to ask was the chief motive of his visit, "is it true that the Dowager Empress wants Baron Funke to be appointed first secretary at Vienna? The baron by all accounts is a poor creature."
+
+Prince Vasili wished to obtain this post for his son, but others were trying through the Dowager Empress Marya Fedorovna to secure it for the baron.
+
+Anna Pavlovna almost closed her eyes to indicate that neither she nor anyone else had a right to criticize what the Empress desired or was pleased with.
+
+"Baron Funke has been recommended to the Dowager Empress by her sister," was all she said, in a dry and mournful tone.
+
+As she named the Empress, Anna Pavlovna's face suddenly assumed an expression of profound and sincere devotion and respect mingled with sadness, and this occurred every time she mentioned her illustrious patroness. She added that Her Majesty had deigned to show Baron Funke beaucoup d'estime, and again her face clouded over with sadness.
+
+The prince was silent and looked indifferent. But, with the womanly and courtierlike quickness and tact habitual to her, Anna Pavlovna wished both to rebuke him (for daring to speak as he had done of a man recommended to the Empress) and at the same time to console him, so she said:
+
+"Now about your family. Do you know that since your daughter came out everyone has been enraptured by her? They say she is amazingly beautiful."
+
+The prince bowed to signify his respect and gratitude.
+
+"I often think," she continued after a short pause, drawing nearer to the prince and smiling amiably at him as if to show that political and social topics were ended and the time had come for intimate conversation - "I often think how unfairly sometimes the joys of life are distributed. Why has fate given you two such splendid children? I don't speak of Anatole, your youngest. I don't like him," she added in a tone admitting of no rejoinder and raising her eyebrows. "Two such charming children. And really you appreciate them less than anyone, and so you don't deserve to have them."
+
+And she smiled her ecstatic smile.
+
+"I can't help it," said the prince. "Lavater would have said I lack the bump of paternity."
+
+"Don't joke; I mean to have a serious talk with you. Do you know I am dissatisfied with your younger son? Between ourselves" (and her face assumed its melancholy expression), "he was mentioned at Her Majesty's and you were pitied...."
+
+The prince answered nothing, but she looked at him significantly, awaiting a reply. He frowned.
+
+"What would you have me do?" he said at last. "You know I did all a father could for their education, and they have both turned out fools. Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool, but Anatole is an active one. That is the only difference between them." He said this smiling in a way more natural and animated than usual, so that the wrinkles round his mouth very clearly revealed something unexpectedly coarse and unpleasant.
+
+"And why are children born to such men as you? If you were not a father there would be nothing I could reproach you with," said Anna Pavlovna, looking up pensively.
+
+"I am your faithful slave and to you alone I can confess that my children are the bane of my life. It is the cross I have to bear. That is how I explain it to myself. It can't be helped!"
+
+He said no more, but expressed his resignation to cruel fate by a gesture. Anna Pavlovna meditated.
+
+"Have you never thought of marrying your prodigal son Anatole?" she asked. "They say old maids have a mania for matchmaking, and though I don't feel that weakness in myself as yet, I know a little person who is very unhappy with her father. She is a relation of yours, Princess Mary Bolkonskaya."
+
+Prince Vasili did not reply, though, with the quickness of memory and perception befitting a man of the world, he indicated by a movement of the head that he was considering this information.
+
+"Do you know," he said at last, evidently unable to check the sad current of his thoughts, "that Anatole is costing me forty thousand rubles a year? And," he went on after a pause, "what will it be in five years, if he goes on like this?" Presently he added: "That's what we fathers have to put up with.... Is this princess of yours rich?"
+
+"Her father is very rich and stingy. He lives in the country. He is the well-known Prince Bolkonski who had to retire from the army under the late Emperor, and was nicknamed 'the King of Prussia.' He is very clever but eccentric, and a bore. The poor girl is very unhappy. She has a brother; I think you know him, he married Lise Meinen lately. He is an aide-de-camp of Kutuzov's and will be here tonight."
+
+"Listen, dear Annette," said the prince, suddenly taking Anna Pavlovna's hand and for some reason drawing it downwards. "Arrange that affair for me and I shall always be your most devoted slave-slafe with an f, as a village elder of mine writes in his reports. She is rich and of good family and that's all I want."
+
+And with the familiarity and easy grace peculiar to him, he raised the maid of honor's hand to his lips, kissed it, and swung it to and fro as he lay back in his armchair, looking in another direction.
+
+"Attendez," said Anna Pavlovna, reflecting, "I'll speak to Lise, young Bolkonski's wife, this very evening, and perhaps the thing can be arranged. It shall be on your family's behalf that I'll start my apprenticeship as old maid."
+
+Anna Pavlovna's drawing room was gradually filling. The highest Petersburg society was assembled there: people differing widely in age and character but alike in the social circle to which they belonged. Prince Vasili's daughter, the beautiful Helene, came to take her father to the ambassador's entertainment; she wore a ball dress and her badge as maid of honor. The youthful little Princess Bolkonskaya, known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg, * was also there. She had been married during the previous winter, and being pregnant did not go to any large gatherings, but only to small receptions. Prince Vasili's son, Hippolyte, had come with Mortemart, whom he introduced. The Abbe Morio and many others had also come.
+
+* The most fascinating woman in Petersburg.
+
+To each new arrival Anna Pavlovna said, "You have not yet seen my aunt," or "You do not know my aunt?" and very gravely conducted him or her to a little old lady, wearing large bows of ribbon in her cap, who had come sailing in from another room as soon as the guests began to arrive; and slowly turning her eyes from the visitor to her aunt, Anna Pavlovna mentioned each one's name and then left them.
+
+Each visitor performed the ceremony of greeting this old aunt whom not one of them knew, not one of them wanted to know, and not one of them cared about; Anna Pavlovna observed these greetings with mournful and solemn interest and silent approval. The aunt spoke to each of them in the same words, about their health and her own, and the health of Her Majesty, "who, thank God, was better today." And each visitor, though politeness prevented his showing impatience, left the old woman with a sense of relief at having performed a vexatious duty and did not return to her the whole evening.
+
+The young Princess Bolkonskaya had brought some work in a gold-embroidered velvet bag. Her pretty little upper lip, on which a delicate dark down was just perceptible, was too short for her teeth, but it lifted all the more sweetly, and was especially charming when she occasionally drew it down to meet the lower lip. As is always the case with a thoroughly attractive woman, her defect - the shortness of her upper lip and her half-open mouth - seemed to be her own special and peculiar form of beauty. Everyone brightened at the sight of this pretty young woman, so soon to become a mother, so full of life and health, and carrying her burden so lightly. Old men and dull dispirited young ones who looked at her, after being in her company and talking to her a little while, felt as if they too were becoming, like her, full of life and health. All who talked to her, and at each word saw her bright smile and the constant gleam of her white teeth, thought that they were in a specially amiable mood that day.
+
+The little princess went round the table with quick, short, swaying steps, her workbag on her arm, and gaily spreading out her dress sat down on a sofa near the silver samovar, as if all she was doing was a pleasure to herself and to all around her. "I have brought my work," said she in French, displaying her bag and addressing all present. "Mind, Annette, I hope you have not played a wicked trick on me," she added, turning to her hostess. "You wrote that it was to be quite a small reception, and just see how badly I am dressed." And she spread out her arms to show her short-waisted, lace-trimmed, dainty gray dress, girdled with a broad ribbon just below the breast.
+
+"Soyez tranquille, Lise, you will always be prettier than anyone else," replied Anna Pavlovna.
+
+"You know," said the princess in the same tone of voice and still in French, turning to a general, "my husband is deserting me? He is going to get himself killed. Tell me what this wretched war is for?" she added, addressing Prince Vasili, and without waiting for an answer she turned to speak to his daughter, the beautiful Helene.
+
+"What a delightful woman this little princess is!" said Prince Vasili to Anna Pavlovna.
+
+One of the next arrivals was a stout, heavily built young man with close-cropped hair, spectacles, the light-colored breeches fashionable at that time, a very high ruffle, and a brown dress coat. This stout young man was an illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov, a well-known grandee of Catherine's time who now lay dying in Moscow. The young man had not yet entered either the military or civil service, as he had only just returned from abroad where he had been educated, and this was his first appearance in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with the nod she accorded to the lowest hierarchy in her drawing room. But in spite of this lowest-grade greeting, a look of anxiety and fear, as at the sight of something too large and unsuited to the place, came over her face when she saw Pierre enter. Though he was certainly rather bigger than the other men in the room, her anxiety could only have reference to the clever though shy, but observant and natural, expression which distinguished him from everyone else in that drawing room.
+
+"It is very good of you, Monsieur Pierre, to come and visit a poor invalid," said Anna Pavlovna, exchanging an alarmed glance with her aunt as she conducted him to her.
+
+Pierre murmured something unintelligible, and continued to look round as if in search of something. On his way to the aunt he bowed to the little princess with a pleased smile, as to an intimate acquaintance.
+
+Anna Pavlovna's alarm was justified, for Pierre turned away from the aunt without waiting to hear her speech about Her Majesty's health. Anna Pavlovna in dismay detained him with the words: "Do you know the Abbe Morio? He is a most interesting man."
+
+"Yes, I have heard of his scheme for perpetual peace, and it is very interesting but hardly feasible."
+
+"You think so?" rejoined Anna Pavlovna in order to say something and get away to attend to her duties as hostess. But Pierre now committed a reverse act of impoliteness. First he had left a lady before she had finished speaking to him, and now he continued to speak to another who wished to get away. With his head bent, and his big feet spread apart, he began explaining his reasons for thinking the abbe's plan chimerical.
+
+"We will talk of it later," said Anna Pavlovna with a smile.
+
+And having got rid of this young man who did not know how to behave, she resumed her duties as hostess and continued to listen and watch, ready to help at any point where the conversation might happen to flag. As the foreman of a spinning mill, when he has set the hands to work, goes round and notices here a spindle that has stopped or there one that creaks or makes more noise than it should, and hastens to check the machine or set it in proper motion, so Anna Pavlovna moved about her drawing room, approaching now a silent, now a too-noisy group, and by a word or slight rearrangement kept the conversational machine in steady, proper, and regular motion. But amid these cares her anxiety about Pierre was evident. She kept an anxious watch on him when he approached the group round Mortemart to listen to what was being said there, and again when he passed to another group whose center was the abbe.
+
+Pierre had been educated abroad, and this reception at Anna Pavlovna's was the first he had attended in Russia. He knew that all the intellectual lights of Petersburg were gathered there and, like a child in a toyshop, did not know which way to look, afraid of missing any clever conversation that was to be heard. Seeing the self-confident and refined expression on the faces of those present he was always expecting to hear something very profound. At last he came up to Morio. Here the conversation seemed interesting and he stood waiting for an opportunity to express his own views, as young people are fond of doing.
+
+CHAPTER III
+Anna Pavlovna's reception was in full swing. The spindles hummed steadily and ceaselessly on all sides. With the exception of the aunt, beside whom sat only one elderly lady, who with her thin careworn face was rather out of place in this brilliant society, the whole company had settled into three groups. One, chiefly masculine, had formed round the abbe. Another, of young people, was grouped round the beautiful Princess Helene, Prince Vasili's daughter, and the little Princess Bolkonskaya, very pretty and rosy, though rather too plump for her age. The third group was gathered round Mortemart and Anna Pavlovna.
+
+The vicomte was a nice-looking young man with soft features and polished manners, who evidently considered himself a celebrity but out of politeness modestly placed himself at the disposal of the circle in which he found himself. Anna Pavlovna was obviously serving him up as a treat to her guests. As a clever maitre d'hotel serves up as a specially choice delicacy a piece of meat that no one who had seen it in the kitchen would have cared to eat, so Anna Pavlovna served up to her guests, first the vicomte and then the abbe, as peculiarly choice morsels. The group about Mortemart immediately began discussing the murder of the Duc d'Enghien. The vicomte said that the Duc d'Enghien had perished by his own magnanimity, and that there were particular reasons for Buonaparte's hatred of him.
+
+"Ah, yes! Do tell us all about it, Vicomte," said Anna Pavlovna, with a pleasant feeling that there was something A la Louis XV in the sound of that sentence: "Contez nous cela, Vicomte."
+
+The vicomte bowed and smiled courteously in token of his willingness to comply. Anna Pavlovna arranged a group round him, inviting everyone to listen to his tale.
+
+"The vicomte knew the duc personally," whispered Anna Pavlovna to one of the guests. "The vicomte is a wonderful raconteur," said she to another. "How evidently he belongs to the best society," said she to a third; and the vicomte was served up to the company in the choicest and most advantageous style, like a well-garnished joint of roast beef on a hot dish.
+
+The vicomte wished to begin his story and gave a subtle smile.
+
+"Come over here, Helene, dear," said Anna Pavlovna to the beautiful young princess who was sitting some way off, the center of another group.
+
+The princess smiled. She rose with the same unchanging smile with which she had first entered the room - the smile of a perfectly beautiful woman. With a slight rustle of her white dress trimmed with moss and ivy, with a gleam of white shoulders, glossy hair, and sparkling diamonds, she passed between the men who made way for her, not looking at any of them but smiling on all, as if graciously allowing each the privilege of admiring her beautiful figure and shapely shoulders, back, and bosom - which in the fashion of those days were very much exposed - and she seemed to bring the glamour of a ballroom with her as she moved toward Anna Pavlovna. Helene was so lovely that not only did she not show any trace of coquetry, but on the contrary she even appeared shy of her unquestionable and all too victorious beauty. She seemed to wish, but to be unable, to diminish its effect.
+
+"How lovely!" said everyone who saw her; and the vicomte lifted his shoulders and dropped his eyes as if startled by something extraordinary when she took her seat opposite and beamed upon him also with her unchanging smile.
+
+"Madame, I doubt my ability before such an audience," said he, smilingly inclining his head.
+
+The princess rested her bare round arm on a little table and considered a reply unnecessary. She smilingly waited. All the time the story was being told she sat upright, glancing now at her beautiful round arm, altered in shape by its pressure on the table, now at her still more beautiful bosom, on which she readjusted a diamond necklace. From time to time she smoothed the folds of her dress, and whenever the story produced an effect she glanced at Anna Pavlovna, at once adopted just the expression she saw on the maid of honor's face, and again relapsed into her radiant smile.
+
+The little princess had also left the tea table and followed Helene.
+
+"Wait a moment, I'll get my work.... Now then, what are you thinking of?" she went on, turning to Prince Hippolyte. "Fetch me my workbag."
+
+There was a general movement as the princess, smiling and talking merrily to everyone at once, sat down and gaily arranged herself in her seat.
+
+"Now I am all right," she said, and asking the vicomte to begin, she took up her work.
+
+Prince Hippolyte, having brought the workbag, joined the circle and moving a chair close to hers seated himself beside her.
+
+Le charmant Hippolyte was surprising by his extraordinary resemblance to his beautiful sister, but yet more by the fact that in spite of this resemblance he was exceedingly ugly. His features were like his sister's, but while in her case everything was lit up by a joyous, self-satisfied, youthful, and constant smile of animation, and by the wonderful classic beauty of her figure, his face on the contrary was dulled by imbecility and a constant expression of sullen self-confidence, while his body was thin and weak. His eyes, nose, and mouth all seemed puckered into a vacant, wearied grimace, and his arms and legs always fell into unnatural positions.
+
+"It's not going to be a ghost story?" said he, sitting down beside the princess and hastily adjusting his lorgnette, as if without this instrument he could not begin to speak.
+
+"Why no, my dear fellow," said the astonished narrator, shrugging his shoulders.
+
+"Because I hate ghost stories," said Prince Hippolyte in a tone which showed that he only understood the meaning of his words after he had uttered them.
+
+He spoke with such self-confidence that his hearers could not be sure whether what he said was very witty or very stupid. He was dressed in a dark-green dress coat, knee breeches of the color of cuisse de nymphe effrayee, as he called it, shoes, and silk stockings.
+
+The vicomte told his tale very neatly. It was an anecdote, then current, to the effect that the Duc d'Enghien had gone secretly to Paris to visit Mademoiselle George; that at her house he came upon Bonaparte, who also enjoyed the famous actress' favors, and that in his presence Napoleon happened to fall into one of the fainting fits to which he was subject, and was thus at the duc's mercy. The latter spared him, and this magnanimity Bonaparte subsequently repaid by death.
+
+The story was very pretty and interesting, especially at the point where the rivals suddenly recognized one another; and the ladies looked agitated.
+
+"Charming!" said Anna Pavlovna with an inquiring glance at the little princess.
+
+"Charming!" whispered the little princess, sticking the needle into her work as if to testify that the interest and fascination of the story prevented her from going on with it.
+
+The vicomte appreciated this silent praise and smiling gratefully prepared to continue, but just then Anna Pavlovna, who had kept a watchful eye on the young man who so alarmed her, noticed that he was talking too loudly and vehemently with the abbe, so she hurried to the rescue. Pierre had managed to start a conversation with the abbe about the balance of power, and the latter, evidently interested by the young man's simple-minded eagerness, was explaining his pet theory. Both were talking and listening too eagerly and too naturally, which was why Anna Pavlovna disapproved.
+
+"The means are ... the balance of power in Europe and the rights of the people," the abbe was saying. "It is only necessary for one powerful nation like Russia - barbaric as she is said to be - to place herself disinterestedly at the head of an alliance having for its object the maintenance of the balance of power of Europe, and it would save the world!"
+
+"But how are you to get that balance?" Pierre was beginning.
+
+At that moment Anna Pavlovna came up and, looking severely at Pierre, asked the Italian how he stood Russian climate. The Italian's face instantly changed and assumed an offensively affected, sugary expression, evidently habitual to him when conversing with women.
+
+"I am so enchanted by the brilliancy of the wit and culture of the society, more especially of the feminine society, in which I have had the honor of being received, that I have not yet had time to think of the climate," said he.
+
+Not letting the abbe and Pierre escape, Anna Pavlovna, the more conveniently to keep them under observation, brought them into the larger circle.
+

examples/python-json-datagenerator/predefinedschema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import requests
+import json
+import random
+
+model = "llama2"
+template = {
+  "firstName": "", 
+  "lastName": "", 
+  "address": {
+    "street": "", 
+    "city": "", 
+    "state": "", 
+    "zipCode": ""
+  }, 
+  "phoneNumber": ""
+}
+
+prompt = f"generate one realistically believable sample data set of a persons first name, last name, address in the US, and  phone number. \nUse the following template: {json.dumps(template)}."
+
+data = {
+    "prompt": prompt,
+    "model": model,
+    "format": "json",
+    "stream": False,
+    "options": {"temperature": 2.5, "top_p": 0.99, "top_k": 100},
+}
+
+print(f"Generating a sample user")
+response = requests.post("http://localhost:11434/api/generate", json=data, stream=False)
+json_data = json.loads(response.text)
+print(json.dumps(json.loads(json_data["response"]), indent=2))

examples/python-json-datagenerator/randomaddresses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import requests
+import json
+import random
+
+countries = [
+    "United States",
+    "United Kingdom",
+    "the Netherlands",
+    "Germany",
+    "Mexico",
+    "Canada",
+    "France",
+]
+country = random.choice(countries)
+model = "llama2"
+
+prompt = f"generate one realistically believable sample data set of a persons first name, last name, address in {country}, and phone number. Do not use common names. Respond using JSON. Key names should have no backslashes, values should use plain ascii with no special characters."
+
+data = {
+    "prompt": prompt,
+    "model": model,
+    "format": "json",
+    "stream": False,
+    "options": {"temperature": 2.5, "top_p": 0.99, "top_k": 100},
+}
+
+print(f"Generating a sample user in {country}")
+response = requests.post("http://localhost:11434/api/generate", json=data, stream=False)
+json_data = json.loads(response.text)
+
+print(json.dumps(json.loads(json_data["response"]), indent=2))

examples/python-json-datagenerator/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# JSON Output Example
+
+![llmjson 2023-11-10 15_31_31](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/assets/633681/e599d986-9b4a-4118-81a4-4cfe7e22da25)
+
+There are two python scripts in this example. `randomaddresses.py` generates random addresses from different countries. `predefinedschema.py` sets a template for the model to fill in.
+
+## Review the Code
+
+Both programs are basically the same, with a different prompt for each, demonstrating two different ideas. The key part of getting JSON out of a model is to state in the prompt or system prompt that it should respond using JSON, and specifying the `format` as `json` in the data body.
+
+```python
+prompt = f"generate one realistically believable sample data set of a persons first name, last name, address in {country}, and  phone number. Do not use common names. Respond using JSON. Key names should with no backslashes, values should use plain ascii with no special characters."
+
+data = {
+    "prompt": prompt,
+    "model": model,
+    "format": "json",
+    "stream": False,
+    "options": {"temperature": 2.5, "top_p": 0.99, "top_k": 100},
+}
+```
+
+When running `randomaddresses.py` you will see that the schema changes and adapts to the chosen country.
+
+In `predefinedschema.py`, a template has been specified in the prompt as well. It's been defined as JSON and then dumped into the prompt string to make it easier to work with.
+
+Both examples turn streaming off so that we end up with the completed JSON all at once. We need to convert the `response.text` to JSON so that when we output it as a string we can set the indent spacing to make the output easy to read.
+
+```python
+response = requests.post("http://localhost:11434/api/generate", json=data, stream=False)
+json_data = json.loads(response.text)
+
+print(json.dumps(json.loads(json_data["response"]), indent=2))
+```

examples/python-json-datagenerator/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Requests==2.31.0

examples/python-loganalysis/Modelfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FROM codebooga:latest
+
+SYSTEM """
+You are a log file analyzer. You will receive a set of lines from a log file for some software application, find the errors and other interesting aspects of the logs, and explain them so a new user can understand what they mean. If there are any steps they can do to resolve them, list the steps in your answer.
+"""
+
+PARAMETER TEMPERATURE 0.3
+

examples/python-loganalysis/loganalysis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import sys
+import re
+import requests
+import json
+
+# prelines and postlines represent the number of lines of context to include in the output around the error
+prelines = 10
+postlines = 10
+
+def find_errors_in_log_file():
+  if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+    print("Usage: python loganalysis.py <filename>")
+    return
+
+  log_file_path = sys.argv[1]
+  with open(log_file_path, 'r') as log_file:
+    log_lines = log_file.readlines()
+
+error_logs = []
+    for i, line in enumerate(log_lines):
+        if "error" in line.lower():
+            start_index = max(0, i - prelines)
+            end_index = min(len(log_lines), i + postlines + 1)
+            error_logs.extend(log_lines[start_index:end_index])
+
+  return error_logs
+
+error_logs = find_errors_in_log_file()
+
+data = {
+  "prompt": "\n".join(error_logs), 
+  "model": "mattw/loganalyzer"
+}
+
+
+response = requests.post("http://localhost:11434/api/generate", json=data, stream=True)
+for line in response.iter_lines():
+  if line:
+    json_data = json.loads(line)
+    if json_data['done'] == False:
+      print(json_data['response'], end='', flush=True)
+

examples/python-loganalysis/logtest.logfile

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Sourcing /docker-entrypoint.d/15-local-resolvers.envsh
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.25.3
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 12.2.0 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 6.4.16-linuxkit
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 29
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 36
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 37
+2023-11-10 07:17:40 2023/11/10 13:17:40 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 38
+2023-11-10 07:17:44 192.168.65.1 - - [10/Nov/2023:13:17:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 615 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"
+2023-11-10 07:17:44 2023/11/10 13:17:44 [error] 29#29: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.65.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:8080", referrer: "http://localhost:8080/"
+2023-11-10 07:17:44 192.168.65.1 - - [10/Nov/2023:13:17:44 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://localhost:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"
+2023-11-10 07:17:50 2023/11/10 13:17:50 [error] 29#29: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/ahstat" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.65.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /ahstat HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:8080"
+2023-11-10 07:17:50 192.168.65.1 - - [10/Nov/2023:13:17:50 +0000] "GET /ahstat HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"
+2023-11-10 07:18:53 2023/11/10 13:18:53 [error] 29#29: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/ahstat" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.65.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /ahstat HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost:8080"
+2023-11-10 07:18:53 192.168.65.1 - - [10/Nov/2023:13:18:53 +0000] "GET /ahstat HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36" "-"

examples/python-loganalysis/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Log Analysis example
+
+![loganalyzer 2023-11-10 08_53_29](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/assets/633681/ad30f1fc-321f-4953-8914-e30e24db9921)
+
+This example shows one possible way to create a log file analyzer. To use it, run:
+
+`python loganalysis.py <logfile>`
+
+You can try this with the `logtest.logfile` file included in this directory.
+
+## Review the code
+
+The first part of this example is a Modelfile that takes `codebooga` and applies a new System Prompt:
+
+```plaintext
+SYSTEM """
+You are a log file analyzer. You will receive a set of lines from a log file for some software application, find the errors and other interesting aspects of the logs, and explain them so a new user can understand what they mean. If there are any steps they can do to resolve them, list the steps in your answer.
+"""
+```
+
+This model is available at https://ollama.ai/mattw/loganalyzer. You can customize it and add to your own namespace using the command `ollama create <namespace/modelname> -f <path-to-modelfile>` then `ollama push <namespace/modelname>`.
+
+Then loganalysis.py scans all the lines in the given log file and searches for the word 'error'. When the word is found, the 10 lines before and after are set as the prompt for a call to the Generate API.
+
+```python
+data = {
+  "prompt": "\n".join(error_logs), 
+  "model": "mattw/loganalyzer"
+}
+```
+
+Finally, the streamed output is parsed and the response field in the output is printed to the line.
+
+```python
+response = requests.post("http://localhost:11434/api/generate", json=data, stream=True)
+for line in response.iter_lines():
+  if line:
+    json_data = json.loads(line)
+    if json_data['done'] == False:
+      print(json_data['response'], end='')
+
+```
+
+## Next Steps
+
+There is a lot more that can be done here. This is a simple way to detect errors, looking for the word error. Perhaps it would be interesting to find anomalous activity in the logs. It could be interesting to create embeddings for each line and compare them, looking for similar lines. Or look into applying Levenshtein Distance algorithms to find similar lines to help identify the anomalous lines.
+
+Also try different models and different prompts to analyze the data. You could consider adding retrieval augmented generation (RAG) to this to help understand newer log formats.

examples/python-loganalysis/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Requests==2.31.0

examples/python-simplegenerate/client.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def generate(prompt, context):
     for line in r.iter_lines():
         body = json.loads(line)
         response_part = body.get('response', '')
-        # the response streams one token at a time, print that as we recieve it
+        # the response streams one token at a time, print that as we receive it
         print(response_part, end='', flush=True)
 
         if 'error' in body:
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ def main():
         print()
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+    main()

examples/typescript-functioncalling/extractemail.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import { Ollama } from "ollama-node";
+import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
+
+// function to be called on events
+function reportEvents(name: string, date: string, location: string) {
+  const nameString = name ? `${name}` : `an event`;
+  const dateString = date ? ` on ${date}` : ``;
+  const locationString = location ? ` at ${location}` : ``;
+  console.log(`You have an event: ${nameString}${dateString}${locationString}`)
+}
+
+// function to be called on addresses
+function reportAddresses(address) {
+  for (const field in address) {
+    if (address[field]) {
+      if (field === "city") {
+        const city = address.city;
+        const state = address.state ? `, ${address.state}` : '';
+        const zip = address.zip ? ` ${address.zip}` : '';
+        console.log(`${city}${state}${zip}`);
+        break;
+      } else {
+        console.log(`${address[field]}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  console.log(``);
+}
+
+async function main() {
+
+  const ollama = new Ollama();
+
+  const systemprompt = `You will be given a text along with a prompt and a schema. You will have to extract the information requested in the prompt from the text and generate output in JSON observing the schema provided. If the schema shows a type of integer or number, you must only show a integer for that field. A string should always be a valid string. If a value is unknown, leave it empty. Output the JSON with extra spaces to ensure that it pretty prints.`
+
+  const schema = {
+    "eventsQuantity": {
+      "type": "integer",
+      "description": "The number of events in the source text"
+    },
+    "addressesQuantity": {
+      "type": "integer",
+      "description": "The number of addresses in the source text"
+    },
+    "events": [{
+      name: {
+        "type": "string",
+        description: "Name of the event"
+      },
+      "date": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Date of the event"
+      },
+      "location": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Location of the event"
+      },
+      "extraInfo": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Any extra information that is provided about the event."
+      }
+    }],
+    "people": [{
+      "name": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Name of the person"
+      },
+      "company": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Name of the company where they work"
+      },
+      "street": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Street address of the person or company. This is only the street name and the numerical address. Do not include city, state, or zip of the address in this field."
+      },
+      "city": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "City portion of the address of the person or company"
+      },
+      "state": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "State portion of the address of the person or company"
+      },
+      "zip": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Zip code of the person or company"
+      },
+      "extraInfo": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Any extra information that is provided about the location."
+      }
+    }]
+  }
+
+  const textcontent = await readFile("./info.txt", "utf-8").then((text) => text.split(" ").slice(0, 2000).join(" "));
+
+  const prompt = `The source text is a series of emails that have been put into a single file. They are separated by three dashes. Review the source text and determine the full address of the person sending each of the emails as well as any events that we need to track. If they provide a company address use that. If any extra info is provided, such as a description of the place, or a floor, add it to extraInfo. The first field in the address JSON is quantity of events and should be set to the number of events tracked and the second field should be set to the number of addresses tracked in the file. Don't stuff an event into the output that isn't an event. Only add data to the mostly appropriate field. Don't make up fields that aren't in the schema. If there isn't a value for a field, use null. Output should be in JSON.\n\nSchema: \n${JSON.stringify(schema, null, 2)}\n\nSource Text:\n${textcontent}`
+
+  await ollama.setModel("neural-chat");
+  ollama.setSystemPrompt(systemprompt);
+  ollama.setJSONFormat(true);
+  const data = await ollama.generate(prompt);
+  const output = JSON.parse(data.output);
+  const events = output.events;
+  const addresses = output.people;
+
+  console.log(`Here are your ${output.eventsQuantity} events:`);
+  for (const event of events) {
+    reportEvents(event.name, event.date, event.location);
+  }
+
+  console.log(`\n\nHere are your ${output.addressesQuantity} addresses:`);
+  for (const address of addresses) {
+    reportAddresses(address);
+  }
+}
+
+main();

examples/typescript-functioncalling/extractwp.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { Ollama } from "ollama-node";
+import { readFile } from "fs/promises";
+
+async function main() {
+
+  const ollama = new Ollama();
+
+  // Set the system prompt to prepare the model to receive a prompt and a schema and set some rules for the output.
+  const systemprompt = `You will be given a text along with a prompt and a schema. You will have to extract the information requested in the prompt from the text and generate output in JSON observing the schema provided. If the schema shows a type of integer or number, you must only show a integer for that field. A string should always be a valid string. If a value is unknown, leave it empty. Output the JSON with extra spaces to ensure that it pretty prints.`
+
+  const schema = {
+    "people": [{
+      "name": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Name of the person"
+      },
+      "title": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Title of the person"
+      }
+    }],
+  }
+
+  // Depending on the model chosen, you may be limited by the size of the context window, so limit the context to 2000 words.
+  const textcontent = await readFile("./wp.txt", "utf-8").then((text) => text.split(" ").slice(0, 2000).join(" "));
+
+  // Specific instructions for this task
+  const prompt = `Review the source text and determine the 10 most important people to focus on. Then extract the name and title for those people. Output should be in JSON.\n\nSchema: \n${JSON.stringify(schema, null, 2)}\n\nSource Text:\n${textcontent}`
+
+  await ollama.setModel("neural-chat");
+  ollama.setSystemPrompt(systemprompt);
+
+  // setJSONFormat is the equivalent of setting 'format: json' in the API
+  ollama.setJSONFormat(true);
+  await ollama.streamingGenerate(prompt, (word) => { process.stdout.write(word) })
+}
+
+main();

examples/typescript-functioncalling/info.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+Hi matt, 
+
+thanks for letting me know that you are going to come today, November 16, for my tea party. My address is 123 Falk St on Bainbridge Island. I live in the house with the red door. I will be home all day so just come by whenever you want.
+
+Fred
+
+---
+Great, send the check to our office at 1917 1st St, Seattle, WA 98101. I will let you know when we receive it.
+
+Mark Richardson
+Big Corp
+---
+We are looking forward to seeing you at our Local AI Meetup. It will be held on December 3. It will be at the offices of Enormous Co. Our address is 344 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101. We will be meeting in the conference room on the 3rd floor.
+
+Barbara Reilly
+Enormous Co.

examples/typescript-functioncalling/package-lock.json

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+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typescript": {
+      "version": "5.2.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.2.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mI4WrpHsbCIcwT9cF4FZvr80QUeKvsUsUvKDoR+X/7XHQH98xYD8YHZg7ANtz2GtZt/CBq2QJ0thkGJMHfqc1w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.17"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/undici-types": {
+      "version": "5.26.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici-types/-/undici-types-5.26.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JlCMO+ehdEIKqlFxk6IfVoAUVmgz7cU7zD/h9XZ0qzeosSHmUJVOzSQvvYSYWXkFXC+IfLKSIffhv0sVZup6pA=="
+    }
+  }
+}

examples/typescript-functioncalling/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ollama-node": "^0.1.27"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "tsx": "^4.1.2",
+    "typescript": "^5.2.2"
+  }
+}

examples/typescript-functioncalling/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Function calling
+
+![function calling 2023-11-16 16_12_58](https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama/assets/633681/a0acc247-9746-45ab-b325-b65dfbbee4fb)
+
+One of the features added to some models is 'function calling'. It's a bit of a confusing name. It's understandable if you think that means the model can call functions, but that's not what it means. Function calling simply means that the output of the model is formatted in JSON, using a preconfigured schema, and uses the expected types. Then your code can use the output of the model and call functions with it. Using the JSON format in Ollama, you can use any model for function calling. 
+
+The two examples provided can extract information out of the provided texts. The first example uses the first couple of chapters from War and Peace by Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, and extracts the names and titles of the characters introduced in the story. The second example uses a more complicated schema to pull out addresses and event information from a series of emails.
+
+## Running the examples
+
+1. Clone this repo and navigate to the `examples/typescript-functioncalling` directory.
+2. Install the dependencies with `npm install`.
+3. Review the `wp.txt` file.
+4. Run `tsx extractwp.ts`.
+5. Review the `info.txt` file.
+6. Run `tsx extractemail.ts`.
+
+## Review the Code
+
+Both examples do roughly the same thing with different source material. They both use the same system prompt, which tells the model to expect some instructions and a schema. Then we inject the schema into the prompt and generate an answer.
+
+The first example, `extractwp.ts`, outputs the resulting JSON to the console, listing the characters introduced at the start of War and Peace. The second example, `extractemail.ts`, is a bit more complicated, extracting two different types of information: addresses and events. It outputs the results to a JSON blob, then the addresses are handed off to one function called `reportAddresses` and the events are handed off to another function called `reportEvents`.
+
+Notice that both examples are using the model from Intel called `neural-chat`. This is not a model tuned for function calling, yet it performs very well at this task.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+Try exporting some of your real emails to the input file and seeing how well the model does. Try pointing the first example at other books. You could even have it cycle through all the sections and maybe add up the number of times any character is seen throughout the book, determining the most important characters. You can also try out different models.

examples/typescript-functioncalling/wp.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes. But I warn you, if you don't tell me that this means war, if you still try to defend the infamies and horrors perpetrated by that Antichrist - I really believe he is Antichrist - I will have nothing more to do with you and you are no longer my friend, no longer my 'faithful slave,' as you call yourself! But how do you do? I see I have frightened you - sit down and tell me all the news."
+
+It was in July, 1805, and the speaker was the well-known Anna Pavlovna Scherer, maid of honor and favorite of the Empress Marya Fedorovna. With these words she greeted Prince Vasili Kuragin, a man of high rank and importance, who was the first to arrive at her reception. Anna Pavlovna had had a cough for some days. She was, as she said, suffering from la grippe; grippe being then a new word in St. Petersburg, used only by the elite.
+
+All her invitations without exception, written in French, and delivered by a scarlet-liveried footman that morning, ran as follows:
+
+"If you have nothing better to do, Count (or Prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible, I shall be very charmed to see you tonight between 7 and 10 - Annette Scherer."
+
+"Heavens! what a virulent attack!" replied the prince, not in the least disconcerted by this reception. He had just entered, wearing an embroidered court uniform, knee breeches, and shoes, and had stars on his breast and a serene expression on his flat face. He spoke in that refined French in which our grandfathers not only spoke but thought, and with the gentle, patronizing intonation natural to a man of importance who had grown old in society and at court. He went up to Anna Pavlovna, kissed her hand, presenting to her his bald, scented, and shining head, and complacently seated himself on the sofa.
+
+"First of all, dear friend, tell me how you are. Set your friend's mind at rest," said he without altering his tone, beneath the politeness and affected sympathy of which indifference and even irony could be discerned.
+
+"Can one be well while suffering morally? Can one be calm in times like these if one has any feeling?" said Anna Pavlovna. "You are staying the whole evening, I hope?"
+
+"And the fete at the English ambassador's? Today is Wednesday. I must put in an appearance there," said the prince. "My daughter is coming for me to take me there."
+
+"I thought today's fete had been canceled. I confess all these festivities and fireworks are becoming wearisome."
+
+"If they had known that you wished it, the entertainment would have been put off," said the prince, who, like a wound-up clock, by force of habit said things he did not even wish to be believed.
+
+"Don't tease! Well, and what has been decided about Novosiltsev's dispatch? You know everything."
+
+"What can one say about it?" replied the prince in a cold, listless tone. "What has been decided? They have decided that Buonaparte has burnt his boats, and I believe that we are ready to burn ours."
+
+Prince Vasili always spoke languidly, like an actor repeating a stale part. Anna Pavlovna Scherer on the contrary, despite her forty years, overflowed with animation and impulsiveness. To be an enthusiast had become her social vocation and, sometimes even when she did not feel like it, she became enthusiastic in order not to disappoint the expectations of those who knew her. The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded features, always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she neither wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to correct.
+
+In the midst of a conversation on political matters Anna Pavlovna burst out:
+
+"Oh, don't speak to me of Austria. Perhaps I don't understand things, but Austria never has wished, and does not wish, for war. She is betraying us! Russia alone must save Europe. Our gracious sovereign recognizes his high vocation and will be true to it. That is the one thing I have faith in! Our good and wonderful sovereign has to perform the noblest role on earth, and he is so virtuous and noble that God will not forsake him. He will fulfill his vocation and crush the hydra of revolution, which has become more terrible than ever in the person of this murderer and villain! We alone must avenge the blood of the just one.... Whom, I ask you, can we rely on?... England with her commercial spirit will not and cannot understand the Emperor Alexander's loftiness of soul. She has refused to evacuate Malta. She wanted to find, and still seeks, some secret motive in our actions. What answer did Novosiltsev get? None. The English have not understood and cannot understand the self-abnegation of our Emperor who wants nothing for himself, but only desires the good of mankind. And what have they promised? Nothing! And what little they have promised they will not perform! Prussia has always declared that Buonaparte is invincible, and that all Europe is powerless before him.... And I don't believe a word that Hardenburg says, or Haugwitz either. This famous Prussian neutrality is just a trap. I have faith only in God and the lofty destiny of our adored monarch. He will save Europe!"
+
+She suddenly paused, smiling at her own impetuosity.
+
+"I think," said the prince with a smile, "that if you had been sent instead of our dear Wintzingerode you would have captured the King of Prussia's consent by assault. You are so eloquent. Will you give me a cup of tea?"
+
+"In a moment. A propos," she added, becoming calm again, "I am expecting two very interesting men tonight, le Vicomte de Mortemart, who is connected with the Montmorencys through the Rohans, one of the best French families. He is one of the genuine emigres, the good ones. And also the Abbe Morio. Do you know that profound thinker? He has been received by the Emperor. Had you heard?"
+
+"I shall be delighted to meet them," said the prince. "But tell me," he added with studied carelessness as if it had only just occurred to him, though the question he was about to ask was the chief motive of his visit, "is it true that the Dowager Empress wants Baron Funke to be appointed first secretary at Vienna? The baron by all accounts is a poor creature."
+
+Prince Vasili wished to obtain this post for his son, but others were trying through the Dowager Empress Marya Fedorovna to secure it for the baron.
+
+Anna Pavlovna almost closed her eyes to indicate that neither she nor anyone else had a right to criticize what the Empress desired or was pleased with.
+
+"Baron Funke has been recommended to the Dowager Empress by her sister," was all she said, in a dry and mournful tone.
+
+As she named the Empress, Anna Pavlovna's face suddenly assumed an expression of profound and sincere devotion and respect mingled with sadness, and this occurred every time she mentioned her illustrious patroness. She added that Her Majesty had deigned to show Baron Funke beaucoup d'estime, and again her face clouded over with sadness.
+
+The prince was silent and looked indifferent. But, with the womanly and courtierlike quickness and tact habitual to her, Anna Pavlovna wished both to rebuke him (for daring to speak as he had done of a man recommended to the Empress) and at the same time to console him, so she said:
+
+"Now about your family. Do you know that since your daughter came out everyone has been enraptured by her? They say she is amazingly beautiful."
+
+The prince bowed to signify his respect and gratitude.
+
+"I often think," she continued after a short pause, drawing nearer to the prince and smiling amiably at him as if to show that political and social topics were ended and the time had come for intimate conversation - "I often think how unfairly sometimes the joys of life are distributed. Why has fate given you two such splendid children? I don't speak of Anatole, your youngest. I don't like him," she added in a tone admitting of no rejoinder and raising her eyebrows. "Two such charming children. And really you appreciate them less than anyone, and so you don't deserve to have them."
+
+And she smiled her ecstatic smile.
+
+"I can't help it," said the prince. "Lavater would have said I lack the bump of paternity."
+
+"Don't joke; I mean to have a serious talk with you. Do you know I am dissatisfied with your younger son? Between ourselves" (and her face assumed its melancholy expression), "he was mentioned at Her Majesty's and you were pitied...."
+
+The prince answered nothing, but she looked at him significantly, awaiting a reply. He frowned.
+
+"What would you have me do?" he said at last. "You know I did all a father could for their education, and they have both turned out fools. Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool, but Anatole is an active one. That is the only difference between them." He said this smiling in a way more natural and animated than usual, so that the wrinkles round his mouth very clearly revealed something unexpectedly coarse and unpleasant.
+
+"And why are children born to such men as you? If you were not a father there would be nothing I could reproach you with," said Anna Pavlovna, looking up pensively.
+
+"I am your faithful slave and to you alone I can confess that my children are the bane of my life. It is the cross I have to bear. That is how I explain it to myself. It can't be helped!"
+
+He said no more, but expressed his resignation to cruel fate by a gesture. Anna Pavlovna meditated.
+
+"Have you never thought of marrying your prodigal son Anatole?" she asked. "They say old maids have a mania for matchmaking, and though I don't feel that weakness in myself as yet, I know a little person who is very unhappy with her father. She is a relation of yours, Princess Mary Bolkonskaya."
+
+Prince Vasili did not reply, though, with the quickness of memory and perception befitting a man of the world, he indicated by a movement of the head that he was considering this information.
+
+"Do you know," he said at last, evidently unable to check the sad current of his thoughts, "that Anatole is costing me forty thousand rubles a year? And," he went on after a pause, "what will it be in five years, if he goes on like this?" Presently he added: "That's what we fathers have to put up with.... Is this princess of yours rich?"
+
+"Her father is very rich and stingy. He lives in the country. He is the well-known Prince Bolkonski who had to retire from the army under the late Emperor, and was nicknamed 'the King of Prussia.' He is very clever but eccentric, and a bore. The poor girl is very unhappy. She has a brother; I think you know him, he married Lise Meinen lately. He is an aide-de-camp of Kutuzov's and will be here tonight."
+
+"Listen, dear Annette," said the prince, suddenly taking Anna Pavlovna's hand and for some reason drawing it downwards. "Arrange that affair for me and I shall always be your most devoted slave-slafe with an f, as a village elder of mine writes in his reports. She is rich and of good family and that's all I want."
+
+And with the familiarity and easy grace peculiar to him, he raised the maid of honor's hand to his lips, kissed it, and swung it to and fro as he lay back in his armchair, looking in another direction.
+
+"Attendez," said Anna Pavlovna, reflecting, "I'll speak to Lise, young Bolkonski's wife, this very evening, and perhaps the thing can be arranged. It shall be on your family's behalf that I'll start my apprenticeship as old maid."
+
+Anna Pavlovna's drawing room was gradually filling. The highest Petersburg society was assembled there: people differing widely in age and character but alike in the social circle to which they belonged. Prince Vasili's daughter, the beautiful Helene, came to take her father to the ambassador's entertainment; she wore a ball dress and her badge as maid of honor. The youthful little Princess Bolkonskaya, known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg, * was also there. She had been married during the previous winter, and being pregnant did not go to any large gatherings, but only to small receptions. Prince Vasili's son, Hippolyte, had come with Mortemart, whom he introduced. The Abbe Morio and many others had also come.
+
+* The most fascinating woman in Petersburg.
+
+To each new arrival Anna Pavlovna said, "You have not yet seen my aunt," or "You do not know my aunt?" and very gravely conducted him or her to a little old lady, wearing large bows of ribbon in her cap, who had come sailing in from another room as soon as the guests began to arrive; and slowly turning her eyes from the visitor to her aunt, Anna Pavlovna mentioned each one's name and then left them.
+
+Each visitor performed the ceremony of greeting this old aunt whom not one of them knew, not one of them wanted to know, and not one of them cared about; Anna Pavlovna observed these greetings with mournful and solemn interest and silent approval. The aunt spoke to each of them in the same words, about their health and her own, and the health of Her Majesty, "who, thank God, was better today." And each visitor, though politeness prevented his showing impatience, left the old woman with a sense of relief at having performed a vexatious duty and did not return to her the whole evening.
+
+The young Princess Bolkonskaya had brought some work in a gold-embroidered velvet bag. Her pretty little upper lip, on which a delicate dark down was just perceptible, was too short for her teeth, but it lifted all the more sweetly, and was especially charming when she occasionally drew it down to meet the lower lip. As is always the case with a thoroughly attractive woman, her defect - the shortness of her upper lip and her half-open mouth - seemed to be her own special and peculiar form of beauty. Everyone brightened at the sight of this pretty young woman, so soon to become a mother, so full of life and health, and carrying her burden so lightly. Old men and dull dispirited young ones who looked at her, after being in her company and talking to her a little while, felt as if they too were becoming, like her, full of life and health. All who talked to her, and at each word saw her bright smile and the constant gleam of her white teeth, thought that they were in a specially amiable mood that day.
+
+The little princess went round the table with quick, short, swaying steps, her workbag on her arm, and gaily spreading out her dress sat down on a sofa near the silver samovar, as if all she was doing was a pleasure to herself and to all around her. "I have brought my work," said she in French, displaying her bag and addressing all present. "Mind, Annette, I hope you have not played a wicked trick on me," she added, turning to her hostess. "You wrote that it was to be quite a small reception, and just see how badly I am dressed." And she spread out her arms to show her short-waisted, lace-trimmed, dainty gray dress, girdled with a broad ribbon just below the breast.
+
+"Soyez tranquille, Lise, you will always be prettier than anyone else," replied Anna Pavlovna.
+
+"You know," said the princess in the same tone of voice and still in French, turning to a general, "my husband is deserting me? He is going to get himself killed. Tell me what this wretched war is for?" she added, addressing Prince Vasili, and without waiting for an answer she turned to speak to his daughter, the beautiful Helene.
+
+"What a delightful woman this little princess is!" said Prince Vasili to Anna Pavlovna.
+
+One of the next arrivals was a stout, heavily built young man with close-cropped hair, spectacles, the light-colored breeches fashionable at that time, a very high ruffle, and a brown dress coat. This stout young man was an illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov, a well-known grandee of Catherine's time who now lay dying in Moscow. The young man had not yet entered either the military or civil service, as he had only just returned from abroad where he had been educated, and this was his first appearance in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with the nod she accorded to the lowest hierarchy in her drawing room. But in spite of this lowest-grade greeting, a look of anxiety and fear, as at the sight of something too large and unsuited to the place, came over her face when she saw Pierre enter. Though he was certainly rather bigger than the other men in the room, her anxiety could only have reference to the clever though shy, but observant and natural, expression which distinguished him from everyone else in that drawing room.
+
+"It is very good of you, Monsieur Pierre, to come and visit a poor invalid," said Anna Pavlovna, exchanging an alarmed glance with her aunt as she conducted him to her.
+
+Pierre murmured something unintelligible, and continued to look round as if in search of something. On his way to the aunt he bowed to the little princess with a pleased smile, as to an intimate acquaintance.
+
+Anna Pavlovna's alarm was justified, for Pierre turned away from the aunt without waiting to hear her speech about Her Majesty's health. Anna Pavlovna in dismay detained him with the words: "Do you know the Abbe Morio? He is a most interesting man."
+
+"Yes, I have heard of his scheme for perpetual peace, and it is very interesting but hardly feasible."
+
+"You think so?" rejoined Anna Pavlovna in order to say something and get away to attend to her duties as hostess. But Pierre now committed a reverse act of impoliteness. First he had left a lady before she had finished speaking to him, and now he continued to speak to another who wished to get away. With his head bent, and his big feet spread apart, he began explaining his reasons for thinking the abbe's plan chimerical.
+
+"We will talk of it later," said Anna Pavlovna with a smile.
+
+And having got rid of this young man who did not know how to behave, she resumed her duties as hostess and continued to listen and watch, ready to help at any point where the conversation might happen to flag. As the foreman of a spinning mill, when he has set the hands to work, goes round and notices here a spindle that has stopped or there one that creaks or makes more noise than it should, and hastens to check the machine or set it in proper motion, so Anna Pavlovna moved about her drawing room, approaching now a silent, now a too-noisy group, and by a word or slight rearrangement kept the conversational machine in steady, proper, and regular motion. But amid these cares her anxiety about Pierre was evident. She kept an anxious watch on him when he approached the group round Mortemart to listen to what was being said there, and again when he passed to another group whose center was the abbe.
+
+Pierre had been educated abroad, and this reception at Anna Pavlovna's was the first he had attended in Russia. He knew that all the intellectual lights of Petersburg were gathered there and, like a child in a toyshop, did not know which way to look, afraid of missing any clever conversation that was to be heard. Seeing the self-confident and refined expression on the faces of those present he was always expecting to hear something very profound. At last he came up to Morio. Here the conversation seemed interesting and he stood waiting for an opportunity to express his own views, as young people are fond of doing.
+
+CHAPTER III
+Anna Pavlovna's reception was in full swing. The spindles hummed steadily and ceaselessly on all sides. With the exception of the aunt, beside whom sat only one elderly lady, who with her thin careworn face was rather out of place in this brilliant society, the whole company had settled into three groups. One, chiefly masculine, had formed round the abbe. Another, of young people, was grouped round the beautiful Princess Helene, Prince Vasili's daughter, and the little Princess Bolkonskaya, very pretty and rosy, though rather too plump for her age. The third group was gathered round Mortemart and Anna Pavlovna.
+
+The vicomte was a nice-looking young man with soft features and polished manners, who evidently considered himself a celebrity but out of politeness modestly placed himself at the disposal of the circle in which he found himself. Anna Pavlovna was obviously serving him up as a treat to her guests. As a clever maitre d'hotel serves up as a specially choice delicacy a piece of meat that no one who had seen it in the kitchen would have cared to eat, so Anna Pavlovna served up to her guests, first the vicomte and then the abbe, as peculiarly choice morsels. The group about Mortemart immediately began discussing the murder of the Duc d'Enghien. The vicomte said that the Duc d'Enghien had perished by his own magnanimity, and that there were particular reasons for Buonaparte's hatred of him.
+
+"Ah, yes! Do tell us all about it, Vicomte," said Anna Pavlovna, with a pleasant feeling that there was something A la Louis XV in the sound of that sentence: "Contez nous cela, Vicomte."
+
+The vicomte bowed and smiled courteously in token of his willingness to comply. Anna Pavlovna arranged a group round him, inviting everyone to listen to his tale.
+
+"The vicomte knew the duc personally," whispered Anna Pavlovna to one of the guests. "The vicomte is a wonderful raconteur," said she to another. "How evidently he belongs to the best society," said she to a third; and the vicomte was served up to the company in the choicest and most advantageous style, like a well-garnished joint of roast beef on a hot dish.
+
+The vicomte wished to begin his story and gave a subtle smile.
+
+"Come over here, Helene, dear," said Anna Pavlovna to the beautiful young princess who was sitting some way off, the center of another group.
+
+The princess smiled. She rose with the same unchanging smile with which she had first entered the room - the smile of a perfectly beautiful woman. With a slight rustle of her white dress trimmed with moss and ivy, with a gleam of white shoulders, glossy hair, and sparkling diamonds, she passed between the men who made way for her, not looking at any of them but smiling on all, as if graciously allowing each the privilege of admiring her beautiful figure and shapely shoulders, back, and bosom - which in the fashion of those days were very much exposed - and she seemed to bring the glamour of a ballroom with her as she moved toward Anna Pavlovna. Helene was so lovely that not only did she not show any trace of coquetry, but on the contrary she even appeared shy of her unquestionable and all too victorious beauty. She seemed to wish, but to be unable, to diminish its effect.
+
+"How lovely!" said everyone who saw her; and the vicomte lifted his shoulders and dropped his eyes as if startled by something extraordinary when she took her seat opposite and beamed upon him also with her unchanging smile.
+
+"Madame, I doubt my ability before such an audience," said he, smilingly inclining his head.
+
+The princess rested her bare round arm on a little table and considered a reply unnecessary. She smilingly waited. All the time the story was being told she sat upright, glancing now at her beautiful round arm, altered in shape by its pressure on the table, now at her still more beautiful bosom, on which she readjusted a diamond necklace. From time to time she smoothed the folds of her dress, and whenever the story produced an effect she glanced at Anna Pavlovna, at once adopted just the expression she saw on the maid of honor's face, and again relapsed into her radiant smile.
+
+The little princess had also left the tea table and followed Helene.
+
+"Wait a moment, I'll get my work.... Now then, what are you thinking of?" she went on, turning to Prince Hippolyte. "Fetch me my workbag."
+
+There was a general movement as the princess, smiling and talking merrily to everyone at once, sat down and gaily arranged herself in her seat.
+
+"Now I am all right," she said, and asking the vicomte to begin, she took up her work.
+
+Prince Hippolyte, having brought the workbag, joined the circle and moving a chair close to hers seated himself beside her.
+
+Le charmant Hippolyte was surprising by his extraordinary resemblance to his beautiful sister, but yet more by the fact that in spite of this resemblance he was exceedingly ugly. His features were like his sister's, but while in her case everything was lit up by a joyous, self-satisfied, youthful, and constant smile of animation, and by the wonderful classic beauty of her figure, his face on the contrary was dulled by imbecility and a constant expression of sullen self-confidence, while his body was thin and weak. His eyes, nose, and mouth all seemed puckered into a vacant, wearied grimace, and his arms and legs always fell into unnatural positions.
+
+"It's not going to be a ghost story?" said he, sitting down beside the princess and hastily adjusting his lorgnette, as if without this instrument he could not begin to speak.
+
+"Why no, my dear fellow," said the astonished narrator, shrugging his shoulders.
+
+"Because I hate ghost stories," said Prince Hippolyte in a tone which showed that he only understood the meaning of his words after he had uttered them.
+
+He spoke with such self-confidence that his hearers could not be sure whether what he said was very witty or very stupid. He was dressed in a dark-green dress coat, knee breeches of the color of cuisse de nymphe effrayee, as he called it, shoes, and silk stockings.
+
+The vicomte told his tale very neatly. It was an anecdote, then current, to the effect that the Duc d'Enghien had gone secretly to Paris to visit Mademoiselle George; that at her house he came upon Bonaparte, who also enjoyed the famous actress' favors, and that in his presence Napoleon happened to fall into one of the fainting fits to which he was subject, and was thus at the duc's mercy. The latter spared him, and this magnanimity Bonaparte subsequently repaid by death.
+
+The story was very pretty and interesting, especially at the point where the rivals suddenly recognized one another; and the ladies looked agitated.
+
+"Charming!" said Anna Pavlovna with an inquiring glance at the little princess.
+
+"Charming!" whispered the little princess, sticking the needle into her work as if to testify that the interest and fascination of the story prevented her from going on with it.
+
+The vicomte appreciated this silent praise and smiling gratefully prepared to continue, but just then Anna Pavlovna, who had kept a watchful eye on the young man who so alarmed her, noticed that he was talking too loudly and vehemently with the abbe, so she hurried to the rescue. Pierre had managed to start a conversation with the abbe about the balance of power, and the latter, evidently interested by the young man's simple-minded eagerness, was explaining his pet theory. Both were talking and listening too eagerly and too naturally, which was why Anna Pavlovna disapproved.
+
+"The means are ... the balance of power in Europe and the rights of the people," the abbe was saying. "It is only necessary for one powerful nation like Russia - barbaric as she is said to be - to place herself disinterestedly at the head of an alliance having for its object the maintenance of the balance of power of Europe, and it would save the world!"
+
+"But how are you to get that balance?" Pierre was beginning.
+
+At that moment Anna Pavlovna came up and, looking severely at Pierre, asked the Italian how he stood Russian climate. The Italian's face instantly changed and assumed an offensively affected, sugary expression, evidently habitual to him when conversing with women.
+
+"I am so enchanted by the brilliancy of the wit and culture of the society, more especially of the feminine society, in which I have had the honor of being received, that I have not yet had time to think of the climate," said he.
+
+Not letting the abbe and Pierre escape, Anna Pavlovna, the more conveniently to keep them under observation, brought them into the larger circle.
+

format/bytes.go

@@ -1,23 +1,47 @@
 package format
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
 
 const (
 	Byte     = 1
 	KiloByte = Byte * 1000
 	MegaByte = KiloByte * 1000
 	GigaByte = MegaByte * 1000
+	TeraByte = GigaByte * 1000
 )
 
 func HumanBytes(b int64) string {
+	var value float64
+	var unit string
+
 	switch {
-	case b > GigaByte:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d GB", b/GigaByte)
-	case b > MegaByte:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d MB", b/MegaByte)
-	case b > KiloByte:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d KB", b/KiloByte)
+	case b >= TeraByte:
+		value = float64(b) / TeraByte
+		unit = "TB"
+	case b >= GigaByte:
+		value = float64(b) / GigaByte
+		unit = "GB"
+	case b >= MegaByte:
+		value = float64(b) / MegaByte
+		unit = "MB"
+	case b >= KiloByte:
+		value = float64(b) / KiloByte
+		unit = "KB"
 	default:
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)
 	}
+
+	switch {
+	case value >= 100:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	case value >= 10:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	case value != math.Trunc(value):
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %s", value, unit)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(value), unit)
+	}
 }

format/format.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package format
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+const (
+	Thousand = 1000
+	Million  = Thousand * 1000
+	Billion  = Million * 1000
+)
+
+func HumanNumber(b uint64) string {
+	switch {
+	case b > Billion:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fB", math.Round(float64(b)/Billion))
+	case b > Million:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fM", math.Round(float64(b)/Million))
+	case b > Thousand:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0fK", math.Round(float64(b)/Thousand))
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", b)
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ module github.com/jmorganca/ollama
 go 1.20
 
 require (
-	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.14
@@ -11,7 +10,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.7.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0
-	gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0
 )
 
 require github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ3
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
-github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
 github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1 h1:FXtiHYKDGKCW2KzwZKx0iC0PQmdlorYgdFG9jPXJ1Bc=
 github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1/go.mod h1:8tpGGwCnJ5H4r6BWwaV6OrWmMoPhUl5jm/FMNAnJvWQ=
 github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2 h1:w5qFW6JKBz9Y393Y4q372O9A7cUSequkh1Q7OhCmWKU=
@@ -140,8 +138,6 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.13.0 h1:ablQoSUd0tRdKxZewP80B+BaqeKJuVhuRxj/dkrun3k=
 golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0 h1:2NiG67LD1tEH0D7kM+ps2V+fXmsAnpUeec7n8tcr4S0=
-gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0/go.mod h1:AoWeoz0becf9QMWtE8iWXNXc27fK4fNeHNf/oMejGfU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0 h1:kPPoIgf3TsEvrm0PFe15JQ+570QVxYzEvvHqChK+cng=

llm/gguf.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/format"
 )
 
 type containerGGUF struct {
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ type containerGGUF struct {
 		NumTensor uint64
 		NumKV     uint64
 	}
+
+	parameters uint64
 }
 
 func (c *containerGGUF) Name() string {
@@ -75,6 +79,14 @@ func newGGUFModel(container *containerGGUF) *ggufModel {
 	}
 }
 
+func (llm *ggufModel) NumTensor() uint64 {
+	if llm.Version == 1 {
+		return uint64(llm.V1.NumTensor)
+	}
+
+	return llm.V2.NumTensor
+}
+
 func (llm *ggufModel) NumKV() uint64 {
 	if llm.Version == 1 {
 		return uint64(llm.V1.NumKV)
@@ -93,6 +105,10 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) ModelFamily() string {
 }
 
 func (llm *ggufModel) ModelType() string {
+	if llm.parameters > 0 {
+		return format.HumanNumber(llm.parameters)
+	}
+
 	switch llm.ModelFamily() {
 	case "llama":
 		if blocks, ok := llm.kv["llama.block_count"].(uint32); ok {
@@ -127,13 +143,9 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) FileType() string {
 }
 
 func (llm *ggufModel) Decode(r io.Reader) error {
-	read := llm.readString
-	if llm.Version == 1 {
-		read = llm.readStringV1
-	}
-
+	// decode key-values
 	for i := 0; uint64(i) < llm.NumKV(); i++ {
-		k, err := read(r)
+		k, err := llm.readString(r)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -165,24 +177,14 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) Decode(r io.Reader) error {
 		case ggufTypeBool:
 			v = llm.readBool(r)
 		case ggufTypeString:
-			fn := llm.readString
-			if llm.Version == 1 {
-				fn = llm.readStringV1
-			}
-
-			s, err := fn(r)
+			s, err := llm.readString(r)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
 			v = s
 		case ggufTypeArray:
-			fn := llm.readArray
-			if llm.Version == 1 {
-				fn = llm.readArrayV1
-			}
-
-			a, err := fn(r)
+			a, err := llm.readArray(r)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -195,6 +197,25 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) Decode(r io.Reader) error {
 		llm.kv[k] = v
 	}
 
+	// decode tensors
+	for i := 0; uint64(i) < llm.NumTensor(); i++ {
+		if _, err := llm.readString(r); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		dimensions := llm.readU32(r)
+
+		var elements uint64 = 1
+		for i := 0; uint32(i) < dimensions; i++ {
+			elements *= llm.readU64(r)
+		}
+
+		llm.readU32(r) // type
+		llm.readU64(r) // offset
+
+		llm.parameters += elements
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -290,6 +311,10 @@ func (llm ggufModel) readStringV1(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 }
 
 func (llm ggufModel) readString(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
+	if llm.Version == 1 {
+		return llm.readStringV1(r)
+	}
+
 	var nameLength uint64
 	binary.Read(r, llm.bo, &nameLength)
 
@@ -310,7 +335,7 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) readArrayV1(r io.Reader) (arr []any, err error) {
 		case ggufTypeUint8:
 			arr = append(arr, llm.readU8(r))
 		case ggufTypeInt8:
-			arr = append(arr, llm.readU8(r))
+			arr = append(arr, llm.readI8(r))
 		case ggufTypeUint16:
 			arr = append(arr, llm.readU16(r))
 		case ggufTypeInt16:
@@ -339,6 +364,10 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) readArrayV1(r io.Reader) (arr []any, err error) {
 }
 
 func (llm *ggufModel) readArray(r io.Reader) (arr []any, err error) {
+	if llm.Version == 1 {
+		return llm.readArrayV1(r)
+	}
+
 	atype := llm.readU32(r)
 	n := llm.readU64(r)
 
@@ -347,7 +376,7 @@ func (llm *ggufModel) readArray(r io.Reader) (arr []any, err error) {
 		case ggufTypeUint8:
 			arr = append(arr, llm.readU8(r))
 		case ggufTypeInt8:
-			arr = append(arr, llm.readU8(r))
+			arr = append(arr, llm.readI8(r))
 		case ggufTypeUint16:
 			arr = append(arr, llm.readU16(r))
 		case ggufTypeInt16:

llm/llama.cpp/generate_darwin_amd64.go

@@ -7,13 +7,12 @@ package llm
 //go:generate git -C ggml apply ../patches/0002-34B-model-support.patch
 //go:generate git -C ggml apply ../patches/0003-metal-fix-synchronization-in-new-matrix-multiplicati.patch
 //go:generate git -C ggml apply ../patches/0004-metal-add-missing-barriers-for-mul-mat-2699.patch
-//go:generate cmake -S ggml -B ggml/build/cpu -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
+//go:generate cmake -S ggml -B ggml/build/cpu -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Darwin -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
 //go:generate cmake --build ggml/build/cpu --target server --config Release
 //go:generate mv ggml/build/cpu/bin/server ggml/build/cpu/bin/ollama-runner
 
 //go:generate git submodule update --force gguf
 //go:generate git -C gguf apply ../patches/0001-update-default-log-target.patch
-//go:generate git -C gguf apply ../patches/0001-metal-handle-ggml_scale-for-n-4-0-close-3754.patch
-//go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cpu -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
+//go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cpu -DLLAMA_METAL=off -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Darwin -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=x86_64 -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0 -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=on -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=on
 //go:generate cmake --build gguf/build/cpu --target server --config Release
 //go:generate mv gguf/build/cpu/bin/server gguf/build/cpu/bin/ollama-runner

llm/llama.cpp/generate_darwin_arm64.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ package llm
 
 //go:generate git submodule update --force gguf
 //go:generate git -C gguf apply ../patches/0001-update-default-log-target.patch
-//go:generate git -C gguf apply ../patches/0001-metal-handle-ggml_scale-for-n-4-0-close-3754.patch
 //go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/metal -DLLAMA_METAL=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=arm64 -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64 -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0
 //go:generate cmake --build gguf/build/metal --target server --config Release
 //go:generate mv gguf/build/metal/bin/server gguf/build/metal/bin/ollama-runner

llm/llama.cpp/generate_linux.go

@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ package llm
 //go:generate cmake -S ggml -B ggml/build/cuda -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on
 //go:generate cmake --build ggml/build/cuda --target server --config Release
 //go:generate mv ggml/build/cuda/bin/server ggml/build/cuda/bin/ollama-runner
-//go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cuda -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=on -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off
+//go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cuda -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=on -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off -DLLAMA_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE=0
 //go:generate cmake --build gguf/build/cuda --target server --config Release
 //go:generate mv gguf/build/cuda/bin/server gguf/build/cuda/bin/ollama-runner

llm/llama.cpp/generate_windows.go

@@ -14,3 +14,11 @@ package llm
 //go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cpu -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=on -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off
 //go:generate cmake --build gguf/build/cpu --target server --config Release
 //go:generate cmd /c move gguf\build\cpu\bin\Release\server.exe gguf\build\cpu\bin\Release\ollama-runner.exe
+
+//go:generate cmake -S ggml -B ggml/build/cuda -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on
+//go:generate cmake --build ggml/build/cuda --target server --config Release
+//go:generate cmd /c move ggml\build\cuda\bin\Release\server.exe ggml\build\cuda\bin\Release\ollama-runner.exe
+
+//go:generate cmake -S gguf -B gguf/build/cuda -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=on -DLLAMA_ACCELERATE=on -DLLAMA_K_QUANTS=on -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=on -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off
+//go:generate cmake --build gguf/build/cuda --target server --config Release
+//go:generate cmd /c move gguf\build\cuda\bin\Release\server.exe gguf\build\cuda\bin\Release\ollama-runner.exe

llm/llama.cpp/patches/0001-metal-handle-ggml_scale-for-n-4-0-close-3754.patch

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-From 469c9addef75893e6be12edda852d12e840bf064 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
-From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
-Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 09:46:50 +0300
-Subject: [PATCH 1/2] metal : handle ggml_scale for n%4 != 0 (close #3754)
-
-ggml-ci
----
- ggml-metal.m     | 18 +++++++++++++-----
- ggml-metal.metal | 10 +++++++++-
- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
-
-diff --git a/ggml-metal.m b/ggml-metal.m
-index c908106..c1901dc 100644
---- a/ggml-metal.m
-+++ b/ggml-metal.m
-@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(mul);
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(mul_row); // TODO: avoid this extra kernel, instead extend the "mul" kernel to support broadcast
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(scale);
-+    GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(scale_4);
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(silu);
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(relu);
-     GGML_METAL_DECL_KERNEL(gelu);
-@@ -249,6 +250,7 @@ static void ggml_metal_log(enum ggml_log_level level, const char* format, ...){
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(mul);
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(mul_row);
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(scale);
-+        GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(scale_4);
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(silu);
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(relu);
-         GGML_METAL_ADD_KERNEL(gelu);
-@@ -347,6 +349,7 @@ void ggml_metal_free(struct ggml_metal_context * ctx) {
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(mul);
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(mul_row);
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(scale);
-+    GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(scale_4);
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(silu);
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(relu);
-     GGML_METAL_DEL_KERNEL(gelu);
-@@ -923,15 +926,20 @@ void ggml_metal_graph_compute(
- 
-                             const float scale = *(const float *) src1->data;
- 
--                            [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->pipeline_scale];
-+                            int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
-+
-+                            if (n % 4 == 0) {
-+                                n /= 4;
-+                                [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->pipeline_scale_4];
-+                            } else {
-+                                [encoder setComputePipelineState:ctx->pipeline_scale];
-+                            }
-+
-                             [encoder setBuffer:id_src0 offset:offs_src0 atIndex:0];
-                             [encoder setBuffer:id_dst  offset:offs_dst  atIndex:1];
-                             [encoder setBytes:&scale length:sizeof(scale) atIndex:2];
- 
--                            const int64_t n = ggml_nelements(dst);
--                            GGML_ASSERT(n % 4 == 0);
--
--                            [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n/4, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-+                            [encoder dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(n, 1, 1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(1, 1, 1)];
-                         } break;
-                     case GGML_OP_UNARY:
-                         switch (ggml_get_unary_op(gf->nodes[i])) {
-diff --git a/ggml-metal.metal b/ggml-metal.metal
-index 69fc713..f4b4605 100644
---- a/ggml-metal.metal
-+++ b/ggml-metal.metal
-@@ -125,9 +125,17 @@ kernel void kernel_mul_row(
- }
- 
- kernel void kernel_scale(
-+        device const float * src0,
-+        device       float * dst,
-+        constant     float & scale,
-+        uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-+    dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * scale;
-+}
-+
-+kernel void kernel_scale_4(
-         device const float4 * src0,
-         device       float4 * dst,
--        constant     float & scale,
-+        constant     float  & scale,
-         uint tpig[[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
-     dst[tpig] = src0[tpig] * scale;
- }
--- 
-2.39.3 (Apple Git-145)
-

llm/llama.go

@@ -27,6 +27,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/format"
 )
 
+const jsonGrammar = `
+root   ::= object
+value  ::= object | array | string | number | ("true" | "false" | "null") ws
+
+object ::=
+  "{" ws (
+            string ":" ws value
+    ("," ws string ":" ws value)*
+  )? "}" ws
+
+array  ::=
+  "[" ws (
+            value
+    ("," ws value)*
+  )? "]" ws
+
+string ::=
+  "\"" (
+    [^"\\] |
+    "\\" (["\\/bfnrt] | "u" [0-9a-fA-F] [0-9a-fA-F] [0-9a-fA-F] [0-9a-fA-F]) # escapes
+  )* "\"" ws
+
+number ::= ("-"? ([0-9] | [1-9] [0-9]*)) ("." [0-9]+)? ([eE] [-+]? [0-9]+)? ws
+
+# Optional space: by convention, applied in this grammar after literal chars when allowed
+ws ::= ([ \t\n] ws)?
+`
+
 //go:embed llama.cpp/*/build/*/bin/*
 var llamaCppEmbed embed.FS
 
@@ -43,9 +71,10 @@ func chooseRunners(workDir, runnerType string) []ModelRunner {
 	// IMPORTANT: the order of the runners in the array is the priority order
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "darwin":
-		runners = []ModelRunner{
-			{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "metal", "bin", "ollama-runner")},
-			{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "cpu", "bin", "ollama-runner")},
+		if runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
+			runners = []ModelRunner{{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "metal", "bin", "ollama-runner")}}
+		} else {
+			runners = []ModelRunner{{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "cpu", "bin", "ollama-runner")}}
 		}
 	case "linux":
 		runners = []ModelRunner{
@@ -55,6 +84,7 @@ func chooseRunners(workDir, runnerType string) []ModelRunner {
 	case "windows":
 		// TODO: select windows GPU runner here when available
 		runners = []ModelRunner{
+			{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "cuda", "bin", "Release", "ollama-runner.exe"), Accelerated: true},
 			{Path: path.Join(buildPath, "cpu", "bin", "Release", "ollama-runner.exe")},
 		}
 	default:
@@ -196,7 +226,10 @@ type llama struct {
 	Running
 }
 
-var errNoGPU = errors.New("nvidia-smi command failed")
+var (
+	errNvidiaSMI     = errors.New("warning: gpu support may not be enabled, check that you have installed GPU drivers: nvidia-smi command failed")
+	errAvailableVRAM = errors.New("not enough VRAM available, falling back to CPU only")
+)
 
 // CheckVRAM returns the free VRAM in bytes on Linux machines with NVIDIA GPUs
 func CheckVRAM() (int64, error) {
@@ -205,7 +238,7 @@ func CheckVRAM() (int64, error) {
 	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
 	err := cmd.Run()
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, errNoGPU
+		return 0, errNvidiaSMI
 	}
 
 	var freeMiB int64
@@ -226,8 +259,8 @@ func CheckVRAM() (int64, error) {
 
 	freeBytes := freeMiB * 1024 * 1024
 	if freeBytes < 2*format.GigaByte {
-		log.Printf("less than 2 GB VRAM available, falling back to CPU only")
-		freeMiB = 0
+		log.Printf("less than 2 GB VRAM available")
+		return 0, errAvailableVRAM
 	}
 
 	return freeBytes, nil
@@ -237,10 +270,10 @@ func NumGPU(numLayer, fileSizeBytes int64, opts api.Options) int {
 	if opts.NumGPU != -1 {
 		return opts.NumGPU
 	}
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		freeBytes, err := CheckVRAM()
 		if err != nil {
-			if err.Error() != "nvidia-smi command failed" {
+			if !errors.Is(err, errNvidiaSMI) {
 				log.Print(err.Error())
 			}
 			// nvidia driver not installed or no nvidia GPU found
@@ -306,13 +339,23 @@ func newLlama(model string, adapters []string, runners []ModelRunner, numLayers
 	params := []string{
 		"--model", model,
 		"--ctx-size", fmt.Sprintf("%d", opts.NumCtx),
-		"--rope-freq-base", fmt.Sprintf("%f", opts.RopeFrequencyBase),
-		"--rope-freq-scale", fmt.Sprintf("%f", opts.RopeFrequencyScale),
 		"--batch-size", fmt.Sprintf("%d", opts.NumBatch),
 		"--n-gpu-layers", fmt.Sprintf("%d", numGPU),
 		"--embedding",
 	}
 
+	if opts.MainGPU > 0 {
+		params = append(params, "--main-gpu", fmt.Sprintf("%d", opts.MainGPU))
+	}
+
+	if opts.RopeFrequencyBase > 0 {
+		params = append(params, "--rope-freq-base", fmt.Sprintf("%f", opts.RopeFrequencyBase))
+	}
+
+	if opts.RopeFrequencyScale > 0 {
+		params = append(params, "--rope-freq-scale", fmt.Sprintf("%f", opts.RopeFrequencyScale))
+	}
+
 	if opts.NumGQA > 0 {
 		params = append(params, "--gqa", fmt.Sprintf("%d", opts.NumGQA))
 	}
@@ -360,7 +403,15 @@ func newLlama(model string, adapters []string, runners []ModelRunner, numLayers
 			runner.Path,
 			append(params, "--port", strconv.Itoa(port))...,
 		)
-		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%s", filepath.Dir(runner.Path)))
+
+		var libraryPaths []string
+		if libraryPath, ok := os.LookupEnv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH"); ok {
+			libraryPaths = append(libraryPaths, libraryPath)
+		}
+
+		libraryPaths = append(libraryPaths, filepath.Dir(runner.Path))
+
+		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("LD_LIBRARY_PATH=%s", strings.Join(libraryPaths, ":")))
 		cmd.Stdout = os.Stderr
 		statusWriter := NewStatusWriter()
 		cmd.Stderr = statusWriter
@@ -480,7 +531,7 @@ type prediction struct {
 
 const maxBufferSize = 512 * format.KiloByte
 
-func (llm *llama) Predict(ctx context.Context, prevContext []int, prompt string, fn func(api.GenerateResponse)) error {
+func (llm *llama) Predict(ctx context.Context, prevContext []int, prompt string, format string, fn func(api.GenerateResponse)) error {
 	prevConvo, err := llm.Decode(ctx, prevContext)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -498,6 +549,7 @@ func (llm *llama) Predict(ctx context.Context, prevContext []int, prompt string,
 		"stream":            true,
 		"n_predict":         llm.NumPredict,
 		"n_keep":            llm.NumKeep,
+		"main_gpu":          llm.MainGPU,
 		"temperature":       llm.Temperature,
 		"top_k":             llm.TopK,
 		"top_p":             llm.TopP,
@@ -515,6 +567,10 @@ func (llm *llama) Predict(ctx context.Context, prevContext []int, prompt string,
 		"stop":              llm.Stop,
 	}
 
+	if format == "json" {
+		request["grammar"] = jsonGrammar
+	}
+
 	// Handling JSON marshaling with special characters unescaped.
 	buffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	enc := json.NewEncoder(buffer)

llm/llm.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type LLM interface {
-	Predict(context.Context, []int, string, func(api.GenerateResponse)) error
+	Predict(context.Context, []int, string, string, func(api.GenerateResponse)) error
 	Embedding(context.Context, string) ([]float64, error)
 	Encode(context.Context, string) ([]int, error)
 	Decode(context.Context, []int) (string, error)
@@ -41,20 +41,13 @@ func New(workDir, model string, adapters []string, opts api.Options) (LLM, error
 
 	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
 		switch ggml.FileType() {
-		case "Q8_0":
+		case "F32", "Q5_0", "Q5_1", "Q8_0":
 			if ggml.Name() != "gguf" && opts.NumGPU != 0 {
 				// GGML Q8_0 do not support Metal API and will
 				// cause the runner to segmentation fault so disable GPU
 				log.Printf("WARNING: GPU disabled for F32, Q5_0, Q5_1, and Q8_0")
 				opts.NumGPU = 0
 			}
-		case "F32", "Q5_0", "Q5_1":
-			if opts.NumGPU != 0 {
-				// F32, Q5_0, Q5_1, and Q8_0 do not support Metal API and will
-				// cause the runner to segmentation fault so disable GPU
-				log.Printf("WARNING: GPU disabled for F32, Q5_0, Q5_1, and Q8_0")
-				opts.NumGPU = 0
-			}
 		}
 
 		var requiredMemory int64
@@ -85,7 +78,10 @@ func New(workDir, model string, adapters []string, opts api.Options) (LLM, error
 
 	switch ggml.Name() {
 	case "gguf":
-		opts.NumGQA = 0 // TODO: remove this when llama.cpp runners differ enough to need separate newLlama functions
+		// TODO: gguf will load these options automatically from the model binary
+		opts.NumGQA = 0
+		opts.RopeFrequencyBase = 0.0
+		opts.RopeFrequencyScale = 0.0
 		return newLlama(model, adapters, chooseRunners(workDir, "gguf"), ggml.NumLayers(), opts)
 	case "ggml", "ggmf", "ggjt", "ggla":
 		return newLlama(model, adapters, chooseRunners(workDir, "ggml"), ggml.NumLayers(), opts)

progress/bar.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package progress
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/format"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+type Bar struct {
+	message      string
+	messageWidth int
+
+	maxValue     int64
+	initialValue int64
+	currentValue int64
+
+	started time.Time
+	stopped time.Time
+
+	maxBuckets int
+	buckets    []bucket
+}
+
+type bucket struct {
+	updated time.Time
+	value   int64
+}
+
+func NewBar(message string, maxValue, initialValue int64) *Bar {
+	b := Bar{
+		message:      message,
+		messageWidth: -1,
+		maxValue:     maxValue,
+		initialValue: initialValue,
+		currentValue: initialValue,
+		started:      time.Now(),
+		maxBuckets:   10,
+	}
+
+	if initialValue >= maxValue {
+		b.stopped = time.Now()
+	}
+
+	return &b
+}
+
+// formatDuration limits the rendering of a time.Duration to 2 units
+func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	switch {
+	case d >= 100*time.Hour:
+		return "99h+"
+	case d >= time.Hour:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dh%dm", int(d.Hours()), int(d.Minutes())%60)
+	default:
+		return d.Round(time.Second).String()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Bar) String() string {
+	termWidth, _, err := term.GetSize(int(os.Stderr.Fd()))
+	if err != nil {
+		termWidth = 80
+	}
+
+	var pre strings.Builder
+	if len(b.message) > 0 {
+		message := strings.TrimSpace(b.message)
+		if b.messageWidth > 0 && len(message) > b.messageWidth {
+			message = message[:b.messageWidth]
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(&pre, "%s", message)
+		if padding := b.messageWidth - pre.Len(); padding > 0 {
+			pre.WriteString(repeat(" ", padding))
+		}
+
+		pre.WriteString(" ")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(&pre, "%3.0f%%", b.percent())
+
+	var suf strings.Builder
+	// max 13 characters: "999 MB/999 MB"
+	if b.stopped.IsZero() {
+		curValue := format.HumanBytes(b.currentValue)
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 6-len(curValue)))
+		suf.WriteString(curValue)
+		suf.WriteString("/")
+
+		maxValue := format.HumanBytes(b.maxValue)
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 6-len(maxValue)))
+		suf.WriteString(maxValue)
+	} else {
+		maxValue := format.HumanBytes(b.maxValue)
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 6-len(maxValue)))
+		suf.WriteString(maxValue)
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 7))
+	}
+
+	rate := b.rate()
+	// max 10 characters: "  999 MB/s"
+	if b.stopped.IsZero() && rate > 0 {
+		suf.WriteString("  ")
+		humanRate := format.HumanBytes(int64(rate))
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 6-len(humanRate)))
+		suf.WriteString(humanRate)
+		suf.WriteString("/s")
+	} else {
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 10))
+	}
+
+	// max 8 characters: "  59m59s"
+	if b.stopped.IsZero() && rate > 0 {
+		suf.WriteString("  ")
+		var remaining time.Duration
+		if rate > 0 {
+			remaining = time.Duration(int64(float64(b.maxValue-b.currentValue)/rate)) * time.Second
+		}
+
+		humanRemaining := formatDuration(remaining)
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 6-len(humanRemaining)))
+		suf.WriteString(humanRemaining)
+	} else {
+		suf.WriteString(repeat(" ", 8))
+	}
+
+	var mid strings.Builder
+	// add 5 extra spaces: 2 boundary characters and 1 space at each end
+	f := termWidth - pre.Len() - suf.Len() - 5
+	n := int(float64(f) * b.percent() / 100)
+
+	mid.WriteString(" ▕")
+
+	if n > 0 {
+		mid.WriteString(repeat("█", n))
+	}
+
+	if f-n > 0 {
+		mid.WriteString(repeat(" ", f-n))
+	}
+
+	mid.WriteString("▏ ")
+
+	return pre.String() + mid.String() + suf.String()
+}
+
+func (b *Bar) Set(value int64) {
+	if value >= b.maxValue {
+		value = b.maxValue
+	}
+
+	b.currentValue = value
+	if b.currentValue >= b.maxValue {
+		b.stopped = time.Now()
+	}
+
+	// throttle bucket updates to 1 per second
+	if len(b.buckets) == 0 || time.Since(b.buckets[len(b.buckets)-1].updated) > time.Second {
+		b.buckets = append(b.buckets, bucket{
+			updated: time.Now(),
+			value:   value,
+		})
+
+		if len(b.buckets) > b.maxBuckets {
+			b.buckets = b.buckets[1:]
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Bar) percent() float64 {
+	if b.maxValue > 0 {
+		return float64(b.currentValue) / float64(b.maxValue) * 100
+	}
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (b *Bar) rate() float64 {
+	var numerator, denominator float64
+
+	if !b.stopped.IsZero() {
+		numerator = float64(b.currentValue - b.initialValue)
+		denominator = b.stopped.Sub(b.started).Round(time.Second).Seconds()
+	} else {
+		switch len(b.buckets) {
+		case 0:
+			// noop
+		case 1:
+			numerator = float64(b.buckets[0].value - b.initialValue)
+			denominator = b.buckets[0].updated.Sub(b.started).Round(time.Second).Seconds()
+		default:
+			first, last := b.buckets[0], b.buckets[len(b.buckets)-1]
+			numerator = float64(last.value - first.value)
+			denominator = last.updated.Sub(first.updated).Round(time.Second).Seconds()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if denominator != 0 {
+		return numerator / denominator
+	}
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+func repeat(s string, n int) string {
+	if n > 0 {
+		return strings.Repeat(s, n)
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}

progress/progress.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package progress
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type State interface {
+	String() string
+}
+
+type Progress struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	w  io.Writer
+
+	pos int
+
+	ticker *time.Ticker
+	states []State
+}
+
+func NewProgress(w io.Writer) *Progress {
+	p := &Progress{w: w}
+	go p.start()
+	return p
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) stop() bool {
+	for _, state := range p.states {
+		if spinner, ok := state.(*Spinner); ok {
+			spinner.Stop()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if p.ticker != nil {
+		p.ticker.Stop()
+		p.ticker = nil
+		p.render()
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) Stop() bool {
+	stopped := p.stop()
+	if stopped {
+		fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\n")
+	}
+	return stopped
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) StopAndClear() bool {
+	fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[?25l")
+	defer fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[?25h")
+
+	stopped := p.stop()
+	if stopped {
+		// clear all progress lines
+		for i := 0; i < p.pos; i++ {
+			if i > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[A")
+			}
+			fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[2K\033[1G")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stopped
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) Add(key string, state State) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.states = append(p.states, state)
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) render() error {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[?25l")
+	defer fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[?25h")
+
+	// clear already rendered progress lines
+	for i := 0; i < p.pos; i++ {
+		if i > 0 {
+			fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[A")
+		}
+		fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\033[2K\033[1G")
+	}
+
+	// render progress lines
+	for i, state := range p.states {
+		fmt.Fprint(p.w, state.String())
+		if i < len(p.states)-1 {
+			fmt.Fprint(p.w, "\n")
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.pos = len(p.states)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *Progress) start() {
+	p.ticker = time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	for range p.ticker.C {
+		p.render()
+	}
+}

progress/spinner.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package progress
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Spinner struct {
+	message      string
+	messageWidth int
+
+	parts []string
+
+	value int
+
+	ticker  *time.Ticker
+	started time.Time
+	stopped time.Time
+}
+
+func NewSpinner(message string) *Spinner {
+	s := &Spinner{
+		message: message,
+		parts: []string{
+			"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏",
+		},
+		started: time.Now(),
+	}
+	go s.start()
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *Spinner) String() string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if len(s.message) > 0 {
+		message := strings.TrimSpace(s.message)
+		if s.messageWidth > 0 && len(message) > s.messageWidth {
+			message = message[:s.messageWidth]
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "%s", message)
+		if padding := s.messageWidth - sb.Len(); padding > 0 {
+			sb.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", padding))
+		}
+
+		sb.WriteString(" ")
+	}
+
+	if s.stopped.IsZero() {
+		spinner := s.parts[s.value]
+		sb.WriteString(spinner)
+		sb.WriteString(" ")
+	}
+
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+func (s *Spinner) start() {
+	s.ticker = time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	for range s.ticker.C {
+		s.value = (s.value + 1) % len(s.parts)
+		if !s.stopped.IsZero() {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Spinner) Stop() {
+	if s.stopped.IsZero() {
+		s.stopped = time.Now()
+	}
+}

progressbar/LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2017 Zack
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

progressbar/README.md

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-# progressbar
-
-[![CI](https://github.com/schollz/progressbar/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=main&event=push)](https://github.com/schollz/progressbar/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-[![go report card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/schollz/progressbar)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/schollz/progressbar) 
-[![coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/coverage-84%25-brightgreen.svg)](https://gocover.io/github.com/schollz/progressbar)
-[![godocs](https://godoc.org/github.com/schollz/progressbar?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3) 
-
-A very simple thread-safe progress bar which should work on every OS without problems. I needed a progressbar for [croc](https://github.com/schollz/croc) and everything I tried had problems, so I made another one. In order to be OS agnostic I do not plan to support [multi-line outputs](https://github.com/schollz/progressbar/issues/6).
-
-
-## Install
-
-```
-go get -u github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3
-```
-
-## Usage 
-
-### Basic usage
-
-```golang
-bar := progressbar.Default(100)
-for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-    bar.Add(1)
-    time.Sleep(40 * time.Millisecond)
-}
-```
-
-which looks like:
-
-![Example of basic bar](examples/basic/basic.gif)
-
-
-### I/O operations
-
-The `progressbar` implements an `io.Writer` so it can automatically detect the number of bytes written to a stream, so you can use it as a progressbar for an `io.Reader`.
-
-```golang
-req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://dl.google.com/go/go1.14.2.src.tar.gz", nil)
-resp, _ := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-f, _ := os.OpenFile("go1.14.2.src.tar.gz", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
-defer f.Close()
-
-bar := progressbar.DefaultBytes(
-    resp.ContentLength,
-    "downloading",
-)
-io.Copy(io.MultiWriter(f, bar), resp.Body)
-```
-
-which looks like:
-
-![Example of download bar](examples/download/download.gif)
-
-
-### Progress bar with unknown length
-
-A progressbar with unknown length is a spinner. Any bar with -1 length will automatically convert it to a spinner with a customizable spinner type. For example, the above code can be run and set the `resp.ContentLength` to `-1`.
-
-which looks like:
-
-![Example of download bar with unknown length](examples/download-unknown/download-unknown.gif)
-
-
-### Customization
-
-There is a lot of customization that you can do - change the writer, the color, the width, description, theme, etc. See [all the options](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3?tab=doc#Option).
-
-```golang
-bar := progressbar.NewOptions(1000,
-    progressbar.OptionSetWriter(ansi.NewAnsiStdout()),
-    progressbar.OptionEnableColorCodes(true),
-    progressbar.OptionShowBytes(true),
-    progressbar.OptionSetWidth(15),
-    progressbar.OptionSetDescription("[cyan][1/3][reset] Writing moshable file..."),
-    progressbar.OptionSetTheme(progressbar.Theme{
-        Saucer:        "[green]=[reset]",
-        SaucerHead:    "[green]>[reset]",
-        SaucerPadding: " ",
-        BarStart:      "[",
-        BarEnd:        "]",
-    }))
-for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
-    bar.Add(1)
-    time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
-}
-```
-
-which looks like:
-
-![Example of customized bar](examples/customization/customization.gif)
-
-
-## Contributing
-
-Pull requests are welcome. Feel free to...
-
-- Revise documentation
-- Add new features
-- Fix bugs
-- Suggest improvements
-
-## Thanks
-
-Thanks [@Dynom](https://github.com/dynom) for massive improvements in version 2.0!
-
-Thanks [@CrushedPixel](https://github.com/CrushedPixel) for adding descriptions and color code support!
-
-Thanks [@MrMe42](https://github.com/MrMe42) for adding some minor features!
-
-Thanks [@tehstun](https://github.com/tehstun) for some great PRs!
-
-Thanks [@Benzammour](https://github.com/Benzammour) and [@haseth](https://github.com/haseth) for helping create v3!
-
-Thanks [@briandowns](https://github.com/briandowns) for compiling the list of spinners.
-
-## License
-
-MIT

progressbar/spinners.go

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package progressbar
-
-var spinners = map[int][]string{
-	0:  {"←", "↖", "↑", "↗", "→", "↘", "↓", "↙"},
-	1:  {"▁", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█", "▇", "▆", "▅", "▄", "▃", "▁"},
-	2:  {"▖", "▘", "▝", "▗"},
-	3:  {"┤", "┘", "┴", "└", "├", "┌", "┬", "┐"},
-	4:  {"◢", "◣", "◤", "◥"},
-	5:  {"◰", "◳", "◲", "◱"},
-	6:  {"◴", "◷", "◶", "◵"},
-	7:  {"◐", "◓", "◑", "◒"},
-	8:  {".", "o", "O", "@", "*"},
-	9:  {"|", "/", "-", "\\"},
-	10: {"◡◡", "⊙⊙", "◠◠"},
-	11: {"⣾", "⣽", "⣻", "⢿", "⡿", "⣟", "⣯", "⣷"},
-	12: {">))'>", " >))'>", "  >))'>", "   >))'>", "    >))'>", "   <'((<", "  <'((<", " <'((<"},
-	13: {"⠁", "⠂", "⠄", "⡀", "⢀", "⠠", "⠐", "⠈"},
-	14: {"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏"},
-	15: {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"},
-	16: {"▉", "▊", "▋", "▌", "▍", "▎", "▏", "▎", "▍", "▌", "▋", "▊", "▉"},
-	17: {"■", "□", "▪", "▫"},
-	18: {"←", "↑", "→", "↓"},
-	19: {"╫", "╪"},
-	20: {"⇐", "⇖", "⇑", "⇗", "⇒", "⇘", "⇓", "⇙"},
-	21: {"⠁", "⠁", "⠉", "⠙", "⠚", "⠒", "⠂", "⠂", "⠒", "⠲", "⠴", "⠤", "⠄", "⠄", "⠤", "⠠", "⠠", "⠤", "⠦", "⠖", "⠒", "⠐", "⠐", "⠒", "⠓", "⠋", "⠉", "⠈", "⠈"},
-	22: {"⠈", "⠉", "⠋", "⠓", "⠒", "⠐", "⠐", "⠒", "⠖", "⠦", "⠤", "⠠", "⠠", "⠤", "⠦", "⠖", "⠒", "⠐", "⠐", "⠒", "⠓", "⠋", "⠉", "⠈"},
-	23: {"⠁", "⠉", "⠙", "⠚", "⠒", "⠂", "⠂", "⠒", "⠲", "⠴", "⠤", "⠄", "⠄", "⠤", "⠴", "⠲", "⠒", "⠂", "⠂", "⠒", "⠚", "⠙", "⠉", "⠁"},
-	24: {"⠋", "⠙", "⠚", "⠒", "⠂", "⠂", "⠒", "⠲", "⠴", "⠦", "⠖", "⠒", "⠐", "⠐", "⠒", "⠓", "⠋"},
-	25: {"ｦ", "ｧ", "ｨ", "ｩ", "ｪ", "ｫ", "ｬ", "ｭ", "ｮ", "ｯ", "ｱ", "ｲ", "ｳ", "ｴ", "ｵ", "ｶ", "ｷ", "ｸ", "ｹ", "ｺ", "ｻ", "ｼ", "ｽ", "ｾ", "ｿ", "ﾀ", "ﾁ", "ﾂ", "ﾃ", "ﾄ", "ﾅ", "ﾆ", "ﾇ", "ﾈ", "ﾉ", "ﾊ", "ﾋ", "ﾌ", "ﾍ", "ﾎ", "ﾏ", "ﾐ", "ﾑ", "ﾒ", "ﾓ", "ﾔ", "ﾕ", "ﾖ", "ﾗ", "ﾘ", "ﾙ", "ﾚ", "ﾛ", "ﾜ", "ﾝ"},
-	26: {".", "..", "..."},
-	27: {"▁", "▂", "▃", "▄", "▅", "▆", "▇", "█", "▉", "▊", "▋", "▌", "▍", "▎", "▏", "▏", "▎", "▍", "▌", "▋", "▊", "▉", "█", "▇", "▆", "▅", "▄", "▃", "▂", "▁"},
-	28: {".", "o", "O", "°", "O", "o", "."},
-	29: {"+", "x"},
-	30: {"v", "<", "^", ">"},
-	31: {">>--->", " >>--->", "  >>--->", "   >>--->", "    >>--->", "    <---<<", "   <---<<", "  <---<<", " <---<<", "<---<<"},
-	32: {"|", "||", "|||", "||||", "|||||", "|||||||", "||||||||", "|||||||", "||||||", "|||||", "||||", "|||", "||", "|"},
-	33: {"[          ]", "[=         ]", "[==        ]", "[===       ]", "[====      ]", "[=====     ]", "[======    ]", "[=======   ]", "[========  ]", "[========= ]", "[==========]"},
-	34: {"(*---------)", "(-*--------)", "(--*-------)", "(---*------)", "(----*-----)", "(-----*----)", "(------*---)", "(-------*--)", "(--------*-)", "(---------*)"},
-	35: {"█▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒", "███▒▒▒▒▒▒▒", "█████▒▒▒▒▒", "███████▒▒▒", "██████████"},
-	36: {"[                    ]", "[=>                  ]", "[===>                ]", "[=====>              ]", "[======>             ]", "[========>           ]", "[==========>         ]", "[============>       ]", "[==============>     ]", "[================>   ]", "[==================> ]", "[===================>]"},
-	37: {"ဝ", "၀"},
-	38: {"▌", "▀", "▐▄"},
-	39: {"🌍", "🌎", "🌏"},
-	40: {"◜", "◝", "◞", "◟"},
-	41: {"⬒", "⬔", "⬓", "⬕"},
-	42: {"⬖", "⬘", "⬗", "⬙"},
-	43: {"[>>>          >]", "[]>>>>        []", "[]  >>>>      []", "[]    >>>>    []", "[]      >>>>  []", "[]        >>>>[]", "[>>          >>]"},
-	44: {"♠", "♣", "♥", "♦"},
-	45: {"➞", "➟", "➠", "➡", "➠", "➟"},
-	46: {"  |  ", ` \   `, "_    ", ` \   `, "  |  ", "   / ", "    _", "   / "},
-	47: {"  . . . .", ".   . . .", ". .   . .", ". . .   .", ". . . .  ", ". . . . ."},
-	48: {" |     ", "  /    ", "   _   ", `    \  `, "     | ", `    \  `, "   _   ", "  /    "},
-	49: {"⎺", "⎻", "⎼", "⎽", "⎼", "⎻"},
-	50: {"▹▹▹▹▹", "▸▹▹▹▹", "▹▸▹▹▹", "▹▹▸▹▹", "▹▹▹▸▹", "▹▹▹▹▸"},
-	51: {"[    ]", "[   =]", "[  ==]", "[ ===]", "[====]", "[=== ]", "[==  ]", "[=   ]"},
-	52: {"( ●    )", "(  ●   )", "(   ●  )", "(    ● )", "(     ●)", "(    ● )", "(   ●  )", "(  ●   )", "( ●    )"},
-	53: {"✶", "✸", "✹", "✺", "✹", "✷"},
-	54: {"▐|\\____________▌", "▐_|\\___________▌", "▐__|\\__________▌", "▐___|\\_________▌", "▐____|\\________▌", "▐_____|\\_______▌", "▐______|\\______▌", "▐_______|\\_____▌", "▐________|\\____▌", "▐_________|\\___▌", "▐__________|\\__▌", "▐___________|\\_▌", "▐____________|\\▌", "▐____________/|▌", "▐___________/|_▌", "▐__________/|__▌", "▐_________/|___▌", "▐________/|____▌", "▐_______/|_____▌", "▐______/|______▌", "▐_____/|_______▌", "▐____/|________▌", "▐___/|_________▌", "▐__/|__________▌", "▐_/|___________▌", "▐/|____________▌"},
-	55: {"▐⠂       ▌", "▐⠈       ▌", "▐ ⠂      ▌", "▐ ⠠      ▌", "▐  ⡀     ▌", "▐  ⠠     ▌", "▐   ⠂    ▌", "▐   ⠈    ▌", "▐    ⠂   ▌", "▐    ⠠   ▌", "▐     ⡀  ▌", "▐     ⠠  ▌", "▐      ⠂ ▌", "▐      ⠈ ▌", "▐       ⠂▌", "▐       ⠠▌", "▐       ⡀▌", "▐      ⠠ ▌", "▐      ⠂ ▌", "▐     ⠈  ▌", "▐     ⠂  ▌", "▐    ⠠   ▌", "▐    ⡀   ▌", "▐   ⠠    ▌", "▐   ⠂    ▌", "▐  ⠈     ▌", "▐  ⠂     ▌", "▐ ⠠      ▌", "▐ ⡀      ▌", "▐⠠       ▌"},
-	56: {"¿", "?"},
-	57: {"⢹", "⢺", "⢼", "⣸", "⣇", "⡧", "⡗", "⡏"},
-	58: {"⢄", "⢂", "⢁", "⡁", "⡈", "⡐", "⡠"},
-	59: {".  ", ".. ", "...", " ..", "  .", "   "},
-	60: {".", "o", "O", "°", "O", "o", "."},
-	61: {"▓", "▒", "░"},
-	62: {"▌", "▀", "▐", "▄"},
-	63: {"⊶", "⊷"},
-	64: {"▪", "▫"},
-	65: {"□", "■"},
-	66: {"▮", "▯"},
-	67: {"-", "=", "≡"},
-	68: {"d", "q", "p", "b"},
-	69: {"∙∙∙", "●∙∙", "∙●∙", "∙∙●", "∙∙∙"},
-	70: {"🌑 ", "🌒 ", "🌓 ", "🌔 ", "🌕 ", "🌖 ", "🌗 ", "🌘 "},
-	71: {"☗", "☖"},
-	72: {"⧇", "⧆"},
-	73: {"◉", "◎"},
-	74: {"㊂", "㊀", "㊁"},
-	75: {"⦾", "⦿"},
-}

readline/history.go

@@ -43,9 +43,12 @@ func (h *History) Init() error {
 	}
 
 	path := filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "history")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	h.Filename = path
 
-	//todo check if the file exists
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDONLY, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {

readline/readline.go

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ type Instance struct {
 	Prompt   *Prompt
 	Terminal *Terminal
 	History  *History
+	Pasting  bool
 }
 
 func New(prompt Prompt) (*Instance, error) {
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func New(prompt Prompt) (*Instance, error) {
 
 func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 	prompt := i.Prompt.Prompt
-	if i.Prompt.UseAlt {
+	if i.Prompt.UseAlt || i.Pasting {
 		prompt = i.Prompt.AltPrompt
 	}
 	fmt.Print(prompt)
@@ -63,12 +64,13 @@ func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 	var esc bool
 	var escex bool
 	var metaDel bool
-	var pasteMode PasteMode
 
 	var currentLineBuf []rune
 
 	for {
-		if buf.IsEmpty() {
+		// don't show placeholder when pasting unless we're in multiline mode
+		showPlaceholder := !i.Pasting || i.Prompt.UseAlt
+		if buf.IsEmpty() && showPlaceholder {
 			ph := i.Prompt.Placeholder
 			if i.Prompt.UseAlt {
 				ph = i.Prompt.AltPlaceholder
@@ -119,9 +121,9 @@ func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 					code += string(r)
 				}
 				if code == CharBracketedPasteStart {
-					pasteMode = PasteModeStart
+					i.Pasting = true
 				} else if code == CharBracketedPasteEnd {
-					pasteMode = PasteModeEnd
+					i.Pasting = false
 				}
 			case KeyDel:
 				if buf.Size() > 0 {
@@ -145,6 +147,8 @@ func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 				buf.MoveLeftWord()
 			case 'f':
 				buf.MoveRightWord()
+			case CharBackspace:
+				buf.DeleteWord()
 			case CharEscapeEx:
 				escex = true
 			}
@@ -194,12 +198,7 @@ func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 			}
 			buf.MoveToEnd()
 			fmt.Println()
-			switch pasteMode {
-			case PasteModeStart:
-				output = `"""` + output
-			case PasteModeEnd:
-				output = output + `"""`
-			}
+
 			return output, nil
 		default:
 			if metaDel {

readline/term_bsd.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //go:build darwin || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
 package readline
 
 import (

readline/term_linux.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //go:build linux || solaris
+
 package readline
 
 import (

readline/types.go

@@ -76,11 +76,3 @@ const (
 	CharBracketedPasteStart = "00~"
 	CharBracketedPasteEnd   = "01~"
 )
-
-type PasteMode int
-
-const (
-	PastModeOff = iota
-	PasteModeStart
-	PasteModeEnd
-)

scripts/build_darwin.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ mkdir -p dist
 for TARGETARCH in arm64 amd64; do
     GOOS=darwin GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go generate ./...
     GOOS=darwin GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go build -o dist/ollama-darwin-$TARGETARCH
+    rm -rf llm/llama.cpp/*/build
 done
 
 lipo -create -output dist/ollama dist/ollama-darwin-*

scripts/build_docker.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ docker buildx build \
     --platform=linux/arm64,linux/amd64 \
     --build-arg=VERSION \
     --build-arg=GOFLAGS \
+    --cache-from type=local,src=.cache \
+    --cache-to type=local,dest=.cache \
     -f Dockerfile \
-    -t ollama \
+    -t ollama/ollama:$VERSION \
     .

scripts/install.sh

@@ -63,7 +63,10 @@ status "Installing ollama to $BINDIR..."
 $SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d $BINDIR
 $SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 $TEMP_DIR/ollama $BINDIR/ollama
 
-install_success() { status 'Install complete. Run "ollama" from the command line.'; }
+install_success() { 
+    status 'The Ollama API is now available at 0.0.0.0:11434.'
+    status 'Install complete. Run "ollama" from the command line.'
+}
 trap install_success EXIT
 
 # Everything from this point onwards is optional.
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ if check_gpu nvidia-smi; then
 fi
 
 if ! check_gpu lspci && ! check_gpu lshw; then
+    install_success
     warning "No NVIDIA GPU detected. Ollama will run in CPU-only mode."
     exit 0
 fi
@@ -176,7 +180,10 @@ install_cuda_driver_apt() {
     case $1 in
         debian)
             status 'Enabling contrib sources...'
-            $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.list > /dev/null
+            $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.list > /dev/null
+            if [ -f "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources" ]; then
+                $SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.sources > /dev/null
+            fi
             ;;
     esac
 

scripts/push_docker.sh

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ docker buildx build \
     --platform=linux/arm64,linux/amd64 \
     --build-arg=VERSION \
     --build-arg=GOFLAGS \
+    --cache-from type=local,src=.cache \
     -f Dockerfile \
     -t ollama/ollama -t ollama/ollama:$VERSION \
     .

server/auth.go

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, redirData AuthRedirect) (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	s := SignatureData{
-		Method: "GET",
+		Method: http.MethodGet,
 		Path:   redirectURL.String(),
 		Data:   nil,
 	}
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, redirData AuthRedirect) (string, error) {
 
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Authorization", sig)
-	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "GET", redirectURL, headers, nil, nil)
+	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodGet, redirectURL, headers, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("couldn't get token: %q", err)
 		return "", err

server/download.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ type blobDownloadPart struct {
 
 const (
 	numDownloadParts          = 64
-	minDownloadPartSize int64 = 32 * 1000 * 1000
-	maxDownloadPartSize int64 = 256 * 1000 * 1000
+	minDownloadPartSize int64 = 100 * format.MegaByte
+	maxDownloadPartSize int64 = 1000 * format.MegaByte
 )
 
 func (p *blobDownloadPart) Name() string {
@@ -89,17 +90,12 @@ func (b *blobDownload) Prepare(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *R
 	}
 
 	if len(b.Parts) == 0 {
-		resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "HEAD", requestURL, nil, nil, opts)
+		resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodHead, requestURL, nil, nil, opts)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-		if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
-			body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-			return fmt.Errorf("registry responded with code %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-		}
-
 		b.Total, _ = strconv.ParseInt(resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"), 10, 64)
 
 		var size = b.Total / numDownloadParts
@@ -134,7 +130,6 @@ func (b *blobDownload) Run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *Regis
 
 func (b *blobDownload) run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *RegistryOptions) error {
 	defer blobDownloadManager.Delete(b.Digest)
-
 	ctx, b.CancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
 	file, err := os.OpenFile(b.Name+"-partial", os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0644)
@@ -153,24 +148,26 @@ func (b *blobDownload) run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *Regis
 			continue
 		}
 
-		i := i
 		g.Go(func() error {
+			var err error
 			for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
 				w := io.NewOffsetWriter(file, part.StartsAt())
-				err := b.downloadChunk(inner, requestURL, w, part, opts)
+				err = b.downloadChunk(inner, requestURL, w, part, opts)
 				switch {
 				case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled), errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOSPC):
 					// return immediately if the context is canceled or the device is out of space
 					return err
 				case err != nil:
-					log.Printf("%s part %d attempt %d failed: %v, retrying", b.Digest[7:19], i, try, err)
+					sleep := time.Second * time.Duration(math.Pow(2, float64(try)))
+					log.Printf("%s part %d attempt %d failed: %v, retrying in %s", b.Digest[7:19], part.N, try, err, sleep)
+					time.Sleep(sleep)
 					continue
 				default:
 					return nil
 				}
 			}
 
-			return errors.New("max retries exceeded")
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errMaxRetriesExceeded, err)
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -200,14 +197,14 @@ func (b *blobDownload) run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *Regis
 func (b *blobDownload) downloadChunk(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, w io.Writer, part *blobDownloadPart, opts *RegistryOptions) error {
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", part.StartsAt(), part.StopsAt()-1))
-	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "GET", requestURL, headers, nil, opts)
+	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodGet, requestURL, headers, nil, opts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	n, err := io.Copy(w, io.TeeReader(resp.Body, b))
-	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
 		// rollback progress
 		b.Completed.Add(-n)
 		return err
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ func (b *blobDownload) downloadChunk(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, w
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// return nil or context.Canceled
+	// return nil or context.Canceled or UnexpectedEOF (resumable)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ func (b *blobDownload) Wait(ctx context.Context, fn func(api.ProgressResponse))
 		}
 
 		fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("downloading %s", b.Digest),
+			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s", b.Digest[7:19]),
 			Digest:    b.Digest,
 			Total:     b.Total,
 			Completed: b.Completed.Load(),
@@ -306,7 +303,9 @@ type downloadOpts struct {
 	fn      func(api.ProgressResponse)
 }
 
-const maxRetries = 3
+const maxRetries = 6
+
+var errMaxRetriesExceeded = errors.New("max retries exceeded")
 
 // downloadBlob downloads a blob from the registry and stores it in the blobs directory
 func downloadBlob(ctx context.Context, opts downloadOpts) error {
@@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ func downloadBlob(ctx context.Context, opts downloadOpts) error {
 		return err
 	default:
 		opts.fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("downloading %s", opts.digest),
+			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("pulling %s", opts.digest[7:19]),
 			Digest:    opts.digest,
 			Total:     fi.Size(),
 			Completed: fi.Size(),

server/images.go

@@ -63,15 +63,11 @@ func (m *Model) Prompt(request api.GenerateRequest) (string, error) {
 		First  bool
 		System string
 		Prompt string
-
-		// deprecated: versions <= 0.0.7 used this to omit the system prompt
-		Context []int
 	}
 
 	vars.First = len(request.Context) == 0
 	vars.System = m.System
 	vars.Prompt = request.Prompt
-	vars.Context = request.Context
 
 	if request.System != "" {
 		vars.System = request.System
@@ -232,220 +228,186 @@ func GetModel(name string) (*Model, error) {
 	return model, nil
 }
 
-func filenameWithPath(path, f string) (string, error) {
-	// if filePath starts with ~/, replace it with the user's home directory.
-	if strings.HasPrefix(f, fmt.Sprintf("~%s", string(os.PathSeparator))) {
-		parts := strings.Split(f, string(os.PathSeparator))
-		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		f = filepath.Join(home, filepath.Join(parts[1:]...))
+func realpath(mfDir, from string) string {
+	abspath, err := filepath.Abs(from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return from
 	}
 
-	// if filePath is not an absolute path, make it relative to the modelfile path
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(f) {
-		f = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(path), f)
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return abspath
 	}
 
-	return f, nil
+	if from == "~" {
+		return home
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(from, "~/") {
+		return filepath.Join(home, from[2:])
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(mfDir, from)); err == nil {
+		// this is a file relative to the Modelfile
+		return filepath.Join(mfDir, from)
+	}
+
+	return abspath
 }
 
-func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name string, path string, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) error {
-	mp := ParseModelPath(name)
-
-	var manifest *ManifestV2
-	var err error
-	var noprune string
-
-	// build deleteMap to prune unused layers
-	deleteMap := make(map[string]bool)
-
-	if noprune = os.Getenv("OLLAMA_NOPRUNE"); noprune == "" {
-		manifest, _, err = GetManifest(mp)
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if manifest != nil {
-			for _, l := range manifest.Layers {
-				deleteMap[l.Digest] = true
-			}
-			deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	mf, err := os.Open(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("couldn't open modelfile '%s'", path)})
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer mf.Close()
-
-	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "parsing modelfile"})
-	commands, err := parser.Parse(mf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir string, commands []parser.Command, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) error {
 	config := ConfigV2{
-		Architecture: "amd64",
 		OS:           "linux",
+		Architecture: "amd64",
 	}
 
+	deleteMap := make(map[string]struct{})
+
 	var layers []*LayerReader
+
 	params := make(map[string][]string)
-	var sourceParams map[string]any
+	fromParams := make(map[string]any)
+
 	for _, c := range commands {
-		log.Printf("[%s] - %s\n", c.Name, c.Args)
+		log.Printf("[%s] - %s", c.Name, c.Args)
+		mediatype := fmt.Sprintf("application/vnd.ollama.image.%s", c.Name)
+
 		switch c.Name {
 		case "model":
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "looking for model"})
+			if strings.HasPrefix(c.Args, "@") {
+				blobPath, err := GetBlobsPath(strings.TrimPrefix(c.Args, "@"))
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
 
-			mp := ParseModelPath(c.Args)
-			mf, _, err := GetManifest(mp)
+				c.Args = blobPath
+			}
+
+			bin, err := os.Open(realpath(modelFileDir, c.Args))
 			if err != nil {
-				modelFile, err := filenameWithPath(path, c.Args)
-				if err != nil {
+				// not a file on disk so must be a model reference
+				modelpath := ParseModelPath(c.Args)
+				manifest, _, err := GetManifest(modelpath)
+				switch {
+				case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
+					fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "pulling model"})
+					if err := PullModel(ctx, c.Args, &RegistryOptions{}, fn); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					manifest, _, err = GetManifest(modelpath)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				case err != nil:
 					return err
 				}
-				if _, err := os.Stat(modelFile); err != nil {
-					// the model file does not exist, try pulling it
-					if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-						fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "pulling model file"})
-						if err := PullModel(ctx, c.Args, &RegistryOptions{}, fn); err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-						mf, _, err = GetManifest(mp)
-						if err != nil {
-							return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file after pull: %v", err)
-						}
-					} else {
-						return err
-					}
-				} else {
-					// create a model from this specified file
-					fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating model layer"})
-					file, err := os.Open(modelFile)
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %v", err)
-					}
-					defer file.Close()
 
-					ggml, err := llm.DecodeGGML(file)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-
-					config.ModelFormat = ggml.Name()
-					config.ModelFamily = ggml.ModelFamily()
-					config.ModelType = ggml.ModelType()
-					config.FileType = ggml.FileType()
-
-					// reset the file
-					file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
-
-					l, err := CreateLayer(file)
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("failed to create layer: %v", err)
-					}
-					l.MediaType = "application/vnd.ollama.image.model"
-					layers = append(layers, l)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if mf != nil {
 				fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "reading model metadata"})
-				sourceBlobPath, err := GetBlobsPath(mf.Config.Digest)
+				fromConfigPath, err := GetBlobsPath(manifest.Config.Digest)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				sourceBlob, err := os.Open(sourceBlobPath)
+				fromConfigFile, err := os.Open(fromConfigPath)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				defer sourceBlob.Close()
+				defer fromConfigFile.Close()
 
-				var source ConfigV2
-				if err := json.NewDecoder(sourceBlob).Decode(&source); err != nil {
+				var fromConfig ConfigV2
+				if err := json.NewDecoder(fromConfigFile).Decode(&fromConfig); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				// copy the model metadata
-				config.ModelFamily = source.ModelFamily
-				config.ModelType = source.ModelType
-				config.ModelFormat = source.ModelFormat
-				config.FileType = source.FileType
+				config.ModelFormat = fromConfig.ModelFormat
+				config.ModelFamily = fromConfig.ModelFamily
+				config.ModelType = fromConfig.ModelType
+				config.FileType = fromConfig.FileType
 
-				for _, l := range mf.Layers {
-					if l.MediaType == "application/vnd.ollama.image.params" {
-						sourceParamsBlobPath, err := GetBlobsPath(l.Digest)
+				for _, layer := range manifest.Layers {
+					deleteMap[layer.Digest] = struct{}{}
+					if layer.MediaType == "application/vnd.ollama.image.params" {
+						fromParamsPath, err := GetBlobsPath(layer.Digest)
 						if err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
 
-						sourceParamsBlob, err := os.Open(sourceParamsBlobPath)
+						fromParamsFile, err := os.Open(fromParamsPath)
 						if err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
-						defer sourceParamsBlob.Close()
+						defer fromParamsFile.Close()
 
-						if err := json.NewDecoder(sourceParamsBlob).Decode(&sourceParams); err != nil {
+						if err := json.NewDecoder(fromParamsFile).Decode(&fromParams); err != nil {
 							return err
 						}
 					}
 
-					newLayer, err := GetLayerWithBufferFromLayer(l)
+					layer, err := GetLayerWithBufferFromLayer(layer)
 					if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
-					newLayer.From = mp.GetNamespaceRepository()
-					layers = append(layers, newLayer)
-				}
-			}
-		case "adapter":
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("creating model %s layer", c.Name)})
 
-			fp, err := filenameWithPath(path, c.Args)
+					layer.From = modelpath.GetShortTagname()
+					layers = append(layers, layer)
+				}
+
+				deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = struct{}{}
+				continue
+			}
+			defer bin.Close()
+
+			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating model layer"})
+			ggml, err := llm.DecodeGGML(bin)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// create a model from this specified file
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating model layer"})
+			config.ModelFormat = ggml.Name()
+			config.ModelFamily = ggml.ModelFamily()
+			config.ModelType = ggml.ModelType()
+			config.FileType = ggml.FileType()
 
-			file, err := os.Open(fp)
+			bin.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+			layer, err := CreateLayer(bin)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %v", err)
+				return err
 			}
-			defer file.Close()
 
-			l, err := CreateLayer(file)
+			layer.MediaType = mediatype
+			layers = append(layers, layer)
+		case "adapter":
+			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating adapter layer"})
+			bin, err := os.Open(realpath(modelFileDir, c.Args))
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create layer: %v", err)
+				return err
 			}
-			l.MediaType = "application/vnd.ollama.image.adapter"
-			layers = append(layers, l)
-		case "license":
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("creating model %s layer", c.Name)})
-			mediaType := fmt.Sprintf("application/vnd.ollama.image.%s", c.Name)
+			defer bin.Close()
 
-			layer, err := CreateLayer(strings.NewReader(c.Args))
+			layer, err := CreateLayer(bin)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
 			if layer.Size > 0 {
-				layer.MediaType = mediaType
+				layer.MediaType = mediatype
 				layers = append(layers, layer)
 			}
-		case "template", "system", "prompt":
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("creating model %s layer", c.Name)})
-			// remove the layer if one exists
-			mediaType := fmt.Sprintf("application/vnd.ollama.image.%s", c.Name)
-			layers = removeLayerFromLayers(layers, mediaType)
+		case "license":
+			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating license layer"})
+			layer, err := CreateLayer(strings.NewReader(c.Args))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if layer.Size > 0 {
+				layer.MediaType = mediatype
+				layers = append(layers, layer)
+			}
+		case "template", "system":
+			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("creating %s layer", c.Name)})
+
+			// remove duplicate layers
+			layers = removeLayerFromLayers(layers, mediatype)
 
 			layer, err := CreateLayer(strings.NewReader(c.Args))
 			if err != nil {
@@ -453,48 +415,47 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name string, path string, fn func(resp api
 			}
 
 			if layer.Size > 0 {
-				layer.MediaType = mediaType
+				layer.MediaType = mediatype
 				layers = append(layers, layer)
 			}
 		default:
-			// runtime parameters, build a list of args for each parameter to allow multiple values to be specified (ex: multiple stop sequences)
 			params[c.Name] = append(params[c.Name], c.Args)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Create a single layer for the parameters
 	if len(params) > 0 {
-		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating parameter layer"})
+		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating parameters layer"})
 
-		layers = removeLayerFromLayers(layers, "application/vnd.ollama.image.params")
 		formattedParams, err := formatParams(params)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't create params json: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 
-		for k, v := range sourceParams {
+		for k, v := range fromParams {
 			if _, ok := formattedParams[k]; !ok {
 				formattedParams[k] = v
 			}
 		}
 
 		if config.ModelType == "65B" {
-			if numGQA, ok := formattedParams["num_gqa"].(int); ok && numGQA == 8 {
+			if gqa, ok := formattedParams["gqa"].(int); ok && gqa == 8 {
 				config.ModelType = "70B"
 			}
 		}
 
-		bts, err := json.Marshal(formattedParams)
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(formattedParams); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating config layer"})
+		layer, err := CreateLayer(bytes.NewReader(b.Bytes()))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		l, err := CreateLayer(bytes.NewReader(bts))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create layer: %v", err)
-		}
-		l.MediaType = "application/vnd.ollama.image.params"
-		layers = append(layers, l)
+		layer.MediaType = "application/vnd.ollama.image.params"
+		layers = append(layers, layer)
 	}
 
 	digests, err := getLayerDigests(layers)
@@ -502,36 +463,31 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name string, path string, fn func(resp api
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var manifestLayers []*Layer
-	for _, l := range layers {
-		manifestLayers = append(manifestLayers, &l.Layer)
-		delete(deleteMap, l.Layer.Digest)
-	}
-
-	// Create a layer for the config object
-	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "creating config layer"})
-	cfg, err := createConfigLayer(config, digests)
+	configLayer, err := createConfigLayer(config, digests)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	layers = append(layers, cfg)
-	delete(deleteMap, cfg.Layer.Digest)
+
+	layers = append(layers, configLayer)
+	delete(deleteMap, configLayer.Digest)
 
 	if err := SaveLayers(layers, fn, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Create the manifest
+	var contentLayers []*Layer
+	for _, layer := range layers {
+		contentLayers = append(contentLayers, &layer.Layer)
+		delete(deleteMap, layer.Digest)
+	}
+
 	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "writing manifest"})
-	err = CreateManifest(name, cfg, manifestLayers)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := CreateManifest(name, configLayer, contentLayers); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if noprune == "" {
-		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "removing any unused layers"})
-		err = deleteUnusedLayers(nil, deleteMap, false)
-		if err != nil {
+	if noprune := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_NOPRUNE"); noprune == "" {
+		if err := deleteUnusedLayers(nil, deleteMap, false); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -743,7 +699,7 @@ func CopyModel(src, dest string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func deleteUnusedLayers(skipModelPath *ModelPath, deleteMap map[string]bool, dryRun bool) error {
+func deleteUnusedLayers(skipModelPath *ModelPath, deleteMap map[string]struct{}, dryRun bool) error {
 	fp, err := GetManifestPath()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -783,21 +739,19 @@ func deleteUnusedLayers(skipModelPath *ModelPath, deleteMap map[string]bool, dry
 	}
 
 	// only delete the files which are still in the deleteMap
-	for k, v := range deleteMap {
-		if v {
-			fp, err := GetBlobsPath(k)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Printf("couldn't get file path for '%s': %v", k, err)
+	for k := range deleteMap {
+		fp, err := GetBlobsPath(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("couldn't get file path for '%s': %v", k, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !dryRun {
+			if err := os.Remove(fp); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("couldn't remove file '%s': %v", fp, err)
 				continue
 			}
-			if !dryRun {
-				if err := os.Remove(fp); err != nil {
-					log.Printf("couldn't remove file '%s': %v", fp, err)
-					continue
-				}
-			} else {
-				log.Printf("wanted to remove: %s", fp)
-			}
+		} else {
+			log.Printf("wanted to remove: %s", fp)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -805,7 +759,7 @@ func deleteUnusedLayers(skipModelPath *ModelPath, deleteMap map[string]bool, dry
 }
 
 func PruneLayers() error {
-	deleteMap := make(map[string]bool)
+	deleteMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 	p, err := GetBlobsPath("")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -822,7 +776,9 @@ func PruneLayers() error {
 		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 			name = strings.ReplaceAll(name, "-", ":")
 		}
-		deleteMap[name] = true
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "sha256:") {
+			deleteMap[name] = struct{}{}
+		}
 	}
 
 	log.Printf("total blobs: %d", len(deleteMap))
@@ -877,11 +833,11 @@ func DeleteModel(name string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	deleteMap := make(map[string]bool)
+	deleteMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, layer := range manifest.Layers {
-		deleteMap[layer.Digest] = true
+		deleteMap[layer.Digest] = struct{}{}
 	}
-	deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = true
+	deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = struct{}{}
 
 	err = deleteUnusedLayers(&mp, deleteMap, false)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -981,47 +937,11 @@ func PushModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *RegistryOptions, fn fu
 	layers = append(layers, &manifest.Config)
 
 	for _, layer := range layers {
-		exists, err := checkBlobExistence(ctx, mp, layer.Digest, regOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if exists {
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-				Status:    "using existing layer",
-				Digest:    layer.Digest,
-				Total:     layer.Size,
-				Completed: layer.Size,
-			})
-			log.Printf("Layer %s already exists", layer.Digest)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-			Status: "starting upload",
-			Digest: layer.Digest,
-			Total:  layer.Size,
-		})
-
-		location, chunkSize, err := startUpload(ctx, mp, layer, regOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("couldn't start upload: %v", err)
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if strings.HasPrefix(filepath.Base(location.Path), "sha256:") {
-			layer.Digest = filepath.Base(location.Path)
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-				Status:    "using existing layer",
-				Digest:    layer.Digest,
-				Total:     layer.Size,
-				Completed: layer.Size,
-			})
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if err := uploadBlob(ctx, location, layer, chunkSize, regOpts, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := uploadBlob(ctx, mp, layer, regOpts, fn); err != nil {
 			log.Printf("error uploading blob: %v", err)
+			if errors.Is(err, errUnauthorized) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to push %s, make sure this namespace exists and you are authorized to push to it", ParseModelPath(name).GetNamespaceRepository())
+			}
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -1037,7 +957,7 @@ func PushModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *RegistryOptions, fn fu
 
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json")
-	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, "PUT", requestURL, headers, bytes.NewReader(manifestJSON), regOpts)
+	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodPut, requestURL, headers, bytes.NewReader(manifestJSON), regOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1056,7 +976,7 @@ func PullModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *RegistryOptions, fn fu
 	var noprune string
 
 	// build deleteMap to prune unused layers
-	deleteMap := make(map[string]bool)
+	deleteMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 
 	if noprune = os.Getenv("OLLAMA_NOPRUNE"); noprune == "" {
 		manifest, _, err = GetManifest(mp)
@@ -1066,9 +986,9 @@ func PullModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *RegistryOptions, fn fu
 
 		if manifest != nil {
 			for _, l := range manifest.Layers {
-				deleteMap[l.Digest] = true
+				deleteMap[l.Digest] = struct{}{}
 			}
-			deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = true
+			deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1159,22 +1079,12 @@ func pullModelManifest(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, regOpts *RegistryOptio
 
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json")
-	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "GET", requestURL, headers, nil, regOpts)
+	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodGet, requestURL, headers, nil, regOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("couldn't get manifest: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
-		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("model not found")
-		}
-
-		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("on pull registry responded with code %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
-	}
-
 	var m *ManifestV2
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&m); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1218,59 +1128,52 @@ func GetSHA256Digest(r io.Reader) (string, int64) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", h.Sum(nil)), n
 }
 
-// Function to check if a blob already exists in the Docker registry
-func checkBlobExistence(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, digest string, regOpts *RegistryOptions) (bool, error) {
-	requestURL := mp.BaseURL()
-	requestURL = requestURL.JoinPath("v2", mp.GetNamespaceRepository(), "blobs", digest)
-
-	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "HEAD", requestURL, nil, nil, regOpts)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("couldn't check for blob: %v", err)
-		return false, err
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	// Check for success: If the blob exists, the Docker registry will respond with a 200 OK
-	return resp.StatusCode < http.StatusBadRequest, nil
-}
+var errUnauthorized = fmt.Errorf("unauthorized")
 
 func makeRequestWithRetry(ctx context.Context, method string, requestURL *url.URL, headers http.Header, body io.ReadSeeker, regOpts *RegistryOptions) (*http.Response, error) {
-	var status string
-	for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
-		resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, method, requestURL, headers, body, regOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("couldn't start upload: %v", err)
-			return nil, err
+	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, method, requestURL, headers, body, regOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			log.Printf("request failed: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		status = resp.Status
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
-		switch {
-		case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized:
-			auth := resp.Header.Get("www-authenticate")
-			authRedir := ParseAuthRedirectString(auth)
-			token, err := getAuthToken(ctx, authRedir)
+	switch {
+	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized:
+		// Handle authentication error with one retry
+		auth := resp.Header.Get("www-authenticate")
+		authRedir := ParseAuthRedirectString(auth)
+		token, err := getAuthToken(ctx, authRedir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		regOpts.Token = token
+		if body != nil {
+			_, err = body.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-
-			regOpts.Token = token
-			if body != nil {
-				if _, err := body.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-			}
-
-			continue
-		case resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest:
-			body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("on upload registry responded with code %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
-		default:
-			return resp, nil
 		}
+
+		resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, method, requestURL, headers, body, regOpts)
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			return nil, errUnauthorized
+		}
+
+		return resp, err
+	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound:
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	case resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest:
+		responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d: %s", resp.StatusCode, err)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d: %s", resp.StatusCode, responseBody)
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("max retry exceeded: %v", status)
+	return resp, nil
 }
 
 func makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method string, requestURL *url.URL, headers http.Header, body io.Reader, regOpts *RegistryOptions) (*http.Response, error) {

server/routes.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/llm"
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/parser"
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/version"
 )
 
@@ -158,9 +160,17 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if req.Model == "" {
+	// validate the request
+	switch {
+	case req.Model == "":
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "model is required"})
 		return
+	case len(req.Format) > 0 && req.Format != "json":
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "format must be json"})
+		return
+	case req.Raw && (req.Template != "" || req.System != "" || len(req.Context) > 0):
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "raw mode does not support template, system, or context"})
+		return
 	}
 
 	model, err := GetModel(req.Model)
@@ -189,10 +199,13 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	checkpointLoaded := time.Now()
 
-	prompt, err := model.Prompt(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
+	prompt := req.Prompt
+	if !req.Raw {
+		prompt, err = model.Prompt(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	ch := make(chan any)
@@ -215,10 +228,15 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 				r.LoadDuration = checkpointLoaded.Sub(checkpointStart)
 			}
 
+			if req.Raw {
+				// in raw mode the client must manage history on their own
+				r.Context = nil
+			}
+
 			ch <- r
 		}
 
-		if err := loaded.runner.Predict(c.Request.Context(), req.Context, prompt, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := loaded.runner.Predict(c.Request.Context(), req.Context, prompt, req.Format, fn); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -365,7 +383,9 @@ func PushModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			Insecure: req.Insecure,
 		}
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+
 		if err := PushModel(ctx, req.Name, regOpts, fn); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
@@ -391,8 +411,31 @@ func CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if req.Name == "" || req.Path == "" {
-		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "name and path are required"})
+	if req.Name == "" {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "name is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if req.Path == "" && req.Modelfile == "" {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "path or modelfile are required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var modelfile io.Reader = strings.NewReader(req.Modelfile)
+	if req.Path != "" && req.Modelfile == "" {
+		mf, err := os.Open(req.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("error reading modelfile: %s", err)})
+			return
+		}
+		defer mf.Close()
+
+		modelfile = mf
+	}
+
+	commands, err := parser.Parse(modelfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -406,7 +449,7 @@ func CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
 		defer cancel()
 
-		if err := CreateModel(ctx, req.Name, req.Path, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := CreateModel(ctx, req.Name, filepath.Dir(req.Path), commands, fn); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -607,6 +650,60 @@ func CopyModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
+func HeadBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	path, err := GetBlobsPath(c.Param("digest"))
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("blob %q not found", c.Param("digest"))})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+func CreateBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	targetPath, err := GetBlobsPath(c.Param("digest"))
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	temp, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(targetPath), c.Param("digest")+"-")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	defer temp.Close()
+	defer os.Remove(temp.Name())
+
+	if _, err := io.Copy(temp, io.TeeReader(c.Request.Body, hash)); err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", hash.Sum(nil)) != c.Param("digest") {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "digest does not match body"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := temp.Close(); err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Rename(temp.Name(), targetPath); err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Status(http.StatusCreated)
+}
+
 var defaultAllowOrigins = []string{
 	"localhost",
 	"127.0.0.1",
@@ -666,6 +763,8 @@ func Serve(ln net.Listener, allowOrigins []string) error {
 	r.POST("/api/copy", CopyModelHandler)
 	r.DELETE("/api/delete", DeleteModelHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/show", ShowModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/blobs/:digest", CreateBlobHandler)
+	r.HEAD("/api/blobs/:digest", HeadBlobHandler)
 
 	for _, method := range []string{http.MethodGet, http.MethodHead} {
 		r.Handle(method, "/", func(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -695,7 +794,7 @@ func Serve(ln net.Listener, allowOrigins []string) error {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 		// check compatibility to log warnings
 		if _, err := llm.CheckVRAM(); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Warning: GPU support may not enabled, check you have installed install GPU drivers: %v", err)
+			log.Printf(err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 

server/upload.go

@@ -2,218 +2,397 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/md5"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/jmorganca/ollama/format"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
+var blobUploadManager sync.Map
+
+type blobUpload struct {
+	*Layer
+
+	Total     int64
+	Completed atomic.Int64
+
+	Parts []blobUploadPart
+
+	nextURL chan *url.URL
+
+	context.CancelFunc
+
+	file *os.File
+
+	done       bool
+	err        error
+	references atomic.Int32
+}
+
 const (
-	redirectChunkSize int64 = 1024 * 1024 * 1024
-	regularChunkSize  int64 = 95 * 1024 * 1024
+	numUploadParts          = 64
+	minUploadPartSize int64 = 100 * format.MegaByte
+	maxUploadPartSize int64 = 1000 * format.MegaByte
 )
 
-func startUpload(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, layer *Layer, regOpts *RegistryOptions) (*url.URL, int64, error) {
-	requestURL := mp.BaseURL()
-	requestURL = requestURL.JoinPath("v2", mp.GetNamespaceRepository(), "blobs/uploads/")
-	if layer.From != "" {
+func (b *blobUpload) Prepare(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *RegistryOptions) error {
+	p, err := GetBlobsPath(b.Digest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if b.From != "" {
 		values := requestURL.Query()
-		values.Add("mount", layer.Digest)
-		values.Add("from", layer.From)
+		values.Add("mount", b.Digest)
+		values.Add("from", ParseModelPath(b.From).GetNamespaceRepository())
 		requestURL.RawQuery = values.Encode()
 	}
 
-	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, "POST", requestURL, nil, nil, regOpts)
+	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodPost, requestURL, nil, nil, opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("couldn't start upload: %v", err)
-		return nil, 0, err
+		return err
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	location := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Upload-Location")
-	chunkSize := redirectChunkSize
 	if location == "" {
 		location = resp.Header.Get("Location")
-		chunkSize = regularChunkSize
 	}
 
-	locationURL, err := url.Parse(location)
+	fi, err := os.Stat(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
+		return err
 	}
 
-	return locationURL, chunkSize, nil
+	b.Total = fi.Size()
+
+	// http.StatusCreated indicates a blob has been mounted
+	// ref: https://distribution.github.io/distribution/spec/api/#cross-repository-blob-mount
+	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusCreated {
+		b.Completed.Store(b.Total)
+		b.done = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var size = b.Total / numUploadParts
+	switch {
+	case size < minUploadPartSize:
+		size = minUploadPartSize
+	case size > maxUploadPartSize:
+		size = maxUploadPartSize
+	}
+
+	var offset int64
+	for offset < fi.Size() {
+		if offset+size > fi.Size() {
+			size = fi.Size() - offset
+		}
+
+		// set part.N to the current number of parts
+		b.Parts = append(b.Parts, blobUploadPart{blobUpload: b, N: len(b.Parts), Offset: offset, Size: size})
+		offset += size
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("uploading %s in %d %s part(s)", b.Digest[7:19], len(b.Parts), format.HumanBytes(b.Parts[0].Size))
+
+	requestURL, err = url.Parse(location)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.nextURL = make(chan *url.URL, 1)
+	b.nextURL <- requestURL
+	return nil
 }
 
-func uploadBlob(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, layer *Layer, chunkSize int64, regOpts *RegistryOptions, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
-	// TODO allow resumability
-	// TODO allow canceling uploads via DELETE
+// Run uploads blob parts to the upstream. If the upstream supports redirection, parts will be uploaded
+// in parallel as defined by Prepare. Otherwise, parts will be uploaded serially. Run sets b.err on error.
+func (b *blobUpload) Run(ctx context.Context, opts *RegistryOptions) {
+	defer blobUploadManager.Delete(b.Digest)
+	ctx, b.CancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
-	fp, err := GetBlobsPath(layer.Digest)
+	p, err := GetBlobsPath(b.Digest)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		b.err = err
+		return
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.Open(fp)
+	b.file, err = os.Open(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		b.err = err
+		return
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
+	defer b.file.Close()
 
-	pw := ProgressWriter{
-		status: fmt.Sprintf("uploading %s", layer.Digest),
-		digest: layer.Digest,
-		total:  layer.Size,
-		fn:     fn,
-	}
+	g, inner := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	g.SetLimit(numUploadParts)
+	for i := range b.Parts {
+		part := &b.Parts[i]
+		select {
+		case <-inner.Done():
+		case requestURL := <-b.nextURL:
+			g.Go(func() error {
+				var err error
+				for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
+					err = b.uploadChunk(inner, http.MethodPatch, requestURL, part, opts)
+					switch {
+					case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+						return err
+					case errors.Is(err, errMaxRetriesExceeded):
+						return err
+					case err != nil:
+						part.Reset()
+						sleep := time.Second * time.Duration(math.Pow(2, float64(try)))
+						log.Printf("%s part %d attempt %d failed: %v, retrying in %s", b.Digest[7:19], part.N, try, err, sleep)
+						time.Sleep(sleep)
+						continue
+					}
 
-	for offset := int64(0); offset < layer.Size; {
-		chunk := layer.Size - offset
-		if chunk > chunkSize {
-			chunk = chunkSize
-		}
+					return nil
+				}
 
-		resp, err := uploadBlobChunk(ctx, http.MethodPatch, requestURL, f, offset, chunk, regOpts, &pw)
-		if err != nil {
-			fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-				Status:    fmt.Sprintf("error uploading chunk: %v", err),
-				Digest:    layer.Digest,
-				Total:     layer.Size,
-				Completed: offset,
+				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errMaxRetriesExceeded, err)
 			})
-
-			return err
-		}
-
-		offset += chunk
-		location := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Upload-Location")
-		if location == "" {
-			location = resp.Header.Get("Location")
-		}
-
-		requestURL, err = url.Parse(location)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		b.err = err
+		return
+	}
+
+	requestURL := <-b.nextURL
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	// calculate md5 checksum and add it to the commit request
+	for _, part := range b.Parts {
+		hash := md5.New()
+		if _, err := io.Copy(hash, io.NewSectionReader(b.file, part.Offset, part.Size)); err != nil {
+			b.err = err
+			return
+		}
+
+		sb.Write(hash.Sum(nil))
+	}
+
+	md5sum := md5.Sum([]byte(sb.String()))
+
 	values := requestURL.Query()
-	values.Add("digest", layer.Digest)
+	values.Add("digest", b.Digest)
+	values.Add("etag", fmt.Sprintf("%x-%d", md5sum, len(b.Parts)))
 	requestURL.RawQuery = values.Encode()
 
 	headers := make(http.Header)
 	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 	headers.Set("Content-Length", "0")
 
-	// finish the upload
-	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, "PUT", requestURL, headers, nil, regOpts)
+	for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
+		resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodPut, requestURL, headers, nil, opts)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.err = err
+			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				return
+			}
+
+			sleep := time.Second * time.Duration(math.Pow(2, float64(try)))
+			log.Printf("%s complete upload attempt %d failed: %v, retrying in %s", b.Digest[7:19], try, err, sleep)
+			time.Sleep(sleep)
+			continue
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+		b.err = nil
+		b.done = true
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *blobUpload) uploadChunk(ctx context.Context, method string, requestURL *url.URL, part *blobUploadPart, opts *RegistryOptions) error {
+	headers := make(http.Header)
+	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+	headers.Set("Content-Length", fmt.Sprintf("%d", part.Size))
+
+	if method == http.MethodPatch {
+		headers.Set("X-Redirect-Uploads", "1")
+		headers.Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", part.Offset, part.Offset+part.Size-1))
+	}
+
+	sr := io.NewSectionReader(b.file, part.Offset, part.Size)
+	resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, method, requestURL, headers, io.TeeReader(sr, part), opts)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("couldn't finish upload: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
-		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return fmt.Errorf("on finish upload registry responded with code %d: %v", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func uploadBlobChunk(ctx context.Context, method string, requestURL *url.URL, r io.ReaderAt, offset, limit int64, opts *RegistryOptions, pw *ProgressWriter) (*http.Response, error) {
-	sectionReader := io.NewSectionReader(r, offset, limit)
-
-	headers := make(http.Header)
-	headers.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
-	headers.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(int(limit)))
-	headers.Set("X-Redirect-Uploads", "1")
-
-	if method == http.MethodPatch {
-		headers.Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", offset, offset+sectionReader.Size()-1))
+	location := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Upload-Location")
+	if location == "" {
+		location = resp.Header.Get("Location")
 	}
 
-	for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
-		resp, err := makeRequest(ctx, method, requestURL, headers, io.TeeReader(sectionReader, pw), opts)
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			return nil, err
+	nextURL, err := url.Parse(location)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTemporaryRedirect:
+		b.nextURL <- nextURL
+
+		redirectURL, err := resp.Location()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-		switch {
-		case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTemporaryRedirect:
-			location, err := resp.Location()
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			pw.completed = offset
-			if _, err := uploadBlobChunk(ctx, http.MethodPut, location, r, offset, limit, nil, pw); err != nil {
-				// retry
-				log.Printf("retrying redirected upload: %v", err)
+		// retry uploading to the redirect URL
+		for try := 0; try < maxRetries; try++ {
+			err = b.uploadChunk(ctx, http.MethodPut, redirectURL, part, nil)
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+				return err
+			case errors.Is(err, errMaxRetriesExceeded):
+				return err
+			case err != nil:
+				part.Reset()
+				sleep := time.Second * time.Duration(math.Pow(2, float64(try)))
+				log.Printf("%s part %d attempt %d failed: %v, retrying in %s", b.Digest[7:19], part.N, try, err, sleep)
+				time.Sleep(sleep)
 				continue
 			}
 
-			return resp, nil
-		case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized:
-			auth := resp.Header.Get("www-authenticate")
-			authRedir := ParseAuthRedirectString(auth)
-			token, err := getAuthToken(ctx, authRedir)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			opts.Token = token
-
-			pw.completed = offset
-			sectionReader = io.NewSectionReader(r, offset, limit)
-			continue
-		case resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest:
-			body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("on upload registry responded with code %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+			return nil
 		}
 
-		return resp, nil
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errMaxRetriesExceeded, err)
+
+	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized:
+		auth := resp.Header.Get("www-authenticate")
+		authRedir := ParseAuthRedirectString(auth)
+		token, err := getAuthToken(ctx, authRedir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		opts.Token = token
+		fallthrough
+	case resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest:
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return fmt.Errorf("http status %s: %s", resp.Status, body)
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("max retries exceeded")
+	if method == http.MethodPatch {
+		b.nextURL <- nextURL
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-type ProgressWriter struct {
-	status    string
-	digest    string
-	bucket    int64
-	completed int64
-	total     int64
-	fn        func(api.ProgressResponse)
-	mu        sync.Mutex
+func (b *blobUpload) acquire() {
+	b.references.Add(1)
 }
 
-func (pw *ProgressWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	pw.mu.Lock()
-	defer pw.mu.Unlock()
+func (b *blobUpload) release() {
+	if b.references.Add(-1) == 0 {
+		b.CancelFunc()
+	}
+}
 
-	n := len(b)
-	pw.bucket += int64(n)
+func (b *blobUpload) Wait(ctx context.Context, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
+	b.acquire()
+	defer b.release()
 
-	// throttle status updates to not spam the client
-	if pw.bucket >= 1024*1024 || pw.completed+pw.bucket >= pw.total {
-		pw.completed += pw.bucket
-		pw.fn(api.ProgressResponse{
-			Status:    pw.status,
-			Digest:    pw.digest,
-			Total:     pw.total,
-			Completed: pw.completed,
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+
+		fn(api.ProgressResponse{
+			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s", b.Digest[7:19]),
+			Digest:    b.Digest,
+			Total:     b.Total,
+			Completed: b.Completed.Load(),
 		})
 
-		pw.bucket = 0
+		if b.done || b.err != nil {
+			return b.err
+		}
 	}
+}
 
+type blobUploadPart struct {
+	// N is the part number
+	N       int
+	Offset  int64
+	Size    int64
+	written int64
+	*blobUpload
+}
+
+func (p *blobUploadPart) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n = len(b)
+	p.written += int64(n)
+	p.Completed.Add(int64(n))
 	return n, nil
 }
+
+func (p *blobUploadPart) Reset() {
+	p.Completed.Add(-int64(p.written))
+	p.written = 0
+}
+
+func uploadBlob(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, layer *Layer, opts *RegistryOptions, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
+	requestURL := mp.BaseURL()
+	requestURL = requestURL.JoinPath("v2", mp.GetNamespaceRepository(), "blobs", layer.Digest)
+
+	resp, err := makeRequestWithRetry(ctx, http.MethodHead, requestURL, nil, nil, opts)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
+	default:
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		fn(api.ProgressResponse{
+			Status:    fmt.Sprintf("pushing %s", layer.Digest[7:19]),
+			Digest:    layer.Digest,
+			Total:     layer.Size,
+			Completed: layer.Size,
+		})
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	data, ok := blobUploadManager.LoadOrStore(layer.Digest, &blobUpload{Layer: layer})
+	upload := data.(*blobUpload)
+	if !ok {
+		requestURL := mp.BaseURL()
+		requestURL = requestURL.JoinPath("v2", mp.GetNamespaceRepository(), "blobs/uploads/")
+		if err := upload.Prepare(ctx, requestURL, opts); err != nil {
+			blobUploadManager.Delete(layer.Digest)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		go upload.Run(context.Background(), opts)
+	}
+
+	return upload.Wait(ctx, fn)
+}