Revert "llm(llama): pass rope factors (#5924)" (#5963)

This reverts commit bb46bbcf5e.

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
           security set-keychain-settings -lut 3600 build.keychain
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - name: Build Darwin
         env:
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install ROCm'
         run: |
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install CUDA'
         run: |
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - run: go get
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         rocm-version:
-          - '6.1.1'
+          - '6.1.2'
     runs-on: linux
     container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-20.04:${{ matrix.rocm-version }}
     steps:
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install ROCm'
         run: |
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install CUDA'
         run: |
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: false
       - run: |
           case ${{ matrix.arch }} in
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
+          go-version: "stable"
           cache: true
       - run: |
           case ${{ matrix.arch }} in

Dockerfile

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-ARG GOLANG_VERSION=1.22.1
+ARG GOLANG_VERSION=1.22.5
 ARG CMAKE_VERSION=3.22.1
 # this CUDA_VERSION corresponds with the one specified in docs/gpu.md
 ARG CUDA_VERSION=11.3.1
-ARG ROCM_VERSION=6.1.1
+ARG ROCM_VERSION=6.1.2
 
 # Copy the minimal context we need to run the generate scripts
 FROM scratch AS llm-code

README.md

@@ -293,6 +293,10 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [OllamaSpring](https://github.com/CrazyNeil/OllamaSpring) (Ollama Client for macOS)
 - [LLocal.in](https://github.com/kartikm7/llocal) (Easy to use Electron Desktop Client for Ollama)
 - [Ollama with Google Mesop](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_mesop/) (Mesop Chat Client implementation with Ollama)
+- [Kerlig AI](https://www.kerlig.com/) (AI writing assistant for macOS)
+- [AI Studio](https://github.com/MindWorkAI/AI-Studio)
+- [Sidellama](https://github.com/gyopak/sidellama) (browser-based LLM client)
+- [LLMStack](https://github.com/trypromptly/LLMStack) (No-code multi-agent framework to build LLM agents and workflows)
 
 ### Terminal
 

api/client.go

@@ -347,7 +347,16 @@ func (c *Client) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Embeddings generates embeddings from a model.
+// Embed generates embeddings from a model.
+func (c *Client) Embed(ctx context.Context, req *EmbedRequest) (*EmbedResponse, error) {
+	var resp EmbedResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+// Embeddings generates an embedding from a model.
 func (c *Client) Embeddings(ctx context.Context, req *EmbeddingRequest) (*EmbeddingResponse, error) {
 	var resp EmbeddingResponse
 	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/embeddings", req, &resp); err != nil {

api/types.go

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ type GenerateRequest struct {
 	// Prompt is the textual prompt to send to the model.
 	Prompt string `json:"prompt"`
 
+	// Suffix is the text that comes after the inserted text.
+	Suffix string `json:"suffix"`
+
 	// System overrides the model's default system message/prompt.
 	System string `json:"system"`
 
@@ -97,17 +100,80 @@ type ChatRequest struct {
 	// followin the request.
 	KeepAlive *Duration `json:"keep_alive,omitempty"`
 
+	// Tools is an optional list of tools the model has access to.
+	Tools `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+
 	// Options lists model-specific options.
 	Options map[string]interface{} `json:"options"`
 }
 
+type Tools []Tool
+
+func (t Tools) String() string {
+	bts, _ := json.Marshal(t)
+	return string(bts)
+}
+
 // Message is a single message in a chat sequence. The message contains the
 // role ("system", "user", or "assistant"), the content and an optional list
 // of images.
 type Message struct {
-	Role    string      `json:"role"`
-	Content string      `json:"content"`
-	Images  []ImageData `json:"images,omitempty"`
+	Role      string      `json:"role"`
+	Content   string      `json:"content"`
+	Images    []ImageData `json:"images,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls []ToolCall  `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *Message) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
+	type Alias Message
+	var a Alias
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &a); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*m = Message(a)
+	m.Role = strings.ToLower(m.Role)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type ToolCall struct {
+	Function ToolCallFunction `json:"function"`
+}
+
+type ToolCallFunction struct {
+	Name      string                    `json:"name"`
+	Arguments ToolCallFunctionArguments `json:"arguments"`
+}
+
+type ToolCallFunctionArguments map[string]any
+
+func (t *ToolCallFunctionArguments) String() string {
+	bts, _ := json.Marshal(t)
+	return string(bts)
+}
+
+type Tool struct {
+	Type     string       `json:"type"`
+	Function ToolFunction `json:"function"`
+}
+
+type ToolFunction struct {
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+	Parameters  struct {
+		Type       string   `json:"type"`
+		Required   []string `json:"required"`
+		Properties map[string]struct {
+			Type        string   `json:"type"`
+			Description string   `json:"description"`
+			Enum        []string `json:"enum,omitempty"`
+		} `json:"properties"`
+	} `json:"parameters"`
+}
+
+func (t *ToolFunction) String() string {
+	bts, _ := json.Marshal(t)
+	return string(bts)
 }
 
 // ChatResponse is the response returned by [Client.Chat]. Its fields are
@@ -173,6 +239,30 @@ type Runner struct {
 	NumThread int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// EmbedRequest is the request passed to [Client.Embed].
+type EmbedRequest struct {
+	// Model is the model name.
+	Model string `json:"model"`
+
+	// Input is the input to embed.
+	Input any `json:"input"`
+
+	// KeepAlive controls how long the model will stay loaded in memory following
+	// this request.
+	KeepAlive *Duration `json:"keep_alive,omitempty"`
+
+	Truncate *bool `json:"truncate,omitempty"`
+
+	// Options lists model-specific options.
+	Options map[string]interface{} `json:"options"`
+}
+
+// EmbedResponse is the response from [Client.Embed].
+type EmbedResponse struct {
+	Model      string      `json:"model"`
+	Embeddings [][]float32 `json:"embeddings"`
+}
+
 // EmbeddingRequest is the request passed to [Client.Embeddings].
 type EmbeddingRequest struct {
 	// Model is the model name.
@@ -219,8 +309,10 @@ type DeleteRequest struct {
 
 // ShowRequest is the request passed to [Client.Show].
 type ShowRequest struct {
-	Model    string `json:"model"`
-	System   string `json:"system"`
+	Model  string `json:"model"`
+	System string `json:"system"`
+
+	// Template is deprecated
 	Template string `json:"template"`
 	Verbose  bool   `json:"verbose"`
 

api/types_test.go

@@ -208,3 +208,26 @@ func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMessage_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{`{"role": "USER", "content": "Hello!"}`, "user"},
+		{`{"role": "System", "content": "Initialization complete."}`, "system"},
+		{`{"role": "assistant", "content": "How can I help you?"}`, "assistant"},
+		{`{"role": "TOOl", "content": "Access granted."}`, "tool"},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		var msg Message
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(test.input), &msg); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if msg.Role != test.expected {
+			t.Errorf("role not lowercased: got %v, expected %v", msg.Role, test.expected)
+		}
+	}
+}

app/ollama.iss

@@ -127,6 +127,10 @@ Type: filesandordirs; Name: "{%USERPROFILE}\.ollama\models"
 Type: filesandordirs; Name: "{%USERPROFILE}\.ollama\history"
 ; NOTE: if the user has a custom OLLAMA_MODELS it will be preserved
 
+[InstallDelete]
+Type: filesandordirs; Name: "{%TEMP}\ollama*"
+Type: filesandordirs; Name: "{%LOCALAPPDATA}\Programs\Ollama"
+
 [Messages]
 WizardReady=Ollama Windows Preview
 ReadyLabel1=%nLet's get you up and running with your own large language models.

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -843,7 +843,6 @@ type runOptions struct {
 	WordWrap    bool
 	Format      string
 	System      string
-	Template    string
 	Images      []api.ImageData
 	Options     map[string]interface{}
 	MultiModal  bool
@@ -1037,7 +1036,6 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 		Images:    opts.Images,
 		Format:    opts.Format,
 		System:    opts.System,
-		Template:  opts.Template,
 		Options:   opts.Options,
 		KeepAlive: opts.KeepAlive,
 	}
@@ -1346,7 +1344,6 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 				envVars["OLLAMA_TMPDIR"],
 				envVars["OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION"],
 				envVars["OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY"],
-				envVars["OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM"],
 			})
 		default:
 			appendEnvDocs(cmd, envs)

cmd/interactive.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ const (
 	MultilineNone MultilineState = iota
 	MultilinePrompt
 	MultilineSystem
-	MultilineTemplate
 )
 
 func loadModel(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *runOptions) error {
@@ -94,7 +93,6 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Available Commands:")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set parameter ...     Set a parameter")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set system <string>   Set system message")
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set template <string> Set prompt template")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set history           Enable history")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set nohistory         Disable history")
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  /set wordwrap          Enable wordwrap")
@@ -204,10 +202,6 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 				opts.Messages = append(opts.Messages, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: opts.System})
 				fmt.Println("Set system message.")
 				sb.Reset()
-			case MultilineTemplate:
-				opts.Template = sb.String()
-				fmt.Println("Set prompt template.")
-				sb.Reset()
 			}
 
 			multiline = MultilineNone
@@ -326,17 +320,13 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 					}
 					fmt.Printf("Set parameter '%s' to '%s'\n", args[2], strings.Join(params, ", "))
 					opts.Options[args[2]] = fp[args[2]]
-				case "system", "template":
+				case "system":
 					if len(args) < 3 {
 						usageSet()
 						continue
 					}
 
-					if args[1] == "system" {
-						multiline = MultilineSystem
-					} else if args[1] == "template" {
-						multiline = MultilineTemplate
-					}
+					multiline = MultilineSystem
 
 					line := strings.Join(args[2:], " ")
 					line, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, `"""`)
@@ -356,23 +346,17 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 						continue
 					}
 
-					if args[1] == "system" {
-						opts.System = sb.String() // for display in modelfile
-						newMessage := api.Message{Role: "system", Content: sb.String()}
-						// Check if the slice is not empty and the last message is from 'system'
-						if len(opts.Messages) > 0 && opts.Messages[len(opts.Messages)-1].Role == "system" {
-							// Replace the last message
-							opts.Messages[len(opts.Messages)-1] = newMessage
-						} else {
-							opts.Messages = append(opts.Messages, newMessage)
-						}
-						fmt.Println("Set system message.")
-						sb.Reset()
-					} else if args[1] == "template" {
-						opts.Template = sb.String()
-						fmt.Println("Set prompt template.")
-						sb.Reset()
+					opts.System = sb.String() // for display in modelfile
+					newMessage := api.Message{Role: "system", Content: sb.String()}
+					// Check if the slice is not empty and the last message is from 'system'
+					if len(opts.Messages) > 0 && opts.Messages[len(opts.Messages)-1].Role == "system" {
+						// Replace the last message
+						opts.Messages[len(opts.Messages)-1] = newMessage
+					} else {
+						opts.Messages = append(opts.Messages, newMessage)
 					}
+					fmt.Println("Set system message.")
+					sb.Reset()
 
 					sb.Reset()
 					continue
@@ -393,7 +377,6 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 				req := &api.ShowRequest{
 					Name:     opts.Model,
 					System:   opts.System,
-					Template: opts.Template,
 					Options:  opts.Options,
 				}
 				resp, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), req)
@@ -437,12 +420,9 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 						fmt.Println("No system message was specified for this model.")
 					}
 				case "template":
-					switch {
-					case opts.Template != "":
-						fmt.Println(opts.Template + "\n")
-					case resp.Template != "":
+					if resp.Template != "" {
 						fmt.Println(resp.Template)
-					default:
+					} else {
 						fmt.Println("No prompt template was specified for this model.")
 					}
 				default:
@@ -536,10 +516,6 @@ func buildModelfile(opts runOptions) string {
 		fmt.Fprintf(&mf, "SYSTEM \"\"\"%s\"\"\"\n", opts.System)
 	}
 
-	if opts.Template != "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(&mf, "TEMPLATE \"\"\"%s\"\"\"\n", opts.Template)
-	}
-
 	keys := make([]string, 0)
 	for k := range opts.Options {
 		keys = append(keys, k)

cmd/interactive_test.go

@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ func TestModelfileBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 	opts := runOptions{
 		Model:    "hork",
 		System:   "You are part horse and part shark, but all hork. Do horklike things",
-		Template: "This is a template.",
 		Messages: []api.Message{
 			{Role: "user", Content: "Hey there hork!"},
 			{Role: "assistant", Content: "Yes it is true, I am half horse, half shark."},
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ func TestModelfileBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 	mf := buildModelfile(opts)
 	expectedModelfile := `FROM {{.Model}}
 SYSTEM """{{.System}}"""
-TEMPLATE """{{.Template}}"""
 PARAMETER penalize_newline false
 PARAMETER seed 42
 PARAMETER stop [hi there]
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ MESSAGE assistant """Yes it is true, I am half horse, half shark."""
 	mf = buildModelfile(opts)
 	expectedModelfile = `FROM {{.ParentModel}}
 SYSTEM """{{.System}}"""
-TEMPLATE """{{.Template}}"""
 PARAMETER penalize_newline false
 PARAMETER seed 42
 PARAMETER stop [hi there]

convert/mistral.go

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ func (m *MistralModel) WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
 	}
 
+	if m.Params.HeadDimension > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.key_length"] = uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension)
+		kv["llama.attention.value_length"] = uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension)
+	}
+
 	return llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder).Encode(ws, kv, m.Tensors)
 }
 

docs/api.md

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ If `stream` is set to `false`, then the response is a single JSON object:
 ## Generate Embeddings
 
 ```shell
-POST /api/embeddings
+POST /api/embed
 ```
 
 Generate embeddings from a model
@@ -1034,10 +1034,11 @@ Generate embeddings from a model
 ### Parameters
 
 - `model`: name of model to generate embeddings from
-- `prompt`: text to generate embeddings for
+- `input`: text or list of text to generate embeddings for
 
 Advanced parameters:
 
+- `truncate`: truncates the end of each input to fit within context length. Returns error if `false` and context length is exceeded. Defaults to `true`
 - `options`: additional model parameters listed in the documentation for the [Modelfile](./modelfile.md#valid-parameters-and-values) such as `temperature`
 - `keep_alive`: controls how long the model will stay loaded into memory following the request (default: `5m`)
 
@@ -1046,9 +1047,9 @@ Advanced parameters:
 #### Request
 
 ```shell
-curl http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings -d '{
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/embed -d '{
   "model": "all-minilm",
-  "prompt": "Here is an article about llamas..."
+  "input": "Why is the sky blue?"
 }'
 ```
 
@@ -1056,10 +1057,35 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings -d '{
 
 ```json
 {
-  "embedding": [
-    0.5670403838157654, 0.009260174818336964, 0.23178744316101074, -0.2916173040866852, -0.8924556970596313,
-    0.8785552978515625, -0.34576427936553955, 0.5742510557174683, -0.04222835972905159, -0.137906014919281
-  ]
+  "model": "all-minilm",
+  "embeddings": [[
+    0.010071029, -0.0017594862, 0.05007221, 0.04692972, 0.054916814,
+    0.008599704, 0.105441414, -0.025878139, 0.12958129, 0.031952348
+  ]]
+}
+```
+
+#### Request (Multiple input)
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/embed -d '{
+  "model": "all-minilm",
+  "input": ["Why is the sky blue?", "Why is the grass green?"]
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "model": "all-minilm",
+  "embeddings": [[
+    0.010071029, -0.0017594862, 0.05007221, 0.04692972, 0.054916814,
+    0.008599704, 0.105441414, -0.025878139, 0.12958129, 0.031952348
+  ],[
+    -0.0098027075, 0.06042469, 0.025257962, -0.006364387, 0.07272725,
+    0.017194884, 0.09032035, -0.051705178, 0.09951512, 0.09072481
+  ]]
 }
 ```
 
@@ -1106,3 +1132,45 @@ A single JSON object will be returned.
   ]
 }
 ```
+
+## Generate Embedding
+
+> Note: this endpoint has been superseded by `/api/embed`
+
+```shell
+POST /api/embeddings
+```
+
+Generate embeddings from a model
+
+### Parameters
+
+- `model`: name of model to generate embeddings from
+- `prompt`: text to generate embeddings for
+
+Advanced parameters:
+
+- `options`: additional model parameters listed in the documentation for the [Modelfile](./modelfile.md#valid-parameters-and-values) such as `temperature`
+- `keep_alive`: controls how long the model will stay loaded into memory following the request (default: `5m`)
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Request
+
+```shell
+curl http://localhost:11434/api/embeddings -d '{
+  "model": "all-minilm",
+  "prompt": "Here is an article about llamas..."
+}'
+```
+
+#### Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "embedding": [
+    0.5670403838157654, 0.009260174818336964, 0.23178744316101074, -0.2916173040866852, -0.8924556970596313,
+    0.8785552978515625, -0.34576427936553955, 0.5742510557174683, -0.04222835972905159, -0.137906014919281
+  ]
+}
+```

docs/gpu.md

@@ -46,13 +46,24 @@ sudo modprobe nvidia_uvm`
 
 ## AMD Radeon
 Ollama supports the following AMD GPUs:
+
+### Linux Support
 | Family         | Cards and accelerators                                                                                                               |
 | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | AMD Radeon RX  | `7900 XTX` `7900 XT` `7900 GRE` `7800 XT` `7700 XT` `7600 XT` `7600` `6950 XT` `6900 XTX` `6900XT` `6800 XT` `6800` `Vega 64` `Vega 56`    |
 | AMD Radeon PRO | `W7900` `W7800` `W7700` `W7600` `W7500` `W6900X` `W6800X Duo` `W6800X` `W6800` `V620` `V420` `V340` `V320` `Vega II Duo` `Vega II` `VII` `SSG` |
 | AMD Instinct   | `MI300X` `MI300A` `MI300` `MI250X` `MI250` `MI210` `MI200` `MI100` `MI60` `MI50`                                                               |
 
-### Overrides
+### Windows Support
+With ROCm v6.1, the following GPUs are supported on Windows.
+
+| Family         | Cards and accelerators                                                                                                               |
+| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| AMD Radeon RX  | `7900 XTX` `7900 XT` `7900 GRE` `7800 XT` `7700 XT` `7600 XT` `7600` `6950 XT` `6900 XTX` `6900XT` `6800 XT` `6800`    |
+| AMD Radeon PRO | `W7900` `W7800` `W7700` `W7600` `W7500` `W6900X` `W6800X Duo` `W6800X` `W6800` `V620` |
+
+
+### Overrides on Linux
 Ollama leverages the AMD ROCm library, which does not support all AMD GPUs. In
 some cases you can force the system to try to use a similar LLVM target that is
 close.  For example The Radeon RX 5400 is `gfx1034` (also known as 10.3.4)
@@ -63,7 +74,7 @@ would set `HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION="10.3.0"` as an environment variable for the
 server.  If you have an unsupported AMD GPU you can experiment using the list of
 supported types below.
 
-At this time, the known supported GPU types are the following LLVM Targets.
+At this time, the known supported GPU types on linux are the following LLVM Targets.
 This table shows some example GPUs that map to these LLVM targets:
 | **LLVM Target** | **An Example GPU** |
 |-----------------|---------------------|

docs/openai.md

@@ -103,10 +103,6 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/v1/chat/completions \
 - [ ] `user`
 - [ ] `n`
 
-#### Notes
-
-- `usage.prompt_tokens` will be 0 for completions where prompt evaluation is cached
-
 ## Models
 
 Before using a model, pull it locally `ollama pull`:

envconfig/config.go

@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ var (
 	MaxRunners int
 	// Set via OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE in the environment
 	MaxQueuedRequests int
-	// Set via OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM in the environment
-	MaxVRAM uint64
 	// Set via OLLAMA_MODELS in the environment
 	ModelsDir string
 	// Set via OLLAMA_NOHISTORY in the environment
@@ -89,7 +87,6 @@ func AsMap() map[string]EnvVar {
 		"OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY":       {"OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY", LLMLibrary, "Set LLM library to bypass autodetection"},
 		"OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS": {"OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS", MaxRunners, "Maximum number of loaded models per GPU"},
 		"OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE":         {"OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE", MaxQueuedRequests, "Maximum number of queued requests"},
-		"OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM":          {"OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM", MaxVRAM, "Maximum VRAM"},
 		"OLLAMA_MODELS":            {"OLLAMA_MODELS", ModelsDir, "The path to the models directory"},
 		"OLLAMA_NOHISTORY":         {"OLLAMA_NOHISTORY", NoHistory, "Do not preserve readline history"},
 		"OLLAMA_NOPRUNE":           {"OLLAMA_NOPRUNE", NoPrune, "Do not prune model blobs on startup"},
@@ -194,16 +191,6 @@ func LoadConfig() {
 
 	TmpDir = clean("OLLAMA_TMPDIR")
 
-	userLimit := clean("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
-	if userLimit != "" {
-		avail, err := strconv.ParseUint(userLimit, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error("invalid setting, ignoring", "OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM", userLimit, "error", err)
-		} else {
-			MaxVRAM = avail
-		}
-	}
-
 	LLMLibrary = clean("OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY")
 
 	if onp := clean("OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL"); onp != "" {

gpu/amd_hip_windows.go

@@ -33,9 +33,10 @@ type HipLib struct {
 }
 
 func NewHipLib() (*HipLib, error) {
-	h, err := windows.LoadLibrary("amdhip64.dll")
+	// At runtime we depend on v6, so discover GPUs with the same library for a consistent set of GPUs
+	h, err := windows.LoadLibrary("amdhip64_6.dll")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load amdhip64.dll: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to load amdhip64_6.dll, please make sure to upgrade to the latest amd driver: %w", err)
 	}
 	hl := &HipLib{}
 	hl.dll = h

gpu/amd_windows.go

@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ func AMDGetGPUInfo() []RocmGPUInfo {
 			continue
 		}
 		if gfxOverride == "" {
-			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, gfx) {
+			// Strip off Target Features when comparing
+			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, strings.Split(gfx, ":")[0]) {
 				slog.Warn("amdgpu is not supported", "gpu", i, "gpu_type", gfx, "library", libDir, "supported_types", supported)
 				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
 				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")

gpu/gpu.go

@@ -360,14 +360,17 @@ func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
 					"before",
 					"total", format.HumanBytes2(cpus[0].TotalMemory),
 					"free", format.HumanBytes2(cpus[0].FreeMemory),
+					"free_swap", format.HumanBytes2(cpus[0].FreeSwap),
 				),
 				slog.Group(
 					"now",
 					"total", format.HumanBytes2(mem.TotalMemory),
 					"free", format.HumanBytes2(mem.FreeMemory),
+					"free_swap", format.HumanBytes2(mem.FreeSwap),
 				),
 			)
 			cpus[0].FreeMemory = mem.FreeMemory
+			cpus[0].FreeSwap = mem.FreeSwap
 		}
 
 		var memInfo C.mem_info_t

gpu/gpu_darwin.go

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	return memInfo{
 		TotalMemory: uint64(C.getPhysicalMemory()),
 		FreeMemory:  uint64(C.getFreeMemory()),
+		// FreeSwap omitted as Darwin uses dynamic paging
 	}, nil
 }
 

gpu/gpu_linux.go

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ var OneapiMgmtName = "libze_intel_gpu.so"
 
 func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	var mem memInfo
-	var total, available, free, buffers, cached uint64
+	var total, available, free, buffers, cached, freeSwap uint64
 	f, err := os.Open("/proc/meminfo")
 	if err != nil {
 		return mem, err
@@ -70,20 +70,21 @@ func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 			_, err = fmt.Sscanf(line, "Buffers:%d", &buffers)
 		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "Cached:"):
 			_, err = fmt.Sscanf(line, "Cached:%d", &cached)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "SwapFree:"):
+			_, err = fmt.Sscanf(line, "SwapFree:%d", &freeSwap)
 		default:
 			continue
 		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return mem, err
 		}
-
-		if total > 0 && available > 0 {
-			mem.TotalMemory = total * format.KibiByte
-			mem.FreeMemory = available * format.KibiByte
-			return mem, nil
-		}
 	}
 	mem.TotalMemory = total * format.KibiByte
-	mem.FreeMemory = (free + buffers + cached) * format.KibiByte
+	mem.FreeSwap = freeSwap * format.KibiByte
+	if available > 0 {
+		mem.FreeMemory = available * format.KibiByte
+	} else {
+		mem.FreeMemory = (free + buffers + cached) * format.KibiByte
+	}
 	return mem, nil
 }

gpu/gpu_windows.go

@@ -51,5 +51,5 @@ func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	if r1 == 0 {
 		return memInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("GlobalMemoryStatusEx failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	return memInfo{TotalMemory: memStatus.TotalPhys, FreeMemory: memStatus.AvailPhys}, nil
+	return memInfo{TotalMemory: memStatus.TotalPhys, FreeMemory: memStatus.AvailPhys, FreeSwap: memStatus.AvailPageFile}, nil
 }

gpu/types.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 type memInfo struct {
 	TotalMemory uint64 `json:"total_memory,omitempty"`
 	FreeMemory  uint64 `json:"free_memory,omitempty"`
+	FreeSwap    uint64 `json:"free_swap,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Beginning of an `ollama info` command

integration/concurrency_test.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredictOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
 	reqLimit := len(req)
 	iterLimit := 5
 
-	vram := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
+	vram := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM") // TODO - discover actual VRAM
 	if vram != "" {
 		max, err := strconv.ParseUint(vram, 10, 64)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredictOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Stress the system if we know how much VRAM it has, and attempt to load more models than will fit
 func TestMultiModelStress(t *testing.T) {
-	vram := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
+	vram := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM") // TODO - discover actual VRAM
 	if vram == "" {
 		t.Skip("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM not specified, can't pick the right models for the stress test")
 	}

integration/context_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestContextExhaustion(t *testing.T) {
 	// Longer needed for small footprint GPUs
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 6*time.Minute)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 	// Set up the test data
 	req := api.GenerateRequest{
@@ -25,5 +25,10 @@ func TestContextExhaustion(t *testing.T) {
 			"num_ctx":     128,
 		},
 	}
-	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req, []string{"once", "upon", "lived"})
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PullIfMissing failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req, []string{"once", "upon", "lived"}, 120*time.Second, 10*time.Second)
 }

integration/embed_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func floatsEqual32(a, b float32) bool {
+	return math.Abs(float64(a-b)) <= 1e-4
+}
+
+func floatsEqual64(a, b float64) bool {
+	return math.Abs(a-b) <= 1e-4
+}
+
+func TestAllMiniLMEmbeddings(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req := api.EmbeddingRequest{
+		Model:  "all-minilm",
+		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
+	}
+
+	res, err := embeddingTestHelper(ctx, t, req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Embedding) != 384 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 384 floats, got %d", len(res.Embedding))
+	}
+
+	if !floatsEqual64(res.Embedding[0], 0.06642947345972061) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0.06642947345972061, got %.16f", res.Embedding[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllMiniLMEmbed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req := api.EmbedRequest{
+		Model: "all-minilm",
+		Input: "why is the sky blue?",
+	}
+
+	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Embeddings) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 embedding, got %d", len(res.Embeddings))
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Embeddings[0]) != 384 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 384 floats, got %d", len(res.Embeddings[0]))
+	}
+
+	if !floatsEqual32(res.Embeddings[0][0], 0.010071031) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0.010071031, got %.8f", res.Embeddings[0][0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllMiniLMBatchEmbed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req := api.EmbedRequest{
+		Model: "all-minilm",
+		Input: []string{"why is the sky blue?", "why is the grass green?"},
+	}
+
+	res, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Embeddings) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 embeddings, got %d", len(res.Embeddings))
+	}
+
+	if len(res.Embeddings[0]) != 384 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 384 floats, got %d", len(res.Embeddings[0]))
+	}
+
+	if !floatsEqual32(res.Embeddings[0][0], 0.010071031) || !floatsEqual32(res.Embeddings[1][0], -0.009802706) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0.010071031 and -0.009802706, got %.8f and %.8f", res.Embeddings[0][0], res.Embeddings[1][0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllMiniLMEmbedTruncate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	truncTrue, truncFalse := true, false
+
+	type testReq struct {
+		Name    string
+		Request api.EmbedRequest
+	}
+
+	reqs := []testReq{
+		{
+			Name: "Target Truncation",
+			Request: api.EmbedRequest{
+				Model: "all-minilm",
+				Input: "why",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "Default Truncate",
+			Request: api.EmbedRequest{
+				Model:   "all-minilm",
+				Input:   "why is the sky blue?",
+				Options: map[string]any{"num_ctx": 1},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "Explicit Truncate",
+			Request: api.EmbedRequest{
+				Model:    "all-minilm",
+				Input:    "why is the sky blue?",
+				Truncate: &truncTrue,
+				Options:  map[string]any{"num_ctx": 1},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	res := make(map[string]*api.EmbedResponse)
+
+	for _, req := range reqs {
+		response, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, req.Request)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
+		}
+		res[req.Name] = response
+	}
+
+	if res["Target Truncation"].Embeddings[0][0] != res["Default Truncate"].Embeddings[0][0] {
+		t.Fatal("expected default request to truncate correctly")
+	}
+
+	if res["Default Truncate"].Embeddings[0][0] != res["Explicit Truncate"].Embeddings[0][0] {
+		t.Fatal("expected default request and truncate true request to be the same")
+	}
+
+	// check that truncate set to false returns an error if context length is exceeded
+	_, err := embedTestHelper(ctx, t, api.EmbedRequest{
+		Model:    "all-minilm",
+		Input:    "why is the sky blue?",
+		Truncate: &truncFalse,
+		Options:  map[string]any{"num_ctx": 1},
+	})
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func embeddingTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, req api.EmbeddingRequest) (*api.EmbeddingResponse, error) {
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to pull model %s: %v", req.Model, err)
+	}
+
+	response, err := client.Embeddings(ctx, &req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func embedTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, req api.EmbedRequest) (*api.EmbedResponse, error) {
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, req.Model); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to pull model %s: %v", req.Model, err)
+	}
+
+	response, err := client.Embed(ctx, &req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return response, nil
+}

llm/ext_server/server.cpp

@@ -3188,26 +3188,33 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                     prompt = "";
                 }
 
-                json image_data;
-                if (body.count("image_data") != 0) {
-                    image_data = body["image_data"];
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    image_data = "";
+                if (prompt.size() == 1) {
+                    prompt = prompt[0];
                 }
 
                 // create and queue the task
-                const int task_id = llama.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-                llama.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
-                llama.request_completion(task_id, { {"prompt", prompt}, { "n_predict", 0}, {"image_data", image_data} }, true, -1);
+                json responses;
+                {
+                    const int id_task = llama.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+                    llama.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(id_task);
+                    llama.request_completion(id_task, {{"prompt", prompt}}, true, -1);
 
-                // get the result
-                task_result result = llama.queue_results.recv(task_id);
-                llama.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+                    // get the result
+                    task_result result = llama.queue_results.recv(id_task);
+                    llama.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(id_task);
+                    if (result.error) {
+                        return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
+                    }
 
-                // send the result
-                return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
+                    responses = result.result_json.value("results", std::vector<json>{result.result_json});
+                    json embeddings = json::array();
+                    for (auto & elem : responses) {
+                        embeddings.push_back(elem.at("embedding"));
+                    }
+                    // send the result
+                    json embedding_res = json{{"embedding", embeddings}};
+                    return res.set_content(embedding_res.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
+                }
             });
 
     // GG: if I put the main loop inside a thread, it crashes on the first request when build in Debug!?

llm/generate/gen_windows.ps1

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ function amdGPUs {
         return $env:AMDGPU_TARGETS
     }
     # Current supported rocblas list from ROCm v6.1.2 on windows
+    # https://rocm.docs.amd.com/projects/install-on-windows/en/latest/reference/system-requirements.html#windows-supported-gpus
     $GPU_LIST = @(
-        "gfx906:xnack-"
         "gfx1030"
         "gfx1100"
         "gfx1101"

llm/gguf.go

@@ -537,6 +537,7 @@ var ggufKVOrder = map[string][]string{
 		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token",
 		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token",
 		"tokenizer.chat_template",
+		"bert.pooling_type",
 	},
 }
 

llm/llm.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func Quantize(infile, outfile string, ftype fileType) error {
 	params.ftype = ftype.Value()
 
 	if rc := C.llama_model_quantize(cinfile, coutfile, &params); rc != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("llama_model_quantize: %d", rc)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to quantize model. This model architecture may not be supported, or you may need to upgrade Ollama to the latest version")
 	}
 
 	return nil

llm/patches/05-default-pretokenizer.diff

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
-index 2b9ace28..172640e2 100644
+index 8fe51971..7113ba64 100644
 --- a/src/llama.cpp
 +++ b/src/llama.cpp
-@@ -5357,16 +5357,7 @@ static void llm_load_vocab(
+@@ -5433,16 +5433,7 @@ static void llm_load_vocab(
          if (vocab.type == LLAMA_VOCAB_TYPE_BPE) {
              vocab.tokenizer_add_space_prefix = false;
              vocab.tokenizer_clean_spaces = true;
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ index 2b9ace28..172640e2 100644
                  vocab.type_pre = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_DEFAULT;
              } else if (
                      tokenizer_pre == "llama3"   ||
-@@ -5439,7 +5430,8 @@ static void llm_load_vocab(
-                 tokenizer_pre == "jais") {
-                 vocab.type_pre = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_JAIS;
+@@ -5526,7 +5517,8 @@ static void llm_load_vocab(
+                 vocab.type_pre = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_SMOLLM;
+                 vocab.tokenizer_clean_spaces = false;
              } else {
 -                throw std::runtime_error(format("unknown pre-tokenizer type: '%s'", tokenizer_pre.c_str()));
 +                LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: missing or unrecognized pre-tokenizer type, using: 'default'\n", __func__);

llm/patches/06-qwen2.diff

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
-index 40d2ec2c..f34eb79a 100644
---- a/src/llama.cpp
-+++ b/src/llama.cpp
-@@ -6943,7 +6943,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llm_build_kqv(
-         struct ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, k, q);
-         cb(kq, "kq", il);
- 
--        if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI2 || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI3 || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX) {
-+        if (model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI2 || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_PHI3 || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_GPTNEOX || model.arch == LLM_ARCH_QWEN2) {
-             // for this arch, we need to perform the KQ multiplication with F32 precision, otherwise we get NaNs
-             // ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4490#issuecomment-1859055847
-             ggml_mul_mat_set_prec(kq, GGML_PREC_F32);

llm/patches/09-lora.diff

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+diff --git a/common/common.cpp b/common/common.cpp
+index dbb724fb..c26fe6ee 100644
+--- a/common/common.cpp
++++ b/common/common.cpp
+@@ -2087,14 +2087,29 @@ std::tuple<struct llama_model *, struct llama_context *> llama_init_from_gpt_par
+     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < params.lora_adapter.size(); ++i) {
+         const std::string & lora_adapter = std::get<0>(params.lora_adapter[i]);
+         float lora_scale = std::get<1>(params.lora_adapter[i]);
++
++        // try to load as gguf
+         auto adapter = llama_lora_adapter_init(model, lora_adapter.c_str());
+         if (adapter == nullptr) {
+-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter\n", __func__);
+-            llama_free(lctx);
+-            llama_free_model(model);
+-            return std::make_tuple(nullptr, nullptr);
++            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter, trying ggla\n", __func__);
++
++            // if that fails, try loading as ggla for compatibility
++            int err = llama_model_apply_lora_from_file(model,
++                                                    lora_adapter.c_str(),
++                                                    lora_scale,
++                                                    ((i > 0) || params.lora_base.empty())
++                                                        ? NULL
++                                                        : params.lora_base.c_str(),
++                                                    params.n_threads);
++            if (err != 0) {
++                fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter\n", __func__);
++                llama_free(lctx);
++                llama_free_model(model);
++                return std::make_tuple(nullptr, nullptr);
++            }
++        } else {
++            llama_lora_adapter_set(lctx, adapter, lora_scale);
+         }
+-        llama_lora_adapter_set(lctx, adapter, lora_scale);
+     }
+ 
+     if (params.ignore_eos) {
+diff --git a/include/llama.h b/include/llama.h
+index 93fd77ca..b0fb37a6 100644
+--- a/include/llama.h
++++ b/include/llama.h
+@@ -1160,6 +1160,20 @@ extern "C" {
+ 
+     LLAMA_API void llama_dump_timing_info_yaml(FILE * stream, const struct llama_context * ctx);
+ 
++    // Apply a LoRA adapter to a loaded model
++    // path_base_model is the path to a higher quality model to use as a base for
++    // the layers modified by the adapter. Can be NULL to use the current loaded model.
++    // The model needs to be reloaded before applying a new adapter, otherwise the adapter
++    // will be applied on top of the previous one
++    // Returns 0 on success
++    LLAMA_API int32_t llama_model_apply_lora_from_file(
++            const struct llama_model * model,
++                            const char * path_lora,
++                                float   scale,
++                            const char * path_base_model,
++                                int32_t   n_threads);
++
++
+ #ifdef __cplusplus
+ }
+ #endif
+diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
+index 80a0dd0f..9d7b0e17 100644
+--- a/src/llama.cpp
++++ b/src/llama.cpp
+@@ -21880,3 +21880,290 @@ static void llama_log_callback_default(ggml_log_level level, const char * text,
+     fputs(text, stderr);
+     fflush(stderr);
+ }
++
++static int llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(
++    const struct llama_model & model, const char * path_lora, float scale, const char * path_base_model, int n_threads
++) {
++    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: applying lora adapter from '%s' - please wait ...\n", __func__, path_lora);
++
++    const int64_t t_start_lora_us = ggml_time_us();
++
++    llama_file fin(path_lora, "rb");
++
++    // verify magic and version
++    {
++        uint32_t magic = fin.read_u32();
++        if (magic != LLAMA_FILE_MAGIC_GGLA) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: bad file magic\n", __func__);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        uint32_t format_version = fin.read_u32();
++        if (format_version != 1) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported file version\n", __func__ );
++            return 1;
++        }
++    }
++
++    int32_t lora_r = fin.read_u32();
++    int32_t lora_alpha = fin.read_u32();
++    float scaling = scale * (float)lora_alpha / (float)lora_r;
++
++    LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: r = %d, alpha = %d, scaling = %.2f\n", __func__, lora_r, lora_alpha, scaling);
++
++    // load base model
++    std::unique_ptr<llama_model_loader> ml;
++    if (path_base_model) {
++        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: loading base model from '%s'\n", __func__, path_base_model);
++        ml.reset(new llama_model_loader(path_base_model, /*use_mmap*/ true, /*check_tensors*/ false, /*kv_overrides*/ nullptr));
++        ml->init_mappings(/*prefetch*/ false); // no prefetching
++    }
++
++    struct tensor_meta {
++        std::string name;
++        ggml_type type;
++        int32_t ne[2];
++        size_t offset;
++    };
++    std::map<std::string, tensor_meta> tensor_meta_map;
++
++    // load all tensor meta
++    while (true) {
++        if (fin.tell() == fin.size) {
++            // eof
++            break;
++        }
++
++        int32_t n_dims;
++        int32_t name_len;
++        int32_t ftype;
++
++        fin.read_raw(&n_dims, sizeof(n_dims));
++        fin.read_raw(&name_len, sizeof(name_len));
++        fin.read_raw(&ftype, sizeof(ftype));
++
++        if (n_dims != 1 && n_dims != 2) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: unsupported tensor dimension %d\n", __func__, n_dims);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        int32_t ne[2] = { 1, 1 };
++        for (int i = 0; i < n_dims; ++i) {
++            fin.read_raw(&ne[i], sizeof(ne[i]));
++        }
++
++        std::string name;
++        {
++            GGML_ASSERT(name_len < GGML_MAX_NAME);
++            char buf[GGML_MAX_NAME];
++            fin.read_raw(buf, name_len);
++            name = std::string(buf, name_len);
++        }
++
++        // check for lora suffix
++        std::string lora_suffix;
++        if (name.length() > 6) {
++            lora_suffix = name.substr(name.length() - 6);
++        }
++        if (lora_suffix != ".loraA" && lora_suffix != ".loraB") {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: '%s' is not a lora tensor\n", __func__, name.c_str());
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        // tensor type
++        ggml_type wtype;
++        switch (ftype) {
++            case 0: wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;  break;
++            case 1: wtype = GGML_TYPE_F16;  break;
++            default:
++                    {
++                        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid tensor data type '%d'\n",
++                                __func__, ftype);
++                        return 1;
++                    }
++        }
++
++        // data offset
++        size_t offset = fin.tell();
++        offset = (offset + 31) & -32;
++
++        // skip tensor data
++        fin.seek(offset + ggml_row_size(wtype, ne[0]) * ne[1], SEEK_SET);
++
++        tensor_meta_map.emplace(name, tensor_meta{ name, wtype, { ne[0], ne[1] }, offset });
++    }
++
++    bool warned = false;
++    int n_tensors = 0;
++
++    // apply
++    ggml_backend_t backend_cpu = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
++    if (backend_cpu == nullptr) {
++        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize cpu backend\n", __func__);
++        return 1;
++    }
++    ggml_backend_cpu_set_n_threads(backend_cpu, n_threads);
++
++    std::vector<no_init<uint8_t>> read_buf;
++    for (const auto & it : model.tensors_by_name) {
++        const std::string & base_name = it.first;
++        ggml_tensor * model_t = it.second;
++
++        if (tensor_meta_map.find(base_name + ".loraA") == tensor_meta_map.end() ||
++            tensor_meta_map.find(base_name + ".loraB") == tensor_meta_map.end()) {
++            continue;
++        }
++
++        tensor_meta & metaA = tensor_meta_map.at(base_name + ".loraA");
++        tensor_meta & metaB = tensor_meta_map.at(base_name + ".loraB");
++
++        ggml_init_params lora_init_params = {
++            /* .mem_size   */ ggml_tensor_overhead()*128 + ggml_graph_overhead(),
++            /* .mem_buffer */ nullptr,
++            /* .no_alloc   */ true,
++        };
++        ggml_context * lora_ctx = ggml_init(lora_init_params);
++        if (lora_ctx == nullptr) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize lora context\n", __func__);
++            ggml_backend_free(backend_cpu);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        // create tensors
++        ggml_tensor * loraA = ggml_new_tensor_2d(lora_ctx, metaA.type, metaA.ne[0], metaA.ne[1]);
++        ggml_tensor * loraB = ggml_new_tensor_2d(lora_ctx, metaB.type, metaB.ne[0], metaB.ne[1]);
++        ggml_set_name(loraA, metaA.name.c_str());
++        ggml_set_name(loraB, metaB.name.c_str());
++
++        ggml_tensor * base_t;
++        if (ml) {
++            if (!ml->get_tensor_meta(base_name.c_str())) {
++                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: tensor '%s' not found in base model\n", __func__, base_name.c_str());
++                return 1;
++            }
++            base_t = ggml_dup_tensor(lora_ctx, ml->get_tensor_meta(base_name.c_str()));
++        } else {
++            base_t = ggml_dup_tensor(lora_ctx, model_t);
++        }
++        ggml_set_name(base_t, base_name.c_str());
++
++        // allocate in backend buffer
++        ggml_backend_buffer_t lora_buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(lora_ctx, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
++        if (lora_buf == nullptr) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate lora tensors\n", __func__);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        // load tensor data
++        auto load_tensor = [&read_buf, &fin](const tensor_meta & tensor_meta, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
++            read_buf.resize(ggml_nbytes(tensor));
++            fin.seek(tensor_meta.offset, SEEK_SET);
++            fin.read_raw(read_buf.data(), ggml_nbytes(tensor));
++            ggml_backend_tensor_set(tensor, read_buf.data(), 0, read_buf.size());
++        };
++        load_tensor(metaA, loraA);
++        load_tensor(metaB, loraB);
++
++        // load base model tensor data
++        if (ml) {
++            ml->load_data_for(base_t);
++        } else {
++            ggml_backend_tensor_copy(model_t, base_t);
++        }
++
++        if (ggml_is_quantized(base_t->type) && !warned) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_WARN("%s: warning: using a lora adapter with a quantized model may result in poor quality, "
++                            "use a f16 or f32 base model with --lora-base\n", __func__);
++            warned = true;
++        }
++
++        if (base_t->ne[0] != loraA->ne[1] || base_t->ne[1] != loraB->ne[1]) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: incompatible tensor dimensions (%" PRId64 " and %" PRId64 ");"
++                            " are you sure that this adapter is for this model?\n", __func__, base_t->ne[0], loraA->ne[1]);
++            ggml_free(lora_ctx);
++            ggml_backend_buffer_free(lora_buf);
++            ggml_backend_free(backend_cpu);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        auto build_lora_graph = [&]() {
++            // w = w + BA*s
++            ggml_tensor * BA = ggml_mul_mat(lora_ctx, loraA, loraB);
++            ggml_set_name(BA, "BA");
++
++            if (scaling != 1.0f) {
++                BA = ggml_scale(lora_ctx, BA, scaling);
++                ggml_set_name(BA, "BA_scaled");
++            }
++
++            ggml_tensor * r;
++            r = ggml_add_inplace(lora_ctx, base_t, BA);
++            ggml_set_name(r, "r_add");
++
++            if (base_t->type != model_t->type) {
++                // convert the result to the model type
++                r = ggml_cast(lora_ctx, r, model_t->type);
++                ggml_set_name(r, "r_cast");
++            }
++
++            return r;
++        };
++
++        ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(lora_ctx);
++        ggml_tensor * r = build_lora_graph();
++        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, r);
++
++        ggml_backend_buffer_t graph_buf = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(lora_ctx, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
++        if (graph_buf == nullptr) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate graph tensors\n", __func__);
++            ggml_free(lora_ctx);
++            ggml_backend_buffer_free(lora_buf);
++            ggml_backend_free(backend_cpu);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        ggml_backend_graph_compute(backend_cpu, gf);
++
++        ggml_backend_tensor_set(model_t, r->data, 0, ggml_nbytes(r));
++
++#if 0
++        // TODO: use scheduler with fallback to CPU for less copies between CPU and GPU
++        //ggml_backend_sched_t sched = ggml_backend_sched_new(backends.data(), backends.size(), GGML_DEFAULT_GRAPH_SIZE);
++
++        // sched compute
++        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_graph());
++        ggml_backend_sched_init_measure(sched, gf);
++
++        // create the graph again, since the previous one was destroyed by the measure
++        ggml_graph_clear(gf);
++        ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, build_graph());
++        ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(sched, gf);
++        ggml_backend_sched_free(sched);
++#endif
++
++        ggml_backend_buffer_free(lora_buf);
++        ggml_backend_buffer_free(graph_buf);
++        ggml_free(lora_ctx);
++
++        n_tensors++;
++        if (n_tensors % 4 == 0) {
++            LLAMA_LOG_INFO(".");
++        }
++    }
++
++    ggml_backend_free(backend_cpu);
++
++    const int64_t t_lora_us = ggml_time_us() - t_start_lora_us;
++    LLAMA_LOG_INFO(" done (%.2f ms)\n", t_lora_us / 1000.0);
++
++    return 0;
++}
++
++int32_t llama_model_apply_lora_from_file(const struct llama_model * model, const char * path_lora, float scale, const char * path_base_model, int32_t n_threads) {
++    try {
++        return llama_apply_lora_from_file_internal(*model, path_lora, scale, path_base_model, n_threads);
++    } catch (const std::exception & err) {
++        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to apply lora adapter: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
++        return 1;
++    }
++}
+\ No newline at end of file

llm/server.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ type LlamaServer interface {
 	Ping(ctx context.Context) error
 	WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error
 	Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn func(CompletionResponse)) error
-	Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error)
+	Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) ([][]float32, error)
 	Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error)
 	Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error)
 	Close() error
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 	var estimate MemoryEstimate
 	var systemTotalMemory uint64
 	var systemFreeMemory uint64
+	var systemSwapFreeMemory uint64
 
 	systemMemInfo, err := gpu.GetCPUMem()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 	} else {
 		systemTotalMemory = systemMemInfo.TotalMemory
 		systemFreeMemory = systemMemInfo.FreeMemory
-		slog.Debug("system memory", "total", format.HumanBytes2(systemTotalMemory), "free", systemFreeMemory)
+		systemSwapFreeMemory = systemMemInfo.FreeSwap
+		slog.Debug("system memory", "total", format.HumanBytes2(systemTotalMemory), "free", format.HumanBytes2(systemFreeMemory), "free_swap", format.HumanBytes2(systemSwapFreeMemory))
 	}
 
 	// If the user wants zero GPU layers, reset the gpu list to be CPU/system ram info
@@ -125,9 +127,10 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 	// On linux, over-allocating CPU memory will almost always result in an error
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
 		systemMemoryRequired := estimate.TotalSize - estimate.VRAMSize
-		if systemMemoryRequired > systemTotalMemory {
-			slog.Warn("model request too large for system", "requested", format.HumanBytes2(systemMemoryRequired), "system", format.HumanBytes2(systemTotalMemory))
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("model requires more system memory (%s) than is available (%s)", format.HumanBytes2(systemMemoryRequired), format.HumanBytes2(systemTotalMemory))
+		available := systemFreeMemory + systemSwapFreeMemory
+		if systemMemoryRequired > available {
+			slog.Warn("model request too large for system", "requested", format.HumanBytes2(systemMemoryRequired), "available", available, "total", format.HumanBytes2(systemTotalMemory), "free", format.HumanBytes2(systemFreeMemory), "swap", format.HumanBytes2(systemSwapFreeMemory))
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("model requires more system memory (%s) than is available (%s)", format.HumanBytes2(systemMemoryRequired), format.HumanBytes2(available))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -382,8 +385,10 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 			filteredEnv := []string{}
 			for _, ev := range s.cmd.Env {
 				if strings.HasPrefix(ev, "CUDA_") ||
+					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "ROCR_") ||
 					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "ROCM_") ||
 					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "HIP_") ||
+					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "GPU_") ||
 					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "HSA_") ||
 					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "GGML_") ||
 					strings.HasPrefix(ev, "PATH=") ||
@@ -412,7 +417,17 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 
 		// reap subprocess when it exits
 		go func() {
-			s.done <- s.cmd.Wait()
+			err := s.cmd.Wait()
+			// Favor a more detailed message over the process exit status
+			if err != nil && s.status != nil && s.status.LastErrMsg != "" {
+				slog.Debug("llama runner terminated", "error", err)
+				if strings.Contains(s.status.LastErrMsg, "unknown model") {
+					s.status.LastErrMsg = "this model is not supported by your version of Ollama. You may need to upgrade"
+				}
+				s.done <- fmt.Errorf(s.status.LastErrMsg)
+			} else {
+				s.done <- err
+			}
 		}()
 
 		return s, nil
@@ -575,14 +590,7 @@ func (s *llmServer) WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error {
 			slog.Warn("client connection closed before server finished loading, aborting load")
 			return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for llama runner to start: %w", ctx.Err())
 		case err := <-s.done:
-			msg := ""
-			if s.status != nil && s.status.LastErrMsg != "" {
-				msg = s.status.LastErrMsg
-			}
-			if strings.Contains(msg, "unknown model") {
-				return fmt.Errorf("this model is not supported by your version of Ollama. You may need to upgrade")
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("llama runner process has terminated: %v %s", err, msg)
+			return fmt.Errorf("llama runner process has terminated: %w", err)
 		default:
 		}
 		if time.Now().After(stallTimer) {
@@ -864,15 +872,15 @@ func (s *llmServer) Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn fu
 	return nil
 }
 
-type EmbeddingRequest struct {
-	Content string `json:"content"`
+type EmbedRequest struct {
+	Content []string `json:"content"`
 }
 
-type EmbeddingResponse struct {
-	Embedding []float64 `json:"embedding"`
+type EmbedResponse struct {
+	Embedding [][]float32 `json:"embedding"`
 }
 
-func (s *llmServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) ([][]float32, error) {
 	if err := s.sem.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
 		slog.Error("Failed to acquire semaphore", "error", err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -887,7 +895,7 @@ func (s *llmServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, er
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}
 
-	data, err := json.Marshal(TokenizeRequest{Content: prompt})
+	data, err := json.Marshal(EmbedRequest{Content: input})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error marshaling embed data: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -914,7 +922,7 @@ func (s *llmServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, er
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s", body)
 	}
 
-	var embedding EmbeddingResponse
+	var embedding EmbedResponse
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &embedding); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal tokenize response: %w", err)
 	}

openai/openai.go

@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ package openai
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log/slog"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -27,8 +30,9 @@ type ErrorResponse struct {
 }
 
 type Message struct {
-	Role    string `json:"role"`
-	Content string `json:"content"`
+	Role      string     `json:"role"`
+	Content   any        `json:"content"`
+	ToolCalls []ToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type Choice struct {
@@ -59,6 +63,11 @@ type ResponseFormat struct {
 	Type string `json:"type"`
 }
 
+type EmbedRequest struct {
+	Input any    `json:"input"`
+	Model string `json:"model"`
+}
+
 type ChatCompletionRequest struct {
 	Model            string          `json:"model"`
 	Messages         []Message       `json:"messages"`
@@ -71,6 +80,7 @@ type ChatCompletionRequest struct {
 	PresencePenalty  *float64        `json:"presence_penalty_penalty"`
 	TopP             *float64        `json:"top_p"`
 	ResponseFormat   *ResponseFormat `json:"response_format"`
+	Tools            []api.Tool      `json:"tools"`
 }
 
 type ChatCompletion struct {
@@ -104,6 +114,7 @@ type CompletionRequest struct {
 	Stream           bool     `json:"stream"`
 	Temperature      *float32 `json:"temperature"`
 	TopP             float32  `json:"top_p"`
+	Suffix           string   `json:"suffix"`
 }
 
 type Completion struct {
@@ -125,6 +136,15 @@ type CompletionChunk struct {
 	SystemFingerprint string                `json:"system_fingerprint"`
 }
 
+type ToolCall struct {
+	ID       string `json:"id"`
+	Type     string `json:"type"`
+	Function struct {
+		Name      string `json:"name"`
+		Arguments string `json:"arguments"`
+	} `json:"function"`
+}
+
 type Model struct {
 	Id      string `json:"id"`
 	Object  string `json:"object"`
@@ -132,11 +152,23 @@ type Model struct {
 	OwnedBy string `json:"owned_by"`
 }
 
+type Embedding struct {
+	Object    string    `json:"object"`
+	Embedding []float32 `json:"embedding"`
+	Index     int       `json:"index"`
+}
+
 type ListCompletion struct {
 	Object string  `json:"object"`
 	Data   []Model `json:"data"`
 }
 
+type EmbeddingList struct {
+	Object string      `json:"object"`
+	Data   []Embedding `json:"data"`
+	Model  string      `json:"model"`
+}
+
 func NewError(code int, message string) ErrorResponse {
 	var etype string
 	switch code {
@@ -151,7 +183,31 @@ func NewError(code int, message string) ErrorResponse {
 	return ErrorResponse{Error{Type: etype, Message: message}}
 }
 
+func toolCallId() string {
+	const letterBytes = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+	b := make([]byte, 8)
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = letterBytes[rand.Intn(len(letterBytes))]
+	}
+	return "call_" + strings.ToLower(string(b))
+}
+
 func toChatCompletion(id string, r api.ChatResponse) ChatCompletion {
+	toolCalls := make([]ToolCall, len(r.Message.ToolCalls))
+	for i, tc := range r.Message.ToolCalls {
+		toolCalls[i].ID = toolCallId()
+		toolCalls[i].Type = "function"
+		toolCalls[i].Function.Name = tc.Function.Name
+
+		args, err := json.Marshal(tc.Function.Arguments)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("could not marshall function arguments to json", "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		toolCalls[i].Function.Arguments = string(args)
+	}
+
 	return ChatCompletion{
 		Id:                id,
 		Object:            "chat.completion",
@@ -160,7 +216,7 @@ func toChatCompletion(id string, r api.ChatResponse) ChatCompletion {
 		SystemFingerprint: "fp_ollama",
 		Choices: []Choice{{
 			Index:   0,
-			Message: Message{Role: r.Message.Role, Content: r.Message.Content},
+			Message: Message{Role: r.Message.Role, Content: r.Message.Content, ToolCalls: toolCalls},
 			FinishReason: func(reason string) *string {
 				if len(reason) > 0 {
 					return &reason
@@ -169,7 +225,6 @@ func toChatCompletion(id string, r api.ChatResponse) ChatCompletion {
 			}(r.DoneReason),
 		}},
 		Usage: Usage{
-			// TODO: ollama returns 0 for prompt eval if the prompt was cached, but openai returns the actual count
 			PromptTokens:     r.PromptEvalCount,
 			CompletionTokens: r.EvalCount,
 			TotalTokens:      r.PromptEvalCount + r.EvalCount,
@@ -215,7 +270,6 @@ func toCompletion(id string, r api.GenerateResponse) Completion {
 			}(r.DoneReason),
 		}},
 		Usage: Usage{
-			// TODO: ollama returns 0 for prompt eval if the prompt was cached, but openai returns the actual count
 			PromptTokens:     r.PromptEvalCount,
 			CompletionTokens: r.EvalCount,
 			TotalTokens:      r.PromptEvalCount + r.EvalCount,
@@ -260,6 +314,27 @@ func toListCompletion(r api.ListResponse) ListCompletion {
 	}
 }
 
+func toEmbeddingList(model string, r api.EmbedResponse) EmbeddingList {
+	if r.Embeddings != nil {
+		var data []Embedding
+		for i, e := range r.Embeddings {
+			data = append(data, Embedding{
+				Object:    "embedding",
+				Embedding: e,
+				Index:     i,
+			})
+		}
+
+		return EmbeddingList{
+			Object: "list",
+			Data:   data,
+			Model:  model,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return EmbeddingList{}
+}
+
 func toModel(r api.ShowResponse, m string) Model {
 	return Model{
 		Id:      m,
@@ -269,10 +344,77 @@ func toModel(r api.ShowResponse, m string) Model {
 	}
 }
 
-func fromChatRequest(r ChatCompletionRequest) api.ChatRequest {
+func fromChatRequest(r ChatCompletionRequest) (*api.ChatRequest, error) {
 	var messages []api.Message
 	for _, msg := range r.Messages {
-		messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: msg.Role, Content: msg.Content})
+		switch content := msg.Content.(type) {
+		case string:
+			messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: msg.Role, Content: content})
+		case []any:
+			for _, c := range content {
+				data, ok := c.(map[string]any)
+				if !ok {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+				}
+				switch data["type"] {
+				case "text":
+					text, ok := data["text"].(string)
+					if !ok {
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+					}
+					messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: msg.Role, Content: text})
+				case "image_url":
+					var url string
+					if urlMap, ok := data["image_url"].(map[string]any); ok {
+						if url, ok = urlMap["url"].(string); !ok {
+							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+						}
+					} else {
+						if url, ok = data["image_url"].(string); !ok {
+							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+						}
+					}
+
+					types := []string{"jpeg", "jpg", "png"}
+					valid := false
+					for _, t := range types {
+						prefix := "data:image/" + t + ";base64,"
+						if strings.HasPrefix(url, prefix) {
+							url = strings.TrimPrefix(url, prefix)
+							valid = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+
+					if !valid {
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image input")
+					}
+
+					img, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(url)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+					}
+
+					messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: msg.Role, Images: []api.ImageData{img}})
+				default:
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message format")
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			if msg.ToolCalls == nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message content type: %T", content)
+			}
+
+			toolCalls := make([]api.ToolCall, len(msg.ToolCalls))
+			for i, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				toolCalls[i].Function.Name = tc.Function.Name
+				err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.Function.Arguments), &toolCalls[i].Function.Arguments)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid tool call arguments")
+				}
+			}
+			messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: msg.Role, ToolCalls: toolCalls})
+		}
 	}
 
 	options := make(map[string]interface{})
@@ -323,13 +465,14 @@ func fromChatRequest(r ChatCompletionRequest) api.ChatRequest {
 		format = "json"
 	}
 
-	return api.ChatRequest{
+	return &api.ChatRequest{
 		Model:    r.Model,
 		Messages: messages,
 		Format:   format,
 		Options:  options,
 		Stream:   &r.Stream,
-	}
+		Tools:    r.Tools,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func fromCompleteRequest(r CompletionRequest) (api.GenerateRequest, error) {
@@ -379,6 +522,7 @@ func fromCompleteRequest(r CompletionRequest) (api.GenerateRequest, error) {
 		Prompt:  r.Prompt,
 		Options: options,
 		Stream:  &r.Stream,
+		Suffix:  r.Suffix,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -407,6 +551,11 @@ type RetrieveWriter struct {
 	model string
 }
 
+type EmbedWriter struct {
+	BaseWriter
+	model string
+}
+
 func (w *BaseWriter) writeError(code int, data []byte) (int, error) {
 	var serr api.StatusError
 	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &serr)
@@ -572,6 +721,33 @@ func (w *RetrieveWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
 	return w.writeResponse(data)
 }
 
+func (w *EmbedWriter) writeResponse(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	var embedResponse api.EmbedResponse
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &embedResponse)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	w.ResponseWriter.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	err = json.NewEncoder(w.ResponseWriter).Encode(toEmbeddingList(w.model, embedResponse))
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return len(data), nil
+}
+
+func (w *EmbedWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	code := w.ResponseWriter.Status()
+	if code != http.StatusOK {
+		return w.writeError(code, data)
+	}
+
+	return w.writeResponse(data)
+}
+
 func ListMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		w := &ListWriter{
@@ -635,6 +811,47 @@ func CompletionsMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 			id:         fmt.Sprintf("cmpl-%d", rand.Intn(999)),
 		}
 
+		c.Writer = w
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+func EmbeddingsMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var req EmbedRequest
+		err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error()))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if req.Input == "" {
+			req.Input = []string{""}
+		}
+
+		if req.Input == nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid input"))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if v, ok := req.Input.([]any); ok && len(v) == 0 {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid input"))
+			return
+		}
+
+		var b bytes.Buffer
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(api.EmbedRequest{Model: req.Model, Input: req.Input}); err != nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, NewError(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error()))
+			return
+		}
+
+		c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(&b)
+
+		w := &EmbedWriter{
+			BaseWriter: BaseWriter{ResponseWriter: c.Writer},
+			model:      req.Model,
+		}
+
 		c.Writer = w
 
 		c.Next()
@@ -656,7 +873,14 @@ func ChatMiddleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
 		}
 
 		var b bytes.Buffer
-		if err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(fromChatRequest(req)); err != nil {
+
+		chatReq, err := fromChatRequest(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, NewError(http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error()))
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(&b).Encode(chatReq); err != nil {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, NewError(http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error()))
 			return
 		}

openai/openai_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package openai
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -15,64 +16,199 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
-func TestMiddlewareRequests(t *testing.T) {
+const prefix = `data:image/jpeg;base64,`
+const image = `iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNk+A8AAQUBAScY42YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=`
+const imageURL = prefix + image
+
+func prepareRequest(req *http.Request, body any) {
+	bodyBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body)
+	req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+}
+
+func captureRequestMiddleware(capturedRequest any) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
+		c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+		err := json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, capturedRequest)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, "failed to unmarshal request")
+		}
+		c.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChatMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
 		Name     string
-		Method   string
-		Path     string
-		Handler  func() gin.HandlerFunc
 		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
-		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
+		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
 	}
 
-	var capturedRequest *http.Request
-
-	captureRequestMiddleware := func() gin.HandlerFunc {
-		return func(c *gin.Context) {
-			bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
-			c.Request.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
-			capturedRequest = c.Request
-			c.Next()
-		}
-	}
+	var capturedRequest *api.ChatRequest
 
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
-			Name:    "chat handler",
-			Method:  http.MethodPost,
-			Path:    "/api/chat",
-			Handler: ChatMiddleware,
+			Name: "chat handler",
 			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
 				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
 					Model:    "test-model",
 					Messages: []Message{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
 				}
-
-				bodyBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body)
-
-				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
-				req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
 			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				var chatReq api.ChatRequest
-				if err := json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&chatReq); err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
 				}
 
-				if chatReq.Messages[0].Role != "user" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", chatReq.Messages[0].Role)
+				if req.Messages[0].Role != "user" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[0].Role)
 				}
 
-				if chatReq.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", chatReq.Messages[0].Content)
+				if req.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
 				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name:    "completions handler",
-			Method:  http.MethodPost,
-			Path:    "/api/generate",
-			Handler: CompletionsMiddleware,
+			Name: "chat handler with image content",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
+					Model: "test-model",
+					Messages: []Message{
+						{
+							Role: "user", Content: []map[string]any{
+								{"type": "text", "text": "Hello"},
+								{"type": "image_url", "image_url": map[string]string{"url": imageURL}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
+				}
+
+				if req.Messages[0].Role != "user" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[0].Role)
+				}
+
+				if req.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
+				}
+
+				img, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(imageURL[len(prefix):])
+
+				if req.Messages[1].Role != "user" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[1].Role)
+				}
+
+				if !bytes.Equal(req.Messages[1].Images[0], img) {
+					t.Fatalf("expected image encoding, got %s", req.Messages[1].Images[0])
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "chat handler with tools",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
+					Model: "test-model",
+					Messages: []Message{
+						{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather like in Paris Today?"},
+						{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []ToolCall{{
+							ID:   "id",
+							Type: "function",
+							Function: struct {
+								Name      string `json:"name"`
+								Arguments string `json:"arguments"`
+							}{
+								Name:      "get_current_weather",
+								Arguments: "{\"location\": \"Paris, France\", \"format\": \"celsius\"}",
+							},
+						}}},
+					},
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != 200 {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
+				}
+
+				if req.Messages[0].Content != "What's the weather like in Paris Today?" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected What's the weather like in Paris Today?, got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
+				}
+
+				if req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["location"] != "Paris, France" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Paris, France', got %v", req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["location"])
+				}
+
+				if req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["format"] != "celsius" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected celsius, got %v", req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["format"])
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "chat handler error forwarding",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
+					Model:    "test-model",
+					Messages: []Message{{Role: "user", Content: 2}},
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
+				}
+
+				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid message content type") {
+					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	endpoint := func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	router := gin.New()
+	router.Use(ChatMiddleware(), captureRequestMiddleware(&capturedRequest))
+	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", endpoint)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", nil)
+
+			tc.Setup(t, req)
+
+			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+
+			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+
+			capturedRequest = nil
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompletionsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name     string
+		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
+		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+	}
+
+	var capturedRequest *api.GenerateRequest
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{
+			Name: "completions handler",
 			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
 				temp := float32(0.8)
 				body := CompletionRequest{
@@ -80,28 +216,20 @@ func TestMiddlewareRequests(t *testing.T) {
 					Prompt:      "Hello",
 					Temperature: &temp,
 					Stop:        []string{"\n", "stop"},
+					Suffix:      "suffix",
 				}
-
-				bodyBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body)
-
-				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
-				req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
 			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				var genReq api.GenerateRequest
-				if err := json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&genReq); err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if req.Prompt != "Hello" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Prompt)
 				}
 
-				if genReq.Prompt != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", genReq.Prompt)
+				if req.Options["temperature"] != 1.6 {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 1.6, got %f", req.Options["temperature"])
 				}
 
-				if genReq.Options["temperature"] != 1.6 {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 1.6, got %f", genReq.Options["temperature"])
-				}
-
-				stopTokens, ok := genReq.Options["stop"].([]any)
+				stopTokens, ok := req.Options["stop"].([]any)
 
 				if !ok {
 					t.Fatalf("expected stop tokens to be a list")
@@ -110,33 +238,160 @@ func TestMiddlewareRequests(t *testing.T) {
 				if stopTokens[0] != "\n" || stopTokens[1] != "stop" {
 					t.Fatalf("expected ['\\n', 'stop'], got %v", stopTokens)
 				}
+
+				if req.Suffix != "suffix" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'suffix', got %s", req.Suffix)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "completions handler error forwarding",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := CompletionRequest{
+					Model:       "test-model",
+					Prompt:      "Hello",
+					Temperature: nil,
+					Stop:        []int{1, 2},
+					Suffix:      "suffix",
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
+				}
+
+				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid type for 'stop' field") {
+					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
+				}
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	router := gin.New()
-
 	endpoint := func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
 	}
 
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	router := gin.New()
+	router.Use(CompletionsMiddleware(), captureRequestMiddleware(&capturedRequest))
+	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", endpoint)
+
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			router = gin.New()
-			router.Use(captureRequestMiddleware())
-			router.Use(tc.Handler())
-			router.Handle(tc.Method, tc.Path, endpoint)
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest(tc.Method, tc.Path, nil)
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", nil)
 
-			if tc.Setup != nil {
-				tc.Setup(t, req)
-			}
+			tc.Setup(t, req)
 
 			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 
-			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest)
+			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+
+			capturedRequest = nil
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddingsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name     string
+		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
+		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+	}
+
+	var capturedRequest *api.EmbedRequest
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{
+			Name: "embed handler single input",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := EmbedRequest{
+					Input: "Hello",
+					Model: "test-model",
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if req.Input != "Hello" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Input)
+				}
+
+				if req.Model != "test-model" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'test-model', got %s", req.Model)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "embed handler batch input",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := EmbedRequest{
+					Input: []string{"Hello", "World"},
+					Model: "test-model",
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				input, ok := req.Input.([]any)
+
+				if !ok {
+					t.Fatalf("expected input to be a list")
+				}
+
+				if input[0].(string) != "Hello" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", input[0])
+				}
+
+				if input[1].(string) != "World" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'World', got %s", input[1])
+				}
+
+				if req.Model != "test-model" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 'test-model', got %s", req.Model)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name: "embed handler error forwarding",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				body := EmbedRequest{
+					Model: "test-model",
+				}
+				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
+				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
+				}
+
+				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid input") {
+					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	endpoint := func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	router := gin.New()
+	router.Use(EmbeddingsMiddleware(), captureRequestMiddleware(&capturedRequest))
+	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", endpoint)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", nil)
+
+			tc.Setup(t, req)
+
+			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+
+			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+
+			capturedRequest = nil
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -154,36 +409,6 @@ func TestMiddlewareResponses(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			Name:     "completions handler error forwarding",
-			Method:   http.MethodPost,
-			Path:     "/api/generate",
-			TestPath: "/api/generate",
-			Handler:  CompletionsMiddleware,
-			Endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
-				c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid request"})
-			},
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := CompletionRequest{
-					Model:  "test-model",
-					Prompt: "Hello",
-				}
-
-				bodyBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body)
-
-				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
-				req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), `"invalid request"`) {
-					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
-				}
-			},
-		},
 		{
 			Name:     "list handler",
 			Method:   http.MethodGet,
@@ -200,8 +425,6 @@ func TestMiddlewareResponses(t *testing.T) {
 				})
 			},
 			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
-
 				var listResp ListCompletion
 				if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&listResp); err != nil {
 					t.Fatal(err)
@@ -265,6 +488,8 @@ func TestMiddlewareResponses(t *testing.T) {
 			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+
 			tc.Expected(t, resp)
 		})
 	}

server/images.go

@@ -34,11 +34,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
 )
 
-var errCapabilityCompletion = errors.New("completion")
+var (
+	errCapabilities         = errors.New("does not support")
+	errCapabilityCompletion = errors.New("completion")
+	errCapabilityTools      = errors.New("tools")
+	errCapabilityInsert     = errors.New("insert")
+)
 
 type Capability string
 
-const CapabilityCompletion = Capability("completion")
+const (
+	CapabilityCompletion = Capability("completion")
+	CapabilityTools      = Capability("tools")
+	CapabilityInsert     = Capability("insert")
+)
 
 type registryOptions struct {
 	Insecure bool
@@ -88,6 +97,15 @@ func (m *Model) CheckCapabilities(caps ...Capability) error {
 			if _, ok := ggml.KV()[fmt.Sprintf("%s.pooling_type", ggml.KV().Architecture())]; ok {
 				errs = append(errs, errCapabilityCompletion)
 			}
+		case CapabilityTools:
+			if !slices.Contains(m.Template.Vars(), "tools") {
+				errs = append(errs, errCapabilityTools)
+			}
+		case CapabilityInsert:
+			vars := m.Template.Vars()
+			if !slices.Contains(vars, "suffix") {
+				errs = append(errs, errCapabilityInsert)
+			}
 		default:
 			slog.Error("unknown capability", "capability", cap)
 			return fmt.Errorf("unknown capability: %s", cap)
@@ -95,7 +113,7 @@ func (m *Model) CheckCapabilities(caps ...Capability) error {
 	}
 
 	if err := errors.Join(errs...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("missing capabilities: %w", errors.Join(errs...))
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w %w", errCapabilities, errors.Join(errs...))
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -474,6 +492,12 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio
 				layers = append(layers, baseLayer.Layer)
 			}
 		case "license", "template", "system":
+			if c.Name == "template" {
+				if _, err := template.Parse(c.Args); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errBadTemplate, err)
+				}
+			}
+
 			if c.Name != "license" {
 				// replace
 				layers = slices.DeleteFunc(layers, func(layer *Layer) bool {

server/model.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -11,6 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template/parse"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/convert"
@@ -289,3 +293,113 @@ func detectContentType(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 
 	return "unknown", nil
 }
+
+// parseToolCalls attempts to parse a JSON string into a slice of ToolCalls.
+// mxyng: this only really works if the input contains tool calls in some JSON format
+func (m *Model) parseToolCalls(s string) ([]api.ToolCall, bool) {
+	// create a subtree from the node that ranges over .ToolCalls
+	tmpl := m.Template.Subtree(func(n parse.Node) bool {
+		if t, ok := n.(*parse.RangeNode); ok {
+			return slices.Contains(template.Identifiers(t.Pipe), "ToolCalls")
+		}
+
+		return false
+	})
+
+	if tmpl == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(&b, map[string][]api.ToolCall{
+		"ToolCalls": {
+			{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "@@name@@",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"@@argument@@": 1,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	var kv map[string]any
+	// execute the subtree with placeholders to identify the keys
+	// trim any commands that might exist in the template
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes.TrimSuffix(b.Bytes(), []byte(",")), &kv); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	// find the keys that correspond to the name and arguments fields
+	var name, arguments string
+	for k, v := range kv {
+		switch v.(type) {
+		case string:
+			name = k
+		case map[string]any:
+			arguments = k
+		}
+	}
+
+	if name == "" || arguments == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	var objs []map[string]any
+	for offset := 0; offset < len(s); {
+		var obj map[string]any
+		decoder := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(s[offset:]))
+		if err := decoder.Decode(&obj); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+			break
+		} else if syntax := &(json.SyntaxError{}); errors.As(err, &syntax) {
+			// skip over any syntax errors
+			offset += int(syntax.Offset)
+		} else if unmarshalType := &(json.UnmarshalTypeError{}); errors.As(err, &unmarshalType) {
+			// skip over any unmarshalable types
+			offset += int(unmarshalType.Offset)
+		} else if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("parseToolCalls", "error", err)
+			return nil, false
+		} else {
+			offset += int(decoder.InputOffset())
+
+			// collect all nested objects
+			var collect func(any) []map[string]any
+			collect = func(obj any) (all []map[string]any) {
+				switch o := obj.(type) {
+				case map[string]any:
+					all = append(all, o)
+					for _, v := range o {
+						all = append(all, collect(v)...)
+					}
+				case []any:
+					for _, v := range o {
+						all = append(all, collect(v)...)
+					}
+				}
+
+				return all
+			}
+			objs = append(objs, collect(obj)...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var toolCalls []api.ToolCall
+	for _, kv := range objs {
+		n, nok := kv[name].(string)
+		a, aok := kv[arguments].(map[string]any)
+		if nok && aok {
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      n,
+					Arguments: a,
+				},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toolCalls, len(toolCalls) > 0
+}

server/model_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package server
 import (
 	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -11,7 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/template"
 )
 
 func createZipFile(t *testing.T, name string) *os.File {
@@ -110,3 +114,123 @@ func TestExtractFromZipFile(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func readFile(t *testing.T, base, name string) *bytes.Buffer {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(base, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return bytes.NewBuffer(bts)
+}
+
+func TestExecuteWithTools(t *testing.T) {
+	p := filepath.Join("testdata", "tools")
+	cases := []struct {
+		model  string
+		output string
+		ok     bool
+	}{
+		{"mistral", `[TOOL_CALLS]  [{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}},{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}]`, true},
+		{"mistral", `[TOOL_CALLS]  [{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}},{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}]
+
+The temperature in San Francisco, CA is 70°F and in Toronto, Canada is 20°C.`, true},
+		{"mistral", `I'm not aware of that information. However, I can suggest searching for the weather using the "get_current_weather" function:
+
+		[{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}},{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}]`, true},
+		{"mistral", " The weather in San Francisco, CA is 70°F and in Toronto, Canada is 20°C.", false},
+		{"command-r-plus", "Action: ```json" + `
+[
+    {
+        "tool_name": "get_current_weather",
+        "parameters": {
+            "format": "fahrenheit",
+            "location": "San Francisco, CA"
+        }
+    },
+    {
+        "tool_name": "get_current_weather",
+        "parameters": {
+            "format": "celsius",
+            "location": "Toronto, Canada"
+        }
+    }
+]
+` + "```", true},
+		{"command-r-plus", " The weather in San Francisco, CA is 70°F and in Toronto, Canada is 20°C.", false},
+		{"firefunction", ` functools[{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}},{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}]`, true},
+		{"firefunction", " The weather in San Francisco, CA is 70°F and in Toronto, Canada is 20°C.", false},
+		{"llama3-groq-tool-use", `<tool_call>
+{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}}
+{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}
+</tool_call>`, true},
+		{"xlam", `{"tool_calls": [{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"fahrenheit","location":"San Francisco, CA"}},{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Toronto, Canada"}}]}`, true},
+	}
+
+	var tools []api.Tool
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(readFile(t, p, "tools.json").Bytes(), &tools); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var messages []api.Message
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(readFile(t, p, "messages.json").Bytes(), &messages); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	calls := []api.ToolCall{
+		{
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "get_current_weather",
+				Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+					"format":   "fahrenheit",
+					"location": "San Francisco, CA",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "get_current_weather",
+				Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+					"format":   "celsius",
+					"location": "Toronto, Canada",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.model, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpl, err := template.Parse(readFile(t, p, fmt.Sprintf("%s.gotmpl", tt.model)).String())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			t.Run("template", func(t *testing.T) {
+				var actual bytes.Buffer
+				if err := tmpl.Execute(&actual, template.Values{Tools: tools, Messages: messages}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				if diff := cmp.Diff(actual.String(), readFile(t, p, fmt.Sprintf("%s.out", tt.model)).String()); diff != "" {
+					t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+				}
+			})
+
+			t.Run("parse", func(t *testing.T) {
+				m := &Model{Template: tmpl}
+				actual, ok := m.parseToolCalls(tt.output)
+				if ok != tt.ok {
+					t.Fatalf("expected %t, got %t", tt.ok, ok)
+				}
+
+				if tt.ok {
+					if diff := cmp.Diff(actual, calls); diff != "" {
+						t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}

server/prompt.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"log/slog"
-	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
@@ -16,29 +15,21 @@ type tokenizeFunc func(context.Context, string) ([]int, error)
 // chatPrompt accepts a list of messages and returns the prompt and images that should be used for the next chat turn.
 // chatPrompt truncates any messages that exceed the context window of the model, making sure to always include 1) the
 // latest message and 2) system messages
-func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, m *Model, tokenize tokenizeFunc, opts *api.Options, msgs []api.Message) (prompt string, images []llm.ImageData, _ error) {
-	// pull out any system messages which should always be included in the prompt
+func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, m *Model, tokenize tokenizeFunc, opts *api.Options, msgs []api.Message, tools []api.Tool) (prompt string, images []llm.ImageData, _ error) {
 	var system []api.Message
-	msgs = slices.DeleteFunc(msgs, func(m api.Message) bool {
-		if m.Role == "system" {
-			system = append(system, m)
-			return true
-		}
-
-		return false
-	})
-
-	if len(system) == 0 && m.System != "" {
-		// add model system prompt since it wasn't provided
-		system = append(system, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: m.System})
-	}
-
 	// always include the last message
 	n := len(msgs) - 1
 	// in reverse, find all messages that fit into context window
 	for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		system = make([]api.Message, 0)
+		for j := range i {
+			if msgs[j].Role == "system" {
+				system = append(system, msgs[j])
+			}
+		}
+
 		var b bytes.Buffer
-		if err := m.Template.Execute(&b, template.Values{Messages: append(system, msgs[i:]...)}); err != nil {
+		if err := m.Template.Execute(&b, template.Values{Messages: append(system, msgs[i:]...), Tools: tools}); err != nil {
 			return "", nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -66,7 +57,7 @@ func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, m *Model, tokenize tokenizeFunc, opts *api.
 
 	// truncate any messages that do not fit into the context window
 	var b bytes.Buffer
-	if err := m.Template.Execute(&b, template.Values{Messages: append(system, msgs[n:]...)}); err != nil {
+	if err := m.Template.Execute(&b, template.Values{Messages: append(system, msgs[n:]...), Tools: tools}); err != nil {
 		return "", nil, err
 	}
 

server/prompt_test.go

@@ -3,21 +3,13 @@ package server
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/template"
 )
 
-func tokenize(_ context.Context, s string) (tokens []int, err error) {
-	for range strings.Fields(s) {
-		tokens = append(tokens, len(tokens))
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
 func TestChatPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 	type expect struct {
 		prompt string
@@ -164,6 +156,19 @@ func TestChatPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 				prompt: "You are the Test Who Lived. You're a test, Harry! I-I'm a what? A test. And a thumping good one at that, I'd wager. ",
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name:  "out of order system",
+			limit: 2048,
+			msgs: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "You're a test, Harry!"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "I-I'm a what?"},
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are the Test Who Lived."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "A test. And a thumping good one at that, I'd wager."},
+			},
+			expect: expect{
+				prompt: "You're a test, Harry! I-I'm a what? You are the Test Who Lived. A test. And a thumping good one at that, I'd wager. ",
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	tmpl, err := template.Parse(`
@@ -178,13 +183,13 @@ func TestChatPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			model := Model{Template: tmpl, ProjectorPaths: []string{"vision"}}
 			opts := api.Options{Runner: api.Runner{NumCtx: tt.limit}}
-			prompt, images, err := chatPrompt(context.TODO(), &model, tokenize, &opts, tt.msgs)
+			prompt, images, err := chatPrompt(context.TODO(), &model, mockRunner{}.Tokenize, &opts, tt.msgs, nil)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			if tt.prompt != prompt {
-				t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tt.prompt, prompt)
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(prompt, tt.prompt); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
 			}
 
 			if len(images) != len(tt.images) {

server/routes.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 var errRequired = errors.New("is required")
+var errBadTemplate = errors.New("template error")
 
 func modelOptions(model *Model, requestOpts map[string]interface{}) (api.Options, error) {
 	opts := api.DefaultOptions()
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ func (s *Server) scheduleRunner(ctx context.Context, name string, caps []Capabil
 }
 
 func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	checkpointStart := time.Now()
 	var req api.GenerateRequest
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing request body"})
@@ -120,6 +123,10 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	caps := []Capability{CapabilityCompletion}
+	if req.Suffix != "" {
+		caps = append(caps, CapabilityInsert)
+	}
+
 	r, m, opts, err := s.scheduleRunner(c.Request.Context(), req.Model, caps, req.Options, req.KeepAlive)
 	if errors.Is(err, errCapabilityCompletion) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("%q does not support generate", req.Model)})
@@ -129,6 +136,8 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	checkpointLoaded := time.Now()
+
 	if req.Prompt == "" {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.GenerateResponse{
 			Model:      req.Model,
@@ -146,19 +155,6 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	prompt := req.Prompt
 	if !req.Raw {
-		var msgs []api.Message
-		if req.System != "" {
-			msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: req.System})
-		} else if m.System != "" {
-			msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: m.System})
-		}
-
-		for _, i := range images {
-			msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("[img-%d]", i.ID)})
-		}
-
-		msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "user", Content: req.Prompt})
-
 		tmpl := m.Template
 		if req.Template != "" {
 			tmpl, err = template.Parse(req.Template)
@@ -179,7 +175,26 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			b.WriteString(s)
 		}
 
-		if err := tmpl.Execute(&b, template.Values{Messages: msgs}); err != nil {
+		var values template.Values
+		if req.Suffix != "" {
+			values.Prompt = prompt
+			values.Suffix = req.Suffix
+		} else {
+			var msgs []api.Message
+			if req.System != "" {
+				msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: req.System})
+			} else if m.System != "" {
+				msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: m.System})
+			}
+
+			for _, i := range images {
+				msgs = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("[img-%d]", i.ID)})
+			}
+
+			values.Messages = append(msgs, api.Message{Role: "user", Content: req.Prompt})
+		}
+
+		if err := tmpl.Execute(&b, values); err != nil {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 			return
 		}
@@ -191,26 +206,48 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	ch := make(chan any)
 	go func() {
+		// TODO (jmorganca): avoid building the response twice both here and below
+		var sb strings.Builder
 		defer close(ch)
 		if err := r.Completion(c.Request.Context(), llm.CompletionRequest{
 			Prompt:  prompt,
 			Images:  images,
 			Format:  req.Format,
 			Options: opts,
-		}, func(r llm.CompletionResponse) {
-			ch <- api.GenerateResponse{
+		}, func(cr llm.CompletionResponse) {
+			res := api.GenerateResponse{
 				Model:      req.Model,
 				CreatedAt:  time.Now().UTC(),
-				Response:   r.Content,
-				Done:       r.Done,
-				DoneReason: r.DoneReason,
+				Response:   cr.Content,
+				Done:       cr.Done,
+				DoneReason: cr.DoneReason,
 				Metrics: api.Metrics{
-					PromptEvalCount:    r.PromptEvalCount,
-					PromptEvalDuration: r.PromptEvalDuration,
-					EvalCount:          r.EvalCount,
-					EvalDuration:       r.EvalDuration,
+					PromptEvalCount:    cr.PromptEvalCount,
+					PromptEvalDuration: cr.PromptEvalDuration,
+					EvalCount:          cr.EvalCount,
+					EvalDuration:       cr.EvalDuration,
 				},
 			}
+
+			if _, err := sb.WriteString(cr.Content); err != nil {
+				ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
+			}
+
+			if cr.Done {
+				res.TotalDuration = time.Since(checkpointStart)
+				res.LoadDuration = checkpointLoaded.Sub(checkpointStart)
+
+				if !req.Raw {
+					tokens, err := r.Tokenize(c.Request.Context(), prompt+sb.String())
+					if err != nil {
+						ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
+						return
+					}
+					res.Context = append(req.Context, tokens...)
+				}
+			}
+
+			ch <- res
 		}); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
@@ -246,6 +283,121 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	streamResponse(c, ch)
 }
 
+func (s *Server) EmbedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req api.EmbedRequest
+	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing request body"})
+		return
+	case err != nil:
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	truncate := true
+
+	if req.Truncate != nil && !*req.Truncate {
+		truncate = false
+	}
+
+	var input []string
+
+	switch i := req.Input.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if len(i) > 0 {
+			input = append(input, i)
+		}
+	case []any:
+		for _, v := range i {
+			if _, ok := v.(string); !ok {
+				c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid input type"})
+				return
+			}
+			input = append(input, v.(string))
+		}
+	default:
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid input type"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.EmbedResponse{Model: req.Model, Embeddings: [][]float32{}})
+		return
+	}
+
+	r, m, opts, err := s.scheduleRunner(c.Request.Context(), req.Model, []Capability{}, req.Options, req.KeepAlive)
+	if err != nil {
+		handleScheduleError(c, req.Model, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	kvData, err := getKVData(m.ModelPath, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	for i, s := range input {
+		tokens, err := r.Tokenize(c.Request.Context(), s)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctxLen := min(opts.NumCtx, int(kvData.ContextLength()))
+		if len(tokens) > ctxLen {
+			if !truncate {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "input length exceeds maximum context length"})
+				return
+			}
+
+			tokens = tokens[:ctxLen]
+			s, err = r.Detokenize(c.Request.Context(), tokens)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		input[i] = s
+	}
+	embeddings, err := r.Embed(c.Request.Context(), input)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("embedding generation failed", "error", err)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to generate embedding"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	for i, e := range embeddings {
+		embeddings[i] = normalize(e)
+	}
+
+	resp := api.EmbedResponse{
+		Model:      req.Model,
+		Embeddings: embeddings,
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
+}
+
+func normalize(vec []float32) []float32 {
+	var sum float32
+	for _, v := range vec {
+		sum += v * v
+	}
+
+	norm := float32(0.0)
+	if sum > 0 {
+		norm = float32(1.0 / math.Sqrt(float64(sum)))
+	}
+
+	for i := range vec {
+		vec[i] *= norm
+	}
+	return vec
+}
+
 func (s *Server) EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.EmbeddingRequest
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
@@ -268,14 +420,24 @@ func (s *Server) EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	embedding, err := r.Embedding(c.Request.Context(), req.Prompt)
+	embeddings, err := r.Embed(c.Request.Context(), []string{req.Prompt})
+
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("embedding generation failed: %v", err))
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to generate embedding"})
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.EmbeddingResponse{Embedding: embedding})
+	embedding := make([]float64, len(embeddings[0]))
+
+	for i, v := range embeddings[0] {
+		embedding[i] = float64(v)
+	}
+
+	resp := api.EmbeddingResponse{
+		Embedding: embedding,
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 }
 
 func (s *Server) PullModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -447,7 +609,9 @@ func (s *Server) CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		defer cancel()
 
 		quantization := cmp.Or(r.Quantize, r.Quantization)
-		if err := CreateModel(ctx, name, filepath.Dir(r.Path), strings.ToUpper(quantization), f, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := CreateModel(ctx, name, filepath.Dir(r.Path), strings.ToUpper(quantization), f, fn); errors.Is(err, errBadTemplate) {
+			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error(), "status": http.StatusBadRequest}
+		} else if err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -549,13 +713,6 @@ func GetModelInfo(req api.ShowRequest) (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
 		m.System = req.System
 	}
 
-	if req.Template != "" {
-		m.Template, err = template.Parse(req.Template)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
 	msgs := make([]api.Message, len(m.Messages))
 	for i, msg := range m.Messages {
 		msgs[i] = api.Message{Role: msg.Role, Content: msg.Content}
@@ -901,6 +1058,7 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateRoutes() http.Handler {
 	r.POST("/api/pull", s.PullModelHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/generate", s.GenerateHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/chat", s.ChatHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/embed", s.EmbedHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/embeddings", s.EmbeddingsHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/create", s.CreateModelHandler)
 	r.POST("/api/push", s.PushModelHandler)
@@ -914,6 +1072,7 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateRoutes() http.Handler {
 	// Compatibility endpoints
 	r.POST("/v1/chat/completions", openai.ChatMiddleware(), s.ChatHandler)
 	r.POST("/v1/completions", openai.CompletionsMiddleware(), s.GenerateHandler)
+	r.POST("/v1/embeddings", openai.EmbeddingsMiddleware(), s.EmbedHandler)
 	r.GET("/v1/models", openai.ListMiddleware(), s.ListModelsHandler)
 	r.GET("/v1/models/:model", openai.RetrieveMiddleware(), s.ShowModelHandler)
 
@@ -1040,11 +1199,15 @@ func waitForStream(c *gin.Context, ch chan interface{}) {
 				return
 			}
 		case gin.H:
+			status, ok := r["status"].(int)
+			if !ok {
+				status = http.StatusInternalServerError
+			}
 			if errorMsg, ok := r["error"].(string); ok {
-				c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": errorMsg})
+				c.JSON(status, gin.H{"error": errorMsg})
 				return
 			} else {
-				c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "unexpected error format in progress response"})
+				c.JSON(status, gin.H{"error": "unexpected error format in progress response"})
 				return
 			}
 		default:
@@ -1122,6 +1285,8 @@ func (s *Server) ProcessHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	checkpointStart := time.Now()
+
 	var req api.ChatRequest
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing request body"})
@@ -1132,6 +1297,10 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	caps := []Capability{CapabilityCompletion}
+	if len(req.Tools) > 0 {
+		caps = append(caps, CapabilityTools)
+	}
+
 	r, m, opts, err := s.scheduleRunner(c.Request.Context(), req.Model, caps, req.Options, req.KeepAlive)
 	if errors.Is(err, errCapabilityCompletion) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("%q does not support chat", req.Model)})
@@ -1141,6 +1310,8 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	checkpointLoaded := time.Now()
+
 	if len(req.Messages) == 0 {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ChatResponse{
 			Model:      req.Model,
@@ -1152,7 +1323,11 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	prompt, images, err := chatPrompt(c.Request.Context(), m, r.Tokenize, opts, req.Messages)
+	if req.Messages[0].Role != "system" && m.System != "" {
+		req.Messages = append([]api.Message{{Role: "system", Content: m.System}}, req.Messages...)
+	}
+
+	prompt, images, err := chatPrompt(c.Request.Context(), m, r.Tokenize, opts, req.Messages, req.Tools)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -1169,7 +1344,7 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			Format:  req.Format,
 			Options: opts,
 		}, func(r llm.CompletionResponse) {
-			ch <- api.ChatResponse{
+			res := api.ChatResponse{
 				Model:      req.Model,
 				CreatedAt:  time.Now().UTC(),
 				Message:    api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: r.Content},
@@ -1182,19 +1357,26 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 					EvalDuration:       r.EvalDuration,
 				},
 			}
+
+			if r.Done {
+				res.TotalDuration = time.Since(checkpointStart)
+				res.LoadDuration = checkpointLoaded.Sub(checkpointStart)
+			}
+
+			ch <- res
 		}); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
 
 	if req.Stream != nil && !*req.Stream {
-		var r api.ChatResponse
+		var resp api.ChatResponse
 		var sb strings.Builder
 		for rr := range ch {
 			switch t := rr.(type) {
 			case api.ChatResponse:
 				sb.WriteString(t.Message.Content)
-				r = t
+				resp = t
 			case gin.H:
 				msg, ok := t["error"].(string)
 				if !ok {
@@ -1209,8 +1391,16 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		r.Message.Content = sb.String()
-		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, r)
+		resp.Message.Content = sb.String()
+
+		if len(req.Tools) > 0 {
+			if toolCalls, ok := m.parseToolCalls(sb.String()); ok {
+				resp.Message.ToolCalls = toolCalls
+				resp.Message.Content = ""
+			}
+		}
+
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -1219,7 +1409,7 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func handleScheduleError(c *gin.Context, name string, err error) {
 	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, errRequired):
+	case errors.Is(err, errCapabilities), errors.Is(err, errRequired):
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
 		c.JSON(499, gin.H{"error": "request canceled"})

server/routes_create_test.go

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ func checkFileExists(t *testing.T, p string, expect []string) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateFromBin(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ func TestCreateFromBin(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateFromModel(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -152,6 +156,8 @@ func TestCreateFromModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateRemovesLayers(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -199,6 +205,8 @@ func TestCreateRemovesLayers(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateUnsetsSystem(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -255,6 +263,8 @@ func TestCreateUnsetsSystem(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateMergeParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -358,6 +368,8 @@ func TestCreateMergeParameters(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateReplacesMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -434,6 +446,8 @@ func TestCreateReplacesMessages(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateTemplateSystem(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -477,9 +491,47 @@ func TestCreateTemplateSystem(t *testing.T) {
 	if string(system) != "Say bye!" {
 		t.Errorf("expected \"Say bye!\", actual %s", system)
 	}
+
+	t.Run("incomplete template", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+			Name:      "test",
+			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s\nTEMPLATE {{ .Prompt", createBinFile(t, nil, nil)),
+			Stream:    &stream,
+		})
+	
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Fatalf("expected status code 400, actual %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("template with unclosed if", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+			Name:      "test",
+			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s\nTEMPLATE {{ if .Prompt }}", createBinFile(t, nil, nil)),
+			Stream:    &stream,
+		})
+	
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Fatalf("expected status code 400, actual %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("template with undefined function", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+			Name:      "test",
+			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s\nTEMPLATE {{  Prompt }}", createBinFile(t, nil, nil)),
+			Stream:    &stream,
+		})
+	
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Fatalf("expected status code 400, actual %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestCreateLicenses(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -526,6 +578,8 @@ func TestCreateLicenses(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCreateDetectTemplate(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -546,8 +600,8 @@ func TestCreateDetectTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		checkFileExists(t, filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "*"), []string{
 			filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "sha256-553c4a3f747b3d22a4946875f1cc8ed011c2930d83f864a0c7265f9ec0a20413"),
-			filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "sha256-68b0323b2f21572bc09ba07554b16b379a5713ee48ef8c25a7661a1f71cfce77"),
-			filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "sha256-eb72fb7c550ee1f1dec4039bd65382acecf5f7536a30fb7ccace39a8d0cb590b"),
+			filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "sha256-c608dc615584cd20d9d830363dabf8a4783ae5d34245c3d8c115edb3bc7b28e4"),
+			filepath.Join(p, "blobs", "sha256-f836ee110db21567f826332e4cedd746c06d10664fd5a9ea3659e3683a944510"),
 		})
 	})
 

server/routes_delete_test.go

@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 )
 
 func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
@@ -77,6 +80,8 @@ func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDeleteDuplicateLayers(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	p := t.TempDir()
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", p)
 	var s Server

server/routes_generate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type mockRunner struct {
+	llm.LlamaServer
+
+	// CompletionRequest is only valid until the next call to Completion
+	llm.CompletionRequest
+	llm.CompletionResponse
+}
+
+func (m *mockRunner) Completion(_ context.Context, r llm.CompletionRequest, fn func(r llm.CompletionResponse)) error {
+	m.CompletionRequest = r
+	fn(m.CompletionResponse)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mockRunner) Tokenize(_ context.Context, s string) (tokens []int, err error) {
+	for range strings.Fields(s) {
+		tokens = append(tokens, len(tokens))
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func newMockServer(mock *mockRunner) func(gpu.GpuInfoList, string, *llm.GGML, []string, []string, api.Options, int) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+	return func(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, projectors, system []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+		return mock, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateChat(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	mock := mockRunner{
+		CompletionResponse: llm.CompletionResponse{
+			Done:               true,
+			DoneReason:         "stop",
+			PromptEvalCount:    1,
+			PromptEvalDuration: 1,
+			EvalCount:          1,
+			EvalDuration:       1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	s := Server{
+		sched: &Scheduler{
+			pendingReqCh:  make(chan *LlmRequest, 1),
+			finishedReqCh: make(chan *LlmRequest, 1),
+			expiredCh:     make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
+			unloadedCh:    make(chan any, 1),
+			loaded:        make(map[string]*runnerRef),
+			newServerFn:   newMockServer(&mock),
+			getGpuFn:      gpu.GetGPUInfo,
+			getCpuFn:      gpu.GetCPUInfo,
+			reschedDelay:  250 * time.Millisecond,
+			loadFn: func(req *LlmRequest, ggml *llm.GGML, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, numParallel int) {
+				// add small delay to simulate loading
+				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+				req.successCh <- &runnerRef{
+					llama: &mock,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	go s.sched.Run(context.TODO())
+
+	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+		Model: "test",
+		Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf(`FROM %s
+		TEMPLATE """
+{{- if .System }}System: {{ .System }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Prompt }}User: {{ .Prompt }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Response }}Assistant: {{ .Response }} {{ end }}"""
+`, createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
+			"general.architecture":          "llama",
+			"llama.block_count":             uint32(1),
+			"llama.context_length":          uint32(8192),
+			"llama.embedding_length":        uint32(4096),
+			"llama.attention.head_count":    uint32(32),
+			"llama.attention.head_count_kv": uint32(8),
+			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
+			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
+			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
+		}, []llm.Tensor{
+			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_gate.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_up.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_k.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_output.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_q.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_v.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "output.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+		})),
+		Stream: &stream,
+	})
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("missing body", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, nil)
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"model is required"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{})
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"model is required"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing capabilities chat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+			Model: "bert",
+			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
+				"general.architecture": "bert",
+				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
+			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		w = createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "bert",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"\"bert\" does not support chat"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("load model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "test",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		var actual api.ChatResponse
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&actual); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Model != "test" {
+			t.Errorf("expected model test, got %s", actual.Model)
+		}
+
+		if !actual.Done {
+			t.Errorf("expected done true, got false")
+		}
+
+		if actual.DoneReason != "load" {
+			t.Errorf("expected done reason load, got %s", actual.DoneReason)
+		}
+	})
+
+	checkChatResponse := func(t *testing.T, body io.Reader, model, content string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		var actual api.ChatResponse
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(body).Decode(&actual); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Model != model {
+			t.Errorf("expected model test, got %s", actual.Model)
+		}
+
+		if !actual.Done {
+			t.Errorf("expected done false, got true")
+		}
+
+		if actual.DoneReason != "stop" {
+			t.Errorf("expected done reason stop, got %s", actual.DoneReason)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(actual.Message, api.Message{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: content,
+		}); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		if actual.PromptEvalCount == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected prompt eval count > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.PromptEvalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected prompt eval duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.EvalCount == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected eval count > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.EvalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected eval duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.LoadDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected load duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.TotalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected total duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+	}
+
+	mock.CompletionResponse.Content = "Hi!"
+	t.Run("messages", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "test",
+			Messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello!"},
+			},
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkChatResponse(t, w.Body, "test", "Hi!")
+	})
+
+	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+		Model:     "test-system",
+		Modelfile: "FROM test\nSYSTEM You are a helpful assistant.",
+	})
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("messages with model system", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "test-system",
+			Messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello!"},
+			},
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "System: You are a helpful assistant. User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkChatResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Hi!")
+	})
+
+	mock.CompletionResponse.Content = "Abra kadabra!"
+	t.Run("messages with system", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "test-system",
+			Messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You can perform magic tricks."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello!"},
+			},
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "System: You can perform magic tricks. User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkChatResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Abra kadabra!")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("messages with interleaved system", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.ChatHandler, api.ChatRequest{
+			Model: "test-system",
+			Messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello!"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "I can help you with that."},
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You can perform magic tricks."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Help me write tests."},
+			},
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "System: You are a helpful assistant. User: Hello! Assistant: I can help you with that. System: You can perform magic tricks. User: Help me write tests. "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkChatResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Abra kadabra!")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	mock := mockRunner{
+		CompletionResponse: llm.CompletionResponse{
+			Done:               true,
+			DoneReason:         "stop",
+			PromptEvalCount:    1,
+			PromptEvalDuration: 1,
+			EvalCount:          1,
+			EvalDuration:       1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	s := Server{
+		sched: &Scheduler{
+			pendingReqCh:  make(chan *LlmRequest, 1),
+			finishedReqCh: make(chan *LlmRequest, 1),
+			expiredCh:     make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
+			unloadedCh:    make(chan any, 1),
+			loaded:        make(map[string]*runnerRef),
+			newServerFn:   newMockServer(&mock),
+			getGpuFn:      gpu.GetGPUInfo,
+			getCpuFn:      gpu.GetCPUInfo,
+			reschedDelay:  250 * time.Millisecond,
+			loadFn: func(req *LlmRequest, ggml *llm.GGML, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, numParallel int) {
+				// add small delay to simulate loading
+				time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+				req.successCh <- &runnerRef{
+					llama: &mock,
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	go s.sched.Run(context.TODO())
+
+	w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+		Model: "test",
+		Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf(`FROM %s
+		TEMPLATE """
+{{- if .System }}System: {{ .System }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Prompt }}User: {{ .Prompt }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Response }}Assistant: {{ .Response }} {{ end }}"""
+`, createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
+			"general.architecture":          "llama",
+			"llama.block_count":             uint32(1),
+			"llama.context_length":          uint32(8192),
+			"llama.embedding_length":        uint32(4096),
+			"llama.attention.head_count":    uint32(32),
+			"llama.attention.head_count_kv": uint32(8),
+			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
+			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
+			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
+		}, []llm.Tensor{
+			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_gate.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_up.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_k.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_output.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_q.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "blk.0.attn_v.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+			{Name: "output.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
+		})),
+		Stream: &stream,
+	})
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("missing body", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, nil)
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"model is required"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{})
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"model is required"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing capabilities generate", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+			Model: "bert",
+			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
+				"general.architecture": "bert",
+				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
+			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		w = createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model: "bert",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"\"bert\" does not support generate"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing capabilities suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test",
+			Prompt: "def add(",
+			Suffix: "    return c",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 400, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(w.Body.String(), `{"error":"test does not support insert"}`); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("load model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model: "test",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		var actual api.GenerateResponse
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&actual); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Model != "test" {
+			t.Errorf("expected model test, got %s", actual.Model)
+		}
+
+		if !actual.Done {
+			t.Errorf("expected done true, got false")
+		}
+
+		if actual.DoneReason != "load" {
+			t.Errorf("expected done reason load, got %s", actual.DoneReason)
+		}
+	})
+
+	checkGenerateResponse := func(t *testing.T, body io.Reader, model, content string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		var actual api.GenerateResponse
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(body).Decode(&actual); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Model != model {
+			t.Errorf("expected model test, got %s", actual.Model)
+		}
+
+		if !actual.Done {
+			t.Errorf("expected done false, got true")
+		}
+
+		if actual.DoneReason != "stop" {
+			t.Errorf("expected done reason stop, got %s", actual.DoneReason)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Response != content {
+			t.Errorf("expected response %s, got %s", content, actual.Response)
+		}
+
+		if actual.Context == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected context not nil")
+		}
+
+		if actual.PromptEvalCount == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected prompt eval count > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.PromptEvalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected prompt eval duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.EvalCount == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected eval count > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.EvalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected eval duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.LoadDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected load duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+
+		if actual.TotalDuration == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected total duration > 0, got 0")
+		}
+	}
+
+	mock.CompletionResponse.Content = "Hi!"
+	t.Run("prompt", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test",
+			Prompt: "Hello!",
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkGenerateResponse(t, w.Body, "test", "Hi!")
+	})
+
+	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+		Model:     "test-system",
+		Modelfile: "FROM test\nSYSTEM You are a helpful assistant.",
+	})
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("prompt with model system", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-system",
+			Prompt: "Hello!",
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "System: You are a helpful assistant. User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkGenerateResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Hi!")
+	})
+
+	mock.CompletionResponse.Content = "Abra kadabra!"
+	t.Run("prompt with system", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-system",
+			Prompt: "Hello!",
+			System: "You can perform magic tricks.",
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "System: You can perform magic tricks. User: Hello! "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkGenerateResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Abra kadabra!")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("prompt with template", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-system",
+			Prompt: "Help me write tests.",
+			System: "You can perform magic tricks.",
+			Template: `{{- if .System }}{{ .System }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Prompt }}### USER {{ .Prompt }} {{ end }}
+{{- if .Response }}### ASSISTANT {{ .Response }} {{ end }}`,
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "You can perform magic tricks. ### USER Help me write tests. "); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+
+		checkGenerateResponse(t, w.Body, "test-system", "Abra kadabra!")
+	})
+
+	w = createRequest(t, s.CreateModelHandler, api.CreateRequest{
+		Model: "test-suffix",
+		Modelfile: `FROM test
+TEMPLATE """{{- if .Suffix }}<PRE> {{ .Prompt }} <SUF>{{ .Suffix }} <MID>
+{{- else }}{{ .Prompt }}
+{{- end }}"""`,
+	})
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("prompt with suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-suffix",
+			Prompt: "def add(",
+			Suffix: "    return c",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "<PRE> def add( <SUF>    return c <MID>"); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("prompt without suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-suffix",
+			Prompt: "def add(",
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "def add("); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("raw", func(t *testing.T) {
+		w := createRequest(t, s.GenerateHandler, api.GenerateRequest{
+			Model:  "test-system",
+			Prompt: "Help me write tests.",
+			Raw:    true,
+			Stream: &stream,
+		})
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("expected status 200, got %d", w.Code)
+		}
+
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(mock.CompletionRequest.Prompt, "Help me write tests."); diff != "" {
+			t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+}

server/routes_list_test.go

@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
 func TestList(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", t.TempDir())
 	envconfig.LoadConfig()
 

server/routes_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
@@ -272,6 +273,77 @@ func Test_Routes(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Equal(t, "library", retrieveResp.OwnedBy)
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			Name:   "Embed Handler Empty Input",
+			Method: http.MethodPost,
+			Path:   "/api/embed",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				embedReq := api.EmbedRequest{
+					Model: "t-bone",
+					Input: "",
+				}
+				jsonData, err := json.Marshal(embedReq)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(jsonData))
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *http.Response) {
+				contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+				if contentType != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected content type application/json; charset=utf-8, got %s", contentType)
+				}
+				body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				var embedResp api.EmbedResponse
+				err = json.Unmarshal(body, &embedResp)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				if embedResp.Model != "t-bone" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected model t-bone, got %s", embedResp.Model)
+				}
+
+				if embedResp.Embeddings == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected embeddings to not be nil, got %v", embedResp.Embeddings)
+				}
+
+				if len(embedResp.Embeddings) != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("expected embeddings to be empty, got %v", embedResp.Embeddings)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:   "Embed Handler Invalid Input",
+			Method: http.MethodPost,
+			Path:   "/api/embed",
+			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
+				embedReq := api.EmbedRequest{
+					Model: "t-bone",
+					Input: 2,
+				}
+				jsonData, err := json.Marshal(embedReq)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(jsonData))
+			},
+			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *http.Response) {
+				contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+				if contentType != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
+					t.Fatalf("expected content type application/json; charset=utf-8, got %s", contentType)
+				}
+				_, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadRequest {
+					t.Fatalf("expected status code 400, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
+				}
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", t.TempDir())
@@ -420,3 +492,38 @@ func TestShow(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("Expected projector architecture to be 'clip', but got", resp.ProjectorInfo["general.architecture"])
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNormalize(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		input []float32
+	}
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{input: []float32{1}},
+		{input: []float32{0, 1, 2, 3}},
+		{input: []float32{0.1, 0.2, 0.3}},
+		{input: []float32{-0.1, 0.2, 0.3, -0.4}},
+		{input: []float32{0, 0, 0}},
+	}
+
+	isNormalized := func(vec []float32) (res bool) {
+		sum := 0.0
+		for _, v := range vec {
+			sum += float64(v * v)
+		}
+		if math.Abs(sum-1) > 1e-6 {
+			return sum == 0
+		} else {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
+			normalized := normalize(tc.input)
+			if !isNormalized(normalized) {
+				t.Errorf("Vector %v is not normalized", tc.input)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

server/sched_test.go

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func TestLoad(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, s.expiredCh, 1)
 }
 
-type bundle struct {
+type reqBundle struct {
 	ctx     context.Context //nolint:containedctx
 	ctxDone func()
 	srv     *mockLlm
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ type bundle struct {
 	ggml    *llm.GGML
 }
 
-func (scenario *bundle) newServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+func (scenario *reqBundle) newServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options, numParallel int) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
 	return scenario.srv, nil
 }
 
-func newScenario(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, estimatedVRAM uint64) *bundle {
-	scenario := &bundle{}
-	scenario.ctx, scenario.ctxDone = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+func newScenarioRequest(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, estimatedVRAM uint64, duration *api.Duration) *reqBundle {
+	b := &reqBundle{}
+	b.ctx, b.ctxDone = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	t.Helper()
 
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), modelName)
@@ -135,124 +135,154 @@ func newScenario(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, estimatedV
 
 	fname := f.Name()
 	model := &Model{Name: modelName, ModelPath: fname}
-	scenario.ggml, err = llm.LoadModel(model.ModelPath, 0)
+	b.ggml, err = llm.LoadModel(model.ModelPath, 0)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	scenario.req = &LlmRequest{
-		ctx:             scenario.ctx,
+	if duration == nil {
+		duration = &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond}
+	}
+	b.req = &LlmRequest{
+		ctx:             b.ctx,
 		model:           model,
 		opts:            api.DefaultOptions(),
-		sessionDuration: &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond},
+		sessionDuration: duration,
 		successCh:       make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
 		errCh:           make(chan error, 1),
 	}
-	scenario.srv = &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: estimatedVRAM, estimatedVRAMByGPU: map[string]uint64{"": estimatedVRAM}}
-	return scenario
+	b.srv = &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: estimatedVRAM, estimatedVRAMByGPU: map[string]uint64{"": estimatedVRAM}}
+	return b
 }
 
-func TestRequests(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+func getGpuFn() gpu.GpuInfoList {
+	g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
+	g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
+	g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
+	return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+}
+
+func getCpuFn() gpu.GpuInfoList {
+	g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "cpu"}
+	g.TotalMemory = 32 * format.GigaByte
+	g.FreeMemory = 26 * format.GigaByte
+	return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+}
+
+func TestRequestsSameModelSameRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
 	defer done()
-
-	// Same model, same request
-	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 10)
-	scenario1a.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond}
-	scenario1b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 11)
-	scenario1b.req.model = scenario1a.req.model
-	scenario1b.ggml = scenario1a.ggml
-	scenario1b.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 0}
-
-	// simple reload of same model
-	scenario2a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 20)
-	tmpModel := *scenario1a.req.model
-	scenario2a.req.model = &tmpModel
-	scenario2a.ggml = scenario1a.ggml
-	scenario2a.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond}
-
-	// Multiple loaded models
-	scenario3a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3a", 1*format.GigaByte)
-	scenario3b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3b", 24*format.GigaByte)
-	scenario3c := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-4a", 30)
-	scenario3c.req.opts.NumGPU = 0                           // CPU load, will be allowed
-	scenario3d := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3c", 30) // Needs prior unloaded
-
 	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
-	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
-		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
-		g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
-		g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
-		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
-	}
-	s.getCpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
-		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "cpu"}
-		g.TotalMemory = 32 * format.GigaByte
-		g.FreeMemory = 26 * format.GigaByte
-		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
-	}
-	s.newServerFn = scenario1a.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario1a")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario1a.req
+	s.getGpuFn = getGpuFn
+	s.getCpuFn = getCpuFn
+	a := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond})
+	b := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 11, &api.Duration{Duration: 0})
+	b.req.model = a.req.model
+	b.ggml = a.ggml
+
+	s.newServerFn = a.newServer
+	slog.Info("a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- a.req
 	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
 	s.Run(ctx)
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario1a.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+	case resp := <-a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, a.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario1a.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario1a.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, a.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-a.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
 
 	// Same runner as first request due to not needing a reload
-	s.newServerFn = scenario1b.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario1b")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario1b.req
+	s.newServerFn = b.newServer
+	slog.Info("b")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- b.req
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario1b.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+	case resp := <-b.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, a.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario1b.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario1b.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, b.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-b.req.errCh:
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("timeout")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequestsSimpleReloadSameModel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.getGpuFn = getGpuFn
+	s.getCpuFn = getCpuFn
+	a := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond})
+	b := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 20, &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Millisecond})
+	tmpModel := *a.req.model
+	b.req.model = &tmpModel
+	b.ggml = a.ggml
+
+	s.newServerFn = a.newServer
+	slog.Info("a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- a.req
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
+	s.Run(ctx)
+	select {
+	case resp := <-a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, a.srv)
+		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
+		require.Empty(t, a.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-a.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
 
 	// Trigger a reload
-	s.newServerFn = scenario2a.newServer
-	scenario2a.req.model.AdapterPaths = []string{"new"}
-	slog.Info("scenario2a")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario2a.req
+	s.newServerFn = b.newServer
+	b.req.model.AdapterPaths = []string{"new"}
+	slog.Info("b")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- b.req
 	// finish first two requests, so model can reload
 	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	scenario1a.ctxDone()
-	scenario1b.ctxDone()
+	a.ctxDone()
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario2a.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario2a.srv)
+	case resp := <-b.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, b.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario2a.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario2a.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, b.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-b.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
+}
+
+func TestRequestsMultipleLoadedModels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.getGpuFn = getGpuFn
+	s.getCpuFn = getCpuFn
+
+	// Multiple loaded models
+	a := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3a", 1*format.GigaByte, nil)
+	b := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3b", 24*format.GigaByte, nil)
+	c := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-4a", 30, nil)
+	c.req.opts.NumGPU = 0                                       // CPU load, will be allowed
+	d := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3c", 30, nil) // Needs prior unloaded
 
 	envconfig.MaxRunners = 1
-	s.newServerFn = scenario3a.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario3a")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3a.req
-	// finish prior request, so new model can load
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
-	scenario2a.ctxDone()
+	s.newServerFn = a.newServer
+	slog.Info("a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- a.req
+	s.Run(ctx)
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario3a.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3a.srv)
+	case resp := <-a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, a.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario3a.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario3a.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, a.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-a.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
@@ -262,15 +292,15 @@ func TestRequests(t *testing.T) {
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
 
 	envconfig.MaxRunners = 0
-	s.newServerFn = scenario3b.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario3b")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3b.req
+	s.newServerFn = b.newServer
+	slog.Info("b")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- b.req
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario3b.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3b.srv)
+	case resp := <-b.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, b.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario3b.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario3b.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, b.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-b.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
@@ -280,15 +310,15 @@ func TestRequests(t *testing.T) {
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
 
 	// This is a CPU load with NumGPU = 0 so it should load
-	s.newServerFn = scenario3c.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario3c")
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3c.req
+	s.newServerFn = c.newServer
+	slog.Info("c")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- c.req
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario3c.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3c.srv)
+	case resp := <-c.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, c.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario3c.req.errCh)
-	case err := <-scenario3c.req.errCh:
+		require.Empty(t, c.req.errCh)
+	case err := <-c.req.errCh:
 		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
@@ -298,25 +328,25 @@ func TestRequests(t *testing.T) {
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
 
 	// Try to load a model that wont fit
-	s.newServerFn = scenario3d.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario3d")
+	s.newServerFn = d.newServer
+	slog.Info("d")
 	s.loadedMu.Lock()
 	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 3)
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
-	scenario3a.ctxDone() // Won't help since this one isn't big enough to make room
+	a.ctxDone() // Won't help since this one isn't big enough to make room
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
-	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3d.req
+	s.pendingReqCh <- d.req
 	// finish prior request, so new model can load
 	time.Sleep(6 * time.Millisecond)
 	s.loadedMu.Lock()
 	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 2)
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
-	scenario3b.ctxDone()
+	b.ctxDone()
 	select {
-	case resp := <-scenario3d.req.successCh:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3d.srv)
+	case resp := <-d.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, d.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
-		require.Empty(t, scenario3d.req.errCh)
+		require.Empty(t, d.req.errCh)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
@@ -329,26 +359,19 @@ func TestGetRunner(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
 	defer done()
 
-	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10)
-	scenario1a.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 0}
-	scenario1b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1b", 10)
-	scenario1b.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 0}
-	scenario1c := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1c", 10)
-	scenario1c.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 0}
+	a := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 2 * time.Millisecond})
+	b := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1b", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 2 * time.Millisecond})
+	c := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1c", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 2 * time.Millisecond})
 	envconfig.MaxQueuedRequests = 1
 	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
-	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
-		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
-		g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
-		g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
-		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
-	}
-	s.newServerFn = scenario1a.newServer
-	slog.Info("scenario1a")
-	successCh1a, errCh1a := s.GetRunner(scenario1a.ctx, scenario1a.req.model, scenario1a.req.opts, scenario1a.req.sessionDuration)
+	s.getGpuFn = getGpuFn
+	s.getCpuFn = getCpuFn
+	s.newServerFn = a.newServer
+	slog.Info("a")
+	successCh1a, errCh1a := s.GetRunner(a.ctx, a.req.model, a.req.opts, a.req.sessionDuration)
 	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
-	slog.Info("scenario1b")
-	successCh1b, errCh1b := s.GetRunner(scenario1b.ctx, scenario1b.req.model, scenario1b.req.opts, scenario1b.req.sessionDuration)
+	slog.Info("b")
+	successCh1b, errCh1b := s.GetRunner(b.ctx, b.req.model, b.req.opts, b.req.sessionDuration)
 	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
 	require.Empty(t, successCh1b)
 	require.Len(t, errCh1b, 1)
@@ -357,22 +380,24 @@ func TestGetRunner(t *testing.T) {
 	s.Run(ctx)
 	select {
 	case resp := <-successCh1a:
-		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, a.srv)
 		require.Empty(t, s.pendingReqCh)
 		require.Empty(t, errCh1a)
+	case err := <-errCh1a:
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
-	scenario1a.ctxDone()
+	a.ctxDone() // Set "a" model to idle so it can unload
 	s.loadedMu.Lock()
 	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
 	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
 
-	scenario1c.req.model.ModelPath = "bad path"
-	slog.Info("scenario1c")
-	successCh1c, errCh1c := s.GetRunner(scenario1c.ctx, scenario1c.req.model, scenario1c.req.opts, scenario1c.req.sessionDuration)
+	c.req.model.ModelPath = "bad path"
+	slog.Info("c")
+	successCh1c, errCh1c := s.GetRunner(c.ctx, c.req.model, c.req.opts, c.req.sessionDuration)
 	// Starts in pending channel, then should be quickly processsed to return an error
-	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond) // Long enough for the "a" model to expire and unload
 	require.Empty(t, successCh1c)
 	s.loadedMu.Lock()
 	require.Empty(t, s.loaded)
@@ -380,7 +405,7 @@ func TestGetRunner(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, errCh1c, 1)
 	err = <-errCh1c
 	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "bad path")
-	scenario1b.ctxDone()
+	b.ctxDone()
 }
 
 // TODO - add one scenario that triggers the bogus finished event with positive ref count
@@ -389,7 +414,7 @@ func TestPrematureExpired(t *testing.T) {
 	defer done()
 
 	// Same model, same request
-	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10)
+	scenario1a := newScenarioRequest(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10, nil)
 	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
 	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
 		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
@@ -411,6 +436,8 @@ func TestPrematureExpired(t *testing.T) {
 		s.loadedMu.Unlock()
 		slog.Info("sending premature expired event now")
 		s.expiredCh <- resp // Shouldn't happen in real life, but make sure its safe
+	case err := <-errCh1a:
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
@@ -446,6 +473,8 @@ func TestUseLoadedRunner(t *testing.T) {
 	select {
 	case success := <-req.successCh:
 		require.Equal(t, r1, success)
+	case err := <-req.errCh:
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		t.Fatal("timeout")
 	}
@@ -625,8 +654,7 @@ func TestAlreadyCanceled(t *testing.T) {
 	defer done()
 	dctx, done2 := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	done2()
-	scenario1a := newScenario(t, dctx, "ollama-model-1", 10)
-	scenario1a.req.sessionDuration = &api.Duration{Duration: 0}
+	scenario1a := newScenarioRequest(t, dctx, "ollama-model-1", 10, &api.Duration{Duration: 0})
 	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
 	slog.Info("scenario1a")
 	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario1a.req
@@ -642,8 +670,8 @@ type mockLlm struct {
 	pingResp           error
 	waitResp           error
 	completionResp     error
-	embeddingResp      []float64
-	embeddingRespErr   error
+	embedResp          [][]float32
+	embedRespErr       error
 	tokenizeResp       []int
 	tokenizeRespErr    error
 	detokenizeResp     string
@@ -660,8 +688,8 @@ func (s *mockLlm) WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error { return s.waitRes
 func (s *mockLlm) Completion(ctx context.Context, req llm.CompletionRequest, fn func(llm.CompletionResponse)) error {
 	return s.completionResp
 }
-func (s *mockLlm) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error) {
-	return s.embeddingResp, s.embeddingRespErr
+func (s *mockLlm) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) ([][]float32, error) {
+	return s.embedResp, s.embedRespErr
 }
 func (s *mockLlm) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
 	return s.tokenizeResp, s.tokenizeRespErr

server/testdata/tools/command-r-plus.gotmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+{{- if or .Tools .System }}<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>
+{{- if .Tools }}# Safety Preamble
+The instructions in this section override those in the task description and style guide sections. Don't answer questions that are harmful or immoral.
+
+# System Preamble
+## Basic Rules
+You are a powerful conversational AI trained by Cohere to help people. You are augmented by a number of tools, and your job is to use and consume the output of these tools to best help the user. You will see a conversation history between yourself and a user, ending with an utterance from the user. You will then see a specific instruction instructing you what kind of response to generate. When you answer the user's requests, you cite your sources in your answers, according to those instructions.
+
+{{ if .System }}# User Preamble
+{{ .System }}
+{{- end }}
+
+## Available Tools
+Here is a list of tools that you have available to you:
+{{- range .Tools }}
+
+```python
+def {{ .Function.Name }}(
+{{- range $name, $property := .Function.Parameters.Properties }}{{ $name }}: {{ $property.Type }}, {{ end }}) -> List[Dict]:
+    """{{ .Function.Description }}
+
+{{- if .Function.Parameters.Properties }}
+
+    Args:
+{{- range $name, $property := .Function.Parameters.Properties }}
+        {{ $name }} ({{ $property.Type }}): {{ $property.Description }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
+    """
+    pass
+```
+{{- end }}
+{{- else if .System }}{{ .System }}
+{{- end }}<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>
+{{- end }}
+{{- range .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "system" }}
+{{- continue }}
+{{- end }}<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}<|USER_TOKEN|>{{ .Content }}
+{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}<|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>
+{{- if .Content }}{{ .Content }}
+{{- else if .ToolCalls }}
+Action: ```json
+[
+{{- range .ToolCalls }}
+    {
+        "tool_name": "{{ .Function.Name }}",
+        "parameters": {{ .Function.Arguments }}
+    }
+{{- end }}
+]```
+{{ continue }}
+{{ end }}
+{{- else if eq .Role "tool" }}<|SYSTEM_TOKEN|><results>
+{{ .Content }}</results>
+{{- end }}<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>
+{{- end }}
+{{- if .Tools }}<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>Write 'Action:' followed by a json-formatted list of actions that you want to perform in order to produce a good response to the user's last input. You can use any of the supplied tools any number of times, but you should aim to execute the minimum number of necessary actions for the input. You should use the `directly-answer` tool if calling the other tools is unnecessary. The list of actions you want to call should be formatted as a list of json objects, for example:
+```json
+[
+    {
+        "tool_name": title of the tool in the specification,
+        "parameters": a dict of parameters to input into the tool as they are defined in the specs, or {} if it takes no parameters
+    }
+]```
+{{- end }}<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>

server/testdata/tools/command-r-plus.out

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|># Safety Preamble
+The instructions in this section override those in the task description and style guide sections. Don't answer questions that are harmful or immoral.
+
+# System Preamble
+## Basic Rules
+You are a powerful conversational AI trained by Cohere to help people. You are augmented by a number of tools, and your job is to use and consume the output of these tools to best help the user. You will see a conversation history between yourself and a user, ending with an utterance from the user. You will then see a specific instruction instructing you what kind of response to generate. When you answer the user's requests, you cite your sources in your answers, according to those instructions.
+
+# User Preamble
+You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks.
+
+## Available Tools
+Here is a list of tools that you have available to you:
+
+```python
+def get_current_weather(format: string, location: string, ) -> List[Dict]:
+    """Get the current weather
+
+    Args:
+        format (string): The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.
+        location (string): The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA
+    """
+    pass
+```<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>What's the weather like today in Paris?<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>
+Action: ```json
+[
+    {
+        "tool_name": "get_current_weather",
+        "parameters": {"format":"celsius","location":"Paris, France"}
+    }
+]```
+<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|><results>
+22</results><|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius.<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>Write 'Action:' followed by a json-formatted list of actions that you want to perform in order to produce a good response to the user's last input. You can use any of the supplied tools any number of times, but you should aim to execute the minimum number of necessary actions for the input. You should use the `directly-answer` tool if calling the other tools is unnecessary. The list of actions you want to call should be formatted as a list of json objects, for example:
+```json
+[
+    {
+        "tool_name": title of the tool in the specification,
+        "parameters": a dict of parameters to input into the tool as they are defined in the specs, or {} if it takes no parameters
+    }
+]```<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>

server/testdata/tools/firefunction.gotmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{{- if or .System .Tools }}<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
+{{- if .System }}
+{{ .System }}
+{{- end }}
+In addition to plain text responses, you can chose to call one or more of the provided functions.
+
+Use the following rule to decide when to call a function:
+  * if the response can be generated from your internal knowledge (e.g., as in the case of queries like "What is the capital of Poland?"), do so
+  * if you need external information that can be obtained by calling one or more of the provided functions, generate a function calls
+
+If you decide to call functions:
+  * prefix function calls with functools marker (no closing marker required)
+  * all function calls should be generated in a single JSON list formatted as functools[{"name": [function name], "arguments": [function arguments as JSON]}, ...]
+  * follow the provided JSON schema. Do not hallucinate arguments or values. Do to blindly copy values from the provided samples
+  * respect the argument type formatting. E.g., if the type if number and format is float, write value 7 as 7.0
+  * make sure you pick the right functions that match the user intent
+
+Available functions as JSON spec:
+{{- if .Tools }}
+{{ .Tools }}
+{{- end }}<|eot_id|>
+{{- end }}
+{{- range .Messages }}<|start_header_id|>
+{{- if or (eq .Role "user") (eq .Role "assistant") (eq .Role "tool") }}{{ .Role }}
+{{- end }}<|end_header_id|>
+{{- if .Content }}{{ .Content }}
+{{- else if .ToolCalls }} functools[
+{{- range .ToolCalls }}{{ "{" }}"name": "{{ .Function.Name }}", "arguments": {{ .Function.Arguments }}{{ "}" }}
+{{- end }}]
+{{- end }}<|eot_id|>
+{{- end }}<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>

server/testdata/tools/firefunction.out

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
+You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks.
+In addition to plain text responses, you can chose to call one or more of the provided functions.
+
+Use the following rule to decide when to call a function:
+  * if the response can be generated from your internal knowledge (e.g., as in the case of queries like "What is the capital of Poland?"), do so
+  * if you need external information that can be obtained by calling one or more of the provided functions, generate a function calls
+
+If you decide to call functions:
+  * prefix function calls with functools marker (no closing marker required)
+  * all function calls should be generated in a single JSON list formatted as functools[{"name": [function name], "arguments": [function arguments as JSON]}, ...]
+  * follow the provided JSON schema. Do not hallucinate arguments or values. Do to blindly copy values from the provided samples
+  * respect the argument type formatting. E.g., if the type if number and format is float, write value 7 as 7.0
+  * make sure you pick the right functions that match the user intent
+
+Available functions as JSON spec:
+[{"type":"function","function":{"name":"get_current_weather","description":"Get the current weather","parameters":{"type":"object","required":["location","format"],"properties":{"format":{"type":"string","description":"The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.","enum":["celsius","fahrenheit"]},"location":{"type":"string","description":"The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"}}}}}]<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|><|end_header_id|>You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>What's the weather like today in Paris?<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|> functools[{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Paris, France"}}]<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>tool<|end_header_id|>22<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>

server/testdata/tools/llama3-groq-tool-use.gotmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{{- if .Messages }}
+{{- if or .System .Tools }}<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ .System }}
+{{- if .Tools }} You are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags. You may call one or more functions to assist with the user query. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. For each function call return a json object with function name and arguments within <tool_call></tool_call> XML tags as follows:
+<tool_call>
+{"name": <function-name>,"arguments": <args-dict>}
+</tool_call>
+
+Here are the available tools:
+<tools>
+{{- range .Tools }} {{ .Function }}
+{{- end }} </tools>
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}<|eot_id|>
+{{- range .Messages }}
+{{- if ne .Role "system" }}<|start_header_id|>{{ .Role }}<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ if eq .Role "user" }}{{ .Content }}
+{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}
+{{- if .Content }}{{ .Content }}
+{{- else if .ToolCalls }}<tool_call>
+{{ range .ToolCalls }}{"name": "{{ .Function.Name }}", "arguments": {{ .Function.Arguments }}}
+{{- end }}
+</tool_call>
+{{- end }}
+{{- else if eq .Role "tool" }}<tool_response>
+{{ .Content }}
+</tool_response>
+{{- end }}<|eot_id|>
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ else }}
+{{ if .System }}<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ .System }}<|eot_id|>{{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ .Prompt }}<|eot_id|>{{ end }}<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Response }}
+{{- if .Response }}<|eot_id|>
+{{- end }}

server/testdata/tools/llama3-groq-tool-use.out

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
+
+You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks. You are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags. You may call one or more functions to assist with the user query. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. For each function call return a json object with function name and arguments within <tool_call></tool_call> XML tags as follows:
+<tool_call>
+{"name": <function-name>,"arguments": <args-dict>}
+</tool_call>
+
+Here are the available tools:
+<tools> {"name":"get_current_weather","description":"Get the current weather","parameters":{"type":"object","required":["location","format"],"properties":{"format":{"type":"string","description":"The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.","enum":["celsius","fahrenheit"]},"location":{"type":"string","description":"The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"}}}} </tools><|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>
+
+What's the weather like today in Paris?<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
+
+<tool_call>
+{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Paris, France"}}
+</tool_call><|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>tool<|end_header_id|>
+
+<tool_response>
+22
+</tool_response><|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
+
+The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>
+
+What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
+

server/testdata/tools/messages.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+[
+  {
+    "role": "system",
+    "content": "You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks."
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "user",
+    "content": "What's the weather like today in Paris?"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "assistant",
+    "tool_calls": [
+      {
+        "id": "89a1e453-0bce-4de3-a456-c54bed09c520",
+        "type": "function",
+        "function": {
+          "name": "get_current_weather",
+          "arguments": {
+            "location": "Paris, France",
+            "format": "celsius"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "tool",
+    "tool_call_id": "89a1e453-0bce-4de3-a456-c54bed09c520",
+    "content": "22"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "assistant",
+    "content": "The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius."
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "user",
+    "content": "What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?"
+  }
+]

server/testdata/tools/mistral.gotmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}
+{{- if and (eq (len (slice $.Messages $index)) 1) $.Tools }}[AVAILABLE_TOOLS] {{ $.Tools }}[/AVAILABLE_TOOLS]
+{{- end }}[INST] {{ if and (eq (len (slice $.Messages $index)) 1) $.System }}{{ $.System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Content }}[/INST]
+{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}
+{{- if .Content }} {{ .Content }}</s>
+{{- else if .ToolCalls }}[TOOL_CALLS] [
+{{- range .ToolCalls }}{"name": "{{ .Function.Name }}", "arguments": {{ .Function.Arguments }}}
+{{- end }}]</s>
+{{- end }}
+{{- else if eq .Role "tool" }}[TOOL_RESULTS] {"content": {{ .Content }}}[/TOOL_RESULTS]
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}

server/testdata/tools/mistral.out

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[INST] What's the weather like today in Paris?[/INST][TOOL_CALLS] [{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Paris, France"}}]</s>[TOOL_RESULTS] {"content": 22}[/TOOL_RESULTS] The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius.</s>[AVAILABLE_TOOLS] [{"type":"function","function":{"name":"get_current_weather","description":"Get the current weather","parameters":{"type":"object","required":["location","format"],"properties":{"format":{"type":"string","description":"The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.","enum":["celsius","fahrenheit"]},"location":{"type":"string","description":"The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"}}}}}][/AVAILABLE_TOOLS][INST] You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks.
+
+What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?[/INST]

server/testdata/tools/tools.json

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[
+  {
+    "type": "function",
+    "function": {
+      "name": "get_current_weather",
+      "description": "Get the current weather",
+      "parameters": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "location": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"
+          },
+          "format": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": [
+              "celsius",
+              "fahrenheit"
+            ],
+            "description": "The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location."
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "location",
+          "format"
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+]

server/testdata/tools/xlam.gotmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{{- if .System }}{{ .System }}
+{{ end }}
+{{- range $i, $_ := .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}### Instruction:
+{{- if and $.Tools (le (len (slice $.Messages $i)) 2) }}
+[BEGIN OF TASK INSTRUCTION]
+You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. 
+Based on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. 
+If none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer. 
+If the given question lacks the parameters required by the function, also point it out.
+[END OF TASK INSTRUCTION]
+
+[BEGIN OF AVAILABLE TOOLS]
+{{ $.Tools }}
+[END OF AVAILABLE TOOLS]
+
+[BEGIN OF FORMAT INSTRUCTION]
+The output MUST strictly adhere to the following JSON format, and NO other text MUST be included.
+The example format is as follows. Please make sure the parameter type is correct. If no function call is needed, please make tool_calls an empty list '[]'.
+```
+{
+    "tool_calls": [
+    {"name": "func_name1", "arguments": {"argument1": "value1", "argument2": "value2"}},
+    ... (more tool calls as required)
+    ]
+}
+```
+[END OF FORMAT INSTRUCTION]
+
+[BEGIN OF QUERY]
+{{ .Content }}
+[END OF QUERY]
+
+
+{{ else }}
+{{ .Content }}
+{{ end }}
+{{- else if .ToolCalls }}### Response:
+{"tool_calls": [{{ range .ToolCalls }}{"name": "{{ .Function.Name }}", "arguments": {{ .Function.Arguments }}}{{ end }}]}
+<|EOT|>
+{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}### Response:
+{{ .Content }}
+<|EOT|>
+{{ end }}
+{{- end }}### Response:

server/testdata/tools/xlam.out

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+You are a knowledgable assistant. You can answer questions and perform tasks.
+### Instruction:
+What's the weather like today in Paris?
+### Response:
+{"tool_calls": [{"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": {"format":"celsius","location":"Paris, France"}}]}
+<|EOT|>
+### Response:
+The current temperature in Paris, France is 22 degrees Celsius.
+<|EOT|>
+### Instruction:
+[BEGIN OF TASK INSTRUCTION]
+You are an expert in composing functions. You are given a question and a set of possible functions. 
+Based on the question, you will need to make one or more function/tool calls to achieve the purpose. 
+If none of the functions can be used, point it out and refuse to answer. 
+If the given question lacks the parameters required by the function, also point it out.
+[END OF TASK INSTRUCTION]
+
+[BEGIN OF AVAILABLE TOOLS]
+[{"type":"function","function":{"name":"get_current_weather","description":"Get the current weather","parameters":{"type":"object","required":["location","format"],"properties":{"format":{"type":"string","description":"The temperature unit to use. Infer this from the users location.","enum":["celsius","fahrenheit"]},"location":{"type":"string","description":"The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"}}}}}]
+[END OF AVAILABLE TOOLS]
+
+[BEGIN OF FORMAT INSTRUCTION]
+The output MUST strictly adhere to the following JSON format, and NO other text MUST be included.
+The example format is as follows. Please make sure the parameter type is correct. If no function call is needed, please make tool_calls an empty list '[]'.
+```
+{
+    "tool_calls": [
+    {"name": "func_name1", "arguments": {"argument1": "value1", "argument2": "value2"}},
+    ... (more tool calls as required)
+    ]
+}
+```
+[END OF FORMAT INSTRUCTION]
+
+[BEGIN OF QUERY]
+What's the weather like today in San Francisco and Toronto?
+[END OF QUERY]
+
+
+### Response:

template/alfred.gotmpl

@@ -1,8 +1 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<start_system>{{ .System }}<end_message>
-{{- end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}<start_{{ .Role }}>{{ .Content }}<end_message>
-{{- end }}<start_assistant>
-{{- else -}}
-{{ if .System }}<start_system>{{ .System }}<end_message>{{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<start_user>{{ .Prompt }}<end_message>{{ end }}<start_assistant>{{ .Response }}<end_message>
-{{- end -}}
+{{ if .System }}<start_system>{{ .System }}<end_message>{{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<start_user>{{ .Prompt }}<end_message>{{ end }}<start_assistant>{{ .Response }}<end_message>

template/alpaca.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}### Instruction:
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}### Response:
-{{- end }}
-{{ .Content }}
-
-{{ end }}### Response:
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
 
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}### Instruction:
@@ -18,4 +6,3 @@
 {{ end }}### Response:
 {{ .Response }}
 
-{{ end -}}

template/chatml.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<|im_start|>system
-{{ .System }}<|im_end|>
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}<|im_start|>{{ .Role }}
-{{ .Content }}<|im_end|>
-{{ end }}<|im_start|>assistant
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}<|im_start|>system
 {{ .System }}<|im_end|>
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<|im_start|>user
 {{ .Prompt }}<|im_end|>
 {{ end }}<|im_start|>assistant
 {{ .Response }}<|im_end|>
-{{ end -}}

template/chatqa.gotmpl

@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}System: {{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}User:
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}Assistant:
-{{- end }} {{ .Content }}
-
-{{ end }}Assistant:
-{{- else -}}
 {{ if .System }}System: {{ .System }}
 
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}User: {{ .Prompt }}
 
 {{ end }}Assistant: {{ .Response }}
 
-{{ end -}}

template/codellama-70b-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}Source: system
-
- {{ .System }} <step> {{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}Source: {{ .Role }}
-
- {{ .Content }} <step> {{ end }}Source: assistant
-Destination: user
-
- {{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}Source: system
 
  {{ .System }} <step> {{ end }}Source: user
 
  {{ .Prompt }} <step> Source: assistant
+{{- if not .Response }}
 Destination: user
+{{- end }}
 
- {{ .Response }} <step>
-{{- end -}}
+ {{ .Response }} <step> 

template/falcon-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}System: {{ .System }}
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}User:
-{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}Falcon:
-{{ end }}{{ .Content }}
-{{ end }}Falcon:
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}System: {{ .System }}
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}User:
 {{ .Prompt }}
 {{ end }}Falcon:
 {{ .Response }}
-{{ end -}}

template/gemma-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,17 +1,5 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}<start_of_turn>
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}user
-{{- if and $.System (eq $index 0) }}
-{{ $.System }}
-{{- end }}
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}model
-{{- end }}
-{{ .Content }}<end_of_turn>
-{{ end }}<start_of_turn>model
-{{ else -}}
 <start_of_turn>user
 {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
 {{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}<end_of_turn>
 <start_of_turn>model
 {{ .Response }}<end_of_turn>
-{{ end -}}

template/granite-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,16 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}System:
-{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}Question:
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}Answer:
-{{- end }}
-{{ .Content }}
-
-{{ end }}Answer:
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}System:
 {{ .System }}
 
@@ -20,4 +7,3 @@
 {{ end }}Answer:
 {{ .Response }}
 
-{{ end -}}

template/llama2-chat.gotmpl

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}[INST] {{ if eq $index 0 }}<<SYS>>
-{{- if $.System }}
-{{ $.System }}
+[INST] <<SYS>>
+{{- if .System }}
+{{ .System }}
 {{ end }}<</SYS>>
 
-{{ end }}{{ .Content }}
-{{- else }} [/INST] {{ .Content }}</s><s>
-{{- end }}
-{{- end }} [/INST]
-{{- else -}}
-[INST] <<SYS>>{{ if .System }}{{ .System }}{{ end }}<</SYS>>
-
-{{ .Prompt }} [/INST] {{ .Response }}</s>
-{{- end -}}
+{{ .Prompt }} [/INST] {{ .Response }}</s><s>

template/llama3-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,19 +1,7 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
-
-{{ .System }}<|eot_id|>
-{{- end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}<|start_header_id|>{{ .Role }}<|end_header_id|>
-
-{{ .Content }}<|eot_id|>
-{{- end }}<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
-
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>
 
 {{ .System }}<|eot_id|>{{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>
 
 {{ .Prompt }}<|eot_id|>{{ end }}<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>
 
-{{ .Response }}<|eot_id|>
-{{- end -}}
+{{ .Response }}<|eot_id|>

template/magicoder.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}@@ Instruction
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}@@ Response
-{{- end }}
-{{ .Content }}
-
-{{ end }}@@ Response
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
 
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}@@ Instruction
@@ -18,4 +6,3 @@
 {{ end }}@@ Response
 {{ .Response }}
 
-{{ end -}}

template/mistral-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}[INST] {{ if and $.System (eq (len (slice $.Messages $index)) 1) }}{{ $.System }}
-{{ end }}{{ .Content }}
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}[/INST] {{ .Content }}</s>
-{{- end }}
-{{- end }}[/INST]
-{{- else -}}
-[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }} {{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}</s>
-{{- end -}}
+[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}</s>

template/openchat.gotmpl

@@ -1,11 +1 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}GPT4 Correct System: {{ .System }}<|end_of_turn|>
-{{- end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}GPT4 Correct
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }} User:
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }} Assistant:
-{{- end }} {{ .Content }}<|end_of_turn|>
-{{- end }}GPT4 Correct Assistant:
-{{- else -}}
-{{ if .System }}GPT4 Correct System: {{ .System }}<|end_of_turn|>{{ end }}GPT4 Correct User: {{ .Prompt }}<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: {{ .Response }}<|end_of_turn|>
-{{- end -}}
+{{ if .System }}GPT4 Correct System: {{ .System }}<|end_of_turn|>{{ end }}GPT4 Correct User: {{ .Prompt }}<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: {{ .Response }}<|end_of_turn|>

template/phi-3.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<|system|>
-{{ .System }}<|end|>
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}<|{{ .Role }}|>
-{{ .Content }}<|end|>
-{{ end }}<|assistant|>
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}<|system|>
 {{ .System }}<|end|>
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<|user|>
 {{ .Prompt }}<|end|>
 {{ end }}<|assistant|>
 {{ .Response }}<|end|>
-{{ end -}}

template/solar-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,16 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}### System:
-{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}### User:
-{{ .Content }}
-{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}### Assistant:
-{{ .Content }}</s>
-{{ end }}
-{{ end }}### Assistant:
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}### System:
 {{ .System }}
 
@@ -20,4 +7,3 @@
 {{ end }}### Assistant:
 {{ .Response }}</s>
 
-{{ end -}}

template/starcoder2-instruct.gotmpl

@@ -1,17 +1,3 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}### Instruction
-{{ .Content }}
-
-{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}### Response
-{{ .Content }}<|endoftext|>
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- end }}### Response
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
 
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}### Instruction
@@ -20,4 +6,3 @@
 {{ end }}### Response
 {{ .Response }}<|endoftext|>
 
-{{ end -}}

template/template.go

@@ -102,8 +102,15 @@ var response = parse.ActionNode{
 	},
 }
 
+var funcs = template.FuncMap{
+	"json": func(v any) string {
+		b, _ := json.Marshal(v)
+		return string(b)
+	},
+}
+
 func Parse(s string) (*Template, error) {
-	tmpl := template.New("").Option("missingkey=zero")
+	tmpl := template.New("").Option("missingkey=zero").Funcs(funcs)
 
 	tmpl, err := tmpl.Parse(s)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -127,7 +134,7 @@ func (t *Template) Vars() []string {
 	var vars []string
 	for _, tt := range t.Templates() {
 		for _, n := range tt.Root.Nodes {
-			vars = append(vars, parseNode(n)...)
+			vars = append(vars, Identifiers(n)...)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -143,34 +150,82 @@ func (t *Template) Vars() []string {
 
 type Values struct {
 	Messages []api.Message
+	api.Tools
+	Prompt string
+	Suffix string
 
 	// forceLegacy is a flag used to test compatibility with legacy templates
 	forceLegacy bool
 }
 
+func (t *Template) Subtree(fn func(parse.Node) bool) *template.Template {
+	var walk func(parse.Node) parse.Node
+	walk = func(n parse.Node) parse.Node {
+		if fn(n) {
+			return n
+		}
+
+		switch t := n.(type) {
+		case *parse.ListNode:
+			for _, c := range t.Nodes {
+				if n := walk(c); n != nil {
+					return n
+				}
+			}
+		case *parse.BranchNode:
+			for _, n := range []*parse.ListNode{t.List, t.ElseList} {
+				if n != nil {
+					if n := walk(n); n != nil {
+						return n
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		case *parse.IfNode:
+			return walk(&t.BranchNode)
+		case *parse.WithNode:
+			return walk(&t.BranchNode)
+		case *parse.RangeNode:
+			return walk(&t.BranchNode)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if n := walk(t.Tree.Root); n != nil {
+		return (&template.Template{
+			Tree: &parse.Tree{
+				Root: &parse.ListNode{
+					Nodes: []parse.Node{n},
+				},
+			},
+		}).Funcs(funcs)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (t *Template) Execute(w io.Writer, v Values) error {
-	system, collated := collate(v.Messages)
-	if !v.forceLegacy && slices.Contains(t.Vars(), "messages") {
+	system, messages := collate(v.Messages)
+	if v.Prompt != "" && v.Suffix != "" {
+		return t.Template.Execute(w, map[string]any{
+			"Prompt":   v.Prompt,
+			"Suffix":   v.Suffix,
+			"Response": "",
+		})
+	} else if !v.forceLegacy && slices.Contains(t.Vars(), "messages") {
 		return t.Template.Execute(w, map[string]any{
 			"System":   system,
-			"Messages": collated,
+			"Messages": messages,
+			"Tools":    v.Tools,
+			"Response": "",
 		})
 	}
 
+	system = ""
 	var b bytes.Buffer
 	var prompt, response string
-	for i, m := range collated {
-		switch m.Role {
-		case "user":
-			prompt = m.Content
-			if i != 0 {
-				system = ""
-			}
-		case "assistant":
-			response = m.Content
-		}
-
-		if i != len(collated)-1 && prompt != "" && response != "" {
+	for _, m := range messages {
+		execute := func() error {
 			if err := t.Template.Execute(&b, map[string]any{
 				"System":   system,
 				"Prompt":   prompt,
@@ -179,19 +234,37 @@ func (t *Template) Execute(w io.Writer, v Values) error {
 				return err
 			}
 
+			system = ""
 			prompt = ""
 			response = ""
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		switch m.Role {
+		case "system":
+			if prompt != "" || response != "" {
+				if err := execute(); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			system = m.Content
+		case "user":
+			if response != "" {
+				if err := execute(); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			prompt = m.Content
+		case "assistant":
+			response = m.Content
 		}
 	}
 
 	var cut bool
 	nodes := deleteNode(t.Template.Root.Copy(), func(n parse.Node) bool {
-		switch t := n.(type) {
-		case *parse.ActionNode:
-		case *parse.FieldNode:
-			if slices.Contains(t.Ident, "Response") {
-				cut = true
-			}
+		if field, ok := n.(*parse.FieldNode); ok && slices.Contains(field.Ident, "Response") {
+			cut = true
+			return false
 		}
 
 		return cut
@@ -199,8 +272,9 @@ func (t *Template) Execute(w io.Writer, v Values) error {
 
 	tree := parse.Tree{Root: nodes.(*parse.ListNode)}
 	if err := template.Must(template.New("").AddParseTree("", &tree)).Execute(&b, map[string]any{
-		"System": "",
-		"Prompt": prompt,
+		"System":   system,
+		"Prompt":   prompt,
+		"Response": response,
 	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -209,25 +283,16 @@ func (t *Template) Execute(w io.Writer, v Values) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-type messages []*api.Message
-
 // collate messages based on role. consecutive messages of the same role are merged
-// into a single message. collate also pulls out and merges messages with Role == "system"
-// which are templated separately. As a side effect, it mangles message content adding image
-// tags ([img-%d]) as needed
-func collate(msgs []api.Message) (system string, collated messages) {
+// into a single message. collate also collects and returns all system messages.
+// collate mutates message content adding image tags ([img-%d]) as needed
+func collate(msgs []api.Message) (string, []*api.Message) {
 	var n int
+
+	var system []string
+	var collated []*api.Message
 	for i := range msgs {
 		msg := msgs[i]
-		if msg.Role == "system" {
-			if system != "" {
-				system += "\n\n"
-			}
-
-			system += msg.Content
-			continue
-		}
-
 		for range msg.Images {
 			imageTag := fmt.Sprintf("[img-%d]", n)
 			if !strings.Contains(msg.Content, "[img]") {
@@ -238,6 +303,10 @@ func collate(msgs []api.Message) (system string, collated messages) {
 			n++
 		}
 
+		if msg.Role == "system" {
+			system = append(system, msg.Content)
+		}
+
 		if len(collated) > 0 && collated[len(collated)-1].Role == msg.Role {
 			collated[len(collated)-1].Content += "\n\n" + msg.Content
 		} else {
@@ -245,53 +314,49 @@ func collate(msgs []api.Message) (system string, collated messages) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return
+	return strings.Join(system, "\n\n"), collated
 }
 
-func parseNode(n parse.Node) []string {
+// Identifiers walks the node tree returning any identifiers it finds along the way
+func Identifiers(n parse.Node) []string {
 	switch n := n.(type) {
+	case *parse.ListNode:
+		var names []string
+		for _, n := range n.Nodes {
+			names = append(names, Identifiers(n)...)
+		}
+
+		return names
+	case *parse.TemplateNode:
+		return Identifiers(n.Pipe)
 	case *parse.ActionNode:
-		return parseNode(n.Pipe)
+		return Identifiers(n.Pipe)
+	case *parse.BranchNode:
+		names := Identifiers(n.Pipe)
+		for _, n := range []*parse.ListNode{n.List, n.ElseList} {
+			if n != nil {
+				names = append(names, Identifiers(n)...)
+			}
+		}
+		return names
 	case *parse.IfNode:
-		names := parseNode(n.Pipe)
-		names = append(names, parseNode(n.List)...)
-		if n.ElseList != nil {
-			names = append(names, parseNode(n.ElseList)...)
-		}
-		return names
+		return Identifiers(&n.BranchNode)
 	case *parse.RangeNode:
-		names := parseNode(n.Pipe)
-		names = append(names, parseNode(n.List)...)
-		if n.ElseList != nil {
-			names = append(names, parseNode(n.ElseList)...)
-		}
-		return names
+		return Identifiers(&n.BranchNode)
 	case *parse.WithNode:
-		names := parseNode(n.Pipe)
-		names = append(names, parseNode(n.List)...)
-		if n.ElseList != nil {
-			names = append(names, parseNode(n.ElseList)...)
-		}
-		return names
+		return Identifiers(&n.BranchNode)
 	case *parse.PipeNode:
 		var names []string
 		for _, c := range n.Cmds {
 			for _, a := range c.Args {
-				names = append(names, parseNode(a)...)
+				names = append(names, Identifiers(a)...)
 			}
 		}
-		return names
-	case *parse.ListNode:
-		var names []string
-		for _, n := range n.Nodes {
-			names = append(names, parseNode(n)...)
-		}
-
 		return names
 	case *parse.FieldNode:
 		return n.Ident
-	case *parse.TemplateNode:
-		return parseNode(n.Pipe)
+	case *parse.VariableNode:
+		return n.Ident
 	}
 
 	return nil

template/template_test.go

@@ -116,12 +116,20 @@ func TestTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 						t.Fatal(err)
 					}
 
-					if diff := cmp.Diff(actual.Bytes(), expect); diff != "" {
+					bts := actual.Bytes()
+
+					if slices.Contains([]string{"chatqa.gotmpl", "llama2-chat.gotmpl", "mistral-instruct.gotmpl", "openchat.gotmpl", "vicuna.gotmpl"}, match) && bts[len(bts)-1] == ' ' {
+						t.Log("removing trailing space from output")
+						bts = bts[:len(bts)-1]
+					}
+
+					if diff := cmp.Diff(bts, expect); diff != "" {
 						t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
 					}
 				})
 
 				t.Run("legacy", func(t *testing.T) {
+					t.Skip("legacy outputs are currently default outputs")
 					var legacy bytes.Buffer
 					if err := tmpl.Execute(&legacy, Values{Messages: tt, forceLegacy: true}); err != nil {
 						t.Fatal(err)
@@ -154,11 +162,13 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 		{"{{ .System }} {{ .Prompt }} {{ .Response }}", []string{"prompt", "response", "system"}},
 		{"{{ with .Tools }}{{ . }}{{ end }} {{ .System }} {{ .Prompt }}", []string{"prompt", "response", "system", "tools"}},
 		{"{{ range .Messages }}{{ .Role }} {{ .Content }}{{ end }}", []string{"content", "messages", "role"}},
-		{"{{ range .Messages }}{{ if eq .Role \"system\" }}SYSTEM: {{ .Content }}{{ else if eq .Role \"user\" }}USER: {{ .Content }}{{ else if eq .Role \"assistant\" }}ASSISTANT: {{ .Content }}{{ end }}{{ end }}", []string{"content", "messages", "role"}},
+		{`{{- range .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "system" }}SYSTEM:
+{{- else if eq .Role "user" }}USER:
+{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}ASSISTANT:
+{{- end }} {{ .Content }}
+{{- end }}`, []string{"content", "messages", "role"}},
 		{`{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<|im_start|>system
-{{ .System }}<|im_end|>
-{{ end }}
 {{- range .Messages }}<|im_start|>{{ .Role }}
 {{ .Content }}<|im_end|>
 {{ end }}<|im_start|>assistant
@@ -200,12 +210,17 @@ func TestExecuteWithMessages(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			"mistral",
 			[]template{
-				{"no response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}{{ "\n\n" }}{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] `},
-				{"response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}{{ "\n\n" }}{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}`},
-				{"messages", `{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}[INST] {{ if and (eq $index 0) $.System }}{{ $.System }}{{ "\n\n" }}
-{{- end }}{{ .Content }}[/INST] {{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}{{ .Content }}
-{{- end }}
+				{"no response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] `},
+				{"response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}`},
+				{"messages", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}
+{{- range .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}{{ .Content }}[/INST] {{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}{{ .Content }}[INST] {{ end }}
 {{- end }}`},
 			},
 			Values{
@@ -220,13 +235,17 @@ func TestExecuteWithMessages(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			"mistral system",
 			[]template{
-				{"no response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}{{ "\n\n" }}{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] `},
-				{"response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}{{ "\n\n" }}{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}`},
-				{"messages", `
-{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}[INST] {{ if and (eq $index 0) $.System }}{{ $.System }}{{ "\n\n" }}
-{{- end }}{{ .Content }}[/INST] {{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}{{ .Content }}
-{{- end }}
+				{"no response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] `},
+				{"response", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}{{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}`},
+				{"messages", `[INST] {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
+
+{{ end }}
+{{- range .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}{{ .Content }}[/INST] {{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}{{ .Content }}[INST] {{ end }}
 {{- end }}`},
 			},
 			Values{
@@ -241,6 +260,26 @@ func TestExecuteWithMessages(t *testing.T) {
 
 Hello friend![/INST] Hello human![INST] What is your name?[/INST] `,
 		},
+		{
+			"mistral assistant",
+			[]template{
+				{"no response", `[INST] {{ .Prompt }}[/INST] `},
+				{"response", `[INST] {{ .Prompt }}[/INST] {{ .Response }}`},
+				{"messages", `
+{{- range $i, $m := .Messages }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}[INST] {{ .Content }}[/INST] {{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}{{ .Content }}{{ end }}
+{{- end }}`},
+			},
+			Values{
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{Role: "user", Content: "Hello friend!"},
+					{Role: "assistant", Content: "Hello human!"},
+					{Role: "user", Content: "What is your name?"},
+					{Role: "assistant", Content: "My name is Ollama and I"},
+				},
+			},
+			`[INST] Hello friend![/INST] Hello human![INST] What is your name?[/INST] My name is Ollama and I`,
+		},
 		{
 			"chatml",
 			[]template{
@@ -253,12 +292,9 @@ Hello friend![/INST] Hello human![INST] What is your name?[/INST] `,
 {{ .Response }}<|im_end|>
 `},
 				{"messages", `
-{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}
-{{- if and (eq .Role "user") (eq $index 0) $.System }}<|im_start|>system
-{{ $.System }}<|im_end|>{{ "\n" }}
-{{- end }}<|im_start|>{{ .Role }}
-{{ .Content }}<|im_end|>{{ "\n" }}
-{{- end }}<|im_start|>assistant
+{{- range $index, $_ := .Messages }}<|im_start|>{{ .Role }}
+{{ .Content }}<|im_end|>
+{{ end }}<|im_start|>assistant
 `},
 			},
 			Values{
@@ -291,9 +327,11 @@ What is your name?<|im_end|>
 `},
 				{"messages", `
 {{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}Question: {{ .Content }}{{ "\n\n" }}
-{{- else if eq .Role "assistant" }}Answer: {{ .Content }}{{ "\n\n" }}
-{{- end }}
+{{- if eq .Role "user" }}Question: {{ .Content }}
+
+{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}Answer: {{ .Content }}
+
+{{ end }}
 {{- end }}Answer: `},
 			},
 			Values{
@@ -341,3 +379,38 @@ Answer: `,
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestExecuteWithSuffix(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpl, err := Parse(`{{- if .Suffix }}<PRE> {{ .Prompt }} <SUF>{{ .Suffix }} <MID>
+{{- else }}{{ .Prompt }}
+{{- end }}`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		values Values
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			"message", Values{Messages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hello"}}}, "hello",
+		},
+		{
+			"prompt suffix", Values{Prompt: "def add(", Suffix: "return x"}, "<PRE> def add( <SUF>return x <MID>",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var b bytes.Buffer
+			if err := tmpl.Execute(&b, tt.values); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(b.String(), tt.expect); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("mismatch (-got +want):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

template/testdata/llama2-chat.gotmpl/system-user-assistant-user

@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@
 You are a helpful assistant.
 <</SYS>>
 
-Hello, how are you? [/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s><s>[INST] I'd like to show off how chat templating works! [/INST]
+Hello, how are you? [/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s><s>[INST] <<SYS>><</SYS>>
+
+I'd like to show off how chat templating works! [/INST]

template/testdata/llama2-chat.gotmpl/user-assistant-user

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 [INST] <<SYS>><</SYS>>
 
-Hello, how are you? [/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s><s>[INST] I'd like to show off how chat templating works! [/INST]
+Hello, how are you? [/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s><s>[INST] <<SYS>><</SYS>>
+
+I'd like to show off how chat templating works! [/INST]

template/testdata/mistral-instruct.gotmpl/system-user-assistant-user

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-[INST] Hello, how are you?[/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s>[INST] You are a helpful assistant.
-I'd like to show off how chat templating works![/INST]
+[INST] You are a helpful assistant.
+
+Hello, how are you?[/INST] I'm doing great. How can I help you today?</s>[INST] I'd like to show off how chat templating works![/INST]

template/vicuna.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,4 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}{{ .System }}
-
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}
-{{- if eq .Role "user" }}USER: {{ .Content }}
-{{ else if eq .Role "assistant" }}ASSISTANT: {{ .Content }}</s>
-{{ end }}
-{{- end }}ASSISTANT:
-{{- else -}}
 {{ if .System }}{{ .System }}
 
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}USER: {{ .Prompt }}
 {{ end }}ASSISTANT: {{ .Response }}</s>
-{{ end -}}

template/zephyr.gotmpl

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
-{{- if .Messages }}
-{{- if .System }}<|system|>
-{{ .System }}</s>
-{{ end }}
-{{- range .Messages }}<|{{ .Role }}|>
-{{ .Content }}</s>
-{{ end }}<|assistant|>
-{{ else -}}
 {{ if .System }}<|system|>
 {{ .System }}</s>
 {{ end }}{{ if .Prompt }}<|user|>
 {{ .Prompt }}</s>
 {{ end }}<|assistant|>
 {{ .Response }}</s>
-{{ end -}}