fix dangling pointer

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.ai/instructions.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
 ## 2. Core Technologies & Stack
 
-*   **Languages:** Python (>=3.10), C++ (gnu++20)
+*   **Languages:** Python (>=3.11), C++ (gnu++20)
 *   **Frameworks & Runtimes:** PlatformIO, Arduino, ESP-IDF.
 *   **Build Systems:** PlatformIO is the primary build system. CMake is used as an alternative.
 *   **Configuration:** YAML.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     5.  **Dashboard** (`esphome/dashboard/`): A web-based interface for device configuration, management, and OTA updates.
 
 *   **Platform Support:**
-    1.  **ESP32** (`components/esp32/`): Espressif ESP32 family. Supports multiple variants (S2, S3, C3, etc.) and both IDF and Arduino frameworks.
+    1.  **ESP32** (`components/esp32/`): Espressif ESP32 family. Supports multiple variants (Original, C2, C3, C5, C6, H2, P4, S2, S3) with ESP-IDF framework. Arduino framework supports only a subset of the variants (Original, C3, S2, S3).
     2.  **ESP8266** (`components/esp8266/`): Espressif ESP8266. Arduino framework only, with memory constraints.
     3.  **RP2040** (`components/rp2040/`): Raspberry Pi Pico/RP2040. Arduino framework with PIO (Programmable I/O) support.
     4.  **LibreTiny** (`components/libretiny/`): Realtek and Beken chips. Supports multiple chip families and auto-generated components.
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         ├── __init__.py          # Component configuration schema and code generation
         ├── [component].h        # C++ header file (if needed)
         ├── [component].cpp      # C++ implementation (if needed)
-        └── [platform]/         # Platform-specific implementations
+        └── [platform]/          # Platform-specific implementations
             ├── __init__.py      # Platform-specific configuration
             ├── [platform].h     # Platform C++ header
             └── [platform].cpp   # Platform C++ implementation
@@ -150,7 +150,8 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 *   **Configuration Validation:**
     *   **Common Validators:** `cv.int_`, `cv.float_`, `cv.string`, `cv.boolean`, `cv.int_range(min=0, max=100)`, `cv.positive_int`, `cv.percentage`.
     *   **Complex Validation:** `cv.All(cv.string, cv.Length(min=1, max=50))`, `cv.Any(cv.int_, cv.string)`.
-    *   **Platform-Specific:** `cv.only_on(["esp32", "esp8266"])`, `cv.only_with_arduino`.
+    *   **Platform-Specific:** `cv.only_on(["esp32", "esp8266"])`, `esp32.only_on_variant(...)`, `cv.only_on_esp32`, `cv.only_on_esp8266`, `cv.only_on_rp2040`.
+    *   **Framework-Specific:** `cv.only_with_framework(...)`, `cv.only_with_arduino`, `cv.only_with_esp_idf`.
     *   **Schema Extensions:**
         ```python
         CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({ ... })
@@ -168,6 +169,8 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     *   `platformio.ini`: Configures the PlatformIO build environments for different microcontrollers.
     *   `.pre-commit-config.yaml`: Configures the pre-commit hooks for linting and formatting.
 *   **CI/CD Pipeline:** Defined in `.github/workflows`.
+*   **Static Analysis & Development:**
+    *   `esphome/core/defines.h`: A comprehensive header file containing all `#define` directives that can be added by components using `cg.add_define()` in Python. This file is used exclusively for development, static analysis tools, and CI testing - it is not used during runtime compilation. When developing components that add new defines, they must be added to this file to ensure proper IDE support and static analysis coverage. The file includes feature flags, build configurations, and platform-specific defines that help static analyzers understand the complete codebase without needing to compile for specific platforms.
 
 ## 6. Development & Testing Workflow
 

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-32b0db73b3ae01ba18c9cbb1dabbd8156bc14dded500471919bd0a3dc33916e0
+499db61c1aa55b98b6629df603a56a1ba7aff5a9a7c781a5c1552a9dcd186c08

.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.18.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 # v6.18.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.18.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@263435318d21b8e681c14492fe198d362a7d2c83 # v6.18.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
       id: cache-venv
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.3
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
       with:
         path: venv
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.sender.type != 'Bot'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@67018539274d69449ef7c02e8e71183d1719ab42 # v2
         with:
           app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
       - name: Auto Label PR
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
           script: |
@@ -63,7 +63,11 @@ jobs:
               'needs-docs',
               'needs-codeowners',
               'too-big',
-              'labeller-recheck'
+              'labeller-recheck',
+              'bugfix',
+              'new-feature',
+              'breaking-change',
+              'code-quality'
             ];
 
             const DOCS_PR_PATTERNS = [
@@ -101,7 +105,9 @@ jobs:
 
             // Calculate data from PR files
             const changedFiles = prFiles.map(file => file.filename);
-            const totalChanges = prFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0) + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
+            const totalAdditions = prFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0), 0);
+            const totalDeletions = prFiles.reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
+            const totalChanges = totalAdditions + totalDeletions;
 
             console.log('Current labels:', currentLabels.join(', '));
             console.log('Changed files:', changedFiles.length);
@@ -227,16 +233,21 @@ jobs:
             // Strategy: PR size detection
             async function detectPRSize() {
               const labels = new Set();
-              const testChanges = prFiles
-                .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
-                .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0) + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
-
-              const nonTestChanges = totalChanges - testChanges;
 
               if (totalChanges <= SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD) {
                 labels.add('small-pr');
+                return labels;
               }
 
+              const testAdditions = prFiles
+                .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
+                .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0), 0);
+              const testDeletions = prFiles
+                .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
+                .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
+
+              const nonTestChanges = (totalAdditions - testAdditions) - (totalDeletions - testDeletions);
+
               // Don't add too-big if mega-pr label is already present
               if (nonTestChanges > TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD && !isMegaPR) {
                 labels.add('too-big');
@@ -341,17 +352,42 @@ jobs:
               return labels;
             }
 
+            // Strategy: PR Template Checkbox detection
+            async function detectPRTemplateCheckboxes() {
+              const labels = new Set();
+              const prBody = context.payload.pull_request.body || '';
+
+              console.log('Checking PR template checkboxes...');
+
+              // Check for checked checkboxes in the "Types of changes" section
+              const checkboxPatterns = [
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] Bugfix \(non-breaking change which fixes an issue\)/i, label: 'bugfix' },
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests/i, label: 'code-quality' }
+              ];
+
+              for (const { pattern, label } of checkboxPatterns) {
+                if (pattern.test(prBody)) {
+                  console.log(`Found checked checkbox for: ${label}`);
+                  labels.add(label);
+                }
+              }
+
+              return labels;
+            }
+
             // Strategy: Requirements detection
             async function detectRequirements(allLabels) {
               const labels = new Set();
 
               // Check for missing tests
-              if ((allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform')) && !allLabels.has('has-tests')) {
+              if ((allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform') || allLabels.has('new-feature')) && !allLabels.has('has-tests')) {
                 labels.add('needs-tests');
               }
 
               // Check for missing docs
-              if (allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform')) {
+              if (allLabels.has('new-component') || allLabels.has('new-platform') || allLabels.has('new-feature')) {
                 const prBody = context.payload.pull_request.body || '';
                 const hasDocsLink = DOCS_PR_PATTERNS.some(pattern => pattern.test(prBody));
 
@@ -383,10 +419,13 @@ jobs:
 
               // Too big message
               if (finalLabels.includes('too-big')) {
-                const testChanges = prFiles
+                const testAdditions = prFiles
                   .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
-                  .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0) + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
-                const nonTestChanges = totalChanges - testChanges;
+                  .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0), 0);
+                const testDeletions = prFiles
+                  .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
+                  .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.deletions || 0), 0);
+                const nonTestChanges = (totalAdditions - testAdditions) - (totalDeletions - testDeletions);
 
                 const tooManyLabels = finalLabels.length > MAX_LABELS;
                 const tooManyChanges = nonTestChanges > TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD;
@@ -535,7 +574,8 @@ jobs:
               dashboardLabels,
               actionsLabels,
               codeOwnerLabels,
-              testLabels
+              testLabels,
+              checkboxLabels
             ] = await Promise.all([
               detectMergeBranch(),
               detectComponentPlatforms(apiData),
@@ -546,7 +586,8 @@ jobs:
               detectDashboardChanges(),
               detectGitHubActionsChanges(),
               detectCodeOwner(),
-              detectTests()
+              detectTests(),
+              detectPRTemplateCheckboxes()
             ]);
 
             // Combine all labels
@@ -560,7 +601,8 @@ jobs:
               ...dashboardLabels,
               ...actionsLabels,
               ...codeOwnerLabels,
-              ...testLabels
+              ...testLabels,
+              ...checkboxLabels
             ]);
 
             // Detect requirements based on all other labels

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
       - if: failure()
         name: Review PR
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             await github.rest.pulls.createReview({
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git diff
       - if: failure()
         name: Archive artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: generated-proto-files
           path: |
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
             esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.*
       - if: success()
         name: Dismiss review
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             let reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({

.github/workflows/ci-clang-tidy-hash.yml

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - if: failure()
         name: Request changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             await github.rest.pulls.createReview({
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - if: success()
         name: Dismiss review
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             let reviews = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ jobs:
           - "docker"
           # - "lint"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.11.1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 # v3.11.1
 
       - name: Set TAG
         run: |

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ jobs:
           script/ci-custom.py
           script/build_codeowners.py --check
           script/build_language_schema.py --check
+          script/generate-esp32-boards.py --check
 
   pytest:
     name: Run pytest
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -156,12 +157,12 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5.4.3
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@5a1091511ad55cbe89839c7260b706298ca349f7 # v5.5.1
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
       - name: Save Python virtual environment cache
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache/save@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
       component-test-count: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-count }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Fetch enough history to find the merge base
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -214,15 +215,15 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-tests == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -281,13 +282,13 @@ jobs:
             pio_cache_key: tidyesp32-idf
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ZEPHYR
-            options: --environment nrf52-tidy --grep USE_ZEPHYR
+            options: --environment nrf52-tidy --grep USE_ZEPHYR --grep USE_NRF52
             pio_cache_key: tidy-zephyr
             ignore_errors: false
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -300,14 +301,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.3
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -374,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix: ${{ steps.split.outputs.components }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Split components into 20 groups
         id: split
         run: |
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -459,16 +460,16 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.base_ref != 'beta' && github.base_ref != 'release'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+      - uses: esphome/action@43cd1109c09c544d97196f7730ee5b2e0cc6d81e # v3.0.1 fork with pinned actions/cache
         env:
           SKIP: pylint,clang-tidy-hash
-      - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@v1.1.0
+      - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@5d6cc0eb514c891a40562a58a8e71576c5c7fb43 # v1.1.0
         if: always()
 
   ci-status:

.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Request reviews from component codeowners
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const owner = context.repo.owner;

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ jobs:
             # your codebase is analyzed, see https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@64d10c13136e1c5bce3e5fbde8d4906eeaafc885 # v3.30.6
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@64d10c13136e1c5bce3e5fbde8d4906eeaafc885 # v3.30.6
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/external-component-bot.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Add external component comment
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/issue-codeowner-notify.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Notify codeowners for component issues
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const owner = context.repo.owner;

.github/workflows/needs-docs.yml

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: Needs Docs
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    types: [labeled, unlabeled]
-
-jobs:
-  check:
-    name: Check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Check for needs-docs label
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { data: labels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              issue_number: context.issue.number
-            });
-            const needsDocs = labels.find(label => label.name === 'needs-docs');
-            if (needsDocs) {
-              core.setFailed('Pull request needs docs');
-            }

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
       deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Build
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
           pip3 install build
           python3 -m build
       - name: Publish
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.12.4
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # v1.13.0
         with:
           skip-existing: true
 
@@ -92,22 +92,22 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.11.1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 # v3.11.1
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
       #     version: ${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}
 
       - name: Upload digests
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.6.2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: digests-${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
           path: /tmp/digests
@@ -168,27 +168,27 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4.3.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           pattern: digests-*
           path: /tmp/digests
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.11.1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@e468171a9de216ec08956ac3ada2f0791b6bd435 # v3.11.1
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: matrix.registry == 'ghcr'
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3.4.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ jobs:
       - deploy-manifest
     steps:
       - name: Trigger Workflow
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_HA_ADDON_REPO_TOKEN }}
           script: |
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ jobs:
     environment: ${{ needs.init.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
       - name: Trigger Workflow
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_ESPHOME_SCHEMA_REPO_TOKEN }}
           script: |

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -15,36 +15,52 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   stale:
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'esphome'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v9.1.0
+      - name: Stale
+        uses: actions/stale@3a9db7e6a41a89f618792c92c0e97cc736e1b13f # v10.0.0
         with:
+          debug-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }} # Dry-run when not run on dev branch
+          remove-stale-when-updated: true
+          operations-per-run: 150
+
+          # The 90 day stale policy for PRs
+          # - PRs
+          # - No PRs marked as "not-stale"
+          # - No Issues (see below)
           days-before-pr-stale: 90
           days-before-pr-close: 7
-          days-before-issue-stale: -1
-          days-before-issue-close: -1
-          remove-stale-when-updated: true
           stale-pr-label: "stale"
           exempt-pr-labels: "not-stale"
           stale-pr-message: >
             There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This
             pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that
             and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days.
-            Thank you for your contributions.
 
-  # Use stale to automatically close issues with a
-  # reference to the issue tracker
-  close-issues:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v9.1.0
-        with:
-          days-before-pr-stale: -1
-          days-before-pr-close: -1
-          days-before-issue-stale: 1
-          days-before-issue-close: 1
-          remove-stale-when-updated: true
+            If you are the author of this PR, please leave a comment if you want
+            to keep it open. Also, please rebase your PR onto the latest dev
+            branch to ensure that it's up to date with the latest changes.
+
+            Thank you for your contribution!
+
+          # The 90 day stale policy for Issues
+          # - Issues
+          # - No Issues marked as "not-stale"
+          # - No PRs (see above)
+          days-before-issue-stale: 90
+          days-before-issue-close: 7
           stale-issue-label: "stale"
           exempt-issue-labels: "not-stale"
           stale-issue-message: >
-            https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/430
+            There hasn't been any activity on this issue recently. Due to the
+            high number of incoming GitHub notifications, we have to clean some
+            of the old issues, as many of them have already been resolved with
+            the latest updates.
+
+            Please make sure to update to the latest ESPHome version and
+            check if that solves the issue. Let us know if that works for you by
+            adding a comment 👍
+
+            This issue has now been marked as stale and will be closed if no
+            further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Status check labels
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [labeled, unlabeled]
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check ${{ matrix.label }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        label:
+          - needs-docs
+          - merge-after-release
+    steps:
+      - name: Check for ${{ matrix.label }} label
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { data: labels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.issue.number
+            });
+            const hasLabel = labels.find(label => label.name === '${{ matrix.label }}');
+            if (hasLabel) {
+              core.setFailed('Pull request cannot be merged, it is labeled as ${{ matrix.label }}');
+            }

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4.2.2
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
 
@@ -30,13 +30,18 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install -e lib/home-assistant
+          pip install -r requirements_test.txt pre-commit
 
       - name: Sync
         run: |
           python ./script/sync-device_class.py
 
+      - name: Run pre-commit hooks
+        run: |
+          python script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run --all-files
+
       - name: Commit changes
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7.0.8
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@271a8d0340265f705b14b6d32b9829c1cb33d45e # v7.0.8
         with:
           commit-message: "Synchronise Device Classes from Home Assistant"
           committer: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.12.5
+    rev: v0.13.2
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ esphome/components/analog_threshold/* @ianchi
 esphome/components/animation/* @syndlex
 esphome/components/anova/* @buxtronix
 esphome/components/apds9306/* @aodrenah
-esphome/components/api/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/api/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/as5600/* @ammmze
 esphome/components/as5600/sensor/* @ammmze
 esphome/components/as7341/* @mrgnr
-esphome/components/async_tcp/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/async_tcp/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/at581x/* @X-Ryl669
 esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/* @ahpohl
 esphome/components/atm90e26/* @danieltwagner
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ esphome/components/binary_sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bk72xx/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/bl0906/* @athom-tech @jesserockz @tarontop
 esphome/components/bl0939/* @ziceva
-esphome/components/bl0940/* @tobias-
+esphome/components/bl0940/* @dan-s-github @tobias-
 esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
-esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bme280_spi/* @apbodrov
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/* @trvrnrth
@@ -88,10 +88,11 @@ esphome/components/bp1658cj/* @Cossid
 esphome/components/bp5758d/* @Cossid
 esphome/components/button/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bytebuffer/* @clydebarrow
-esphome/components/camera/* @DT-art1 @bdraco
+esphome/components/camera/* @bdraco @DT-art1
+esphome/components/camera_encoder/* @DT-art1
 esphome/components/canbus/* @danielschramm @mvturnho
 esphome/components/cap1188/* @mreditor97
-esphome/components/captive_portal/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/captive_portal/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/ccs811/* @habbie
 esphome/components/cd74hc4067/* @asoehlke
 esphome/components/ch422g/* @clydebarrow @jesterret
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ esphome/components/dallas_temp/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/daly_bms/* @s1lvi0
 esphome/components/dashboard_import/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/datetime/* @jesserockz @rfdarter
-esphome/components/debug/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/debug/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/delonghi/* @grob6000
 esphome/components/dfplayer/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/* @niklasweber
@@ -144,9 +145,10 @@ esphome/components/es8156/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/es8311/* @kahrendt @kroimon
 esphome/components/es8388/* @P4uLT
 esphome/components/esp32/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/esp32_ble/* @Rapsssito @jesserockz
-esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/* @jesserockz
-esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/* @Rapsssito @clydebarrow @jesserockz
+esphome/components/esp32_ble/* @bdraco @jesserockz @Rapsssito
+esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/* @bdraco @jesserockz
+esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/* @clydebarrow @jesserockz @Rapsssito
+esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/* @ayufan
 esphome/components/esp32_can/* @Sympatron
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/* @swoboda1337
@@ -155,16 +157,16 @@ esphome/components/esp32_rmt/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp8266/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/espnow/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/ethernet_info/* @gtjadsonsantos
 esphome/components/event/* @nohat
-esphome/components/event_emitter/* @Rapsssito
 esphome/components/exposure_notifications/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/ezo/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/* @carlos-sarmiento
 esphome/components/factory_reset/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/fastled_base/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/feedback/* @ianchi
-esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/* @OnFreund @alexborro @loongyh
+esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/* @alexborro @loongyh @OnFreund
 esphome/components/font/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core
 esphome/components/fs3000/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/ft5x06/* @clydebarrow
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal
 esphome/components/hm3301/* @freekode
 esphome/components/hmac_md5/* @dwmw2
-esphome/components/homeassistant/* @OttoWinter @esphome/core
+esphome/components/homeassistant/* @esphome/core @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/homeassistant/number/* @landonr
 esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/* @Links2004
 esphome/components/honeywell_hih_i2c/* @Benichou34
@@ -225,18 +227,18 @@ esphome/components/iaqcore/* @yozik04
 esphome/components/ili9xxx/* @clydebarrow @nielsnl68
 esphome/components/improv_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/improv_serial/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/ina226/* @Sergio303 @latonita
+esphome/components/ina226/* @latonita @Sergio303
 esphome/components/ina260/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/ina2xx_base/* @latonita
 esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/* @latonita
 esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/* @latonita
 esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/* @fkirill
-esphome/components/inkplate6/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/inkplate/* @jesserockz @JosipKuci
 esphome/components/integration/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/internal_temperature/* @Mat931
 esphome/components/interval/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/* @Mafus1
-esphome/components/json/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/json/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/* @cfeenstra1024
 esphome/components/key_collector/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/key_provider/* @ssieb
@@ -244,6 +246,7 @@ esphome/components/kuntze/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/lc709203f/* @ilikecake
 esphome/components/lcd_menu/* @numo68
 esphome/components/ld2410/* @regevbr @sebcaps
+esphome/components/ld2412/* @Rihan9
 esphome/components/ld2420/* @descipher
 esphome/components/ld2450/* @hareeshmu
 esphome/components/ld24xx/* @kbx81
@@ -273,8 +276,8 @@ esphome/components/max7219digit/* @rspaargaren
 esphome/components/max9611/* @mckaymatthew
 esphome/components/mcp23008/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp23017/* @jesserockz
-esphome/components/mcp23s08/* @SenexCrenshaw @jesserockz
-esphome/components/mcp23s17/* @SenexCrenshaw @jesserockz
+esphome/components/mcp23s08/* @jesserockz @SenexCrenshaw
+esphome/components/mcp23s17/* @jesserockz @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/* @jesserockz
@@ -295,6 +298,7 @@ esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/midea_ir/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/mipi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
@@ -338,7 +342,7 @@ esphome/components/ota/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/output/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/packet_transport/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/pca6416a/* @Mat931
-esphome/components/pca9554/* @clydebarrow @hwstar
+esphome/components/pca9554/* @bdraco @clydebarrow @hwstar
 esphome/components/pcf85063/* @brogon
 esphome/components/pcf8563/* @KoenBreeman
 esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/* @jesserockz
@@ -349,9 +353,9 @@ esphome/components/pm2005/* @andrewjswan
 esphome/components/pmsa003i/* @sjtrny
 esphome/components/pmsx003/* @ximex
 esphome/components/pmwcs3/* @SeByDocKy
-esphome/components/pn532/* @OttoWinter @jesserockz
-esphome/components/pn532_i2c/* @OttoWinter @jesserockz
-esphome/components/pn532_spi/* @OttoWinter @jesserockz
+esphome/components/pn532/* @jesserockz @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/pn532_i2c/* @jesserockz @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/pn532_spi/* @jesserockz @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/pn7150/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn7160/* @jesserockz @kbx81
@@ -360,7 +364,7 @@ esphome/components/pn7160_spi/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/power_supply/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/preferences/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/psram/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/pulse_meter/* @TrentHouliston @cstaahl @stevebaxter
+esphome/components/pulse_meter/* @cstaahl @stevebaxter @TrentHouliston
 esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/* @pasiz
 esphome/components/pylontech/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/qmp6988/* @andrewpc
@@ -401,7 +405,8 @@ esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
-esphome/components/sgp4x/* @SenexCrenshaw @martgras
+esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
+esphome/components/sha256/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/* @edge90 @rnauber
 esphome/components/sht3xd/* @mrtoy-me
 esphome/components/sht4x/* @sjtrny
@@ -466,13 +471,13 @@ esphome/components/template/event/* @nohat
 esphome/components/template/fan/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/text/* @mauritskorse
 esphome/components/thermostat/* @kbx81
-esphome/components/time/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/time/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/tlc5947/* @rnauber
 esphome/components/tlc5971/* @IJIJI
 esphome/components/tm1621/* @Philippe12
 esphome/components/tm1637/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/tm1638/* @skykingjwc
-esphome/components/tm1651/* @freekode
+esphome/components/tm1651/* @mrtoy-me
 esphome/components/tmp102/* @timsavage
 esphome/components/tmp1075/* @sybrenstuvel
 esphome/components/tmp117/* @Azimath
@@ -510,7 +515,7 @@ esphome/components/wake_on_lan/* @clydebarrow @willwill2will54
 esphome/components/watchdog/* @oarcher
 esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/web_server/ota/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/web_server_base/* @OttoWinter
+esphome/components/web_server_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/* @dentra
 esphome/components/weikai/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/weikai_i2c/* @DrCoolZic
@@ -528,6 +533,7 @@ esphome/components/wk2204_spi/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/wk2212_i2c/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/wk2212_spi/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/wl_134/* @hobbypunk90
+esphome/components/wts01/* @alepee
 esphome/components/x9c/* @EtienneMD
 esphome/components/xgzp68xx/* @gcormier
 esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/* @fariouche
@@ -543,3 +549,4 @@ esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zephyr/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024
 esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/zwave_proxy/* @kbx81

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.8.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.10.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

docker/build.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def main():
     def run_command(*cmd, ignore_error: bool = False):
         print(f"$ {shlex.join(list(cmd))}")
         if not args.dry_run:
-            rc = subprocess.call(list(cmd))
+            rc = subprocess.call(list(cmd), close_fds=False)
             if rc != 0 and not ignore_error:
                 print("Command failed")
                 sys.exit(1)

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -6,17 +6,21 @@ import getpass
 import importlib
 import logging
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
 import time
+from typing import Protocol
 
 import argcomplete
 
 from esphome import const, writer, yaml_util
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.mqtt import CONF_DISCOVER_IP
 from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, read_config, strip_default_ids
 from esphome.const import (
     ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS,
+    CONF_API,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
     CONF_DEASSERT_RTS_DTR,
@@ -42,8 +46,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     SECRETS_FILES,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, coroutine
+from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, indent, is_ip_address
 from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color, setup_log
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import (
     get_serial_ports,
     list_yaml_files,
@@ -55,6 +61,23 @@ from esphome.util import (
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+class ArgsProtocol(Protocol):
+    device: list[str] | None
+    reset: bool
+    username: str | None
+    password: str | None
+    client_id: str | None
+    topic: str | None
+    file: str | None
+    no_logs: bool
+    only_generate: bool
+    show_secrets: bool
+    dashboard: bool
+    configuration: str
+    name: str
+    upload_speed: str | None
+
+
 def choose_prompt(options, purpose: str = None):
     if not options:
         raise EsphomeError(
@@ -87,51 +110,183 @@ def choose_prompt(options, purpose: str = None):
     return options[opt - 1][1]
 
 
+class Purpose(StrEnum):
+    UPLOADING = "uploading"
+    LOGGING = "logging"
+
+
+def _resolve_with_cache(address: str, purpose: Purpose) -> list[str]:
+    """Resolve an address using cache if available, otherwise return the address itself."""
+    if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(address)):
+        _LOGGER.debug("Using cached addresses for %s: %s", purpose.value, cached)
+        return cached
+    return [address]
+
+
 def choose_upload_log_host(
-    default, check_default, show_ota, show_mqtt, show_api, purpose: str = None
-):
+    default: list[str] | str | None,
+    check_default: str | None,
+    purpose: Purpose,
+) -> list[str]:
+    # Convert to list for uniform handling
+    defaults = [default] if isinstance(default, str) else default or []
+
+    # If devices specified, resolve them
+    if defaults:
+        resolved: list[str] = []
+        for device in defaults:
+            if device == "SERIAL":
+                serial_ports = get_serial_ports()
+                if not serial_ports:
+                    _LOGGER.warning("No serial ports found, skipping SERIAL device")
+                    continue
+                options = [
+                    (f"{port.path} ({port.description})", port.path)
+                    for port in serial_ports
+                ]
+                resolved.append(choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose))
+            elif device == "OTA":
+                # ensure IP adresses are used first
+                if is_ip_address(CORE.address) and (
+                    (purpose == Purpose.LOGGING and has_api())
+                    or (purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota())
+                ):
+                    resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
+
+                if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING:
+                    if has_api() and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+                        resolved.append("MQTTIP")
+
+                    if has_mqtt_logging():
+                        resolved.append("MQTT")
+
+                    if has_api() and has_non_ip_address():
+                        resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
+
+                elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING:
+                    if has_ota() and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+                        resolved.append("MQTTIP")
+
+                    if has_ota() and has_non_ip_address():
+                        resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
+            else:
+                resolved.append(device)
+        if not resolved:
+            _LOGGER.error("All specified devices: %s could not be resolved.", defaults)
+        return resolved
+
+    # No devices specified, show interactive chooser
     options = [
         (f"{port.path} ({port.description})", port.path) for port in get_serial_ports()
     ]
-    if default == "SERIAL":
-        return choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose)
-    if (show_ota and "ota" in CORE.config) or (show_api and "api" in CORE.config):
-        options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
-        if default == "OTA":
-            return CORE.address
-    if (
-        show_mqtt
-        and (mqtt_config := CORE.config.get(CONF_MQTT))
-        and mqtt_logging_enabled(mqtt_config)
-    ):
-        options.append((f"MQTT ({mqtt_config[CONF_BROKER]})", "MQTT"))
-        if default == "OTA":
-            return "MQTT"
-    if default is not None:
-        return default
+
+    if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING:
+        if has_mqtt_logging():
+            mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
+            options.append((f"MQTT ({mqtt_config[CONF_BROKER]})", "MQTT"))
+
+        if has_api():
+            if has_resolvable_address():
+                options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
+            if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+                options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
+
+    elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota():
+        if has_resolvable_address():
+            options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
+        if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+            options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
+
     if check_default is not None and check_default in [opt[1] for opt in options]:
-        return check_default
-    return choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose)
+        return [check_default]
+    return [choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose)]
 
 
-def mqtt_logging_enabled(mqtt_config):
+def has_mqtt_logging() -> bool:
+    """Check if MQTT logging is available."""
+    if CONF_MQTT not in CORE.config:
+        return False
+
+    mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
+
+    # enabled by default
+    if CONF_LOG_TOPIC not in mqtt_config:
+        return True
+
     log_topic = mqtt_config[CONF_LOG_TOPIC]
     if log_topic is None:
         return False
+
     if CONF_TOPIC not in log_topic:
         return False
+
     return log_topic.get(CONF_LEVEL, None) != "NONE"
 
 
-def get_port_type(port):
+def has_mqtt() -> bool:
+    """Check if MQTT is available."""
+    return CONF_MQTT in CORE.config
+
+
+def has_api() -> bool:
+    """Check if API is available."""
+    return CONF_API in CORE.config
+
+
+def has_ota() -> bool:
+    """Check if OTA is available."""
+    return CONF_OTA in CORE.config
+
+
+def has_mqtt_ip_lookup() -> bool:
+    """Check if MQTT is available and IP lookup is supported."""
+    if CONF_MQTT not in CORE.config:
+        return False
+    # Default Enabled
+    if CONF_DISCOVER_IP not in CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]:
+        return True
+    return CORE.config[CONF_MQTT][CONF_DISCOVER_IP]
+
+
+def has_mdns() -> bool:
+    """Check if MDNS is available."""
+    return CONF_MDNS not in CORE.config or not CORE.config[CONF_MDNS][CONF_DISABLED]
+
+
+def has_non_ip_address() -> bool:
+    """Check if CORE.address is set and is not an IP address."""
+    return CORE.address is not None and not is_ip_address(CORE.address)
+
+
+def has_ip_address() -> bool:
+    """Check if CORE.address is a valid IP address."""
+    return CORE.address is not None and is_ip_address(CORE.address)
+
+
+def has_resolvable_address() -> bool:
+    """Check if CORE.address is resolvable (via mDNS or is an IP address)."""
+    return has_mdns() or has_ip_address()
+
+
+def mqtt_get_ip(config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str):
+    from esphome import mqtt
+
+    return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(config, username, password, client_id)
+
+
+_PORT_TO_PORT_TYPE = {
+    "MQTT": "MQTT",
+    "MQTTIP": "MQTTIP",
+}
+
+
+def get_port_type(port: str) -> str:
     if port.startswith("/") or port.startswith("COM"):
         return "SERIAL"
-    if port == "MQTT":
-        return "MQTT"
-    return "NETWORK"
+    return _PORT_TO_PORT_TYPE.get(port, "NETWORK")
 
 
-def run_miniterm(config, port, args):
+def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
     from aioesphomeapi import LogParser
     import serial
 
@@ -173,7 +328,9 @@ def run_miniterm(config, port, args):
                         .replace(b"\n", b"")
                         .decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
                     )
-                    time_str = datetime.now().time().strftime("[%H:%M:%S]")
+                    time_ = datetime.now()
+                    nanoseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
+                    time_str = f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{nanoseconds:03}]"
                     safe_print(parser.parse_line(line, time_str))
 
                     backtrace_state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(
@@ -208,7 +365,7 @@ def wrap_to_code(name, comp):
     return wrapped
 
 
-def write_cpp(config):
+def write_cpp(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     if not get_bool_env(ENV_NOGITIGNORE):
         writer.write_gitignore()
 
@@ -216,7 +373,7 @@ def write_cpp(config):
     return write_cpp_file()
 
 
-def generate_cpp_contents(config):
+def generate_cpp_contents(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     _LOGGER.info("Generating C++ source...")
 
     for name, component, conf in iter_component_configs(CORE.config):
@@ -227,7 +384,7 @@ def generate_cpp_contents(config):
     CORE.flush_tasks()
 
 
-def write_cpp_file():
+def write_cpp_file() -> int:
     code_s = indent(CORE.cpp_main_section)
     writer.write_cpp(code_s)
 
@@ -238,7 +395,7 @@ def write_cpp_file():
     return 0
 
 
-def compile_program(args, config):
+def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     from esphome import platformio_api
 
     _LOGGER.info("Compiling app...")
@@ -249,7 +406,9 @@ def compile_program(args, config):
     return 0 if idedata is not None else 1
 
 
-def upload_using_esptool(config, port, file, speed):
+def upload_using_esptool(
+    config: ConfigType, port: str, file: str, speed: int
+) -> str | int:
     from esphome import platformio_api
 
     first_baudrate = speed or config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS].get(
@@ -277,24 +436,24 @@ def upload_using_esptool(config, port, file, speed):
 
     def run_esptool(baud_rate):
         cmd = [
-            "esptool.py",
+            "esptool",
             "--before",
-            "default_reset",
+            "default-reset",
             "--after",
-            "hard_reset",
+            "hard-reset",
             "--baud",
             str(baud_rate),
             "--port",
             port,
             "--chip",
             mcu,
-            "write_flash",
+            "write-flash",
             "-z",
-            "--flash_size",
+            "--flash-size",
             "detect",
         ]
         for img in flash_images:
-            cmd += [img.offset, img.path]
+            cmd += [img.offset, str(img.path)]
 
         if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_USE_SUBPROCESS") is None:
             import esptool
@@ -314,7 +473,7 @@ def upload_using_esptool(config, port, file, speed):
     return run_esptool(115200)
 
 
-def upload_using_platformio(config, port):
+def upload_using_platformio(config: ConfigType, port: str):
     from esphome import platformio_api
 
     upload_args = ["-t", "upload", "-t", "nobuild"]
@@ -323,7 +482,7 @@ def upload_using_platformio(config, port):
     return platformio_api.run_platformio_cli_run(config, CORE.verbose, *upload_args)
 
 
-def check_permissions(port):
+def check_permissions(port: str):
     if os.name == "posix" and get_port_type(port) == "SERIAL":
         # Check if we can open selected serial port
         if not os.access(port, os.F_OK):
@@ -341,27 +500,29 @@ def check_permissions(port):
             )
 
 
-def upload_program(config, args, host):
+def upload_program(
+    config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]
+) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
+    host = devices[0]
     try:
         module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
         if getattr(module, "upload_program")(config, args, host):
-            return 0
+            return 0, host
     except AttributeError:
         pass
 
     if get_port_type(host) == "SERIAL":
         check_permissions(host)
+
+        exit_code = 1
         if CORE.target_platform in (PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266):
             file = getattr(args, "file", None)
-            return upload_using_esptool(config, host, file, args.upload_speed)
+            exit_code = upload_using_esptool(config, host, file, args.upload_speed)
+        elif CORE.target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2040 or CORE.is_libretiny:
+            exit_code = upload_using_platformio(config, host)
+        # else: Unknown target platform, exit_code remains 1
 
-        if CORE.target_platform in (PLATFORM_RP2040):
-            return upload_using_platformio(config, args.device)
-
-        if CORE.is_libretiny:
-            return upload_using_platformio(config, host)
-
-        return 1  # Unknown target platform
+        return exit_code, host if exit_code == 0 else None
 
     ota_conf = {}
     for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, []):
@@ -378,45 +539,56 @@ def upload_program(config, args, host):
 
     remote_port = int(ota_conf[CONF_PORT])
     password = ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD, "")
-
-    if (
-        CONF_MQTT in config  # pylint: disable=too-many-boolean-expressions
-        and (not args.device or args.device in ("MQTT", "OTA"))
-        and (
-            ((config[CONF_MDNS][CONF_DISABLED]) and not is_ip_address(CORE.address))
-            or get_port_type(host) == "MQTT"
-        )
-    ):
-        from esphome import mqtt
-
-        host = mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(
-            config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
-        )
-
     if getattr(args, "file", None) is not None:
-        return espota2.run_ota(host, remote_port, password, args.file)
+        binary = Path(args.file)
+    else:
+        binary = CORE.firmware_bin
 
-    return espota2.run_ota(host, remote_port, password, CORE.firmware_bin)
+    # MQTT address resolution
+    if get_port_type(host) in ("MQTT", "MQTTIP"):
+        devices = mqtt_get_ip(config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id)
+
+    return espota2.run_ota(devices, remote_port, password, binary)
 
 
-def show_logs(config, args, port):
+def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int | None:
+    try:
+        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
+        if getattr(module, "show_logs")(config, args, devices):
+            return 0
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
     if "logger" not in config:
         raise EsphomeError("Logger is not configured!")
+
+    port = devices[0]
+
     if get_port_type(port) == "SERIAL":
         check_permissions(port)
         return run_miniterm(config, port, args)
-    if get_port_type(port) == "NETWORK" and "api" in config:
-        if config[CONF_MDNS][CONF_DISABLED] and CONF_MQTT in config:
-            from esphome import mqtt
 
-            port = mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(
+    port_type = get_port_type(port)
+
+    # Check if we should use API for logging
+    if has_api():
+        addresses_to_use: list[str] | None = None
+
+        if port_type == "NETWORK" and (has_mdns() or is_ip_address(port)):
+            addresses_to_use = devices
+        elif port_type in ("NETWORK", "MQTT", "MQTTIP") and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+            # Only use MQTT IP lookup if the first condition didn't match
+            # (for MQTT/MQTTIP types, or for NETWORK when mdns/ip check fails)
+            addresses_to_use = mqtt_get_ip(
                 config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
-            )[0]
+            )
 
-        from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
+        if addresses_to_use is not None:
+            from esphome.components.api.client import run_logs
 
-        return run_logs(config, port)
-    if get_port_type(port) == "MQTT" and "mqtt" in config:
+            return run_logs(config, addresses_to_use)
+
+    if port_type in ("NETWORK", "MQTT") and has_mqtt_logging():
         from esphome import mqtt
 
         return mqtt.show_logs(
@@ -426,7 +598,7 @@ def show_logs(config, args, port):
     raise EsphomeError("No remote or local logging method configured (api/mqtt/logger)")
 
 
-def clean_mqtt(config, args):
+def clean_mqtt(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     from esphome import mqtt
 
     return mqtt.clear_topic(
@@ -434,13 +606,13 @@ def clean_mqtt(config, args):
     )
 
 
-def command_wizard(args):
+def command_wizard(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     from esphome import wizard
 
-    return wizard.wizard(args.configuration)
+    return wizard.wizard(Path(args.configuration))
 
 
-def command_config(args, config):
+def command_config(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if not CORE.verbose:
         config = strip_default_ids(config)
     output = yaml_util.dump(config, args.show_secrets)
@@ -455,7 +627,7 @@ def command_config(args, config):
     return 0
 
 
-def command_vscode(args):
+def command_vscode(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     from esphome import vscode
 
     logging.disable(logging.INFO)
@@ -463,7 +635,7 @@ def command_vscode(args):
     vscode.read_config(args)
 
 
-def command_compile(args, config):
+def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     # Set memory analysis options in config
     if args.analyze_memory:
         config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["analyze_memory"] = True
@@ -484,23 +656,23 @@ def command_compile(args, config):
     return 0
 
 
-def command_upload(args, config):
-    port = choose_upload_log_host(
+def command_upload(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
+    # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
+    devices = choose_upload_log_host(
         default=args.device,
         check_default=None,
-        show_ota=True,
-        show_mqtt=False,
-        show_api=False,
-        purpose="uploading",
+        purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
     )
-    exit_code = upload_program(config, args, port)
-    if exit_code != 0:
-        return exit_code
-    _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
-    return 0
+
+    exit_code, _ = upload_program(config, args, devices)
+    if exit_code == 0:
+        _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Failed to upload to %s", devices)
+    return exit_code
 
 
-def command_discover(args, config):
+def command_discover(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if "mqtt" in config:
         from esphome import mqtt
 
@@ -509,19 +681,17 @@ def command_discover(args, config):
     raise EsphomeError("No discover method configured (mqtt)")
 
 
-def command_logs(args, config):
-    port = choose_upload_log_host(
+def command_logs(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
+    # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
+    devices = choose_upload_log_host(
         default=args.device,
         check_default=None,
-        show_ota=False,
-        show_mqtt=True,
-        show_api=True,
-        purpose="logging",
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
     )
-    return show_logs(config, args, port)
+    return show_logs(config, args, devices)
 
 
-def command_run(args, config):
+def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
@@ -538,47 +708,58 @@ def command_run(args, config):
         program_path = idedata.raw["prog_path"]
         return run_external_process(program_path)
 
-    port = choose_upload_log_host(
+    # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
+    devices = choose_upload_log_host(
         default=args.device,
         check_default=None,
-        show_ota=True,
-        show_mqtt=False,
-        show_api=True,
-        purpose="uploading",
+        purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
     )
-    exit_code = upload_program(config, args, port)
-    if exit_code != 0:
+
+    exit_code, successful_device = upload_program(config, args, devices)
+    if exit_code == 0:
+        _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Failed to upload to %s", devices)
         return exit_code
-    _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
+
     if args.no_logs:
         return 0
-    port = choose_upload_log_host(
-        default=args.device,
-        check_default=port,
-        show_ota=False,
-        show_mqtt=True,
-        show_api=True,
-        purpose="logging",
+
+    # For logs, prefer the device we successfully uploaded to
+    devices = choose_upload_log_host(
+        default=successful_device,
+        check_default=successful_device,
+        purpose=Purpose.LOGGING,
     )
-    return show_logs(config, args, port)
+    return show_logs(config, args, devices)
 
 
-def command_clean_mqtt(args, config):
+def command_clean_mqtt(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     return clean_mqtt(config, args)
 
 
-def command_mqtt_fingerprint(args, config):
+def command_clean_all(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
+    try:
+        writer.clean_all(args.configuration)
+    except OSError as err:
+        _LOGGER.error("Error cleaning all files: %s", err)
+        return 1
+    _LOGGER.info("Done!")
+    return 0
+
+
+def command_mqtt_fingerprint(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     from esphome import mqtt
 
     return mqtt.get_fingerprint(config)
 
 
-def command_version(args):
+def command_version(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     safe_print(f"Version: {const.__version__}")
     return 0
 
 
-def command_clean(args, config):
+def command_clean(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     try:
         writer.clean_build()
     except OSError as err:
@@ -588,13 +769,13 @@ def command_clean(args, config):
     return 0
 
 
-def command_dashboard(args):
+def command_dashboard(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     from esphome.dashboard import dashboard
 
     return dashboard.start_dashboard(args)
 
 
-def command_update_all(args):
+def command_update_all(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     import click
 
     success = {}
@@ -608,7 +789,7 @@ def command_update_all(args):
         safe_print(f"{half_line}{middle_text}{half_line}")
 
     for f in files:
-        safe_print(f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, f)}")
+        safe_print(f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(f))}")
         safe_print("-" * twidth)
         safe_print()
         if CORE.dashboard:
@@ -620,10 +801,10 @@ def command_update_all(args):
                 "esphome", "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"
             )
         if rc == 0:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {str(f)}")
             success[f] = True
         else:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {str(f)}")
             success[f] = False
 
         safe_print()
@@ -634,14 +815,14 @@ def command_update_all(args):
     failed = 0
     for f in files:
         if success[f]:
-            safe_print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
+            safe_print(f"  - {str(f)}: {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
         else:
-            safe_print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
+            safe_print(f"  - {str(f)}: {color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
             failed += 1
     return failed
 
 
-def command_idedata(args, config):
+def command_idedata(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     import json
 
     from esphome import platformio_api
@@ -657,8 +838,9 @@ def command_idedata(args, config):
     return 0
 
 
-def command_rename(args, config):
-    for c in args.name:
+def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
+    new_name = args.name
+    for c in new_name:
         if c not in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
             print(
                 color(
@@ -669,8 +851,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
             )
             return 1
     # Load existing yaml file
-    with open(CORE.config_path, mode="r+", encoding="utf-8") as raw_file:
-        raw_contents = raw_file.read()
+    raw_contents = CORE.config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
 
     yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(CORE.config_path)
     if CONF_ESPHOME not in yaml or CONF_NAME not in yaml[CONF_ESPHOME]:
@@ -685,7 +866,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     if match is None:
         new_raw = re.sub(
             rf"name:\s+[\"']?{old_name}[\"']?",
-            f'name: "{args.name}"',
+            f'name: "{new_name}"',
             raw_contents,
         )
     else:
@@ -705,29 +886,28 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
 
         new_raw = re.sub(
             rf"^(\s+{match.group(1)}):\s+[\"']?{old_name}[\"']?",
-            f'\\1: "{args.name}"',
+            f'\\1: "{new_name}"',
             raw_contents,
             flags=re.MULTILINE,
         )
 
-    new_path = os.path.join(CORE.config_dir, args.name + ".yaml")
+    new_path: Path = CORE.config_dir / (new_name + ".yaml")
     print(
-        f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, CORE.config_path)} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, new_path)}"
+        f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(CORE.config_path))} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, str(new_path))}"
     )
     print()
 
-    with open(new_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as new_file:
-        new_file.write(new_raw)
+    new_path.write_text(new_raw, encoding="utf-8")
 
-    rc = run_external_process("esphome", "config", new_path)
+    rc = run_external_process("esphome", "config", str(new_path))
     if rc != 0:
         print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
-        os.remove(new_path)
+        new_path.unlink()
         return 1
 
     cli_args = [
         "run",
-        new_path,
+        str(new_path),
         "--no-logs",
         "--device",
         CORE.address,
@@ -741,11 +921,11 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         rc = 1
     if rc != 0:
-        os.remove(new_path)
+        new_path.unlink()
         return 1
 
     if CORE.config_path != new_path:
-        os.remove(CORE.config_path)
+        CORE.config_path.unlink()
 
     print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
     print()
@@ -758,6 +938,7 @@ PRE_CONFIG_ACTIONS = {
     "dashboard": command_dashboard,
     "vscode": command_vscode,
     "update-all": command_update_all,
+    "clean-all": command_clean_all,
 }
 
 POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS = {
@@ -766,14 +947,20 @@ POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS = {
     "upload": command_upload,
     "logs": command_logs,
     "run": command_run,
+    "clean": command_clean,
     "clean-mqtt": command_clean_mqtt,
     "mqtt-fingerprint": command_mqtt_fingerprint,
-    "clean": command_clean,
     "idedata": command_idedata,
     "rename": command_rename,
     "discover": command_discover,
 }
 
+SIMPLE_CONFIG_ACTIONS = [
+    "clean",
+    "clean-mqtt",
+    "config",
+]
+
 
 def parse_args(argv):
     options_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
@@ -806,6 +993,18 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         help="Add a substitution",
         metavar=("key", "value"),
     )
+    options_parser.add_argument(
+        "--mdns-address-cache",
+        help="mDNS address cache mapping in format 'hostname=ip1,ip2'",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+    )
+    options_parser.add_argument(
+        "--dns-address-cache",
+        help="DNS address cache mapping in format 'hostname=ip1,ip2'",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+    )
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description=f"ESPHome {const.__version__}", parents=[options_parser]
@@ -872,7 +1071,8 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     )
     parser_upload.add_argument(
         "--device",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0.",
+        action="append",
+        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
     )
     parser_upload.add_argument(
         "--upload_speed",
@@ -894,7 +1094,8 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     )
     parser_logs.add_argument(
         "--device",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0.",
+        action="append",
+        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
     )
     parser_logs.add_argument(
         "--reset",
@@ -923,7 +1124,8 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     )
     parser_run.add_argument(
         "--device",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0.",
+        action="append",
+        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
     )
     parser_run.add_argument(
         "--upload_speed",
@@ -971,6 +1173,13 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file(s).", nargs="+"
     )
 
+    parser_clean_all = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "clean-all", help="Clean all build and platform files."
+    )
+    parser_clean_all.add_argument(
+        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration directory.", nargs="*"
+    )
+
     parser_dashboard = subparsers.add_parser(
         "dashboard", help="Create a simple web server for a dashboard."
     )
@@ -1017,7 +1226,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
 
     parser_update = subparsers.add_parser("update-all")
     parser_update.add_argument(
-        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file directories.", nargs="+"
+        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file or directory.", nargs="+"
     )
 
     parser_idedata = subparsers.add_parser("idedata")
@@ -1050,13 +1259,26 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     arguments = argv[1:]
 
     argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
+
+    if len(arguments) > 0 and arguments[0] in SIMPLE_CONFIG_ACTIONS:
+        args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args(arguments)
+        if unknown_args:
+            _LOGGER.warning("Ignored unrecognized arguments: %s", unknown_args)
+        return args
+
     return parser.parse_args(arguments)
 
 
 def run_esphome(argv):
+    from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
+
     args = parse_args(argv)
     CORE.dashboard = args.dashboard
 
+    # Create address cache from command-line arguments
+    CORE.address_cache = AddressCache.from_cli_args(
+        args.mdns_address_cache, args.dns_address_cache
+    )
     # Override log level if verbose is set
     if args.verbose:
         args.log_level = "DEBUG"
@@ -1079,14 +1301,20 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
     _LOGGER.info("ESPHome %s", const.__version__)
 
     for conf_path in args.configuration:
-        if any(os.path.basename(conf_path) == x for x in SECRETS_FILES):
+        conf_path = Path(conf_path)
+        if any(conf_path.name == x for x in SECRETS_FILES):
             _LOGGER.warning("Skipping secrets file %s", conf_path)
             continue
 
         CORE.config_path = conf_path
         CORE.dashboard = args.dashboard
 
-        config = read_config(dict(args.substitution) if args.substitution else {})
+        # For logs command, skip updating external components
+        skip_external = args.command == "logs"
+        config = read_config(
+            dict(args.substitution) if args.substitution else {},
+            skip_external_update=skip_external,
+        )
         if config is None:
             return 2
         CORE.config = config

esphome/address_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""Address cache for DNS and mDNS lookups."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def normalize_hostname(hostname: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize hostname for cache lookups.
+
+    Removes trailing dots and converts to lowercase.
+    """
+    return hostname.rstrip(".").lower()
+
+
+class AddressCache:
+    """Cache for DNS and mDNS address lookups.
+
+    This cache stores pre-resolved addresses from command-line arguments
+    to avoid slow DNS/mDNS lookups during builds.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mdns_cache: dict[str, list[str]] | None = None,
+        dns_cache: dict[str, list[str]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize the address cache.
+
+        Args:
+            mdns_cache: Pre-populated mDNS addresses (hostname -> IPs)
+            dns_cache: Pre-populated DNS addresses (hostname -> IPs)
+        """
+        self.mdns_cache = mdns_cache or {}
+        self.dns_cache = dns_cache or {}
+
+    def _get_cached_addresses(
+        self, hostname: str, cache: dict[str, list[str]], cache_type: str
+    ) -> list[str] | None:
+        """Get cached addresses from a specific cache.
+
+        Args:
+            hostname: The hostname to look up
+            cache: The cache dictionary to check
+            cache_type: Type of cache for logging ("mDNS" or "DNS")
+
+        Returns:
+            List of IP addresses if found in cache, None otherwise
+        """
+        normalized = normalize_hostname(hostname)
+        if addresses := cache.get(normalized):
+            _LOGGER.debug("Using %s cache for %s: %s", cache_type, hostname, addresses)
+            return addresses
+        return None
+
+    def get_mdns_addresses(self, hostname: str) -> list[str] | None:
+        """Get cached mDNS addresses for a hostname.
+
+        Args:
+            hostname: The hostname to look up (should end with .local)
+
+        Returns:
+            List of IP addresses if found in cache, None otherwise
+        """
+        return self._get_cached_addresses(hostname, self.mdns_cache, "mDNS")
+
+    def get_dns_addresses(self, hostname: str) -> list[str] | None:
+        """Get cached DNS addresses for a hostname.
+
+        Args:
+            hostname: The hostname to look up
+
+        Returns:
+            List of IP addresses if found in cache, None otherwise
+        """
+        return self._get_cached_addresses(hostname, self.dns_cache, "DNS")
+
+    def get_addresses(self, hostname: str) -> list[str] | None:
+        """Get cached addresses for a hostname.
+
+        Checks mDNS cache for .local domains, DNS cache otherwise.
+
+        Args:
+            hostname: The hostname to look up
+
+        Returns:
+            List of IP addresses if found in cache, None otherwise
+        """
+        normalized = normalize_hostname(hostname)
+        if normalized.endswith(".local"):
+            return self.get_mdns_addresses(hostname)
+        return self.get_dns_addresses(hostname)
+
+    def has_cache(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if any cache entries exist."""
+        return bool(self.mdns_cache or self.dns_cache)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_cli_args(
+        cls, mdns_args: Iterable[str], dns_args: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> AddressCache:
+        """Create cache from command-line arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            mdns_args: List of mDNS cache entries like ['host=ip1,ip2']
+            dns_args: List of DNS cache entries like ['host=ip1,ip2']
+
+        Returns:
+            Configured AddressCache instance
+        """
+        mdns_cache = cls._parse_cache_args(mdns_args)
+        dns_cache = cls._parse_cache_args(dns_args)
+        return cls(mdns_cache=mdns_cache, dns_cache=dns_cache)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_cache_args(cache_args: Iterable[str]) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+        """Parse cache arguments into a dictionary.
+
+        Args:
+            cache_args: List of cache mappings like ['host1=ip1,ip2', 'host2=ip3']
+
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping normalized hostnames to list of IP addresses
+        """
+        cache: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+        for arg in cache_args:
+            if "=" not in arg:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Invalid cache format: %s (expected 'hostname=ip1,ip2')", arg
+                )
+                continue
+            hostname, ips = arg.split("=", 1)
+            # Normalize hostname for consistent lookups
+            normalized = normalize_hostname(hostname)
+            cache[normalized] = [ip.strip() for ip in ips.split(",")]
+        return cache

esphome/analyze_memory.py

@@ -1161,11 +1161,10 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
             if component_name in ESPHOME_COMPONENTS:
                 return f"[esphome]{component_name}"
             # Check if this is a known external component from the config
-            elif component_name in self.external_components:
+            if component_name in self.external_components:
                 return f"[external]{component_name}"
-            else:
-                # Everything else in esphome:: namespace is core
-                return "[esphome]core"
+            # Everything else in esphome:: namespace is core
+            return "[esphome]core"
 
         # Check for esphome core namespace (no component namespace)
         if "esphome::" in demangled:
@@ -1188,8 +1187,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         if "spi_" in symbol_name or "SPI" in symbol_name:
             if "spi_flash" in symbol_name:
                 return "spi_flash"
-            else:
-                return "spi_driver"
+            return "spi_driver"
 
         # libc special printf variants
         if symbol_name.startswith("_") and symbol_name[1:].replace("_r", "").replace(
@@ -1391,7 +1389,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         # Top consumers
         lines.append("")
         lines.append("Top Flash Consumers:")
-        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(components[:10]):
+        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(components[:25]):
             if mem.flash_total > 0:
                 percentage = (
                     (mem.flash_total / total_flash * 100) if total_flash > 0 else 0
@@ -1403,7 +1401,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         lines.append("")
         lines.append("Top RAM Consumers:")
         ram_components = sorted(components, key=lambda x: x[1].ram_total, reverse=True)
-        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(ram_components[:10]):
+        for i, (name, mem) in enumerate(ram_components[:25]):
             if mem.ram_total > 0:
                 percentage = (mem.ram_total / total_ram * 100) if total_ram > 0 else 0
                 lines.append(
@@ -1474,7 +1472,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
                 self._esphome_core_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
             )
 
-            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:10]):
+            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:15]):
                 lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
 
             lines.append("=" * table_width)
@@ -1487,7 +1485,7 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         ]
         top_esphome_components = sorted(
             esphome_components, key=lambda x: x[1].flash_total, reverse=True
-        )[:5]
+        )[:25]
 
         # Check if API component exists and ensure it's included
         api_component = None

esphome/automation.py

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE_ID,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
 
@@ -49,11 +52,11 @@ def maybe_conf(conf, *validators):
     return validate
 
 
-def register_action(name, action_type, schema):
+def register_action(name: str, action_type: MockObjClass, schema: cv.Schema):
     return ACTION_REGISTRY.register(name, action_type, schema)
 
 
-def register_condition(name, condition_type, schema):
+def register_condition(name: str, condition_type: MockObjClass, schema: cv.Schema):
     return CONDITION_REGISTRY.register(name, condition_type, schema)
 
 
@@ -164,43 +167,78 @@ XorCondition = cg.esphome_ns.class_("XorCondition", Condition)
 
 
 @register_condition("and", AndCondition, validate_condition_list)
-async def and_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def and_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     conditions = await build_condition_list(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, conditions)
 
 
 @register_condition("or", OrCondition, validate_condition_list)
-async def or_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def or_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     conditions = await build_condition_list(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, conditions)
 
 
 @register_condition("all", AndCondition, validate_condition_list)
-async def all_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def all_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     conditions = await build_condition_list(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, conditions)
 
 
 @register_condition("any", OrCondition, validate_condition_list)
-async def any_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def any_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     conditions = await build_condition_list(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, conditions)
 
 
 @register_condition("not", NotCondition, validate_potentially_and_condition)
-async def not_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def not_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     condition = await build_condition(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, condition)
 
 
 @register_condition("xor", XorCondition, validate_condition_list)
-async def xor_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def xor_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     conditions = await build_condition_list(config, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, conditions)
 
 
 @register_condition("lambda", LambdaCondition, cv.returning_lambda)
-async def lambda_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lambda_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(config, args, return_type=bool)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, lambda_)
 
@@ -217,7 +255,12 @@ async def lambda_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
 )
-async def for_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
+async def for_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     condition = await build_condition(
         config[CONF_CONDITION], cg.TemplateArguments(), []
     )
@@ -231,7 +274,12 @@ async def for_condition_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
 @register_action(
     "delay", DelayAction, cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds)
 )
-async def delay_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def delay_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_component(var, {})
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config, args, cg.uint32)
@@ -256,10 +304,15 @@ async def delay_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_CONDITION, CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL),
     ),
 )
-async def if_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def if_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     cond_conf = next(el for el in config if el in (CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL, CONF_CONDITION))
-    conditions = await build_condition(config[cond_conf], template_arg, args)
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, conditions)
+    condition = await build_condition(config[cond_conf], template_arg, args)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, condition)
     if CONF_THEN in config:
         actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
         cg.add(var.add_then(actions))
@@ -279,9 +332,14 @@ async def if_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def while_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    conditions = await build_condition(config[CONF_CONDITION], template_arg, args)
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, conditions)
+async def while_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    condition = await build_condition(config[CONF_CONDITION], template_arg, args)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, condition)
     actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
     cg.add(var.add_then(actions))
     return var
@@ -297,7 +355,12 @@ async def while_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def repeat_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def repeat_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     count_template = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_COUNT], args, cg.uint32)
     cg.add(var.set_count(count_template))
@@ -320,9 +383,14 @@ _validate_wait_until = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @register_action("wait_until", WaitUntilAction, _validate_wait_until)
-async def wait_until_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    conditions = await build_condition(config[CONF_CONDITION], template_arg, args)
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, conditions)
+async def wait_until_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    condition = await build_condition(config[CONF_CONDITION], template_arg, args)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, condition)
     if CONF_TIMEOUT in config:
         template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TIMEOUT], args, cg.uint32)
         cg.add(var.set_timeout_value(template_))
@@ -331,7 +399,12 @@ async def wait_until_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @register_action("lambda", LambdaAction, cv.lambda_)
-async def lambda_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def lambda_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(config, args, return_type=cg.void)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, lambda_)
 
@@ -345,7 +418,12 @@ async def lambda_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         }
     ),
 )
-async def component_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def component_update_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, comp)
 
@@ -359,7 +437,12 @@ async def component_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
         }
     ),
 )
-async def component_suspend_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def component_suspend_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, comp)
 
@@ -376,7 +459,12 @@ async def component_suspend_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
         }
     ),
 )
-async def component_resume_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def component_resume_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, comp)
     if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL in config:
@@ -385,43 +473,51 @@ async def component_resume_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
     return var
 
 
-async def build_action(full_config, template_arg, args):
+async def build_action(
+    full_config: ConfigType, template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments, args: TemplateArgsType
+) -> MockObj:
     registry_entry, config = cg.extract_registry_entry_config(
         ACTION_REGISTRY, full_config
     )
     action_id = full_config[CONF_TYPE_ID]
     builder = registry_entry.coroutine_fun
-    ret = await builder(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
-    return ret
+    return await builder(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
 
 
-async def build_action_list(config, templ, arg_type):
-    actions = []
+async def build_action_list(
+    config: list[ConfigType], templ: cg.TemplateArguments, arg_type: TemplateArgsType
+) -> list[MockObj]:
+    actions: list[MockObj] = []
     for conf in config:
         action = await build_action(conf, templ, arg_type)
         actions.append(action)
     return actions
 
 
-async def build_condition(full_config, template_arg, args):
+async def build_condition(
+    full_config: ConfigType, template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments, args: TemplateArgsType
+) -> MockObj:
     registry_entry, config = cg.extract_registry_entry_config(
         CONDITION_REGISTRY, full_config
     )
     action_id = full_config[CONF_TYPE_ID]
     builder = registry_entry.coroutine_fun
-    ret = await builder(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
-    return ret
+    return await builder(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
 
 
-async def build_condition_list(config, templ, args):
-    conditions = []
+async def build_condition_list(
+    config: ConfigType, templ: cg.TemplateArguments, args: TemplateArgsType
+) -> list[MockObj]:
+    conditions: list[MockObj] = []
     for conf in config:
         condition = await build_condition(conf, templ, args)
         conditions.append(condition)
     return conditions
 
 
-async def build_automation(trigger, args, config):
+async def build_automation(
+    trigger: MockObj, args: TemplateArgsType, config: ConfigType
+) -> MockObj:
     arg_types = [arg[0] for arg in args]
     templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*arg_types)
     obj = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_AUTOMATION_ID], templ, trigger)

esphome/build_gen/platformio.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import os
-
 from esphome.const import __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.helpers import mkdir_p, read_file, write_file_if_changed
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ def write_ini(content):
     update_storage_json()
     path = CORE.relative_build_path("platformio.ini")
 
-    if os.path.isfile(path):
+    if path.is_file():
         text = read_file(path)
         content_format = find_begin_end(
             text, INI_AUTO_GENERATE_BEGIN, INI_AUTO_GENERATE_END

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     ArrayInitializer,
     Expression,
     LineComment,
+    LogStringLiteral,
     MockObj,
     MockObjClass,
     Pvariable,

esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp

@@ -61,11 +61,10 @@ void AbsoluteHumidityComponent::loop() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No valid state from temperature sensor!");
     }
     if (no_humidity) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No valid state from temperature sensor!");
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No valid state from humidity sensor!");
     }
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to calculate absolute humidity.");
     this->publish_state(NAN);
-    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Unable to calculate absolute humidity."));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -87,9 +86,8 @@ void AbsoluteHumidityComponent::loop() {
       es = es_wobus(temperature_c);
       break;
     default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!");
       this->publish_state(NAN);
-      this->status_set_error();
+      this->status_set_error("Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!");
       return;
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Saturation vapor pressure %f kPa", es);

esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_EQUATION,
     CONF_HUMIDITY,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
-    ICON_WATER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_ABSOLUTE_HUMIDITY,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_GRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
 )
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ EQUATION = {
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_GRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
-        icon=ICON_WATER,
         accuracy_decimals=2,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ABSOLUTE_HUMIDITY,
         state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     )
     .extend(

esphome/components/adc/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
@@ -11,15 +11,8 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
 )
-from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_ANALOG,
-    CONF_INPUT,
-    CONF_NUMBER,
-    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
-    PlatformFramework,
-)
+from esphome.const import CONF_ANALOG, CONF_INPUT, CONF_NUMBER, PLATFORM_ESP8266
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -140,6 +133,16 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         9: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         10: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
+        16: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        17: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        18: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        21: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        22: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        23: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 # pin to adc2 channel mapping
@@ -198,6 +201,14 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
+        49: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        50: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        51: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        52: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        53: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        54: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+    },
 }
 
 
@@ -249,21 +260,9 @@ def validate_adc_pin(value):
             {CONF_ANALOG: True, CONF_INPUT: True}, internal=True
         )(value)
 
+    if CORE.is_nrf52:
+        return pins.gpio_pin_schema(
+            {CONF_ANALOG: True, CONF_INPUT: True}, internal=True
+        )(value)
+
     raise NotImplementedError
-
-
-FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
-    {
-        "adc_sensor_esp32.cpp": {
-            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
-        },
-        "adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
-        "adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
-        "adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp": {
-            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
-        },
-    }
-)

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 #include "hal/adc_types.h"  // This defines ADC_CHANNEL_MAX
 #endif                      // USE_ESP32
 
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include <zephyr/drivers/adc.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace adc {
 
@@ -38,15 +42,15 @@ enum class SamplingMode : uint8_t {
 
 const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode);
 
-class Aggregator {
+template<typename T> class Aggregator {
  public:
   Aggregator(SamplingMode mode);
-  void add_sample(uint32_t value);
-  uint32_t aggregate();
+  void add_sample(T value);
+  T aggregate();
 
  protected:
-  uint32_t aggr_{0};
-  uint32_t samples_{0};
+  T aggr_{0};
+  uint8_t samples_{0};
   SamplingMode mode_{SamplingMode::AVG};
 };
 
@@ -69,6 +73,11 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
   /// @return A float representing the setup priority.
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  /// Set the ADC channel to be used by the ADC sensor.
+  /// @param channel Pointer to an adc_dt_spec structure representing the ADC channel.
+  void set_adc_channel(const adc_dt_spec *channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
+#endif
   /// Set the GPIO pin to be used by the ADC sensor.
   /// @param pin Pointer to an InternalGPIOPin representing the ADC input pin.
   void set_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
@@ -136,8 +145,8 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
   adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t adc_handle_{nullptr};
   adc_cali_handle_t calibration_handle_{nullptr};
   adc_atten_t attenuation_{ADC_ATTEN_DB_0};
-  adc_channel_t channel_;
-  adc_unit_t adc_unit_;
+  adc_channel_t channel_{};
+  adc_unit_t adc_unit_{};
   struct SetupFlags {
     uint8_t init_complete : 1;
     uint8_t config_complete : 1;
@@ -151,6 +160,10 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
   bool is_temperature_{false};
 #endif  // USE_RP2040
+
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  const struct adc_dt_spec *channel_ = nullptr;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace adc

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp

@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode) {
   return LOG_STR("unknown");
 }
 
-Aggregator::Aggregator(SamplingMode mode) {
+template<typename T> Aggregator<T>::Aggregator(SamplingMode mode) {
   this->mode_ = mode;
   // set to max uint if mode is "min"
   if (mode == SamplingMode::MIN) {
-    this->aggr_ = UINT32_MAX;
+    this->aggr_ = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
   }
 }
 
-void Aggregator::add_sample(uint32_t value) {
+template<typename T> void Aggregator<T>::add_sample(T value) {
   this->samples_ += 1;
 
   switch (this->mode_) {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void Aggregator::add_sample(uint32_t value) {
   }
 }
 
-uint32_t Aggregator::aggregate() {
+template<typename T> T Aggregator<T>::aggregate() {
   if (this->mode_ == SamplingMode::AVG) {
     if (this->samples_ == 0) {
       return this->aggr_;
@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ uint32_t Aggregator::aggregate() {
   return this->aggr_;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+template class Aggregator<int32_t>;
+#else
+template class Aggregator<uint32_t>;
+#endif
+
 void ADCSensor::update() {
   float value_v = this->sample();
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Voltage=%.4fV", this->get_name().c_str(), value_v);

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp

@@ -72,10 +72,9 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
   // Initialize ADC calibration
   if (this->calibration_handle_ == nullptr) {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
-    esp_err_t err;
 
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
     // RISC-V variants and S3 use curve fitting calibration
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};  // Zero initialize first
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample_fixed_attenuation_() {
-  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+  auto aggr = Aggregator<uint32_t>(this->sampling_mode_);
 
   for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
     int raw;
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_fixed_attenuation_() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC calibration conversion failed with error %d, disabling calibration", err);
       if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #else   // Other ESP32 variants use line fitting calibration
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
       // Delete old calibration handle
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #else
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -242,6 +241,8 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     cali_config.bitwidth = ADC_BITWIDTH_DEFAULT;
 
     err = adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting(&cali_config, &handle);
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: Calibration handle creation %s (err=%d)", atten,
+              (err == ESP_OK) ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED", err);
 #else
     adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
       .unit_id = this->adc_unit_,
@@ -252,16 +253,20 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
 #endif
     };
     err = adc_cali_create_scheme_line_fitting(&cali_config, &handle);
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: Calibration handle creation %s (err=%d)", atten,
+              (err == ESP_OK) ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED", err);
 #endif
 
     int raw;
     err = adc_oneshot_read(this->adc_handle_, this->channel_, &raw);
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: Raw ADC read %s, value=%d (err=%d)", atten,
+              (err == ESP_OK) ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED", raw, err);
 
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC read failed in autorange with error %d", err);
       if (handle != nullptr) {
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
 #else
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
@@ -276,18 +281,21 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
       err = adc_cali_raw_to_voltage(handle, raw, &voltage_mv);
       if (err == ESP_OK) {
         voltage = voltage_mv / 1000.0f;
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: CALIBRATED - raw=%d -> %dmV -> %.6fV", atten, raw, voltage_mv, voltage);
       } else {
         voltage = raw * 3.3f / 4095.0f;
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: UNCALIBRATED FALLBACK - raw=%d -> %.6fV (3.3V ref)", atten, raw, voltage);
       }
       // Clean up calibration handle
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
 #else
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
 #endif
     } else {
       voltage = raw * 3.3f / 4095.0f;
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: NO CALIBRATION - raw=%d -> %.6fV (3.3V ref)", atten, raw, voltage);
     }
 
     return {raw, voltage};
@@ -325,18 +333,32 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
   }
 
   const int adc_half = 2048;
-  uint32_t c12 = std::min(raw12, adc_half);
-  uint32_t c6 = adc_half - std::abs(raw6 - adc_half);
-  uint32_t c2 = adc_half - std::abs(raw2 - adc_half);
-  uint32_t c0 = std::min(4095 - raw0, adc_half);
-  uint32_t csum = c12 + c6 + c2 + c0;
+  const uint32_t c12 = std::min(raw12, adc_half);
+
+  const int32_t c6_signed = adc_half - std::abs(raw6 - adc_half);
+  const uint32_t c6 = (c6_signed > 0) ? c6_signed : 0;  // Clamp to prevent underflow
+
+  const int32_t c2_signed = adc_half - std::abs(raw2 - adc_half);
+  const uint32_t c2 = (c2_signed > 0) ? c2_signed : 0;  // Clamp to prevent underflow
+
+  const uint32_t c0 = std::min(4095 - raw0, adc_half);
+  const uint32_t csum = c12 + c6 + c2 + c0;
+
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange summary:");
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Raw readings: 12db=%d, 6db=%d, 2.5db=%d, 0db=%d", raw12, raw6, raw2, raw0);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Voltages: 12db=%.6f, 6db=%.6f, 2.5db=%.6f, 0db=%.6f", mv12, mv6, mv2, mv0);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  Coefficients: c12=%u, c6=%u, c2=%u, c0=%u, sum=%u", c12, c6, c2, c0, csum);
 
   if (csum == 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid weight sum in autorange calculation");
     return NAN;
   }
 
-  return (mv12 * c12 + mv6 * c6 + mv2 * c2 + mv0 * c0) / csum;
+  const float final_result = (mv12 * c12 + mv6 * c6 + mv2 * c2 + mv0 * c0) / csum;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Autorange final: (%.6f*%u + %.6f*%u + %.6f*%u + %.6f*%u)/%u = %.6fV", mv12, c12, mv6, c6, mv2, c2, mv0,
+           c0, csum, final_result);
+
+  return final_result;
 }
 
 }  // namespace adc

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
-  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+  auto aggr = Aggregator<uint32_t>(this->sampling_mode_);
 
   for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
     uint32_t raw = 0;

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
   uint32_t raw = 0;
-  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+  auto aggr = Aggregator<uint32_t>(this->sampling_mode_);
 
   if (this->output_raw_) {
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
   uint32_t raw = 0;
-  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+  auto aggr = Aggregator<uint32_t>(this->sampling_mode_);
 
   if (this->is_temperature_) {
     adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+
+#include "adc_sensor.h"
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include "hal/nrf_saadc.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace adc {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "adc.zephyr";
+
+void ADCSensor::setup() {
+  if (!adc_is_ready_dt(this->channel_)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ADC controller device %s not ready", this->channel_->dev->name);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto err = adc_channel_setup_dt(this->channel_);
+  if (err < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not setup channel %s (%d)", this->channel_->dev->name, err);
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+static const LogString *gain_to_str(enum adc_gain gain) {
+  switch (gain) {
+    case ADC_GAIN_1_6:
+      return LOG_STR("1/6");
+    case ADC_GAIN_1_5:
+      return LOG_STR("1/5");
+    case ADC_GAIN_1_4:
+      return LOG_STR("1/4");
+    case ADC_GAIN_1_3:
+      return LOG_STR("1/3");
+    case ADC_GAIN_2_5:
+      return LOG_STR("2/5");
+    case ADC_GAIN_1_2:
+      return LOG_STR("1/2");
+    case ADC_GAIN_2_3:
+      return LOG_STR("2/3");
+    case ADC_GAIN_4_5:
+      return LOG_STR("4/5");
+    case ADC_GAIN_1:
+      return LOG_STR("1");
+    case ADC_GAIN_2:
+      return LOG_STR("2");
+    case ADC_GAIN_3:
+      return LOG_STR("3");
+    case ADC_GAIN_4:
+      return LOG_STR("4");
+    case ADC_GAIN_6:
+      return LOG_STR("6");
+    case ADC_GAIN_8:
+      return LOG_STR("8");
+    case ADC_GAIN_12:
+      return LOG_STR("12");
+    case ADC_GAIN_16:
+      return LOG_STR("16");
+    case ADC_GAIN_24:
+      return LOG_STR("24");
+    case ADC_GAIN_32:
+      return LOG_STR("32");
+    case ADC_GAIN_64:
+      return LOG_STR("64");
+    case ADC_GAIN_128:
+      return LOG_STR("128");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("undefined gain");
+}
+
+static const LogString *reference_to_str(enum adc_reference reference) {
+  switch (reference) {
+    case ADC_REF_VDD_1:
+      return LOG_STR("VDD");
+    case ADC_REF_VDD_1_2:
+      return LOG_STR("VDD/2");
+    case ADC_REF_VDD_1_3:
+      return LOG_STR("VDD/3");
+    case ADC_REF_VDD_1_4:
+      return LOG_STR("VDD/4");
+    case ADC_REF_INTERNAL:
+      return LOG_STR("INTERNAL");
+    case ADC_REF_EXTERNAL0:
+      return LOG_STR("External, input 0");
+    case ADC_REF_EXTERNAL1:
+      return LOG_STR("External, input 1");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("undefined reference");
+}
+
+static const LogString *input_to_str(uint8_t input) {
+  switch (input) {
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN0:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN0");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN1:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN1");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN2:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN2");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN3:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN3");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN4:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN4");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN5:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN5");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN6:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN6");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN7:
+      return LOG_STR("AIN7");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_VDD:
+      return LOG_STR("VDD");
+    case NRF_SAADC_INPUT_VDDHDIV5:
+      return LOG_STR("VDDHDIV5");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("undefined input");
+}
+#endif  // ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+
+void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
+  LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
+           "  Name: %s\n"
+           "  Channel: %d\n"
+           "  vref_mv: %d\n"
+           "  Resolution %d\n"
+           "  Oversampling %d",
+           this->channel_->dev->name, this->channel_->channel_id, this->channel_->vref_mv, this->channel_->resolution,
+           this->channel_->oversampling);
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
+           "  Gain: %s\n"
+           "  reference: %s\n"
+           "  acquisition_time: %d\n"
+           "  differential %s",
+           LOG_STR_ARG(gain_to_str(this->channel_->channel_cfg.gain)),
+           LOG_STR_ARG(reference_to_str(this->channel_->channel_cfg.reference)),
+           this->channel_->channel_cfg.acquisition_time, YESNO(this->channel_->channel_cfg.differential));
+  if (this->channel_->channel_cfg.differential) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG,
+             "  Positive: %s\n"
+             "  Negative: %s",
+             LOG_STR_ARG(input_to_str(this->channel_->channel_cfg.input_positive)),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(input_to_str(this->channel_->channel_cfg.input_negative)));
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Positive: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(input_to_str(this->channel_->channel_cfg.input_positive)));
+  }
+#endif
+
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+}
+
+float ADCSensor::sample() {
+  auto aggr = Aggregator<int32_t>(this->sampling_mode_);
+  int err;
+  for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
+    int16_t buf = 0;
+    struct adc_sequence sequence = {
+        .buffer = &buf,
+        /* buffer size in bytes, not number of samples */
+        .buffer_size = sizeof(buf),
+    };
+    int32_t val_raw;
+
+    err = adc_sequence_init_dt(this->channel_, &sequence);
+    if (err < 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could sequence init %s (%d)", this->channel_->dev->name, err);
+      return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    err = adc_read(this->channel_->dev, &sequence);
+    if (err < 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not read %s (%d)", this->channel_->dev->name, err);
+      return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    val_raw = (int32_t) buf;
+    if (!this->channel_->channel_cfg.differential) {
+      // https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52_Arduino/blob/0ed4d9ffc674ae407be7cacf5696a02f5e789861/cores/nRF5/wiring_analog_nRF52.c#L222
+      if (val_raw < 0) {
+        val_raw = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    aggr.add_sample(val_raw);
+  }
+
+  int32_t val_mv = aggr.aggregate();
+
+  if (this->output_raw_) {
+    return val_mv;
+  }
+
+  err = adc_raw_to_millivolts_dt(this->channel_, &val_mv);
+  /* conversion to mV may not be supported, skip if not */
+  if (err < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Value in mV not available %s (%d)", this->channel_->dev->name, err);
+    return 0.0;
+  }
+
+  return val_mv / 1000.0f;
+}
+
+}  // namespace adc
+}  // namespace esphome
+#endif

esphome/components/adc/sensor.py

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+from esphome.components.nrf52.const import AIN_TO_GPIO, EXTRA_ADC
+from esphome.components.zephyr import (
+    zephyr_add_overlay,
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf,
+    zephyr_add_user,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ATTENUATION,
@@ -11,8 +18,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_RAW,
     DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
+    PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
@@ -60,6 +69,10 @@ ADCSensor = adc_ns.class_(
     "ADCSensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent, voltage_sampler.VoltageSampler
 )
 
+CONF_NRF_SAADC = "nrf_saadc"
+
+adc_dt_spec = cg.global_ns.class_("adc_dt_spec")
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         ADCSensor,
@@ -75,6 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_ATTENUATION, esp32="0db"): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, _attenuation
             ),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_NRF_SAADC, PLATFORM_NRF52): cv.declare_id(adc_dt_spec),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLES, default=1): cv.int_range(min=1, max=255),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLING_MODE, default="avg"): _sampling_mode,
         }
@@ -83,6 +97,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     validate_config,
 )
 
+CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID = "adc_channel_id"
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -93,7 +109,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC")
     elif config[CONF_PIN] == "TEMPERATURE":
         cg.add(var.set_is_temperature())
-    else:
+    elif not CORE.is_nrf52 or config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER] not in EXTRA_ADC:
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
         cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
 
@@ -122,3 +138,59 @@ async def to_code(config):
         ):
             chan = ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL[variant][pin_num]
             cg.add(var.set_channel(adc_unit_t.ADC_UNIT_2, chan))
+
+    elif CORE.is_nrf52:
+        CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID, 0)
+        channel_id = CORE.data[CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID]
+        CORE.data[CONF_ADC_CHANNEL_ID] = channel_id + 1
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("ADC", True)
+        nrf_saadc = config[CONF_NRF_SAADC]
+        rhs = cg.RawExpression(
+            f"ADC_DT_SPEC_GET_BY_IDX(DT_PATH(zephyr_user), {channel_id})"
+        )
+        adc = cg.new_Pvariable(nrf_saadc, rhs)
+        cg.add(var.set_adc_channel(adc))
+        gain = "ADC_GAIN_1_6"
+        pin_number = config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
+        if pin_number == "VDDHDIV5":
+            gain = "ADC_GAIN_1_2"
+        if isinstance(pin_number, int):
+            GPIO_TO_AIN = {v: k for k, v in AIN_TO_GPIO.items()}
+            pin_number = GPIO_TO_AIN[pin_number]
+        zephyr_add_user("io-channels", f"<&adc {channel_id}>")
+        zephyr_add_overlay(
+            f"""
+&adc {{
+    #address-cells = <1>;
+    #size-cells = <0>;
+
+    channel@{channel_id} {{
+        reg = <{channel_id}>;
+        zephyr,gain = "{gain}";
+        zephyr,reference = "ADC_REF_INTERNAL";
+        zephyr,acquisition-time = <ADC_ACQ_TIME_DEFAULT>;
+        zephyr,input-positive = <NRF_SAADC_{pin_number}>;
+        zephyr,resolution = <14>;
+        zephyr,oversampling = <8>;
+    }};
+}};
+"""
+        )
+
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+    {
+        "adc_sensor_esp32.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        },
+        "adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp": {PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO},
+        "adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp": {PlatformFramework.RP2040_ARDUINO},
+        "adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+        },
+        "adc_sensor_zephyr.cpp": {PlatformFramework.NRF52_ZEPHYR},
+    }
+)

esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void ADE7880::update() {
   if (this->channel_a_ != nullptr) {
     auto *chan = this->channel_a_;
     this->update_sensor_from_s24zp_register16_(chan->current, AIRMS, [](float val) { return val / 100000.0f; });
-    this->update_sensor_from_s24zp_register16_(chan->voltage, BVRMS, [](float val) { return val / 10000.0f; });
+    this->update_sensor_from_s24zp_register16_(chan->voltage, AVRMS, [](float val) { return val / 10000.0f; });
     this->update_sensor_from_s24zp_register16_(chan->active_power, AWATT, [](float val) { return val / 100.0f; });
     this->update_sensor_from_s24zp_register16_(chan->apparent_power, AVA, [](float val) { return val / 100.0f; });
     this->update_sensor_from_s16_register16_(chan->power_factor, APF,

esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
@@ -51,6 +52,20 @@ CONF_POWER_GAIN = "power_gain"
 
 CONF_NEUTRAL = "neutral"
 
+# Tuple of power channel phases
+POWER_PHASES = (CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C)
+
+# Tuple of sensor types that can be configured for power channels
+POWER_SENSOR_TYPES = (
+    CONF_CURRENT,
+    CONF_VOLTAGE,
+    CONF_ACTIVE_POWER,
+    CONF_APPARENT_POWER,
+    CONF_POWER_FACTOR,
+    CONF_FORWARD_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
+    CONF_REVERSE_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
+)
+
 NEUTRAL_CHANNEL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(NeutralChannel),
@@ -150,7 +165,64 @@ POWER_CHANNEL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+
+def prefix_sensor_name(
+    sensor_conf: ConfigType,
+    channel_name: str,
+    channel_config: ConfigType,
+    sensor_type: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Helper to prefix sensor name with channel name.
+
+    Args:
+        sensor_conf: The sensor configuration (dict or string)
+        channel_name: The channel name to prefix with
+        channel_config: The channel configuration to update
+        sensor_type: The sensor type key in the channel config
+    """
+    if isinstance(sensor_conf, dict) and CONF_NAME in sensor_conf:
+        sensor_name = sensor_conf[CONF_NAME]
+        if sensor_name and not sensor_name.startswith(channel_name):
+            sensor_conf[CONF_NAME] = f"{channel_name} {sensor_name}"
+    elif isinstance(sensor_conf, str):
+        # Simple value case - convert to dict with prefixed name
+        channel_config[sensor_type] = {CONF_NAME: f"{channel_name} {sensor_conf}"}
+
+
+def process_channel_sensors(
+    config: ConfigType, channel_key: str, sensor_types: tuple
+) -> None:
+    """Process sensors for a channel and prefix their names.
+
+    Args:
+        config: The main configuration
+        channel_key: The channel key (e.g., CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_NEUTRAL)
+        sensor_types: Tuple of sensor types to process for this channel
+    """
+    if not (channel_config := config.get(channel_key)) or not (
+        channel_name := channel_config.get(CONF_NAME)
+    ):
+        return
+
+    for sensor_type in sensor_types:
+        if sensor_conf := channel_config.get(sensor_type):
+            prefix_sensor_name(sensor_conf, channel_name, channel_config, sensor_type)
+
+
+def preprocess_channels(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Preprocess channel configurations to add channel name prefix to sensor names."""
+    # Process power channels
+    for channel in POWER_PHASES:
+        process_channel_sensors(config, channel, POWER_SENSOR_TYPES)
+
+    # Process neutral channel
+    process_channel_sensors(config, CONF_NEUTRAL, (CONF_CURRENT,))
+
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    preprocess_channels,
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ADE7880),
@@ -167,7 +239,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x38))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x38)),
 )
 
 
@@ -188,15 +260,7 @@ async def neutral_channel(config):
 async def power_channel(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
-    for sensor_type in [
-        CONF_CURRENT,
-        CONF_VOLTAGE,
-        CONF_ACTIVE_POWER,
-        CONF_APPARENT_POWER,
-        CONF_POWER_FACTOR,
-        CONF_FORWARD_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
-        CONF_REVERSE_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
-    ]:
+    for sensor_type in POWER_SENSOR_TYPES:
         if conf := config.get(sensor_type):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(conf)
             cg.add(getattr(var, f"set_{sensor_type}")(sens))
@@ -216,44 +280,6 @@ async def power_channel(config):
     return var
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
-    for channel in [CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C]:
-        if channel := config.get(channel):
-            channel_name = channel.get(CONF_NAME)
-
-            for sensor_type in [
-                CONF_CURRENT,
-                CONF_VOLTAGE,
-                CONF_ACTIVE_POWER,
-                CONF_APPARENT_POWER,
-                CONF_POWER_FACTOR,
-                CONF_FORWARD_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
-                CONF_REVERSE_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
-            ]:
-                if conf := channel.get(sensor_type):
-                    sensor_name = conf.get(CONF_NAME)
-                    if (
-                        sensor_name
-                        and channel_name
-                        and not sensor_name.startswith(channel_name)
-                    ):
-                        conf[CONF_NAME] = f"{channel_name} {sensor_name}"
-
-    if channel := config.get(CONF_NEUTRAL):
-        channel_name = channel.get(CONF_NAME)
-        if conf := channel.get(CONF_CURRENT):
-            sensor_name = conf.get(CONF_NAME)
-            if (
-                sensor_name
-                and channel_name
-                and not sensor_name.startswith(channel_name)
-            ):
-                conf[CONF_NAME] = f"{channel_name} {sensor_name}"
-
-
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
-
-
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)

esphome/components/ags10/ags10.cpp

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void AGS10Component::dump_config() {
 bool AGS10Component::new_i2c_address(uint8_t newaddress) {
   uint8_t rev_newaddress = ~newaddress;
   std::array<uint8_t, 5> data{newaddress, rev_newaddress, newaddress, rev_newaddress, 0};
-  data[4] = calc_crc8_(data, 4);
+  data[4] = crc8(data.data(), 4, 0xFF, 0x31, true);
   if (!this->write_bytes(REG_ADDRESS, data)) {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
     this->status_set_warning();
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ bool AGS10Component::set_zero_point_with_current_resistance() { return this->set
 
 bool AGS10Component::set_zero_point_with(uint16_t value) {
   std::array<uint8_t, 5> data{0x00, 0x0C, (uint8_t) ((value >> 8) & 0xFF), (uint8_t) (value & 0xFF), 0};
-  data[4] = calc_crc8_(data, 4);
+  data[4] = crc8(data.data(), 4, 0xFF, 0x31, true);
   if (!this->write_bytes(REG_CALIBRATION, data)) {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
     this->status_set_warning();
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ template<size_t N> optional<std::array<uint8_t, N>> AGS10Component::read_and_che
   auto res = *data;
   auto crc_byte = res[len];
 
-  if (crc_byte != calc_crc8_(res, len)) {
+  if (crc_byte != crc8(res.data(), len, 0xFF, 0x31, true)) {
     this->error_code_ = CRC_CHECK_FAILED;
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reading AGS10 version failed: crc error!");
     return optional<std::array<uint8_t, N>>();
@@ -192,20 +192,5 @@ template<size_t N> optional<std::array<uint8_t, N>> AGS10Component::read_and_che
 
   return data;
 }
-
-template<size_t N> uint8_t AGS10Component::calc_crc8_(std::array<uint8_t, N> dat, uint8_t num) {
-  uint8_t i, byte1, crc = 0xFF;
-  for (byte1 = 0; byte1 < num; byte1++) {
-    crc ^= (dat[byte1]);
-    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-      if (crc & 0x80) {
-        crc = (crc << 1) ^ 0x31;
-      } else {
-        crc = (crc << 1);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return crc;
-}
 }  // namespace ags10
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ags10/ags10.h

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ags10 {
@@ -99,16 +99,6 @@ class AGS10Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
    * Read, checks and returns data from the sensor.
    */
   template<size_t N> optional<std::array<uint8_t, N>> read_and_check_(uint8_t a_register);
-
-  /**
-   * Calculates CRC8 value.
-   *
-   * CRC8 calculation, initial value: 0xFF, polynomial: 0x31 (x8+ x5+ x4+1)
-   *
-   * @param[in] dat the data buffer
-   * @param num number of bytes in the buffer
-   */
-  template<size_t N> uint8_t calc_crc8_(std::array<uint8_t, N> dat, uint8_t num);
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AGS10NewI2cAddressAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<AGS10Component> {

esphome/components/aht10/aht10.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void AHT10Component::read_data_() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read attempt %d at %ums", this->read_count_, (unsigned) (millis() - this->start_time_));
   }
   if (this->read(data, 6) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_warning("Read failed, will retry");
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Read failed, will retry"));
     this->restart_read_();
     return;
   }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ void AHT10Component::read_data_() {
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Invalid humidity, retrying");
       if (this->write(AHT10_MEASURE_CMD, sizeof(AHT10_MEASURE_CMD)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-        this->status_set_warning(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+        this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
       }
       this->restart_read_();
       return;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void AHT10Component::update() {
     return;
   this->start_time_ = millis();
   if (this->write(AHT10_MEASURE_CMD, sizeof(AHT10_MEASURE_CMD)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_warning(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   this->restart_read_();

esphome/components/airthings_ble/__init__.py

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    yield esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    await esp32_ble_tracker.register_ble_device(var, config)

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
@@ -301,8 +301,7 @@ async def alarm_action_disarm_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 )
 async def alarm_action_pending_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-    return var
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
@@ -310,8 +309,7 @@ async def alarm_action_pending_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 )
 async def alarm_action_trigger_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-    return var
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
@@ -319,8 +317,7 @@ async def alarm_action_trigger_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 )
 async def alarm_action_chime_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-    return var
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
@@ -333,8 +330,7 @@ async def alarm_action_chime_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 )
 async def alarm_action_ready_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
-    return var
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_condition(
@@ -349,7 +345,6 @@ async def alarm_control_panel_is_armed_to_code(
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(100.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_global(alarm_control_panel_ns.using)
-    cg.add_define("USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL")

esphome/components/am2315c/am2315c.cpp

@@ -29,22 +29,6 @@ namespace am2315c {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "am2315c";
 
-uint8_t AM2315C::crc8_(uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {
-  uint8_t crc = 0xFF;
-  while (len--) {
-    crc ^= *data++;
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-      if (crc & 0x80) {
-        crc <<= 1;
-        crc ^= 0x31;
-      } else {
-        crc <<= 1;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return crc;
-}
-
 bool AM2315C::reset_register_(uint8_t reg) {
   //  code based on demo code sent by www.aosong.com
   //  no further documentation.
@@ -86,7 +70,7 @@ bool AM2315C::convert_(uint8_t *data, float &humidity, float &temperature) {
   humidity = raw * 9.5367431640625e-5;
   raw = ((data[3] & 0x0F) << 16) | (data[4] << 8) | data[5];
   temperature = raw * 1.9073486328125e-4 - 50;
-  return this->crc8_(data, 6) == data[6];
+  return crc8(data, 6, 0xFF, 0x31, true) == data[6];
 }
 
 void AM2315C::setup() {

esphome/components/am2315c/am2315c.h

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 // SOFTWARE.
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace am2315c {
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ class AM2315C : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
 
  protected:
-  uint8_t crc8_(uint8_t *data, uint8_t len);
   bool convert_(uint8_t *data, float &humidity, float &temperature);
   bool reset_register_(uint8_t reg);
 

esphome/components/animation/__init__.py

@@ -34,17 +34,20 @@ SetFrameAction = animation_ns.class_(
     "AnimationSetFrameAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(Animation_)
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = espImage.IMAGE_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(Animation_),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.All(
-            {
-                cv.Optional(CONF_START_FRAME, default=0): cv.positive_int,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_END_FRAME): cv.positive_int,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_REPEAT): cv.positive_int,
-            }
-        ),
-    },
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    espImage.IMAGE_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(Animation_),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.All(
+                {
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_START_FRAME, default=0): cv.positive_int,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_END_FRAME): cv.positive_int,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_REPEAT): cv.positive_int,
+                }
+            ),
+        },
+    ),
+    espImage.validate_settings,
 )
 
 

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import base64
+import logging
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
@@ -24,12 +25,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DOMAIN = "api"
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["socket"]
-CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 api_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("api")
 APIServer = api_ns.class_("APIServer", cg.Component, cg.Controller)
@@ -55,6 +59,9 @@ CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
 CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES = "custom_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES = "homeassistant_states"
+CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG = "listen_backlog"
+CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = "max_connections"
+CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE = "max_send_queue"
 
 
 def validate_encryption_key(value):
@@ -101,6 +108,32 @@ def _encryption_schema(config):
     return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
 
 
+def _validate_api_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Validate API configuration with mutual exclusivity check and deprecation warning."""
+    # Check if both password and encryption are configured
+    has_password = CONF_PASSWORD in config and config[CONF_PASSWORD]
+    has_encryption = CONF_ENCRYPTION in config
+
+    if has_password and has_encryption:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "The 'password' and 'encryption' options are mutually exclusive. "
+            "The API client only supports one authentication method at a time. "
+            "Please remove one of them. "
+            "Note: 'password' authentication is deprecated and will be removed in version 2026.1.0. "
+            "We strongly recommend using 'encryption' instead for better security."
+        )
+
+    # Warn about password deprecation
+    if has_password:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "API 'password' authentication has been deprecated since May 2022 and will be removed in version 2026.1.0. "
+            "Please migrate to the 'encryption' configuration. "
+            "See https://esphome.io/components/api.html#configuration-variables"
+        )
+
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -122,21 +155,56 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CLIENT_CONNECTED): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED): automation.validate_automation(
                 single=True
             ),
+            # Connection limits to prevent memory exhaustion on resource-constrained devices
+            # Each connection uses ~500-1000 bytes of RAM plus system resources
+            # Platform defaults based on available RAM and network stack implementation:
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG,
+                esp8266=1,  # Limited RAM (~40KB free), LWIP raw sockets
+                esp32=4,  # More RAM (520KB), BSD sockets
+                rp2040=1,  # Limited RAM (264KB), LWIP raw sockets like ESP8266
+                bk72xx=4,  # Moderate RAM, BSD-style sockets
+                rtl87xx=4,  # Moderate RAM, BSD-style sockets
+                host=4,  # Abundant resources
+                ln882x=4,  # Moderate RAM
+            ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=10),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
+                esp8266=4,  # ~40KB free RAM, each connection uses ~500-1000 bytes
+                esp32=8,  # 520KB RAM available
+                rp2040=4,  # 264KB RAM but LWIP constraints
+                bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                host=8,  # Abundant resources
+                ln882x=8,  # Moderate RAM
+            ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=20),
+            # Maximum queued send buffers per connection before dropping connection
+            # Each buffer uses ~8-12 bytes overhead plus actual message size
+            # Platform defaults based on available RAM and typical message rates:
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE,
+                esp8266=5,  # Limited RAM, need to fail fast
+                esp32=8,  # More RAM, can buffer more
+                rp2040=5,  # Limited RAM
+                bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                host=16,  # Abundant resources
+                ln882x=8,  # Moderate RAM
+            ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=64),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICES, CONF_ACTIONS),
+    _validate_api_config,
 )
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(40.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -147,6 +215,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_password(config[CONF_PASSWORD]))
     cg.add(var.set_reboot_timeout(config[CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_batch_delay(config[CONF_BATCH_DELAY]))
+    if CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_listen_backlog(config[CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG]))
+    if CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_max_connections(config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]))
+    cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
     # Set USE_API_SERVICES if any services are enabled
     if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
@@ -195,6 +268,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if key := encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
             decoded = base64.b64decode(key)
             cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(list(decoded)))
+            cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML")
         else:
             # No key provided, but encryption desired
             # This will allow a plaintext client to provide a noise key,
@@ -323,6 +397,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA,
 )
 async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
     cg.add(var.set_service("esphome.tag_scanned"))

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ service APIConnection {
     option (needs_setup_connection) = false;
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
   }
-  rpc connect (ConnectRequest) returns (ConnectResponse) {
+  rpc authenticate (AuthenticationRequest) returns (AuthenticationResponse) {
     option (needs_setup_connection) = false;
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
   }
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc subscribe_logs (SubscribeLogsRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_homeassistant_services (SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc subscribe_home_assistant_states (SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc get_time (GetTimeRequest) returns (GetTimeResponse) {
-    option (needs_authentication) = false;
-  }
   rpc execute_service (ExecuteServiceRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc noise_encryption_set_key (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest) returns (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse) {}
 
@@ -69,6 +66,9 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc voice_assistant_set_configuration(VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration) returns (void) {}
 
   rpc alarm_control_panel_command (AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+
+  rpc zwave_proxy_frame(ZWaveProxyFrame) returns (void) {}
+  rpc zwave_proxy_request(ZWaveProxyRequest) returns (void) {}
 }
 
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ message HelloRequest {
   // For example "Home Assistant"
   // Not strictly necessary to send but nice for debugging
   // purposes.
-  string client_info = 1;
+  string client_info = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
   uint32 api_version_major = 2;
   uint32 api_version_minor = 3;
 }
@@ -132,21 +132,23 @@ message HelloResponse {
 
 // Message sent at the beginning of each connection to authenticate the client
 // Can only be sent by the client and only at the beginning of the connection
-message ConnectRequest {
+message AuthenticationRequest {
   option (id) = 3;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_PASSWORD";
 
   // The password to log in with
-  string password = 1;
+  string password = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
 }
 
 // Confirmation of successful connection. After this the connection is available for all traffic.
 // Can only be sent by the server and only at the beginning of the connection
-message ConnectResponse {
+message AuthenticationResponse {
   option (id) = 4;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (no_delay) = true;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_PASSWORD";
 
   bool invalid_password = 1;
 }
@@ -250,11 +252,15 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   // Supports receiving and saving api encryption key
   bool api_encryption_supported = 19 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_NOISE"];
 
-  repeated DeviceInfo devices = 20 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
-  repeated AreaInfo areas = 21 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
+  repeated DeviceInfo devices = 20 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES", (fixed_array_size_define) = "ESPHOME_DEVICE_COUNT"];
+  repeated AreaInfo areas = 21 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS", (fixed_array_size_define) = "ESPHOME_AREA_COUNT"];
 
   // Top-level area info to phase out suggested_area
   AreaInfo area = 22 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_AREAS"];
+
+  // Indicates if Z-Wave proxy support is available and features supported
+  uint32 zwave_proxy_feature_flags = 23 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+  uint32 zwave_home_id = 24 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
 }
 
 message ListEntitiesRequest {
@@ -763,7 +769,7 @@ message HomeassistantServiceMap {
   string value = 2 [(no_zero_copy) = true];
 }
 
-message HomeassistantServiceResponse {
+message HomeassistantActionRequest {
   option (id) = 35;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (no_delay) = true;
@@ -809,15 +815,16 @@ message HomeAssistantStateResponse {
 // ==================== IMPORT TIME ====================
 message GetTimeRequest {
   option (id) = 36;
-  option (source) = SOURCE_BOTH;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
 }
 
 message GetTimeResponse {
   option (id) = 37;
-  option (source) = SOURCE_BOTH;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   fixed32 epoch_seconds = 1;
+  string timezone = 2 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
 }
 
 // ==================== USER-DEFINES SERVICES ====================
@@ -1297,6 +1304,9 @@ enum MediaPlayerState {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE = 1;
   MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING = 2;
   MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED = 3;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING = 4;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF = 5;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON = 6;
 }
 enum MediaPlayerCommand {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY = 0;
@@ -1304,6 +1314,15 @@ enum MediaPlayerCommand {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP = 2;
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_MUTE = 3;
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNMUTE = 4;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE = 5;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP = 6;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN = 7;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE = 8;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE = 9;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF = 10;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST = 11;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON = 12;
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF = 13;
 }
 enum MediaPlayerFormatPurpose {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_DEFAULT = 0;
@@ -1338,6 +1357,8 @@ message ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse {
   repeated MediaPlayerSupportedFormat supported_formats = 9;
 
   uint32 device_id = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+
+  uint32 feature_flags = 11;
 }
 message MediaPlayerStateResponse {
   option (id) = 64;
@@ -1424,11 +1445,11 @@ message BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  repeated BluetoothLERawAdvertisement advertisements = 1;
+  repeated BluetoothLERawAdvertisement advertisements = 1 [(fixed_array_with_length_define) = "BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE"];
 }
 
 enum BluetoothDeviceRequestType {
-  BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT = 0;
+  BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_CONNECT = 0 [deprecated = true]; // V1 removed, use V3 variants
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_DISCONNECT = 1;
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_PAIR = 2;
   BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_REQUEST_TYPE_UNPAIR = 3;
@@ -1444,7 +1465,7 @@ message BluetoothDeviceRequest {
 
   uint64 address = 1;
   BluetoothDeviceRequestType request_type = 2;
-  bool has_address_type = 3;
+  bool has_address_type = 3;  // Deprecated, should be removed in 2027.8 - https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/10318
   uint32 address_type = 4;
 }
 
@@ -1468,21 +1489,39 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest {
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTDescriptor {
-  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2];
+  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2, (fixed_array_skip_zero) = true];
   uint32 handle = 2;
+
+  // New field for efficient UUID (v1.12+)
+  // Only one of uuid or short_uuid will be set.
+  // short_uuid is used for both 16-bit and 32-bit UUIDs with v1.12+ clients.
+  // 128-bit UUIDs always use the uuid field for backwards compatibility.
+  uint32 short_uuid = 3;  // 16-bit or 32-bit UUID
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTCharacteristic {
-  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2];
+  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2, (fixed_array_skip_zero) = true];
   uint32 handle = 2;
   uint32 properties = 3;
   repeated BluetoothGATTDescriptor descriptors = 4;
+
+  // New field for efficient UUID (v1.12+)
+  // Only one of uuid or short_uuid will be set.
+  // short_uuid is used for both 16-bit and 32-bit UUIDs with v1.12+ clients.
+  // 128-bit UUIDs always use the uuid field for backwards compatibility.
+  uint32 short_uuid = 5;  // 16-bit or 32-bit UUID
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTService {
-  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2];
+  repeated uint64 uuid = 1 [(fixed_array_size) = 2, (fixed_array_skip_zero) = true];
   uint32 handle = 2;
   repeated BluetoothGATTCharacteristic characteristics = 3;
+
+  // New field for efficient UUID (v1.12+)
+  // Only one of uuid or short_uuid will be set.
+  // short_uuid is used for both 16-bit and 32-bit UUIDs with v1.12+ clients.
+  // 128-bit UUIDs always use the uuid field for backwards compatibility.
+  uint32 short_uuid = 4;  // 16-bit or 32-bit UUID
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
@@ -1491,7 +1530,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
 
   uint64 address = 1;
-  repeated BluetoothGATTService services = 2 [(fixed_array_size) = 1];
+  repeated BluetoothGATTService services = 2;
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse {
@@ -1532,7 +1571,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
   uint32 handle = 2;
   bool response = 3;
 
-  bytes data = 4;
+  bytes data = 4 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
@@ -1552,7 +1591,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
 
-  bytes data = 3;
+  bytes data = 3 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
@@ -1589,7 +1628,10 @@ message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
 
   uint32 free = 1;
   uint32 limit = 2;
-  repeated uint64 allocated = 3;
+  repeated uint64 allocated = 3 [
+    (fixed_array_size_define) = "BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS",
+    (fixed_array_skip_zero) = true
+  ];
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {
@@ -1677,6 +1719,7 @@ message BluetoothScannerStateResponse {
 
   BluetoothScannerState state = 1;
   BluetoothScannerMode mode = 2;
+  BluetoothScannerMode configured_mode = 3;
 }
 
 message BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest {
@@ -1822,10 +1865,22 @@ message VoiceAssistantWakeWord {
   repeated string trained_languages = 3;
 }
 
+message VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord {
+  string id = 1;
+  string wake_word = 2;
+  repeated string trained_languages = 3;
+  string model_type = 4;
+  uint32 model_size = 5;
+  string model_hash = 6;
+  string url = 7;
+}
+
 message VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest {
   option (id) = 121;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT";
+
+  repeated VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord external_wake_words = 1;
 }
 
 message VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse {
@@ -2240,3 +2295,28 @@ message UpdateCommandRequest {
   UpdateCommand command = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
+
+// ==================== Z-WAVE ====================
+
+message ZWaveProxyFrame {
+  option (id) = 128;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_BOTH;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  bytes data = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+}
+
+enum ZWaveProxyRequestType {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0;
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1;
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE = 2;
+}
+message ZWaveProxyRequest {
+  option (id) = 129;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_BOTH;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
+
+  ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;
+  bytes data = 2 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+}

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 #include "esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+#include "esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -42,6 +45,8 @@ static constexpr uint8_t MAX_PING_RETRIES = 60;
 static constexpr uint16_t PING_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000;
 static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS * 5) / 2;
 
+static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
+
 static const char *const TAG = "api.connection";
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
@@ -112,8 +117,7 @@ void APIConnection::start() {
   APIError err = this->helper_->init();
   if (err != APIError::OK) {
     on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Helper init failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), api_error_to_str(err),
-             errno);
+    this->log_warning_(LOG_STR("Helper init failed"), err);
     return;
   }
   this->client_info_.peername = helper_->getpeername();
@@ -144,8 +148,7 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
   APIError err = this->helper_->loop();
   if (err != APIError::OK) {
     on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Socket operation failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(),
-             api_error_to_str(err), errno);
+    this->log_socket_operation_failed_(err);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -161,8 +164,7 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
         break;
       } else if (err != APIError::OK) {
         on_fatal_error();
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Reading failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), api_error_to_str(err),
-                 errno);
+        this->log_warning_(LOG_STR("Reading failed"), err);
         return;
       } else {
         this->last_traffic_ = now;
@@ -203,7 +205,8 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
     // Disconnect if not responded within 2.5*keepalive
     if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
       on_fatal_error();
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s is unresponsive; disconnecting", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s (%s) is unresponsive; disconnecting", this->client_info_.name.c_str(),
+               this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
     }
   } else if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS && !this->flags_.remove) {
     // Only send ping if we're not disconnecting
@@ -253,7 +256,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
   // remote initiated disconnect_client
   // don't close yet, we still need to send the disconnect response
   // close will happen on next loop
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s disconnected", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) disconnected", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
   this->flags_.next_close = true;
   DisconnectResponse resp;
   return this->send_message(resp, DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
@@ -292,16 +295,26 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
     return 0;  // Doesn't fit
   }
 
-  // Allocate buffer space - pass payload size, allocation functions add header/footer space
-  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer = is_single ? conn->allocate_single_message_buffer(calculated_size)
-                                      : conn->allocate_batch_message_buffer(calculated_size);
-
   // Get buffer size after allocation (which includes header padding)
   std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  size_t size_before_encode = shared_buf.size();
+
+  if (is_single || conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
+    // Single message or first batch message
+    conn->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, total_calculated_size);
+    if (conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
+      conn->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Batch message second or later
+    // Add padding for previous message footer + this message header
+    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
+    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + total_calculated_size);
+    shared_buf.resize(current_size + footer_size + header_padding);
+  }
 
   // Encode directly into buffer
-  msg.encode(buffer);
+  size_t size_before_encode = shared_buf.size();
+  msg.encode({&shared_buf});
 
   // Calculate actual encoded size (not including header that was already added)
   size_t actual_payload_size = shared_buf.size() - size_before_encode;
@@ -413,7 +426,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *con
   msg.supports_speed = traits.supports_speed();
   msg.supports_direction = traits.supports_direction();
   msg.supported_speed_count = traits.supported_speed_count();
-  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes();
+  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes_for_api_();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(fan, msg, ListEntitiesFanResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 void APIConnection::fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
@@ -458,9 +471,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   resp.cold_white = values.get_cold_white();
   resp.warm_white = values.get_warm_white();
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
-    // get_effect_name() returns temporary std::string - must store it
-    std::string effect_name = light->get_effect_name();
-    resp.set_effect(StringRef(effect_name));
+    resp.set_effect(light->get_effect_name_ref());
   }
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(light, resp, LightStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
@@ -469,7 +480,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesLightResponse msg;
   auto traits = light->get_traits();
-  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes();
+  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes_for_api_();
   if (traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLOR_TEMPERATURE) ||
       traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
     msg.min_mireds = traits.get_min_mireds();
@@ -655,7 +666,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   msg.supports_current_humidity = traits.get_supports_current_humidity();
   msg.supports_two_point_target_temperature = traits.get_supports_two_point_target_temperature();
   msg.supports_target_humidity = traits.get_supports_target_humidity();
-  msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes();
+  msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes_for_api_();
   msg.visual_min_temperature = traits.get_visual_min_temperature();
   msg.visual_max_temperature = traits.get_visual_max_temperature();
   msg.visual_target_temperature_step = traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step();
@@ -663,11 +674,11 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   msg.visual_min_humidity = traits.get_visual_min_humidity();
   msg.visual_max_humidity = traits.get_visual_max_humidity();
   msg.supports_action = traits.get_supports_action();
-  msg.supported_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_fan_modes();
-  msg.supported_custom_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
-  msg.supported_presets = &traits.get_supported_presets();
-  msg.supported_custom_presets = &traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-  msg.supported_swing_modes = &traits.get_supported_swing_modes();
+  msg.supported_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_fan_modes_for_api_();
+  msg.supported_custom_fan_modes = &traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes_for_api_();
+  msg.supported_presets = &traits.get_supported_presets_for_api_();
+  msg.supported_custom_presets = &traits.get_supported_custom_presets_for_api_();
+  msg.supported_swing_modes = &traits.get_supported_swing_modes_for_api_();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(climate, msg, ListEntitiesClimateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
                                      is_single);
 }
@@ -999,6 +1010,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse msg;
   auto traits = media_player->get_traits();
   msg.supports_pause = traits.get_supports_pause();
+  msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
   for (auto &supported_format : traits.get_supported_formats()) {
     msg.supported_formats.emplace_back();
     auto &media_format = msg.supported_formats.back();
@@ -1064,17 +1076,23 @@ void APIConnection::camera_image(const CameraImageRequest &msg) {
 
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
 void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
-  if (homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time != nullptr)
+  if (homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time != nullptr) {
     homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_epoch_time(value.epoch_seconds);
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+    if (value.timezone_len > 0) {
+      const std::string &current_tz = homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->get_timezone();
+      // Compare without allocating a string
+      if (current_tz.length() != value.timezone_len ||
+          memcmp(current_tz.c_str(), value.timezone, value.timezone_len) != 0) {
+        homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(
+            std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.timezone), value.timezone_len));
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
-bool APIConnection::send_get_time_response(const GetTimeRequest &msg) {
-  GetTimeResponse resp;
-  resp.epoch_seconds = ::time(nullptr);
-  return this->send_message(resp, GetTimeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-}
-
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIConnection::subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->subscribe_api_connection(this, msg.flags);
@@ -1107,10 +1125,8 @@ void APIConnection::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg)
 
 bool APIConnection::send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(
     const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) {
-  BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse resp;
-  resp.free = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_connections_free();
-  resp.limit = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_connections_limit();
-  return this->send_message(resp, BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->send_connections_free(this);
+  return true;
 }
 
 void APIConnection::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) {
@@ -1187,6 +1203,23 @@ bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response(const VoiceA
       resp_wake_word.trained_languages.push_back(lang);
     }
   }
+
+  // Filter external wake words
+  for (auto &wake_word : msg.external_wake_words) {
+    if (wake_word.model_type != "micro") {
+      // microWakeWord only
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    resp.available_wake_words.emplace_back();
+    auto &resp_wake_word = resp.available_wake_words.back();
+    resp_wake_word.set_id(StringRef(wake_word.id));
+    resp_wake_word.set_wake_word(StringRef(wake_word.wake_word));
+    for (const auto &lang : wake_word.trained_languages) {
+      resp_wake_word.trained_languages.push_back(lang);
+    }
+  }
+
   resp.active_wake_words = &config.active_wake_words;
   resp.max_active_wake_words = config.max_active_wake_words;
   return this->send_message(resp, VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
@@ -1197,7 +1230,16 @@ void APIConnection::voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetCon
     voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->on_set_configuration(msg.active_wake_words);
   }
 }
+#endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+void APIConnection::zwave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) {
+  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->send_frame(msg.data, msg.data_len);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
+  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
@@ -1344,7 +1386,7 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
   }
 
   this->flags_.connection_state = static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionState::AUTHENTICATED);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s connected", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) connected", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
   this->parent_->get_client_connected_trigger()->trigger(this->client_info_.name, this->client_info_.peername);
 #endif
@@ -1356,7 +1398,7 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
 }
 
 bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
-  this->client_info_.name = msg.client_info;
+  this->client_info_.name.assign(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg.client_info), msg.client_info_len);
   this->client_info_.peername = this->helper_->getpeername();
   this->client_api_version_major_ = msg.api_version_major;
   this->client_api_version_minor_ = msg.api_version_minor;
@@ -1365,10 +1407,9 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 10;
-  // Temporary string for concatenation - will be valid during send_message call
-  std::string server_info = App.get_name() + " (esphome v" ESPHOME_VERSION ")";
-  resp.set_server_info(StringRef(server_info));
+  resp.api_version_minor = 12;
+  // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
+  resp.set_server_info(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
   resp.set_name(StringRef(App.get_name()));
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
@@ -1381,20 +1422,17 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
 
   return this->send_message(resp, HelloResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_connect_response(const ConnectRequest &msg) {
-  bool correct = true;
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  correct = this->parent_->check_password(msg.password);
-#endif
-
-  ConnectResponse resp;
+bool APIConnection::send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) {
+  AuthenticationResponse resp;
   // bool invalid_password = 1;
-  resp.invalid_password = !correct;
-  if (correct) {
+  resp.invalid_password = !this->parent_->check_password(msg.password, msg.password_len);
+  if (!resp.invalid_password) {
     this->complete_authentication_();
   }
-  return this->send_message(resp, ConnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp, AuthenticationResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
+#endif  // USE_API_PASSWORD
 
 bool APIConnection::send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) {
   PingResponse resp;
@@ -1415,13 +1453,9 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
   std::string mac_address = get_mac_address_pretty();
   resp.set_mac_address(StringRef(mac_address));
 
-  // Compile-time StringRef constants
-  static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
   resp.set_esphome_version(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
 
-  // get_compilation_time() returns temporary std::string - must store it
-  std::string compilation_time = App.get_compilation_time();
-  resp.set_compilation_time(StringRef(compilation_time));
+  resp.set_compilation_time(App.get_compilation_time_ref());
 
   // Compile-time StringRef constants for manufacturers
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
@@ -1462,22 +1496,30 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   resp.voice_assistant_feature_flags = voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->get_feature_flags();
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  resp.zwave_proxy_feature_flags = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_feature_flags();
+  resp.zwave_home_id = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_home_id();
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   resp.api_encryption_supported = true;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  size_t device_index = 0;
   for (auto const &device : App.get_devices()) {
-    resp.devices.emplace_back();
-    auto &device_info = resp.devices.back();
+    if (device_index >= ESPHOME_DEVICE_COUNT)
+      break;
+    auto &device_info = resp.devices[device_index++];
     device_info.device_id = device->get_device_id();
     device_info.set_name(StringRef(device->get_name()));
     device_info.area_id = device->get_area_id();
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
+  size_t area_index = 0;
   for (auto const &area : App.get_areas()) {
-    resp.areas.emplace_back();
-    auto &area_info = resp.areas.back();
+    if (area_index >= ESPHOME_AREA_COUNT)
+      break;
+    auto &area_info = resp.areas[area_index++];
     area_info.area_id = area->get_area_id();
     area_info.set_name(StringRef(area->get_name()));
   }
@@ -1539,8 +1581,7 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
   APIError err = this->helper_->loop();
   if (err != APIError::OK) {
     on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Socket operation failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(),
-             api_error_to_str(err), errno);
+    this->log_socket_operation_failed_(err);
     return false;
   }
   if (this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
@@ -1560,8 +1601,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
     return false;
   if (err != APIError::OK) {
     on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Packet write failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(),
-             api_error_to_str(err), errno);
+    this->log_warning_(LOG_STR("Packet write failed"), err);
     return false;
   }
   // Do not set last_traffic_ on send
@@ -1570,12 +1610,12 @@ bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
 void APIConnection::on_unauthenticated_access() {
   this->on_fatal_error();
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s access without authentication", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) no authentication", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
 }
 #endif
 void APIConnection::on_no_setup_connection() {
   this->on_fatal_error();
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s access without full connection", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) no connection setup", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
 }
 void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
   this->helper_->close();
@@ -1622,14 +1662,6 @@ bool APIConnection::schedule_batch_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-ProtoWriteBuffer APIConnection::allocate_single_message_buffer(uint16_t size) { return this->create_buffer(size); }
-
-ProtoWriteBuffer APIConnection::allocate_batch_message_buffer(uint16_t size) {
-  ProtoWriteBuffer result = this->prepare_message_buffer(size, this->flags_.batch_first_message);
-  this->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
-  return result;
-}
-
 void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
   // Ensure PacketInfo remains trivially destructible for our placement new approach
   static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<PacketInfo>::value,
@@ -1646,6 +1678,8 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     return;
   }
 
+  // Get shared buffer reference once to avoid multiple calls
+  auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
   size_t num_items = this->deferred_batch_.size();
 
   // Fast path for single message - allocate exact size needed
@@ -1656,8 +1690,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     uint16_t payload_size =
         item.creator(item.entity, this, std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max(), true, item.message_type);
 
-    if (payload_size > 0 &&
-        this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, item.message_type)) {
+    if (payload_size > 0 && this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, item.message_type)) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       // Log messages after send attempt for VV debugging
       // It's safe to use the buffer for logging at this point regardless of send result
@@ -1684,20 +1717,18 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
   const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
 
   // Initialize buffer and tracking variables
-  this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref().clear();
+  shared_buf.clear();
 
   // Pre-calculate exact buffer size needed based on message types
-  uint32_t total_estimated_size = 0;
+  uint32_t total_estimated_size = num_items * (header_padding + footer_size);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < this->deferred_batch_.size(); i++) {
     const auto &item = this->deferred_batch_[i];
     total_estimated_size += item.estimated_size;
   }
 
   // Calculate total overhead for all messages
-  uint32_t total_overhead = (header_padding + footer_size) * num_items;
-
   // Reserve based on estimated size (much more accurate than 24-byte worst-case)
-  this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref().reserve(total_estimated_size + total_overhead);
+  shared_buf.reserve(total_estimated_size);
   this->flags_.batch_first_message = true;
 
   size_t items_processed = 0;
@@ -1738,8 +1769,8 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     }
     remaining_size -= payload_size;
     // Calculate where the next message's header padding will start
-    // Current buffer size + footer space (that prepare_message_buffer will add for this message)
-    current_offset = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref().size() + footer_size;
+    // Current buffer size + footer space for this message
+    current_offset = shared_buf.size() + footer_size;
   }
 
   if (items_processed == 0) {
@@ -1749,17 +1780,15 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 
   // Add footer space for the last message (for Noise protocol MAC)
   if (footer_size > 0) {
-    auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
     shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + footer_size);
   }
 
   // Send all collected packets
-  APIError err = this->helper_->write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()},
+  APIError err = this->helper_->write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf},
                                                        std::span<const PacketInfo>(packet_info, packet_count));
   if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
     on_fatal_error();
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Batch write failed %s errno=%d", this->get_client_combined_info().c_str(), api_error_to_str(err),
-             errno);
+    this->log_warning_(LOG_STR("Batch write failed"), err);
   }
 
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1837,5 +1866,14 @@ void APIConnection::process_state_subscriptions_() {
 }
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 
+void APIConnection::log_warning_(const LogString *message, APIError err) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s (%s): %s %s errno=%d", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str(),
+           LOG_STR_ARG(message), LOG_STR_ARG(api_error_to_logstr(err)), errno);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::log_socket_operation_failed_(APIError err) {
+  this->log_warning_(LOG_STR("Socket operation failed"), err);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 
-#include <vector>
 #include <functional>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -19,14 +19,6 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 struct ClientInfo {
   std::string name;      // Client name from Hello message
   std::string peername;  // IP:port from socket
-
-  std::string get_combined_info() const {
-    if (name == peername) {
-      // Before Hello message, both are the same
-      return name;
-    }
-    return name + " (" + peername + ")";
-  }
 };
 
 // Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
@@ -44,7 +36,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKETS_PER_BATCH = 64;  // ESP32 has 8KB+ stack, HO
 static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKETS_PER_BATCH = 32;  // ESP8266/RP2040/etc have smaller stacks
 #endif
 
-class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
+class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
  public:
   friend class APIServer;
   friend class ListEntitiesIterator;
@@ -132,10 +124,10 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #endif
   bool try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char *line, size_t message_len);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call) {
+  void send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
     if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
       return;
-    this->send_message(call, HomeassistantServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->send_message(call, HomeassistantActionRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
@@ -171,6 +163,11 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   void voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &msg) override;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  void zwave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) override;
+  void zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   bool send_alarm_control_panel_state(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
   void alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) override;
@@ -197,7 +194,9 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) override;
 #endif
   bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-  bool send_connect_response(const ConnectRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+  bool send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
   bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
   bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) override;
   bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;
@@ -219,7 +218,6 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-  bool send_get_time_response(const GetTimeRequest &msg) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
@@ -235,6 +233,13 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
            this->is_authenticated();
   }
   uint8_t get_log_subscription_level() const { return this->flags_.log_subscription; }
+
+  // Get client API version for feature detection
+  bool client_supports_api_version(uint16_t major, uint16_t minor) const {
+    return this->client_api_version_major_ > major ||
+           (this->client_api_version_major_ == major && this->client_api_version_minor_ >= minor);
+  }
+
   void on_fatal_error() override;
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
   void on_unauthenticated_access() override;
@@ -245,54 +250,28 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 
     // Get header padding size - used for both reserve and insert
     uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
-
     // Get shared buffer from parent server
     std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding,
+                                       reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
+    return {&shared_buf};
+  }
+
+  void prepare_first_message_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
     shared_buf.clear();
     // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
     // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
     // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
-    shared_buf.reserve(reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
+    shared_buf.reserve(total_size);
     // Resize to add header padding so message encoding starts at the correct position
     shared_buf.resize(header_padding);
-    return {&shared_buf};
-  }
-
-  // Prepare buffer for next message in batch
-  ProtoWriteBuffer prepare_message_buffer(uint16_t message_size, bool is_first_message) {
-    // Get reference to shared buffer (it maintains state between batch messages)
-    std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-
-    if (is_first_message) {
-      shared_buf.clear();
-    }
-
-    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
-
-    // Calculate padding to add:
-    // - First message: just header padding
-    // - Subsequent messages: footer for previous message + header padding for this message
-    size_t padding_to_add = is_first_message
-                                ? this->helper_->frame_header_padding()
-                                : this->helper_->frame_header_padding() + this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
-
-    // Reserve space for padding + message
-    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + padding_to_add + message_size);
-
-    // Resize to add the padding bytes
-    shared_buf.resize(current_size + padding_to_add);
-
-    return {&shared_buf};
   }
 
   bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space);
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) override;
 
-  std::string get_client_combined_info() const { return this->client_info_.get_combined_info(); }
-
-  // Buffer allocator methods for batch processing
-  ProtoWriteBuffer allocate_single_message_buffer(uint16_t size);
-  ProtoWriteBuffer allocate_batch_message_buffer(uint16_t size);
+  const std::string &get_name() const { return this->client_info_.name; }
+  const std::string &get_peername() const { return this->client_info_.peername; }
 
  protected:
   // Helper function to handle authentication completion
@@ -300,7 +279,7 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void process_state_subscriptions_();
-#endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
+#endif
 
   // Non-template helper to encode any ProtoMessage
   static uint16_t encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
@@ -321,9 +300,17 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) {
     // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
     msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
-    // IMPORTANT: get_object_id() may return a temporary std::string
-    std::string object_id = entity->get_object_id();
-    msg.set_object_id(StringRef(object_id));
+    // Try to use static reference first to avoid allocation
+    StringRef static_ref = entity->get_object_id_ref_for_api_();
+    // Store dynamic string outside the if-else to maintain lifetime
+    std::string object_id;
+    if (!static_ref.empty()) {
+      msg.set_object_id(static_ref);
+    } else {
+      // Dynamic case - need to allocate
+      object_id = entity->get_object_id();
+      msg.set_object_id(StringRef(object_id));
+    }
 
     if (entity->has_own_name()) {
       msg.set_name(entity->get_name());
@@ -696,10 +683,16 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreatorPtr creator, uint8_t message_type,
                            uint8_t estimated_size) {
     // Try to send immediately if:
-    // 1. We should try to send immediately (should_try_send_immediately = true)
-    // 2. Batch delay is 0 (user has opted in to immediate sending)
-    // 3. Buffer has space available
-    if (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0 &&
+    // 1. It's an UpdateStateResponse (always send immediately to handle cases where
+    //    the main loop is blocked, e.g., during OTA updates)
+    // 2. OR: We should try to send immediately (should_try_send_immediately = true)
+    //        AND Batch delay is 0 (user has opted in to immediate sending)
+    // 3. AND: Buffer has space available
+    if ((
+#ifdef USE_UPDATE
+            message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
+#endif
+            (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0)) &&
         this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
       // Now actually encode and send
       if (creator(entity, this, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true) &&
@@ -736,6 +729,11 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
     this->deferred_batch_.add_item_front(entity, MessageCreator(function_ptr), message_type, estimated_size);
     return this->schedule_batch_();
   }
+
+  // Helper function to log API errors with errno
+  void log_warning_(const LogString *message, APIError err);
+  // Specific helper for duplicated error message
+  void log_socket_operation_failed_(APIError err);
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.frame_helper";
 
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, this->client_info_->get_combined_info().c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
@@ -23,64 +24,64 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.frame_helper";
 #define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ((void) 0)
 #endif
 
-const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
+const LogString *api_error_to_logstr(APIError err) {
   // not using switch to ensure compiler doesn't try to build a big table out of it
   if (err == APIError::OK) {
-    return "OK";
+    return LOG_STR("OK");
   } else if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
-    return "WOULD_BLOCK";
+    return LOG_STR("WOULD_BLOCK");
   } else if (err == APIError::BAD_INDICATOR) {
-    return "BAD_INDICATOR";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_INDICATOR");
   } else if (err == APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET) {
-    return "BAD_DATA_PACKET";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_DATA_PACKET");
   } else if (err == APIError::TCP_NODELAY_FAILED) {
-    return "TCP_NODELAY_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("TCP_NODELAY_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED) {
-    return "TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("TCP_NONBLOCKING_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::CLOSE_FAILED) {
-    return "CLOSE_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("CLOSE_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::SHUTDOWN_FAILED) {
-    return "SHUTDOWN_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("SHUTDOWN_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::BAD_STATE) {
-    return "BAD_STATE";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_STATE");
   } else if (err == APIError::BAD_ARG) {
-    return "BAD_ARG";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_ARG");
   } else if (err == APIError::SOCKET_READ_FAILED) {
-    return "SOCKET_READ_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("SOCKET_READ_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED) {
-    return "SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY) {
-    return "OUT_OF_MEMORY";
+    return LOG_STR("OUT_OF_MEMORY");
   } else if (err == APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED) {
-    return "CONNECTION_CLOSED";
+    return LOG_STR("CONNECTION_CLOSED");
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   else if (err == APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN) {
-    return "BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN");
   } else if (err == APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED) {
-    return "HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED) {
-    return "HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE) {
-    return "HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE";
+    return LOG_STR("HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE");
   } else if (err == APIError::CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED) {
-    return "CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED) {
-    return "CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED) {
-    return "HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED) {
-    return "HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED";
+    return LOG_STR("HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED");
   } else if (err == APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE) {
-    return "BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE";
+    return LOG_STR("BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE");
   }
 #endif
-  return "UNKNOWN";
+  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
 }
 
 // Default implementation for loop - handles sending buffered data
 APIError APIFrameHelper::loop() {
-  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+  if (this->tx_buf_count_ > 0) {
     APIError err = try_send_tx_buf_();
     if (err != APIError::OK && err != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
       return err;
@@ -102,9 +103,20 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::handle_socket_write_error_() {
 // Helper method to buffer data from IOVs
 void APIFrameHelper::buffer_data_from_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_write_len,
                                            uint16_t offset) {
-  SendBuffer buffer;
-  buffer.size = total_write_len - offset;
-  buffer.data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(buffer.size);
+  // Check if queue is full
+  if (this->tx_buf_count_ >= API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE) {
+    HELPER_LOG("Send queue full (%u buffers), dropping connection", this->tx_buf_count_);
+    this->state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t buffer_size = total_write_len - offset;
+  auto &buffer = this->tx_buf_[this->tx_buf_tail_];
+  buffer = std::make_unique<SendBuffer>(SendBuffer{
+      .data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(buffer_size),
+      .size = buffer_size,
+      .offset = 0,
+  });
 
   uint16_t to_skip = offset;
   uint16_t write_pos = 0;
@@ -117,12 +129,15 @@ void APIFrameHelper::buffer_data_from_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
       // Include this segment (partially or fully)
       const uint8_t *src = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_skip;
       uint16_t len = static_cast<uint16_t>(iov[i].iov_len) - to_skip;
-      std::memcpy(buffer.data.get() + write_pos, src, len);
+      std::memcpy(buffer->data.get() + write_pos, src, len);
       write_pos += len;
       to_skip = 0;
     }
   }
-  this->tx_buf_.push_back(std::move(buffer));
+
+  // Update circular buffer tracking
+  this->tx_buf_tail_ = (this->tx_buf_tail_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
+  this->tx_buf_count_++;
 }
 
 // This method writes data to socket or buffers it
@@ -140,7 +155,7 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
 #endif
 
   // Try to send any existing buffered data first if there is any
-  if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+  if (this->tx_buf_count_ > 0) {
     APIError send_result = try_send_tx_buf_();
     // If real error occurred (not just WOULD_BLOCK), return it
     if (send_result != APIError::OK && send_result != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
@@ -149,14 +164,16 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
 
     // If there is still data in the buffer, we can't send, buffer
     // the new data and return
-    if (!this->tx_buf_.empty()) {
+    if (this->tx_buf_count_ > 0) {
       this->buffer_data_from_iov_(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len, 0);
       return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
     }
   }
 
   // Try to send directly if no buffered data
-  ssize_t sent = this->socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
+  // Optimize for single iovec case (common for plaintext API)
+  ssize_t sent =
+      (iovcnt == 1) ? this->socket_->write(iov[0].iov_base, iov[0].iov_len) : this->socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
 
   if (sent == -1) {
     APIError err = this->handle_socket_write_error_();
@@ -175,32 +192,31 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
 }
 
 // Common implementation for trying to send buffered data
-// IMPORTANT: Caller MUST ensure tx_buf_ is not empty before calling this method
+// IMPORTANT: Caller MUST ensure tx_buf_count_ > 0 before calling this method
 APIError APIFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
   // Try to send from tx_buf - we assume it's not empty as it's the caller's responsibility to check
-  bool tx_buf_empty = false;
-  while (!tx_buf_empty) {
+  while (this->tx_buf_count_ > 0) {
     // Get the first buffer in the queue
-    SendBuffer &front_buffer = this->tx_buf_.front();
+    SendBuffer *front_buffer = this->tx_buf_[this->tx_buf_head_].get();
 
     // Try to send the remaining data in this buffer
-    ssize_t sent = this->socket_->write(front_buffer.current_data(), front_buffer.remaining());
+    ssize_t sent = this->socket_->write(front_buffer->current_data(), front_buffer->remaining());
 
     if (sent == -1) {
       return this->handle_socket_write_error_();
     } else if (sent == 0) {
       // Nothing sent but not an error
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
-    } else if (static_cast<uint16_t>(sent) < front_buffer.remaining()) {
+    } else if (static_cast<uint16_t>(sent) < front_buffer->remaining()) {
       // Partially sent, update offset
       // Cast to ensure no overflow issues with uint16_t
-      front_buffer.offset += static_cast<uint16_t>(sent);
+      front_buffer->offset += static_cast<uint16_t>(sent);
       return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;  // Stop processing more buffers if we couldn't send a complete buffer
     } else {
       // Buffer completely sent, remove it from the queue
-      this->tx_buf_.pop_front();
-      // Update empty status for the loop condition
-      tx_buf_empty = this->tx_buf_.empty();
+      this->tx_buf_[this->tx_buf_head_].reset();
+      this->tx_buf_head_ = (this->tx_buf_head_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
+      this->tx_buf_count_--;
       // Continue loop to try sending the next buffer
     }
   }

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
+#include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <deque>
 #include <limits>
+#include <memory>
 #include <span>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -17,6 +18,16 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 // uncomment to log raw packets
 //#define HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
 
+// Maximum message size limits to prevent OOM on constrained devices
+// Voice Assistant is our largest user at 1024 bytes per audio chunk
+// Using 2048 + 256 bytes overhead = 2304 bytes total to support voice and future needs
+// ESP8266 has very limited RAM and cannot support voice assistant
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 512;  // Keep small for memory constrained ESP8266
+#else
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 2304;  // Support voice (1024) + headroom for larger messages
+#endif
+
 // Forward declaration
 struct ClientInfo;
 
@@ -66,7 +77,7 @@ enum class APIError : uint16_t {
 #endif
 };
 
-const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err);
+const LogString *api_error_to_logstr(APIError err);
 
 class APIFrameHelper {
  public:
@@ -79,7 +90,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
   virtual APIError loop();
   virtual APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) = 0;
-  bool can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
+  bool can_write_without_blocking() { return this->state_ == State::DATA && this->tx_buf_count_ == 0; }
   std::string getpeername() { return socket_->getpeername(); }
   int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen); }
   APIError close() {
@@ -104,9 +115,9 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // The buffer contains all messages with appropriate padding before each
   virtual APIError write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const PacketInfo> packets) = 0;
   // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
-  virtual uint8_t frame_header_padding() = 0;
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding() const { return frame_header_padding_; }
   // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
-  virtual uint8_t frame_footer_size() = 0;
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size() const { return frame_footer_size_; }
   // Check if socket has data ready to read
   bool is_socket_ready() const { return socket_ != nullptr && socket_->ready(); }
 
@@ -161,7 +172,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   };
 
   // Containers (size varies, but typically 12+ bytes on 32-bit)
-  std::deque<SendBuffer> tx_buf_;
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<SendBuffer>, API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE> tx_buf_;
   std::vector<struct iovec> reusable_iovs_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
 
@@ -174,7 +185,10 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   State state_{State::INITIALIZE};
   uint8_t frame_header_padding_{0};
   uint8_t frame_footer_size_{0};
-  // 5 bytes total, 3 bytes padding
+  uint8_t tx_buf_head_{0};
+  uint8_t tx_buf_tail_{0};
+  uint8_t tx_buf_count_{0};
+  // 8 bytes total, 0 bytes padding
 
   // Common initialization for both plaintext and noise protocols
   APIError init_common_();

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -10,13 +10,22 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <pgmspace.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.noise";
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+static const char PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseAPIInit";
+#else
 static const char *const PROLOGUE_INIT = "NoiseAPIInit";
+#endif
 static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN = 12;  // strlen("NoiseAPIInit")
 
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, this->client_info_->get_combined_info().c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
@@ -27,42 +36,42 @@ static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN = 12;  // strlen("NoiseAPIInit")
 #endif
 
 /// Convert a noise error code to a readable error
-std::string noise_err_to_str(int err) {
+const LogString *noise_err_to_logstr(int err) {
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NO_MEMORY)
-    return "NO_MEMORY";
+    return LOG_STR("NO_MEMORY");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ID)
-    return "UNKNOWN_ID";
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_ID");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_UNKNOWN_NAME)
-    return "UNKNOWN_NAME";
+    return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN_NAME");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE)
-    return "MAC_FAILURE";
+    return LOG_STR("MAC_FAILURE");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_NOT_APPLICABLE)
-    return "NOT_APPLICABLE";
+    return LOG_STR("NOT_APPLICABLE");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_SYSTEM)
-    return "SYSTEM";
+    return LOG_STR("SYSTEM");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return "REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED";
+    return LOG_STR("REMOTE_KEY_REQUIRED");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED)
-    return "LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED";
+    return LOG_STR("LOCAL_KEY_REQUIRED");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_PSK_REQUIRED)
-    return "PSK_REQUIRED";
+    return LOG_STR("PSK_REQUIRED");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH)
-    return "INVALID_LENGTH";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_LENGTH");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM)
-    return "INVALID_PARAM";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PARAM");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
-    return "INVALID_STATE";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_STATE");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_NONCE)
-    return "INVALID_NONCE";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_NONCE");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY)
-    return "INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PRIVATE_KEY");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY)
-    return "INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_FORMAT)
-    return "INVALID_FORMAT";
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_FORMAT");
   if (err == NOISE_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE)
-    return "INVALID_SIGNATURE";
-  return to_string(err);
+    return LOG_STR("INVALID_SIGNATURE");
+  return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
 }
 
 /// Initialize the frame helper, returns OK if successful.
@@ -75,7 +84,11 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
   // init prologue
   size_t old_size = prologue_.size();
   prologue_.resize(old_size + PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  memcpy_P(prologue_.data() + old_size, PROLOGUE_INIT, PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+#else
   std::memcpy(prologue_.data() + old_size, PROLOGUE_INIT, PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+#endif
 
   state_ = State::CLIENT_HELLO;
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -83,18 +96,18 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
 // Helper for handling handshake frame errors
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_handshake_frame_error_(APIError aerr) {
   if (aerr == APIError::BAD_INDICATOR) {
-    send_explicit_handshake_reject_("Bad indicator byte");
+    send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad indicator byte"));
   } else if (aerr == APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN) {
-    send_explicit_handshake_reject_("Bad handshake packet len");
+    send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake packet len"));
   }
   return aerr;
 }
 
 // Helper for handling noise library errors
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_noise_error_(int err, const char *func_name, APIError api_err) {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func_name, APIError api_err) {
   if (err != 0) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("%s failed: %s", func_name, noise_err_to_str(err).c_str());
+    HELPER_LOG("%s failed: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(func_name), LOG_STR_ARG(noise_err_to_logstr(err)));
     return api_err;
   }
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -172,6 +185,13 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(std::vector<uint8_t> *frame) {
     return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN;
   }
 
+  // Check against maximum message size to prevent OOM
+  if (msg_size > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE) {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %u exceeds maximum %u", msg_size, MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE);
+    return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
+  }
+
   // reserve space for body
   if (rx_buf_.size() != msg_size) {
     rx_buf_.resize(msg_size);
@@ -279,11 +299,11 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
       }
 
       if (frame.empty()) {
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_("Empty handshake message");
+        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Empty handshake message"));
         return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
       } else if (frame[0] != 0x00) {
         HELPER_LOG("Bad handshake error byte: %u", frame[0]);
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_("Bad handshake error byte");
+        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(LOG_STR("Bad handshake error byte"));
         return APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_ERROR_BYTE;
       }
 
@@ -293,8 +313,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
       err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
       if (err != 0) {
         // Special handling for MAC failure
-        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? "Handshake MAC failure" : "Handshake error");
-        return handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_read_message", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
+        send_explicit_handshake_reject_(err == NOISE_ERROR_MAC_FAILURE ? LOG_STR("Handshake MAC failure")
+                                                                       : LOG_STR("Handshake error"));
+        return handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_read_message"),
+                                   APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_READ_FAILED);
       }
 
       aerr = check_handshake_finished_();
@@ -307,8 +329,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
       noise_buffer_set_output(mbuf, buffer + 1, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
 
       err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(handshake_, &mbuf, nullptr);
-      APIError aerr_write =
-          handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_write_message", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
+      APIError aerr_write = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_write_message"),
+                                                APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_WRITE_FAILED);
       if (aerr_write != APIError::OK)
         return aerr_write;
       buffer[0] = 0x00;  // success
@@ -331,15 +353,31 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
   }
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &reason) {
+void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reason) {
+#ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
+  // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
+  size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
   std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-  data.resize(reason.length() + 1);
+  data.resize(reason_len + 1);
+  data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
+
+  // Copy error message from PROGMEM
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    memcpy_P(data.data() + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
+  }
+#else
+  // Normal memory access
+  const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
+  size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+  data.resize(reason_len + 1);
   data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
 
   // Copy error message in bulk
-  if (!reason.empty()) {
-    std::memcpy(data.data() + 1, reason.c_str(), reason.length());
+  if (reason_len > 0) {
+    std::memcpy(data.data() + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
   }
+#endif
 
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
@@ -368,7 +406,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
   noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, frame.data(), frame.size(), frame.size());
   err = noise_cipherstate_decrypt(recv_cipher_, &mbuf);
-  APIError decrypt_err = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_cipherstate_decrypt", APIError::CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED);
+  APIError decrypt_err =
+      handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_cipherstate_decrypt"), APIError::CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED);
   if (decrypt_err != APIError::OK)
     return decrypt_err;
 
@@ -450,7 +489,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, st
                            4 + packet.payload_size + frame_footer_size_);
 
     int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(send_cipher_, &mbuf);
-    APIError aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_cipherstate_encrypt", APIError::CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED);
+    APIError aerr =
+        handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_cipherstate_encrypt"), APIError::CIPHERSTATE_ENCRYPT_FAILED);
     if (aerr != APIError::OK)
       return aerr;
 
@@ -504,25 +544,27 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   nid_.modifier_ids[0] = NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0;
 
   err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&handshake_, &nid_, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
-  APIError aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_new_by_id", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  APIError aerr =
+      handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_new_by_id"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
   const auto &psk = ctx_->get_psk();
   err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
+                             APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
   err = noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(handshake_, prologue_.data(), prologue_.size());
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_set_prologue", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_prologue"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   // set_prologue copies it into handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
   prologue_ = {};
 
   err = noise_handshakestate_start(handshake_);
-  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_start", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
+  aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_start"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -540,7 +582,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
     return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_BAD_STATE;
   }
   int err = noise_handshakestate_split(handshake_, &send_cipher_, &recv_cipher_);
-  APIError aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, "noise_handshakestate_split", APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED);
+  APIError aerr =
+      handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_split"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
+class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx,
                       const ClientInfo *client_info)
@@ -25,10 +25,6 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const PacketInfo> packets) override;
-  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
-  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
-  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
-  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
 
  protected:
   APIError state_action_();
@@ -36,9 +32,9 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
-  void send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &reason);
+  void send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reason);
   APIError handle_handshake_frame_error_(APIError aerr);
-  APIError handle_noise_error_(int err, const char *func_name, APIError api_err);
+  APIError handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func_name, APIError api_err);
 
   // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
   NoiseHandshakeState *handshake_{nullptr};

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -10,11 +10,16 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <pgmspace.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.plaintext";
 
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, this->client_info_->get_combined_info().c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
@@ -118,10 +123,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(std::vector<uint8_t> *frame) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (msg_size_varint->as_uint32() > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
+    if (msg_size_varint->as_uint32() > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE) {
       state_ = State::FAILED;
       HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u", msg_size_varint->as_uint32(),
-                 std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
+                 MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE);
       return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
     }
     rx_header_parsed_len_ = msg_size_varint->as_uint16();
@@ -197,11 +202,20 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
       // We must send at least 3 bytes to be read, so we add
       // a message after the indicator byte to ensures its long
       // enough and can aid in debugging.
-      const char msg[] = "\x00"
-                         "Bad indicator byte";
+      static constexpr uint8_t INDICATOR_MSG_SIZE = 19;
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+      static const char MSG_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = "\x00"
+                                                "Bad indicator byte";
+      char msg[INDICATOR_MSG_SIZE];
+      memcpy_P(msg, MSG_PROGMEM, INDICATOR_MSG_SIZE);
       iov[0].iov_base = (void *) msg;
-      iov[0].iov_len = 19;
-      this->write_raw_(iov, 1, 19);
+#else
+      static const char MSG[] = "\x00"
+                                "Bad indicator byte";
+      iov[0].iov_base = (void *) MSG;
+#endif
+      iov[0].iov_len = INDICATOR_MSG_SIZE;
+      this->write_raw_(iov, 1, INDICATOR_MSG_SIZE);
     }
     return aerr;
   }

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
+class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, const ClientInfo *client_info)
       : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info) {
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const PacketInfo> packets) override;
-  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
-  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
-  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
 
  protected:
   APIError try_read_frame_(std::vector<uint8_t> *frame);

esphome/components/api/api_options.proto

@@ -28,5 +28,40 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     optional string field_ifdef = 1042;
     optional uint32 fixed_array_size = 50007;
     optional bool no_zero_copy = 50008 [default=false];
+    optional bool fixed_array_skip_zero = 50009 [default=false];
+    optional string fixed_array_size_define = 50010;
+    optional string fixed_array_with_length_define = 50011;
+
+    // pointer_to_buffer: Use pointer instead of array for fixed-size byte fields
+    // When set, the field will be declared as a pointer (const uint8_t *data)
+    // instead of an array (uint8_t data[N]). This allows zero-copy on decode
+    // by pointing directly to the protobuf buffer. The buffer must remain valid
+    // until the message is processed (which is guaranteed for stack-allocated messages).
+    optional bool pointer_to_buffer = 50012 [default=false];
+
+    // container_pointer: Zero-copy optimization for repeated fields.
+    //
+    // When container_pointer is set on a repeated field, the generated message will
+    // store a pointer to an existing container instead of copying the data into the
+    // message's own repeated field. This eliminates heap allocations and improves performance.
+    //
+    // Requirements for safe usage:
+    // 1. The source container must remain valid until the message is encoded
+    // 2. Messages must be encoded immediately (which ESPHome does by default)
+    // 3. The container type must match the field type exactly
+    //
+    // Supported container types:
+    // - "std::vector<T>" for most repeated fields
+    // - "std::set<T>" for unique/sorted data
+    // - Full type specification required for enums (e.g., "std::set<climate::ClimateMode>")
+    //
+    // Example usage in .proto file:
+    //   repeated string supported_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::set"];
+    //   repeated ColorMode color_modes = 13 [(container_pointer) = "std::set<light::ColorMode>"];
+    //
+    // The corresponding C++ code must provide const reference access to a container
+    // that matches the specified type and remains valid during message encoding.
+    // This is typically done through methods returning const T& or special accessor
+    // methods like get_options() or supported_modes_for_api_().
     optional string container_pointer = 50001;
 }

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@ bool HelloRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
 }
 bool HelloRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 1:
-      this->client_info = value.as_string();
+    case 1: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->client_info = value.data();
+      this->client_info_len = value.size();
       break;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -42,18 +45,23 @@ void HelloResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->server_info_ref_.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->name_ref_.size());
 }
-bool ConnectRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+bool AuthenticationRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 1:
-      this->password = value.as_string();
+    case 1: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->password = value.data();
+      this->password_len = value.size();
       break;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
-void ConnectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
-void ConnectResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
+void AuthenticationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
+void AuthenticationResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
 void AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->area_id);
@@ -115,18 +123,24 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bool(19, this->api_encryption_supported);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  for (auto &it : this->devices) {
+  for (const auto &it : this->devices) {
     buffer.encode_message(20, it, true);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  for (auto &it : this->areas) {
+  for (const auto &it : this->areas) {
     buffer.encode_message(21, it, true);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   buffer.encode_message(22, this->area);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  buffer.encode_uint32(23, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  buffer.encode_uint32(24, this->zwave_home_id);
+#endif
 }
 void DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
@@ -167,14 +181,24 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_bool(2, this->api_encryption_supported);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_repeated_message(2, this->devices);
+  for (const auto &it : this->devices) {
+    size.add_message_object_force(2, it);
+  }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  size.add_repeated_message(2, this->areas);
+  for (const auto &it : this->areas) {
+    size.add_message_object_force(2, it);
+  }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   size.add_message_object(2, this->area);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  size.add_uint32(2, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  size.add_uint32(2, this->zwave_home_id);
+#endif
 }
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
@@ -848,7 +872,7 @@ void HomeassistantServiceMap::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->key_ref_.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->value.size());
 }
-void HomeassistantServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->service_ref_);
   for (auto &it : this->data) {
     buffer.encode_message(2, it, true);
@@ -861,7 +885,7 @@ void HomeassistantServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->is_event);
 }
-void HomeassistantServiceResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+void HomeassistantActionRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->service_ref_.size());
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->data);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->data_template);
@@ -897,6 +921,19 @@ bool HomeAssistantStateResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDel
   return true;
 }
 #endif
+bool GetTimeResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->timezone = value.data();
+      this->timezone_len = value.size();
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 bool GetTimeResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
@@ -907,8 +944,6 @@ bool GetTimeResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-void GetTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->epoch_seconds); }
-void GetTimeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_fixed32(1, this->epoch_seconds); }
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name_ref_);
@@ -1725,6 +1760,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  buffer.encode_uint32(11, this->feature_flags);
 }
 void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->object_id_ref_.size());
@@ -1740,6 +1776,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
 }
 void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1837,12 +1874,14 @@ void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  for (auto &it : this->advertisements) {
-    buffer.encode_message(1, it, true);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
+    buffer.encode_message(1, this->advertisements[i], true);
   }
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->advertisements);
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
+    size.add_message_object_force(1, this->advertisements[i]);
+  }
 }
 bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1886,52 +1925,72 @@ bool BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarI
   return true;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  }
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  }
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  }
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->properties);
   for (auto &it : this->descriptors) {
     buffer.encode_message(4, it, true);
   }
+  buffer.encode_uint32(5, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  }
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->properties);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->descriptors);
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
+    buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
+  }
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   for (auto &it : this->characteristics) {
     buffer.encode_message(3, it, true);
   }
+  buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTService::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-  size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+  }
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->characteristics);
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
-  buffer.encode_message(2, this->services[0], true);
+  for (auto &it : this->services) {
+    buffer.encode_message(2, it, true);
+  }
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_message_object_force(1, this->services[0]);
+  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->services);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
@@ -1978,9 +2037,12 @@ bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt val
 }
 bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 4:
-      this->data = value.as_string();
+    case 4: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
       break;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -2014,9 +2076,12 @@ bool BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, Proto
 }
 bool BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 3:
-      this->data = value.as_string();
+    case 3: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
       break;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -2051,15 +2116,17 @@ void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->free);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->limit);
-  for (auto &it : this->allocated) {
-    buffer.encode_uint64(3, it, true);
+  for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
+    if (it != 0) {
+      buffer.encode_uint64(3, it, true);
+    }
   }
 }
 void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->free);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->limit);
-  if (!this->allocated.empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
+  for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
+    if (it != 0) {
       size.add_uint64_force(1, it);
     }
   }
@@ -2123,10 +2190,12 @@ void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
 }
 void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
 }
 bool BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2328,6 +2397,52 @@ void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
 }
+bool VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 5:
+      this->model_size = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->id = value.as_string();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->wake_word = value.as_string();
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      this->trained_languages.push_back(value.as_string());
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      this->model_type = value.as_string();
+      break;
+    case 6:
+      this->model_hash = value.as_string();
+      break;
+    case 7:
+      this->url = value.as_string();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->external_wake_words.emplace_back();
+      value.decode_to_message(this->external_wake_words.back());
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   for (auto &it : this->available_wake_words) {
     buffer.encode_message(1, it, true);
@@ -2971,5 +3086,53 @@ bool UpdateCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   return true;
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+bool ZWaveProxyFrame::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void ZWaveProxyFrame::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len); }
+void ZWaveProxyFrame::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_length(1, this->data_len); }
+bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(value.as_uint32());
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void ZWaveProxyRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data, this->data_len);
+}
+void ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  size.add_length(2, this->data_len);
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -383,6 +383,12 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::MediaPlayerState>(enums::Medi
       return "MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING";
     case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED:
       return "MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
@@ -399,6 +405,24 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::MediaPlayerCommand>(enums::Me
       return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_MUTE";
     case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNMUTE:
       return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNMUTE";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON";
+    case enums::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF:
+      return "MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
@@ -631,10 +655,26 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::UpdateCommand>(enums::UpdateC
   }
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+      return "ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE";
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      return "ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE";
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE:
+      return "ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+#endif
 
 void HelloRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "HelloRequest");
-  dump_field(out, "client_info", this->client_info);
+  out.append("  client_info: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->client_info, this->client_info_len));
+  out.append("\n");
   dump_field(out, "api_version_major", this->api_version_major);
   dump_field(out, "api_version_minor", this->api_version_minor);
 }
@@ -645,8 +685,18 @@ void HelloResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "server_info", this->server_info_ref_);
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name_ref_);
 }
-void ConnectRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { dump_field(out, "password", this->password); }
-void ConnectResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const { dump_field(out, "invalid_password", this->invalid_password); }
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+void AuthenticationRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "AuthenticationRequest");
+  out.append("  password: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->password, this->password_len));
+  out.append("\n");
+}
+void AuthenticationResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "AuthenticationResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "invalid_password", this->invalid_password);
+}
+#endif
 void DisconnectRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("DisconnectRequest {}"); }
 void DisconnectResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("DisconnectResponse {}"); }
 void PingRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("PingRequest {}"); }
@@ -725,6 +775,12 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   this->area.dump_to(out);
   out.append("\n");
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  dump_field(out, "zwave_proxy_feature_flags", this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  dump_field(out, "zwave_home_id", this->zwave_home_id);
+#endif
 }
 void ListEntitiesRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("ListEntitiesRequest {}"); }
 void ListEntitiesDoneResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("ListEntitiesDoneResponse {}"); }
@@ -1047,8 +1103,8 @@ void HomeassistantServiceMap::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "key", this->key_ref_);
   dump_field(out, "value", this->value);
 }
-void HomeassistantServiceResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
-  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "HomeassistantServiceResponse");
+void HomeassistantActionRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "HomeassistantActionRequest");
   dump_field(out, "service", this->service_ref_);
   for (const auto &it : this->data) {
     out.append("  data: ");
@@ -1086,7 +1142,13 @@ void HomeAssistantStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 }
 #endif
 void GetTimeRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("GetTimeRequest {}"); }
-void GetTimeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const { dump_field(out, "epoch_seconds", this->epoch_seconds); }
+void GetTimeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "GetTimeResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "epoch_seconds", this->epoch_seconds);
+  out.append("  timezone: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->timezone, this->timezone_len));
+  out.append("\n");
+}
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ListEntitiesServicesArgument");
@@ -1111,7 +1173,7 @@ void ExecuteServiceArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "string_", this->string_);
   dump_field(out, "int_", this->int_);
   for (const auto it : this->bool_array) {
-    dump_field(out, "bool_array", it, 4);
+    dump_field(out, "bool_array", static_cast<bool>(it), 4);
   }
   for (const auto &it : this->int_array) {
     dump_field(out, "int_array", it, 4);
@@ -1466,6 +1528,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   dump_field(out, "device_id", this->device_id);
 #endif
+  dump_field(out, "feature_flags", this->feature_flags);
 }
 void MediaPlayerStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "MediaPlayerStateResponse");
@@ -1509,9 +1572,9 @@ void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse");
-  for (const auto &it : this->advertisements) {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
     out.append("  advertisements: ");
-    it.dump_to(out);
+    this->advertisements[i].dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
 }
@@ -1536,6 +1599,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     dump_field(out, "uuid", it, 4);
   }
   dump_field(out, "handle", this->handle);
+  dump_field(out, "short_uuid", this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothGATTCharacteristic");
@@ -1549,6 +1613,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
+  dump_field(out, "short_uuid", this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTService::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothGATTService");
@@ -1561,6 +1626,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTService::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
+  dump_field(out, "short_uuid", this->short_uuid);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse");
@@ -1594,7 +1660,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "handle", this->handle);
   dump_field(out, "response", this->response);
   out.append("  data: ");
-  out.append(format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->data.data()), this->data.size()));
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data, this->data_len));
   out.append("\n");
 }
 void BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
@@ -1607,7 +1673,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "address", this->address);
   dump_field(out, "handle", this->handle);
   out.append("  data: ");
-  out.append(format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->data.data()), this->data.size()));
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data, this->data_len));
   out.append("\n");
 }
 void BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
@@ -1676,6 +1742,7 @@ void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothScannerStateResponse");
   dump_field(out, "state", static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerState>(this->state));
   dump_field(out, "mode", static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerMode>(this->mode));
+  dump_field(out, "configured_mode", static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerMode>(this->configured_mode));
 }
 void BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest");
@@ -1759,8 +1826,25 @@ void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     dump_field(out, "trained_languages", it, 4);
   }
 }
+void VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord");
+  dump_field(out, "id", this->id);
+  dump_field(out, "wake_word", this->wake_word);
+  for (const auto &it : this->trained_languages) {
+    dump_field(out, "trained_languages", it, 4);
+  }
+  dump_field(out, "model_type", this->model_type);
+  dump_field(out, "model_size", this->model_size);
+  dump_field(out, "model_hash", this->model_hash);
+  dump_field(out, "url", this->url);
+}
 void VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
-  out.append("VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest {}");
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest");
+  for (const auto &it : this->external_wake_words) {
+    out.append("  external_wake_words: ");
+    it.dump_to(out);
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
 }
 void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse");
@@ -2069,6 +2153,21 @@ void UpdateCommandRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 #endif
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+void ZWaveProxyFrame::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ZWaveProxyFrame");
+  out.append("  data: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data, this->data_len));
+  out.append("\n");
+}
+void ZWaveProxyRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ZWaveProxyRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "type", static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  out.append("  data: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data, this->data_len));
+  out.append("\n");
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_includes.h

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 // This file provides includes needed by the generated protobuf code
 // when using pointer optimizations for component-specific types
 
@@ -20,11 +22,13 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select_traits.h"
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-#include "esphome/components/media_player/media_player_traits.h"
-#endif
-
 // Standard library includes that might be needed
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+
+// This file only provides includes, no actual code
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -24,15 +24,17 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_hello_request(msg);
       break;
     }
-    case ConnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
-      ConnectRequest msg;
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+    case AuthenticationRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      AuthenticationRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_connect_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_authentication_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
 #endif
-      this->on_connect_request(msg);
+      this->on_authentication_request(msg);
       break;
     }
+#endif
     case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       DisconnectRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
@@ -160,15 +162,6 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       break;
     }
 #endif
-    case GetTimeRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
-      GetTimeRequest msg;
-      // Empty message: no decode needed
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_get_time_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
-#endif
-      this->on_get_time_request(msg);
-      break;
-    }
     case GetTimeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       GetTimeResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -555,7 +548,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
     case VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest msg;
-      // Empty message: no decode needed
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_configuration_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
 #endif
@@ -595,6 +588,28 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(msg);
       break;
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+    case ZWaveProxyFrame::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      ZWaveProxyFrame msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_z_wave_proxy_frame: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+      this->on_z_wave_proxy_frame(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+    case ZWaveProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      ZWaveProxyRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_z_wave_proxy_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+      this->on_z_wave_proxy_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
 #endif
     default:
       break;
@@ -606,11 +621,13 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_connect_request(const ConnectRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->send_connect_response(msg)) {
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+void APIServerConnection::on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_authenticate_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
+#endif
 void APIServerConnection::on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_disconnect_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
@@ -622,246 +639,139 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_ping_request(const PingRequest &msg) {
   }
 }
 void APIServerConnection::on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_connection_setup_() && !this->send_device_info_response(msg)) {
+  if (!this->send_device_info_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_list_entities_request(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->list_entities(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_list_entities_request(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) { this->list_entities(msg); }
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_states_request(const SubscribeStatesRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_states(msg);
-  }
-}
-void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_logs(msg);
-  }
+  this->subscribe_states(msg);
 }
+void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) { this->subscribe_logs(msg); }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(
     const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_homeassistant_services(msg);
-  }
+  this->subscribe_homeassistant_services(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(msg);
-  }
+  this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(msg);
 }
 #endif
-void APIServerConnection::on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_connection_setup_() && !this->send_get_time_response(msg)) {
-    this->on_fatal_error();
-  }
-}
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
-void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->execute_service(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) { this->execute_service(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 void APIServerConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_() && !this->send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(msg)) {
+  if (!this->send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
-void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->button_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) { this->button_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
-void APIServerConnection::on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->camera_image(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) { this->camera_image(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-void APIServerConnection::on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->climate_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) { this->climate_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
-void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->cover_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) { this->cover_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-void APIServerConnection::on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->date_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) { this->date_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 void APIServerConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->datetime_command(msg);
-  }
+  this->datetime_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
-void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->fan_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) { this->fan_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
-void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->light_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) { this->light_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
-void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->lock_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) { this->lock_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
 void APIServerConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->media_player_command(msg);
-  }
+  this->media_player_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->number_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) { this->number_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->select_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) { this->select_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
-void APIServerConnection::on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->siren_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) { this->siren_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->switch_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) { this->switch_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->text_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) { this->text_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->time_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) { this->time_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
-void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->update_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) { this->update_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
-void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->valve_command(msg);
-  }
-}
+void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) { this->valve_command(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
     const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(msg);
-  }
+  this->subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_device_request(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_device_request(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_get_services(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_get_services(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_read(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_read(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_write(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_write(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_gatt_notify(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_gatt_notify(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(
     const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_() && !this->send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(msg)) {
+  if (!this->send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
@@ -869,45 +779,68 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
     const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(msg);
-  }
+  this->unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(msg);
-  }
+  this->bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(const SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->subscribe_voice_assistant(msg);
-  }
+  this->subscribe_voice_assistant(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 void APIServerConnection::on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_() && !this->send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response(msg)) {
+  if (!this->send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 void APIServerConnection::on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(const VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->voice_assistant_set_configuration(msg);
-  }
+  this->voice_assistant_set_configuration(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 void APIServerConnection::on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (this->check_authenticated_()) {
-    this->alarm_control_panel_command(msg);
-  }
+  this->alarm_control_panel_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) { this->zwave_proxy_frame(msg); }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) { this->zwave_proxy_request(msg); }
+#endif
+
+void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) {
+  // Check authentication/connection requirements for messages
+  switch (msg_type) {
+    case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+    case AuthenticationRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
+#endif
+    case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
+    case PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:        // No setup required
+      break;                               // Skip all checks for these messages
+    case DeviceInfoRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // Connection setup only
+      if (!this->check_connection_setup_()) {
+        return;  // Connection not setup
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      // All other messages require authentication (which includes connection check)
+      if (!this->check_authenticated_()) {
+        return;  // Authentication failed
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Call base implementation to process the message
+  APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(msg_size, msg_type, msg_data);
+}
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   virtual void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
-  virtual void on_connect_request(const ConnectRequest &value){};
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+  virtual void on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &value){};
+#endif
 
   virtual void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &value){};
   virtual void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value){};
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   virtual void on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &value){};
 #endif
-  virtual void on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &value){};
+
   virtual void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
 
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
@@ -205,6 +207,12 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   virtual void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &value){};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &value){};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
  protected:
   void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
@@ -213,7 +221,9 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
  public:
   virtual bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) = 0;
-  virtual bool send_connect_response(const ConnectRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+  virtual bool send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
   virtual bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -226,7 +236,6 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-  virtual bool send_get_time_response(const GetTimeRequest &msg) = 0;
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
@@ -332,10 +341,18 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   virtual void alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  virtual void zwave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  virtual void zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
  protected:
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_connect_request(const ConnectRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
+  void on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
   void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
   void on_ping_request(const PingRequest &msg) override;
   void on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;
@@ -348,7 +365,6 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-  void on_get_time_request(const GetTimeRequest &msg) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
@@ -455,6 +471,13 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   void on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -37,12 +37,14 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
   this->noise_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<SavedNoisePsk>(hash, true);
 
+#ifndef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+  // Only load saved PSK if not set from YAML
   SavedNoisePsk noise_pref_saved{};
   if (this->noise_pref_.load(&noise_pref_saved)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Loaded saved Noise PSK");
-
     this->set_noise_psk(noise_pref_saved.psk);
   }
+#endif
 #endif
 
   // Schedule reboot if no clients connect within timeout
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  err = this->socket_->listen(4);
+  err = this->socket_->listen(this->listen_backlog_);
   if (err != 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to listen: errno %d", errno);
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -138,9 +140,19 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     while (true) {
       struct sockaddr_storage source_addr;
       socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(source_addr);
+
       auto sock = this->socket_->accept_loop_monitored((struct sockaddr *) &source_addr, &addr_len);
       if (!sock)
         break;
+
+      // Check if we're at the connection limit
+      if (this->clients_.size() >= this->max_connections_) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", this->max_connections_, sock->getpeername().c_str());
+        // Immediately close - socket destructor will handle cleanup
+        sock.reset();
+        continue;
+      }
+
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", sock->getpeername().c_str());
 
       auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
@@ -165,7 +177,8 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     // Network is down - disconnect all clients
     for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
       client->on_fatal_error();
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Network down; disconnect", client->get_client_combined_info().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s (%s): Network down; disconnect", client->client_info_.name.c_str(),
+               client->client_info_.peername.c_str());
     }
     // Continue to process and clean up the clients below
   }
@@ -204,8 +217,10 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
 void APIServer::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Server:\n"
-                "  Address: %s:%u",
-                network::get_use_address().c_str(), this->port_);
+                "  Address: %s:%u\n"
+                "  Listen backlog: %u\n"
+                "  Max connections: %u",
+                network::get_use_address().c_str(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()));
   if (!this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()) {
@@ -217,12 +232,12 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-bool APIServer::check_password(const std::string &password) const {
+bool APIServer::check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const {
   // depend only on input password length
   const char *a = this->password_.c_str();
   uint32_t len_a = this->password_.length();
-  const char *b = password.c_str();
-  uint32_t len_b = password.length();
+  const char *b = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(password_data);
+  uint32_t len_b = password_len;
 
   // disable optimization with volatile
   volatile uint32_t length = len_b;
@@ -245,6 +260,7 @@ bool APIServer::check_password(const std::string &password) const {
 
   return result == 0;
 }
+
 #endif
 
 void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
@@ -355,6 +371,15 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg) {
+  // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
+  //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
+  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+    c->send_message(msg, api::ZWaveProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel)
 #endif
@@ -370,9 +395,9 @@ void APIServer::set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = pa
 void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-void APIServer::send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call) {
+void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
   for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    client->send_homeassistant_service_call(call);
+    client->send_homeassistant_action(call);
   }
 }
 #endif
@@ -409,6 +434,12 @@ void APIServer::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeo
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+  // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
+  // but if it is, reject the change
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
+  return false;
+#else
   auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_->get_psk();
   if (std::equal(old_psk.begin(), old_psk.end(), psk.begin())) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "New PSK matches old");
@@ -437,6 +468,7 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
     });
   }
   return true;
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -37,13 +37,15 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void on_shutdown() override;
   bool teardown() override;
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  bool check_password(const std::string &password) const;
+  bool check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const;
   void set_password(const std::string &password);
 #endif
   void set_port(uint16_t port);
   void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
   void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay);
   uint16_t get_batch_delay() const { return batch_delay_; }
+  void set_listen_backlog(uint8_t listen_backlog) { this->listen_backlog_ = listen_backlog; }
+  void set_max_connections(uint8_t max_connections) { this->max_connections_ = max_connections; }
 
   // Get reference to shared buffer for API connections
   std::vector<uint8_t> &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
@@ -107,7 +109,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void on_media_player_update(media_player::MediaPlayer *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call);
+  void send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call);
+
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) { this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor); }
@@ -125,6 +128,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   void on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  void on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg);
+#endif
 
   bool is_connected() const;
 
@@ -185,8 +191,12 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   // Group smaller types together
   uint16_t port_{6053};
   uint16_t batch_delay_{100};
+  // Connection limits - these defaults will be overridden by config values
+  // from cv.SplitDefault in __init__.py which sets platform-specific defaults
+  uint8_t listen_backlog_{4};
+  uint8_t max_connections_{8};
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
-  // 5 bytes used, 3 bytes padding
+  // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> noise_ctx_ = std::make_shared<APINoiseContext>();

esphome/components/api/client.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], address: str) -> None:
+async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
     """Run the logs command in the event loop."""
     conf = config["api"]
     name = config["esphome"]["name"]
@@ -39,13 +39,21 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], address: str) -> None:
     noise_psk: str | None = None
     if (encryption := conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) and (key := encryption.get(CONF_KEY)):
         noise_psk = key
-    _LOGGER.info("Starting log output from %s using esphome API", address)
+
+    if len(addresses) == 1:
+        _LOGGER.info("Starting log output from %s using esphome API", addresses[0])
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Starting log output from %s using esphome API", " or ".join(addresses)
+        )
+
     cli = APIClient(
-        address,
+        addresses[0],  # Primary address for compatibility
         port,
         password,
         client_info=f"ESPHome Logs {__version__}",
         noise_psk=noise_psk,
+        addresses=addresses,  # Pass all addresses for automatic retry
     )
     dashboard = CORE.dashboard
 
@@ -54,9 +62,11 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], address: str) -> None:
         time_ = datetime.now()
         message: bytes = msg.message
         text = message.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
-        for parsed_msg in parse_log_message(
-            text, f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}]"
-        ):
+        nanoseconds = time_.microsecond // 1000
+        timestamp = (
+            f"[{time_.hour:02}:{time_.minute:02}:{time_.second:02}.{nanoseconds:03}]"
+        )
+        for parsed_msg in parse_log_message(text, timestamp):
             print(parsed_msg.replace("\033", "\\033") if dashboard else parsed_msg)
 
     stop = await async_run(cli, on_log, name=name)
@@ -66,7 +76,7 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], address: str) -> None:
         await stop()
 
 
-def run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], address: str) -> None:
+def run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
     """Run the logs command."""
     with contextlib.suppress(KeyboardInterrupt):
-        asyncio.run(async_run_logs(config, address))
+        asyncio.run(async_run_logs(config, addresses))

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T, Ts...>(name, arg_names, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T, typename... Ts>
+  void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
+                        const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
   /** Register a custom native API service that will show up in Home Assistant.
@@ -81,6 +89,12 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -135,6 +149,22 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     auto f = std::bind(callback, (T *) this, entity_id, std::placeholders::_1);
     global_api_server->subscribe_home_assistant_state(entity_id, optional<std::string>(attribute), f);
   }
+#else
+  template<typename T>
+  void subscribe_homeassistant_state(void (T::*callback)(std::string), const std::string &entity_id,
+                                     const std::string &attribute = "") {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "subscribe_homeassistant_state() requires 'homeassistant_states: true' in the 'api:' section "
+                  "of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void subscribe_homeassistant_state(void (T::*callback)(std::string, std::string), const std::string &entity_id,
+                                     const std::string &attribute = "") {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "subscribe_homeassistant_state() requires 'homeassistant_states: true' in the 'api:' section "
+                  "of your YAML configuration");
+  }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
@@ -149,9 +179,9 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param service_name The service to call.
    */
   void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name) {
-    HomeassistantServiceResponse resp;
+    HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_name));
-    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
+    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }
 
   /** Call a Home Assistant service from ESPHome.
@@ -169,7 +199,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param data The data for the service call, mapping from string to string.
    */
   void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
-    HomeassistantServiceResponse resp;
+    HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_name));
     for (auto &it : data) {
       resp.data.emplace_back();
@@ -177,7 +207,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
       kv.set_key(StringRef(it.first));
       kv.value = it.second;
     }
-    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
+    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }
 
   /** Fire an ESPHome event in Home Assistant.
@@ -191,10 +221,10 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param event_name The event to fire.
    */
   void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &event_name) {
-    HomeassistantServiceResponse resp;
+    HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     resp.set_service(StringRef(event_name));
     resp.is_event = true;
-    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
+    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }
 
   /** Fire an ESPHome event in Home Assistant.
@@ -211,7 +241,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param data The data for the event, mapping from string to string.
    */
   void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
-    HomeassistantServiceResponse resp;
+    HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_name));
     resp.is_event = true;
     for (auto &it : data) {
@@ -220,7 +250,29 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
       kv.set_key(StringRef(it.first));
       kv.value = it.second;
     }
-    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
+    global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
+  }
+#else
+  template<typename T = void> void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "call_homeassistant_service() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void>
+  void call_homeassistant_service(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "call_homeassistant_service() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void> void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &event_name) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "fire_homeassistant_event() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
+  }
+
+  template<typename T = void>
+  void fire_homeassistant_event(const std::string &service_name, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &data) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "fire_homeassistant_event() requires 'homeassistant_services: true' in the 'api:' "
+                                  "section of your YAML configuration");
   }
 #endif
 };

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 #include "api_server.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
+#include <vector>
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   }
 
   void play(Ts... x) override {
-    HomeassistantServiceResponse resp;
+    HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     std::string service_value = this->service_.value(x...);
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_value));
     resp.is_event = this->is_event_;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
       kv.set_key(StringRef(it.key));
       kv.value = it.value.value(x...);
     }
-    this->parent_->send_homeassistant_service_call(resp);
+    this->parent_->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/api/proto.cpp

@@ -8,74 +8,70 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 static const char *const TAG = "api.proto";
 
 void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
-  uint32_t i = 0;
-  bool error = false;
-  while (i < length) {
+  const uint8_t *ptr = buffer;
+  const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
+
+  while (ptr < end) {
     uint32_t consumed;
-    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse(&buffer[i], length - i, &consumed);
+
+    // Parse field header
+    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
     if (!res.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid field start at %" PRIu32, i);
-      break;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid field start at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
+      return;
     }
 
-    uint32_t field_type = (res->as_uint32()) & 0b111;
-    uint32_t field_id = (res->as_uint32()) >> 3;
-    i += consumed;
+    uint32_t tag = res->as_uint32();
+    uint32_t field_type = tag & 0b111;
+    uint32_t field_id = tag >> 3;
+    ptr += consumed;
 
     switch (field_type) {
       case 0: {  // VarInt
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(&buffer[i], length - i, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid VarInt at %" PRIu32, i);
-          error = true;
-          break;
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid VarInt at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
+          return;
         }
         if (!this->decode_varint(field_id, *res)) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot decode VarInt field %" PRIu32 " with value %" PRIu32 "!", field_id, res->as_uint32());
         }
-        i += consumed;
+        ptr += consumed;
         break;
       }
       case 2: {  // Length-delimited
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(&buffer[i], length - i, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid Length Delimited at %" PRIu32, i);
-          error = true;
-          break;
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid Length Delimited at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
+          return;
         }
         uint32_t field_length = res->as_uint32();
-        i += consumed;
-        if (field_length > length - i) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Length Delimited at %" PRIu32, i);
-          error = true;
-          break;
+        ptr += consumed;
+        if (ptr + field_length > end) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Length Delimited at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
+          return;
         }
-        if (!this->decode_length(field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited(&buffer[i], field_length))) {
+        if (!this->decode_length(field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited(ptr, field_length))) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot decode Length Delimited field %" PRIu32 "!", field_id);
         }
-        i += field_length;
+        ptr += field_length;
         break;
       }
       case 5: {  // 32-bit
-        if (length - i < 4) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Fixed32-bit at %" PRIu32, i);
-          error = true;
-          break;
+        if (ptr + 4 > end) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Fixed32-bit at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
+          return;
         }
-        uint32_t val = encode_uint32(buffer[i + 3], buffer[i + 2], buffer[i + 1], buffer[i]);
+        uint32_t val = encode_uint32(ptr[3], ptr[2], ptr[1], ptr[0]);
         if (!this->decode_32bit(field_id, Proto32Bit(val))) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot decode 32-bit field %" PRIu32 " with value %" PRIu32 "!", field_id, val);
         }
-        i += 4;
+        ptr += 4;
         break;
       }
       default:
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid field type at %" PRIu32, i);
-        error = true;
-        break;
-    }
-    if (error) {
-      break;
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid field type %u at offset %ld", field_type, (long) (ptr - buffer));
+        return;
     }
   }
 }

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -15,6 +15,23 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+// Helper functions for ZigZag encoding/decoding
+inline constexpr uint32_t encode_zigzag32(int32_t value) {
+  return (static_cast<uint32_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint32_t>(value >> 31));
+}
+
+inline constexpr uint64_t encode_zigzag64(int64_t value) {
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint64_t>(value >> 63));
+}
+
+inline constexpr int32_t decode_zigzag32(uint32_t value) {
+  return (value & 1) ? static_cast<int32_t>(~(value >> 1)) : static_cast<int32_t>(value >> 1);
+}
+
+inline constexpr int64_t decode_zigzag64(uint64_t value) {
+  return (value & 1) ? static_cast<int64_t>(~(value >> 1)) : static_cast<int64_t>(value >> 1);
+}
+
 /*
  * StringRef Ownership Model for API Protocol Messages
  * ===================================================
@@ -87,33 +104,25 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
     return {};  // Incomplete or invalid varint
   }
 
-  uint16_t as_uint16() const { return this->value_; }
-  uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
-  uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
-  bool as_bool() const { return this->value_; }
-  int32_t as_int32() const {
+  constexpr uint16_t as_uint16() const { return this->value_; }
+  constexpr uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
+  constexpr uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
+  constexpr bool as_bool() const { return this->value_; }
+  constexpr int32_t as_int32() const {
     // Not ZigZag encoded
     return static_cast<int32_t>(this->as_int64());
   }
-  int64_t as_int64() const {
+  constexpr int64_t as_int64() const {
     // Not ZigZag encoded
     return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_);
   }
-  int32_t as_sint32() const {
+  constexpr int32_t as_sint32() const {
     // with ZigZag encoding
-    if (this->value_ & 1) {
-      return static_cast<int32_t>(~(this->value_ >> 1));
-    } else {
-      return static_cast<int32_t>(this->value_ >> 1);
-    }
+    return decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(this->value_));
   }
-  int64_t as_sint64() const {
+  constexpr int64_t as_sint64() const {
     // with ZigZag encoding
-    if (this->value_ & 1) {
-      return static_cast<int64_t>(~(this->value_ >> 1));
-    } else {
-      return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_ >> 1);
-    }
+    return decode_zigzag64(this->value_);
   }
   /**
    * Encode the varint value to a pre-allocated buffer without bounds checking.
@@ -173,6 +182,10 @@ class ProtoLengthDelimited {
   explicit ProtoLengthDelimited(const uint8_t *value, size_t length) : value_(value), length_(length) {}
   std::string as_string() const { return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this->value_), this->length_); }
 
+  // Direct access to raw data without string allocation
+  const uint8_t *data() const { return this->value_; }
+  size_t size() const { return this->length_; }
+
   /**
    * Decode the length-delimited data into an existing ProtoDecodableMessage instance.
    *
@@ -309,22 +322,10 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     this->encode_uint64(field_id, static_cast<uint64_t>(value), force);
   }
   void encode_sint32(uint32_t field_id, int32_t value, bool force = false) {
-    uint32_t uvalue;
-    if (value < 0) {
-      uvalue = ~(value << 1);
-    } else {
-      uvalue = value << 1;
-    }
-    this->encode_uint32(field_id, uvalue, force);
+    this->encode_uint32(field_id, encode_zigzag32(value), force);
   }
   void encode_sint64(uint32_t field_id, int64_t value, bool force = false) {
-    uint64_t uvalue;
-    if (value < 0) {
-      uvalue = ~(value << 1);
-    } else {
-      uvalue = value << 1;
-    }
-    this->encode_uint64(field_id, uvalue, force);
+    this->encode_uint64(field_id, encode_zigzag64(value), force);
   }
   void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value, bool force = false);
   std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The uint32_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static inline uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
+  static constexpr uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
     // Optimized varint size calculation using leading zeros
     // Each 7 bits requires one byte in the varint encoding
     if (value < 128)
@@ -419,7 +420,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The uint64_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static inline uint32_t varint(uint64_t value) {
+  static constexpr uint32_t varint(uint64_t value) {
     // Handle common case of values fitting in uint32_t (vast majority of use cases)
     if (value <= UINT32_MAX) {
       return varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The int32_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static inline uint32_t varint(int32_t value) {
+  static constexpr uint32_t varint(int32_t value) {
     // Negative values are sign-extended to 64 bits in protocol buffers,
     // which always results in a 10-byte varint for negative int32
     if (value < 0) {
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The int64_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static inline uint32_t varint(int64_t value) {
+  static constexpr uint32_t varint(int64_t value) {
     // For int64_t, we convert to uint64_t and calculate the size
     // This works because the bit pattern determines the encoding size,
     // and we've handled negative int32 values as a special case above
@@ -480,7 +481,7 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param type The wire type value (from the WireType enum in the protobuf spec)
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the field ID and wire type
    */
-  static inline uint32_t field(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
+  static constexpr uint32_t field(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
     uint32_t tag = (field_id << 3) | (type & 0b111);
     return varint(tag);
   }
@@ -607,9 +608,8 @@ class ProtoSize {
    */
   inline void add_sint32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
     // Always calculate size when force is true
-    // ZigZag encoding for sint32: (n << 1) ^ (n >> 31)
-    uint32_t zigzag = (static_cast<uint32_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint32_t>(value >> 31));
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(zigzag);
+    // ZigZag encoding for sint32
+    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag32(value));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ class ProtoService {
   }
 
   // Authentication helper methods
-  bool check_connection_setup_() {
+  inline bool check_connection_setup_() {
     if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
       this->on_no_setup_connection();
       return false;
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ class ProtoService {
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool check_authenticated_() {
+  inline bool check_authenticated_() {
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
     if (!this->check_connection_setup_()) {
       return false;

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<int... S> void execute_(std::vector<ExecuteServiceArgument> args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<int... S> void execute_(const std::vector<ExecuteServiceArgument> &args, seq<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 

esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DIRECTION,
     CONF_HYSTERESIS,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_POWER_MODE,
     CONF_RANGE,
 )
 
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ FAST_FILTER = {
 CONF_RAW_ANGLE = "raw_angle"
 CONF_RAW_POSITION = "raw_position"
 CONF_WATCHDOG = "watchdog"
-CONF_POWER_MODE = "power_mode"
 CONF_SLOW_FILTER = "slow_filter"
 CONF_FAST_FILTER = "fast_filter"
 CONF_START_POSITION = "start_position"

esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ AS5600Sensor = as5600_ns.class_("AS5600Sensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingCompone
 CONF_RAW_ANGLE = "raw_angle"
 CONF_RAW_POSITION = "raw_position"
 CONF_WATCHDOG = "watchdog"
-CONF_POWER_MODE = "power_mode"
 CONF_SLOW_FILTER = "slow_filter"
 CONF_FAST_FILTER = "fast_filter"
 CONF_PWM_FREQUENCY = "pwm_frequency"

esphome/components/as7341/sensor.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CLEAR,
     CONF_GAIN,
     CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ CONF_F5 = "f5"
 CONF_F6 = "f6"
 CONF_F7 = "f7"
 CONF_F8 = "f8"
-CONF_CLEAR = "clear"
 CONF_NIR = "nir"
 
 UNIT_COUNTS = "#"

esphome/components/async_tcp/__init__.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema({}),
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(200.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.NETWORK_TRANSPORT)
 async def to_code(config):
     if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny:
         # https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP

esphome/components/atm90e26/sensor.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
     ICON_CURRENT_AC,
     ICON_LIGHTBULB,
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
                 icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
                 accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_FACTOR): sensor.sensor_schema(

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ void ATM90E32Component::update() {
 
 void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   this->spi_setup();
+  this->cs_summary_ = this->cs_->dump_summary();
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
 
   uint16_t mmode0 = 0x87;  // 3P4W 50Hz
   uint16_t high_thresh = 0;
@@ -130,9 +132,9 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
     mmode0 |= 0 << 1;  // sets 1st bit to 0, phase b is not counted into the all-phase sum energy/power (P/Q/S)
   }
 
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SOFTRESET, 0x789A);    // Perform soft reset
-  delay(6);                                               // Wait for the minimum 5ms + 1ms
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);  // enable register config access
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SOFTRESET, 0x789A, false);  // Perform soft reset
+  delay(6);                                                    // Wait for the minimum 5ms + 1ms
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);       // enable register config access
   if (!this->validate_spi_read_(0x55AA, "setup()")) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not initialize ATM90E32 IC, check SPI settings");
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -156,16 +158,17 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
 
   if (this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
     // Initialize flash storage for offset calibrations
-    uint32_t o_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    uint32_t o_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_summary_);
     this->offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<OffsetCalibration[3]>(o_hash, true);
     this->restore_offset_calibrations_();
 
     // Initialize flash storage for power offset calibrations
-    uint32_t po_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_power_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    uint32_t po_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_power_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_summary_);
     this->power_offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<PowerOffsetCalibration[3]>(po_hash, true);
     this->restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power & Voltage/Current offset calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Power & Voltage/Current offset calibration is disabled. Using config file values.",
+             cs);
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
       this->write16_(this->voltage_offset_registers[phase],
                      static_cast<uint16_t>(this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_));
@@ -180,21 +183,18 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
 
   if (this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
     // Initialize flash storage for gain calibration
-    uint32_t g_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_gain_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    uint32_t g_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_gain_calibration_") + this->cs_summary_);
     this->gain_calibration_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<GainCalibration[3]>(g_hash, true);
     this->restore_gain_calibrations_();
 
-    if (this->using_saved_calibrations_) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored gain calibration from memory.");
-    } else {
+    if (!this->using_saved_calibrations_) {
       for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
         this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
         this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
       }
     }
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
-
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain calibration is disabled. Using config file values.", cs);
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
       this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
       this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
@@ -213,6 +213,122 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);  // end configuration
 }
 
+void ATM90E32Component::log_calibration_status_() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+
+  bool offset_mismatch = false;
+  bool power_mismatch = false;
+  bool gain_mismatch = false;
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+    offset_mismatch |= this->offset_calibration_mismatch_[phase];
+    power_mismatch |= this->power_offset_calibration_mismatch_[phase];
+    gain_mismatch |= this->gain_calibration_mismatch_[phase];
+  }
+
+  if (offset_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ===================== Offset mismatch: using flash values =====================", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase |   offset_voltage   |   offset_current   |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |       |  config  |  flash  |  config  |  flash  |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |  %6d  | %6d  |  %6d  | %6d  |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->config_offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_,
+               this->config_offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_, this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ===============================================================================", cs);
+  }
+  if (power_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ================= Power offset mismatch: using flash values =================", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_active_power|offset_reactive_power|", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |       |  config  |  flash  |  config  |  flash  |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |  %6d  | %6d  |  %6d  | %6d  |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset,
+               this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ===============================================================================", cs);
+  }
+  if (gain_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ====================== Gain mismatch: using flash values =====================", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase |    voltage_gain    |    current_gain    |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |       |  config  |  flash  |  config  |  flash  |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------",
+             cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |  %6u  | %6u  |  %6u  | %6u  |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->config_gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain,
+               this->config_gain_phase_[phase].current_gain, this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] ===============================================================================", cs);
+  }
+  if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Power & Voltage/Current offset calibration is disabled. Using config file values.",
+             cs);
+  } else if (this->restored_offset_calibration_ && !offset_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ============== Restored offset calibration from memory ==============", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_voltage | offset_current |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |     %6d      |     %6d      |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==============================================================\\n", cs);
+  }
+
+  if (this->restored_power_offset_calibration_ && !power_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ============ Restored power offset calibration from memory ============", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_active_power | offset_reactive_power |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |       %6d        |        %6d        |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\n", cs);
+  }
+  if (!this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain calibration is disabled. Using config file values.", cs);
+  } else if (this->restored_gain_calibration_ && !gain_mismatch) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ============ Restoring saved gain calibrations to registers ============", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | voltage_gain | current_gain |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |    %6u    |    %6u    |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\\n", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain calibration loaded and verified successfully.\n", cs);
+  }
+  this->calibration_message_printed_ = true;
+}
+
 void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG("", "ATM90E32:");
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
@@ -255,6 +371,10 @@ void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current C", this->phase_[PHASEC].peak_current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Frequency", this->freq_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Chip Temp", this->chip_temperature_sensor_);
+  if (this->restored_offset_calibration_ || this->restored_power_offset_calibration_ ||
+      this->restored_gain_calibration_ || !this->enable_offset_calibration_ || !this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    this->log_calibration_status_();
+  }
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
@@ -263,19 +383,17 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO;
 // Peakdetect period: 05H. Bit 15:8 are PeakDet_period in ms. 7:0 are Sag_period
 // Default is 143FH (20ms, 63ms)
 uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
+  this->enable();
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1us is plenty
   uint8_t addrh = (1 << 7) | ((a_register >> 8) & 0x03);
   uint8_t addrl = (a_register & 0xFF);
-  uint8_t data[2];
-  uint16_t output;
-  this->enable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1ms is plenty
-  this->write_byte(addrh);
-  this->write_byte(addrl);
-  this->read_array(data, 2);
-  this->disable();
-
-  output = (uint16_t(data[0] & 0xFF) << 8) | (data[1] & 0xFF);
+  uint8_t data[4] = {addrh, addrl, 0x00, 0x00};
+  this->transfer_array(data, 4);
+  uint16_t output = encode_uint16(data[2], data[3]);
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "read16_ 0x%04" PRIX16 " output 0x%04" PRIX16, a_register, output);
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // allow the last clock to propagate before releasing CS
+  this->disable();
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // meet minimum CS high time before next transaction
   return output;
 }
 
@@ -292,13 +410,19 @@ int ATM90E32Component::read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l) {
   return val;
 }
 
-void ATM90E32Component::write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val) {
+void ATM90E32Component::write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val, bool validate) {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "write16_ 0x%04" PRIX16 " val 0x%04" PRIX16, a_register, val);
+  uint8_t addrh = ((a_register >> 8) & 0x03);
+  uint8_t addrl = (a_register & 0xFF);
+  uint8_t data[4] = {addrh, addrl, uint8_t((val >> 8) & 0xFF), uint8_t(val & 0xFF)};
   this->enable();
-  this->write_byte16(a_register);
-  this->write_byte16(val);
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // ensure CS setup time
+  this->write_array(data, 4);
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // allow clock to settle before raising CS
   this->disable();
-  this->validate_spi_read_(val, "write16()");
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // ensure minimum CS high time
+  if (validate)
+    this->validate_spi_read_(val, "write16()");
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].voltage_; }
@@ -441,8 +565,10 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_chip_temperature_() {
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
   if (!this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_gain_calibration: true");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_gain_calibration: true",
+             cs);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -454,12 +580,14 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
   float ref_currents[3] = {this->get_reference_current(0), this->get_reference_current(1),
                            this->get_reference_current(2)};
 
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ========================= Gain Calibration  =========================");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
-           "[CALIBRATION] | Phase | V_meas (V) | I_meas (A) | V_ref | I_ref  | V_gain (old→new) | I_gain (old→new) |");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ========================= Gain Calibration  =========================", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(
+      TAG,
+      "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | V_meas (V) | I_meas (A) | V_ref | I_ref  | V_gain (old→new) | I_gain (old→new) |",
+      cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
 
   for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
     float measured_voltage = this->get_phase_voltage_avg_(phase);
@@ -476,22 +604,22 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
 
     // Voltage calibration
     if (ref_voltage <= 0.0f) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: reference voltage is 0.",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: reference voltage is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else if (measured_voltage == 0.0f) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: measured voltage is 0.",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: measured voltage is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else {
       uint32_t new_voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_voltage / measured_voltage) * current_voltage_gain);
       if (new_voltage_gain == 0) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain would be 0. Check reference and measured voltage.",
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Voltage gain would be 0. Check reference and measured voltage.", cs,
                  phase_labels[phase]);
       } else {
         if (new_voltage_gain >= 65535) {
-          ESP_LOGW(
-              TAG,
-              "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain exceeds 65535. You may need a higher output voltage transformer.",
-              phase_labels[phase]);
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+                   "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Voltage gain exceeds 65535. You may need a higher output voltage "
+                   "transformer.",
+                   cs, phase_labels[phase]);
           new_voltage_gain = 65535;
         }
         this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_voltage_gain);
@@ -501,20 +629,20 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
 
     // Current calibration
     if (ref_current == 0.0f) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: reference current is 0.",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: reference current is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else if (measured_current == 0.0f) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: measured current is 0.",
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: measured current is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else {
       uint32_t new_current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_current / measured_current) * current_current_gain);
       if (new_current_gain == 0) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain would be 0. Check reference and measured current.",
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Current gain would be 0. Check reference and measured current.", cs,
                  phase_labels[phase]);
       } else {
         if (new_current_gain >= 65535) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain exceeds 65535. You may need to turn up pga gain.",
-                   phase_labels[phase]);
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Current gain exceeds 65535. You may need to turn up pga gain.",
+                   cs, phase_labels[phase]);
           new_current_gain = 65535;
         }
         this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_current_gain);
@@ -523,13 +651,13 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
     }
 
     // Final row output
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] |   %c   |  %9.2f |  %9.4f | %5.2f | %6.4f |  %5u → %-5u  |  %5u → %-5u  |",
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |  %9.2f |  %9.4f | %5.2f | %6.4f |  %5u → %-5u  |  %5u → %-5u  |", cs,
              'A' + phase, measured_voltage, measured_current, ref_voltage, ref_current, current_voltage_gain,
              did_voltage ? this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain : current_voltage_gain, current_current_gain,
              did_current ? this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain : current_current_gain);
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] =====================================================================\n");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\n", cs);
 
   this->save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
   this->write_gains_to_registers_();
@@ -537,54 +665,108 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::save_gain_calibration_to_memory_() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
   bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
+  global_preferences->sync();
   if (success) {
     this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration saved to memory.");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain calibration saved to memory.", cs);
   } else {
     this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to save gain calibration to memory!");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Failed to save gain calibration to memory!", cs);
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::save_offset_calibration_to_memory_() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  bool success = this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);
+  global_preferences->sync();
+  if (success) {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+    this->restored_offset_calibration_ = true;
+    for (bool &phase : this->offset_calibration_mismatch_)
+      phase = false;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Offset calibration saved to memory.", cs);
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Failed to save offset calibration to memory!", cs);
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::save_power_offset_calibration_to_memory_() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  bool success = this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);
+  global_preferences->sync();
+  if (success) {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+    this->restored_power_offset_calibration_ = true;
+    for (bool &phase : this->power_offset_calibration_mismatch_)
+      phase = false;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Power offset calibration saved to memory.", cs);
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Failed to save power offset calibration to memory!", cs);
   }
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::run_offset_calibrations() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
   if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offset calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+             "[CALIBRATION][%s] Offset calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true",
+             cs);
     return;
   }
 
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ======================== Offset Calibration ========================", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_voltage | offset_current |", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+
   for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
     int16_t voltage_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, true);
     int16_t current_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, false);
 
     this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, voltage_offset, current_offset);
 
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase, voltage_offset,
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |     %6d      |     %6d      |", cs, 'A' + phase, voltage_offset,
              current_offset);
   }
 
-  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==================================================================\n", cs);
+
+  this->save_offset_calibration_to_memory_();
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::run_power_offset_calibrations() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
   if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
     ESP_LOGW(
         TAG,
-        "[CALIBRATION] Offset power calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+        "[CALIBRATION][%s] Offset power calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true",
+        cs);
     return;
   }
 
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ===================== Power Offset Calibration =====================", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_active_power | offset_reactive_power |", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+
   for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
     int16_t active_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, false);
     int16_t reactive_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, true);
 
     this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, active_offset, reactive_offset);
 
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
-             active_offset, reactive_offset);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |       %6d        |        %6d        |", cs, 'A' + phase, active_offset,
+             reactive_offset);
   }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\n", cs);
 
-  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+  this->save_power_offset_calibration_to_memory_();
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::write_gains_to_registers_() {
@@ -631,102 +813,276 @@ void ATM90E32Component::write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::restore_gain_calibrations_() {
-  if (this->gain_calibration_pref_.load(&this->gain_phase_)) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Restoring saved gain calibrations to registers:");
-
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      uint16_t v_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain;
-      uint16_t i_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain;
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase, v_gain, i_gain);
-    }
-
-    this->write_gains_to_registers_();
-
-    if (this->verify_gain_writes_()) {
-      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration loaded and verified successfully.");
-    } else {
-      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain verification failed! Calibration may not be applied correctly.");
-    }
-  } else {
-    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored gain calibrations found. Using config file values.");
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    this->config_gain_phase_[i].voltage_gain = this->phase_[i].voltage_gain_;
+    this->config_gain_phase_[i].current_gain = this->phase_[i].ct_gain_;
+    this->gain_phase_[i] = this->config_gain_phase_[i];
   }
+
+  if (this->gain_calibration_pref_.load(&this->gain_phase_)) {
+    bool all_zero = true;
+    bool same_as_config = true;
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      const auto &cfg = this->config_gain_phase_[phase];
+      const auto &saved = this->gain_phase_[phase];
+      if (saved.voltage_gain != 0 || saved.current_gain != 0)
+        all_zero = false;
+      if (saved.voltage_gain != cfg.voltage_gain || saved.current_gain != cfg.current_gain)
+        same_as_config = false;
+    }
+
+    if (!all_zero && !same_as_config) {
+      for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+        bool mismatch = false;
+        if (this->has_config_voltage_gain_[phase] &&
+            this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain != this->config_gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain)
+          mismatch = true;
+        if (this->has_config_current_gain_[phase] &&
+            this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain != this->config_gain_phase_[phase].current_gain)
+          mismatch = true;
+        if (mismatch)
+          this->gain_calibration_mismatch_[phase] = true;
+      }
+
+      this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+
+      if (this->verify_gain_writes_()) {
+        this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+        this->restored_gain_calibration_ = true;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Gain verification failed! Calibration may not be applied correctly.", cs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    this->gain_phase_[i] = this->config_gain_phase_[i];
+  this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored gain calibrations found. Using config file values.", cs);
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::restore_offset_calibrations_() {
-  if (this->offset_pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_)) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored offset calibration from memory.");
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    this->config_offset_phase_[i] = this->offset_phase_[i];
 
+  bool have_data = this->offset_pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_);
+  bool all_zero = true;
+  if (have_data) {
+    for (auto &phase : this->offset_phase_) {
+      if (phase.voltage_offset_ != 0 || phase.current_offset_ != 0) {
+        all_zero = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (have_data && !all_zero) {
+    this->restored_offset_calibration_ = true;
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
       auto &offset = this->offset_phase_[phase];
-      write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage:: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase,
-               offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
+      bool mismatch = false;
+      if (this->has_config_voltage_offset_[phase] &&
+          offset.voltage_offset_ != this->config_offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_)
+        mismatch = true;
+      if (this->has_config_current_offset_[phase] &&
+          offset.current_offset_ != this->config_offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_)
+        mismatch = true;
+      if (mismatch)
+        this->offset_calibration_mismatch_[phase] = true;
     }
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored offset calibrations found. Using default values.");
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++)
+      this->offset_phase_[phase] = this->config_offset_phase_[phase];
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored offset calibrations found. Using default values.", cs);
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_,
+                                this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_);
   }
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::restore_power_offset_calibrations_() {
-  if (this->power_offset_pref_.load(&this->power_offset_phase_)) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored power offset calibration from memory.");
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    this->config_power_offset_phase_[i] = this->power_offset_phase_[i];
 
+  bool have_data = this->power_offset_pref_.load(&this->power_offset_phase_);
+  bool all_zero = true;
+  if (have_data) {
+    for (auto &phase : this->power_offset_phase_) {
+      if (phase.active_power_offset != 0 || phase.reactive_power_offset != 0) {
+        all_zero = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (have_data && !all_zero) {
+    this->restored_power_offset_calibration_ = true;
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
       auto &offset = this->power_offset_phase_[phase];
-      write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
-               offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
+      bool mismatch = false;
+      if (this->has_config_active_power_offset_[phase] &&
+          offset.active_power_offset != this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset)
+        mismatch = true;
+      if (this->has_config_reactive_power_offset_[phase] &&
+          offset.reactive_power_offset != this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset)
+        mismatch = true;
+      if (mismatch)
+        this->power_offset_calibration_mismatch_[phase] = true;
     }
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored power offsets found. Using default values.");
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase)
+      this->power_offset_phase_[phase] = this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase];
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored power offsets found. Using default values.", cs);
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+    write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset,
+                                      this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset);
   }
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::clear_gain_calibrations() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Clearing stored gain calibrations and restoring config-defined values");
-
-  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-    gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_;
-    gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_;
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  if (!this->using_saved_calibrations_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored gain calibrations to clear. Current values:", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ----------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | voltage_gain | current_gain |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ----------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |    %6u    |    %6u    |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==========================================================\n", cs);
+    return;
   }
 
-  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
-  this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Clearing stored gain calibrations and restoring config-defined values", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ----------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | voltage_gain | current_gain |", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ----------------------------------------------------------", cs);
 
-  if (success) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibrations cleared. Config values restored:");
-    for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase,
-               gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
-    }
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to clear gain calibrations!");
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    uint16_t voltage_gain = this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_;
+    uint16_t current_gain = this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_;
+
+    this->config_gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = voltage_gain;
+    this->config_gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = current_gain;
+    this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = voltage_gain;
+    this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = current_gain;
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |    %6u    |    %6u    |", cs, 'A' + phase, voltage_gain, current_gain);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==========================================================\n", cs);
+
+  GainCalibration zero_gains[3]{{0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}};
+  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&zero_gains);
+  global_preferences->sync();
+
+  this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+  this->restored_gain_calibration_ = false;
+  for (bool &phase : this->gain_calibration_mismatch_)
+    phase = false;
+
+  if (!success) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Failed to clear gain calibrations!", cs);
   }
 
   this->write_gains_to_registers_();  // Apply them to the chip immediately
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::clear_offset_calibrations() {
-  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  if (!this->restored_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored offset calibrations to clear. Current values:", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_voltage | offset_current |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |     %6d      |     %6d      |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==============================================================\n", cs);
+    return;
   }
 
-  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save cleared values to flash memory
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Clearing stored offset calibrations and restoring config-defined values", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_voltage | offset_current |", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] --------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
 
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offsets cleared.");
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    int16_t voltage_offset =
+        this->has_config_voltage_offset_[phase] ? this->config_offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ : 0;
+    int16_t current_offset =
+        this->has_config_current_offset_[phase] ? this->config_offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ : 0;
+    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, voltage_offset, current_offset);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |     %6d      |     %6d      |", cs, 'A' + phase, voltage_offset,
+             current_offset);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ==============================================================\n", cs);
+
+  OffsetCalibration zero_offsets[3]{{0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}};
+  this->offset_pref_.save(&zero_offsets);  // Clear stored values in flash
+  global_preferences->sync();
+
+  this->restored_offset_calibration_ = false;
+  for (bool &phase : this->offset_calibration_mismatch_)
+    phase = false;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Offsets cleared.", cs);
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::clear_power_offset_calibrations() {
-  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
+  if (!this->restored_power_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] No stored power offsets to clear. Current values:", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_active_power | offset_reactive_power |", cs);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |       %6d        |        %6d        |", cs, 'A' + phase,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset,
+               this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset);
+    }
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\n", cs);
+    return;
   }
 
-  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Clearing stored power offsets and restoring config-defined values", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] | Phase | offset_active_power | offset_reactive_power |", cs);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] ---------------------------------------------------------------------", cs);
 
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power offsets cleared.");
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    int16_t active_offset =
+        this->has_config_active_power_offset_[phase] ? this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset : 0;
+    int16_t reactive_offset = this->has_config_reactive_power_offset_[phase]
+                                  ? this->config_power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset
+                                  : 0;
+    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, active_offset, reactive_offset);
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] |   %c   |       %6d        |        %6d        |", cs, 'A' + phase, active_offset,
+             reactive_offset);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] =====================================================================\n", cs);
+
+  PowerOffsetCalibration zero_power_offsets[3]{{0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}};
+  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&zero_power_offsets);
+  global_preferences->sync();
+
+  this->restored_power_offset_calibration_ = false;
+  for (bool &phase : this->power_offset_calibration_mismatch_)
+    phase = false;
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Power offsets cleared.", cs);
 }
 
 int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage) {
@@ -747,20 +1103,21 @@ int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage) {
 
 int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive) {
   const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
-  uint64_t total_value = 0;
+  int64_t total_value = 0;
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
-    uint32_t reading = reactive ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANLSB + phase)
-                                : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANLSB + phase);
+    int32_t reading = reactive ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANLSB + phase)
+                               : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANLSB + phase);
     total_value += reading;
   }
 
-  const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
-  const uint32_t power_offset = ~average_value + 1;
+  int32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
+  int32_t power_offset = -average_value;
   return static_cast<int16_t>(power_offset);  // Takes the lower 16 bits
 }
 
 bool ATM90E32Component::verify_gain_writes_() {
+  const char *cs = this->cs_summary_.c_str();
   bool success = true;
   for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
     uint16_t read_voltage = this->read16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase]);
@@ -768,7 +1125,7 @@ bool ATM90E32Component::verify_gain_writes_() {
 
     if (read_voltage != this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain ||
         read_current != this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Mismatch detected for Phase %s!", phase_labels[phase]);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Mismatch detected for Phase %s!", cs, phase_labels[phase]);
       success = false;
     }
   }
@@ -791,16 +1148,16 @@ void ATM90E32Component::check_phase_status() {
       status += "Phase Loss; ";
 
     auto *sensor = this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase];
-    const char *phase_name = sensor ? sensor->get_name().c_str() : "Unknown Phase";
+    if (sensor == nullptr)
+      continue;
+
     if (!status.empty()) {
       status.pop_back();  // remove space
       status.pop_back();  // remove semicolon
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: %s", phase_name, status.c_str());
-      if (sensor != nullptr)
-        sensor->publish_state(status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: %s", sensor->get_name().c_str(), status.c_str());
+      sensor->publish_state(status);
     } else {
-      if (sensor != nullptr)
-        sensor->publish_state("Okay");
+      sensor->publish_state("Okay");
     }
   }
 }
@@ -817,9 +1174,12 @@ void ATM90E32Component::check_freq_status() {
   } else {
     freq_status = "Normal";
   }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Frequency status: %s", freq_status.c_str());
-
   if (this->freq_status_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (freq_status == "Normal") {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Frequency status: %s", freq_status.c_str());
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Frequency status: %s", freq_status.c_str());
+    }
     this->freq_status_text_sensor_->publish_state(freq_status);
   }
 }

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h

@@ -61,15 +61,29 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
     this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ = obj;
   }
   void set_peak_current_sensor(int phase, sensor::Sensor *obj) { this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ = obj; }
-  void set_volt_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_ = gain; }
-  void set_ct_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ = gain; }
-  void set_voltage_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = offset; }
-  void set_current_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = offset; }
+  void set_volt_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) {
+    this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_ = gain;
+    this->has_config_voltage_gain_[phase] = true;
+  }
+  void set_ct_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) {
+    this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ = gain;
+    this->has_config_current_gain_[phase] = true;
+  }
+  void set_voltage_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = offset;
+    this->has_config_voltage_offset_[phase] = true;
+  }
+  void set_current_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = offset;
+    this->has_config_current_offset_[phase] = true;
+  }
   void set_active_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
     this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset = offset;
+    this->has_config_active_power_offset_[phase] = true;
   }
   void set_reactive_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
     this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset = offset;
+    this->has_config_reactive_power_offset_[phase] = true;
   }
   void set_freq_sensor(sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor) { freq_sensor_ = freq_sensor; }
   void set_peak_current_signed(bool flag) { peak_current_signed_ = flag; }
@@ -127,7 +141,7 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
 #endif
   uint16_t read16_(uint16_t a_register);
   int read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l);
-  void write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val);
+  void write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val, bool validate = true);
   float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);
   float get_local_phase_current_(uint8_t phase);
   float get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
@@ -159,12 +173,15 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   void restore_offset_calibrations_();
   void restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
   void restore_gain_calibrations_();
+  void save_offset_calibration_to_memory_();
   void save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
+  void save_power_offset_calibration_to_memory_();
   void write_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t voltage_offset, int16_t current_offset);
   void write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t p_offset, int16_t q_offset);
   void write_gains_to_registers_();
   bool verify_gain_writes_();
   bool validate_spi_read_(uint16_t expected, const char *context = nullptr);
+  void log_calibration_status_();
 
   struct ATM90E32Phase {
     uint16_t voltage_gain_{0};
@@ -204,19 +221,33 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
     int16_t current_offset_{0};
   } offset_phase_[3];
 
+  OffsetCalibration config_offset_phase_[3];
+
   struct PowerOffsetCalibration {
     int16_t active_power_offset{0};
     int16_t reactive_power_offset{0};
   } power_offset_phase_[3];
 
+  PowerOffsetCalibration config_power_offset_phase_[3];
+
   struct GainCalibration {
     uint16_t voltage_gain{1};
     uint16_t current_gain{1};
   } gain_phase_[3];
 
+  GainCalibration config_gain_phase_[3];
+
+  bool has_config_voltage_offset_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool has_config_current_offset_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool has_config_active_power_offset_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool has_config_reactive_power_offset_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool has_config_voltage_gain_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool has_config_current_gain_[3]{false, false, false};
+
   ESPPreferenceObject offset_pref_;
   ESPPreferenceObject power_offset_pref_;
   ESPPreferenceObject gain_calibration_pref_;
+  std::string cs_summary_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor_{nullptr};
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
@@ -231,6 +262,13 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   bool peak_current_signed_{false};
   bool enable_offset_calibration_{false};
   bool enable_gain_calibration_{false};
+  bool restored_offset_calibration_{false};
+  bool restored_power_offset_calibration_{false};
+  bool restored_gain_calibration_{false};
+  bool calibration_message_printed_{false};
+  bool offset_calibration_mismatch_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool power_offset_calibration_mismatch_[3]{false, false, false};
+  bool gain_calibration_mismatch_[3]{false, false, false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py

@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REACTIVE_POWER,
     CONF_REVERSE_ACTIVE_ENERGY,
     CONF_VOLTAGE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
@@ -100,13 +102,13 @@ ATM90E32_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
-            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_APPARENT_POWER): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
-            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_FACTOR): sensor.sensor_schema(

esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MIC_GAIN
-from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(100.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_ADC")
     cg.add_global(audio_adc_ns.using)

esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VOLUME
-from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(100.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_DAC")
     cg.add_global(audio_dac_ns.using)

esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/axs15231_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ constexpr static const uint8_t AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD[11] = {0xb5, 0xab, 0xa5, 0x5a,
 
 #define ERROR_CHECK(err) \
   if ((err) != i2c::ERROR_OK) { \
-    this->status_set_warning("Failed to communicate"); \
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Failed to communicate")); \
     return; \
   }
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void AXS15231Touchscreen::update_touches() {
   i2c::ErrorCode err;
   uint8_t data[8]{};
 
-  err = this->write(AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD, sizeof(AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD), false);
+  err = this->write(AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD, sizeof(AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD));
   ERROR_CHECK(err);
   err = this->read(data, sizeof(data));
   ERROR_CHECK(err);

esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.cpp

@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ void BedJetHub::dump_config() {
                 "  ble_client.app_id: %d\n"
                 "  ble_client.conn_id: %d",
                 this->get_name().c_str(), this->parent()->app_id, this->parent()->get_conn_id());
-  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this)
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Child components (%d):", this->children_.size());
   for (auto *child : this->children_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    - %s", child->describe().c_str());

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_VIBRATION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.util import Registry
@@ -516,6 +516,7 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
     icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
     entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
     device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    filters: list = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {}
 
@@ -527,6 +528,7 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
         (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
+        (CONF_FILTERS, filters, validate_filters),
     ]:
         if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
@@ -650,9 +652,8 @@ async def binary_sensor_is_off_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, paren, False)
 
 
-@coroutine_with_priority(100.0)
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config):
-    cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR")
     cg.add_global(binary_sensor_ns.using)
 
 

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,19 @@ namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor";
 
+// Function implementation of LOG_BINARY_SENSOR macro to reduce code size
+void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, BinarySensor *obj) {
+  if (obj == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s%s '%s'", prefix, type, obj->get_name().c_str());
+
+  if (!obj->get_device_class_ref().empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Device Class: '%s'", prefix, obj->get_device_class_ref().c_str());
+  }
+}
+
 void BinarySensor::publish_state(bool new_state) {
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
     this->send_state_internal(new_state);

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 namespace binary_sensor {
 
-#define LOG_BINARY_SENSOR(prefix, type, obj) \
-  if ((obj) != nullptr) { \
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "%s%s '%s'", prefix, LOG_STR_LITERAL(type), (obj)->get_name().c_str()); \
-    if (!(obj)->get_device_class().empty()) { \
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "%s  Device Class: '%s'", prefix, (obj)->get_device_class().c_str()); \
-    } \
-  }
+class BinarySensor;
+void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, BinarySensor *obj);
+
+#define LOG_BINARY_SENSOR(prefix, type, obj) log_binary_sensor(TAG, prefix, LOG_STR_LITERAL(type), obj)
 
 #define SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(name) \
  protected: \

esphome/components/bl0940/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,6 @@
-CODEOWNERS = ["@tobias-"]
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@tobias-", "@dan-s-github"]
+
+CONF_BL0940_ID = "bl0940_id"
+bl0940_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bl0940")

esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp

@@ -7,28 +7,26 @@ namespace bl0940 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bl0940";
 
-static const uint8_t BL0940_READ_COMMAND = 0x50;  // 0x58 according to documentation
 static const uint8_t BL0940_FULL_PACKET = 0xAA;
-static const uint8_t BL0940_PACKET_HEADER = 0x55;  // 0x58 according to documentation
+static const uint8_t BL0940_PACKET_HEADER = 0x55;  // 0x58 according to en doc but 0x55 in cn doc
 
-static const uint8_t BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND = 0xA0;  // 0xA8 according to documentation
 static const uint8_t BL0940_REG_I_FAST_RMS_CTRL = 0x10;
 static const uint8_t BL0940_REG_MODE = 0x18;
 static const uint8_t BL0940_REG_SOFT_RESET = 0x19;
 static const uint8_t BL0940_REG_USR_WRPROT = 0x1A;
 static const uint8_t BL0940_REG_TPS_CTRL = 0x1B;
 
-const uint8_t BL0940_INIT[5][6] = {
+static const uint8_t BL0940_INIT[5][5] = {
     // Reset to default
-    {BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0940_REG_SOFT_RESET, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x38},
+    {BL0940_REG_SOFT_RESET, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x38},
     // Enable User Operation Write
-    {BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0940_REG_USR_WRPROT, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0},
+    {BL0940_REG_USR_WRPROT, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0},
     // 0x0100 = CF_UNABLE energy pulse, AC_FREQ_SEL 50Hz, RMS_UPDATE_SEL 800mS
-    {BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0940_REG_MODE, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x37},
+    {BL0940_REG_MODE, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x37},
     // 0x47FF = Over-current and leakage alarm on, Automatic temperature measurement, Interval 100mS
-    {BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0940_REG_TPS_CTRL, 0xFF, 0x47, 0x00, 0xFE},
+    {BL0940_REG_TPS_CTRL, 0xFF, 0x47, 0x00, 0xFE},
     // 0x181C = Half cycle, Fast RMS threshold 6172
-    {BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0940_REG_I_FAST_RMS_CTRL, 0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x1B}};
+    {BL0940_REG_I_FAST_RMS_CTRL, 0x1C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x1B}};
 
 void BL0940::loop() {
   DataPacket buffer;
@@ -36,8 +34,8 @@ void BL0940::loop() {
     return;
   }
   if (read_array((uint8_t *) &buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
-    if (validate_checksum(&buffer)) {
-      received_package_(&buffer);
+    if (this->validate_checksum_(&buffer)) {
+      this->received_package_(&buffer);
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message");
@@ -46,35 +44,151 @@ void BL0940::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-bool BL0940::validate_checksum(const DataPacket *data) {
-  uint8_t checksum = BL0940_READ_COMMAND;
+bool BL0940::validate_checksum_(DataPacket *data) {
+  uint8_t checksum = this->read_command_;
   // Whole package but checksum
-  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(data->raw) - 1; i++) {
-    checksum += data->raw[i];
+  uint8_t *raw = (uint8_t *) data;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < sizeof(*data) - 1; i++) {
+    checksum += raw[i];
   }
   checksum ^= 0xFF;
   if (checksum != data->checksum) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BL0940 invalid checksum! 0x%02X != 0x%02X", checksum, data->checksum);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid checksum! 0x%02X != 0x%02X", checksum, data->checksum);
   }
   return checksum == data->checksum;
 }
 
 void BL0940::update() {
   this->flush();
-  this->write_byte(BL0940_READ_COMMAND);
+  this->write_byte(this->read_command_);
   this->write_byte(BL0940_FULL_PACKET);
 }
 
 void BL0940::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  // add calibration callbacks
+  if (this->voltage_calibration_number_ != nullptr) {
+    this->voltage_calibration_number_->add_on_state_callback(
+        [this](float state) { this->voltage_calibration_callback_(state); });
+    if (this->voltage_calibration_number_->has_state()) {
+      this->voltage_calibration_callback_(this->voltage_calibration_number_->state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->current_calibration_number_ != nullptr) {
+    this->current_calibration_number_->add_on_state_callback(
+        [this](float state) { this->current_calibration_callback_(state); });
+    if (this->current_calibration_number_->has_state()) {
+      this->current_calibration_callback_(this->current_calibration_number_->state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->power_calibration_number_ != nullptr) {
+    this->power_calibration_number_->add_on_state_callback(
+        [this](float state) { this->power_calibration_callback_(state); });
+    if (this->power_calibration_number_->has_state()) {
+      this->power_calibration_callback_(this->power_calibration_number_->state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->energy_calibration_number_ != nullptr) {
+    this->energy_calibration_number_->add_on_state_callback(
+        [this](float state) { this->energy_calibration_callback_(state); });
+    if (this->energy_calibration_number_->has_state()) {
+      this->energy_calibration_callback_(this->energy_calibration_number_->state);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // calculate calibrated reference values
+  this->voltage_reference_cal_ = this->voltage_reference_ / this->voltage_cal_;
+  this->current_reference_cal_ = this->current_reference_ / this->current_cal_;
+  this->power_reference_cal_ = this->power_reference_ / this->power_cal_;
+  this->energy_reference_cal_ = this->energy_reference_ / this->energy_cal_;
+
   for (auto *i : BL0940_INIT) {
-    this->write_array(i, 6);
+    this->write_byte(this->write_command_), this->write_array(i, 5);
     delay(1);
   }
   this->flush();
 }
 
-float BL0940::update_temp_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, ube16_t temperature) const {
-  auto tb = (float) (temperature.h << 8 | temperature.l);
+float BL0940::calculate_power_reference_() {
+  // calculate power reference based on voltage and current reference
+  return this->voltage_reference_cal_ * this->current_reference_cal_ * 4046 / 324004 / 79931;
+}
+
+float BL0940::calculate_energy_reference_() {
+  // formula: 3600000 * 4046 * RL * R1 * 1000 / (1638.4 * 256) / Vref² / (R1 + R2)
+  // or:  power_reference_ * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
+  return this->power_reference_cal_ * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256);
+}
+
+float BL0940::calculate_calibration_value_(float state) { return (100 + state) / 100; }
+
+void BL0940::reset_calibration() {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  if (this->current_calibration_number_ != nullptr && this->current_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->current_calibration_number_->make_call().set_value(0).perform();
+  }
+  if (this->voltage_calibration_number_ != nullptr && this->voltage_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->voltage_calibration_number_->make_call().set_value(0).perform();
+  }
+  if (this->power_calibration_number_ != nullptr && this->power_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->power_calibration_number_->make_call().set_value(0).perform();
+  }
+  if (this->energy_calibration_number_ != nullptr && this->energy_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->energy_calibration_number_->make_call().set_value(0).perform();
+  }
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "external calibration values restored to initial state");
+}
+
+void BL0940::current_calibration_callback_(float state) {
+  this->current_cal_ = this->calculate_calibration_value_(state);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "update current calibration state: %f", this->current_cal_);
+  this->recalibrate_();
+}
+void BL0940::voltage_calibration_callback_(float state) {
+  this->voltage_cal_ = this->calculate_calibration_value_(state);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "update voltage calibration state: %f", this->voltage_cal_);
+  this->recalibrate_();
+}
+void BL0940::power_calibration_callback_(float state) {
+  this->power_cal_ = this->calculate_calibration_value_(state);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "update power calibration state: %f", this->power_cal_);
+  this->recalibrate_();
+}
+void BL0940::energy_calibration_callback_(float state) {
+  this->energy_cal_ = this->calculate_calibration_value_(state);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "update energy calibration state: %f", this->energy_cal_);
+  this->recalibrate_();
+}
+
+void BL0940::recalibrate_() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Recalibrating reference values");
+  this->voltage_reference_cal_ = this->voltage_reference_ / this->voltage_cal_;
+  this->current_reference_cal_ = this->current_reference_ / this->current_cal_;
+
+  if (this->voltage_cal_ != 1 || this->current_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->power_reference_ = this->calculate_power_reference_();
+  }
+  this->power_reference_cal_ = this->power_reference_ / this->power_cal_;
+
+  if (this->voltage_cal_ != 1 || this->current_cal_ != 1 || this->power_cal_ != 1) {
+    this->energy_reference_ = this->calculate_energy_reference_();
+  }
+  this->energy_reference_cal_ = this->energy_reference_ / this->energy_cal_;
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+           "Recalibrated reference values:\n"
+           "Voltage: %f\n, Current: %f\n, Power: %f\n, Energy: %f\n",
+           this->voltage_reference_cal_, this->current_reference_cal_, this->power_reference_cal_,
+           this->energy_reference_cal_);
+}
+
+float BL0940::update_temp_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_le_t temperature) const {
+  auto tb = (float) temperature;
   float converted_temp = ((float) 170 / 448) * (tb / 2 - 32) - 45;
   if (sensor != nullptr) {
     if (sensor->has_state() && std::abs(converted_temp - sensor->get_state()) > max_temperature_diff_) {
@@ -87,33 +201,40 @@ float BL0940::update_temp_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, ube16_t temperature) const {
   return converted_temp;
 }
 
-void BL0940::received_package_(const DataPacket *data) const {
+void BL0940::received_package_(DataPacket *data) {
   // Bad header
   if (data->frame_header != BL0940_PACKET_HEADER) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Invalid data. Header mismatch: %d", data->frame_header);
     return;
   }
 
-  float v_rms = (float) to_uint32_t(data->v_rms) / voltage_reference_;
-  float i_rms = (float) to_uint32_t(data->i_rms) / current_reference_;
-  float watt = (float) to_int32_t(data->watt) / power_reference_;
-  uint32_t cf_cnt = to_uint32_t(data->cf_cnt);
-  float total_energy_consumption = (float) cf_cnt / energy_reference_;
+  // cf_cnt is only 24 bits, so track overflows
+  uint32_t cf_cnt = (uint24_t) data->cf_cnt;
+  cf_cnt |= this->prev_cf_cnt_ & 0xff000000;
+  if (cf_cnt < this->prev_cf_cnt_) {
+    cf_cnt += 0x1000000;
+  }
+  this->prev_cf_cnt_ = cf_cnt;
 
-  float tps1 = update_temp_(internal_temperature_sensor_, data->tps1);
-  float tps2 = update_temp_(external_temperature_sensor_, data->tps2);
+  float v_rms = (uint24_t) data->v_rms / this->voltage_reference_cal_;
+  float i_rms = (uint24_t) data->i_rms / this->current_reference_cal_;
+  float watt = (int24_t) data->watt / this->power_reference_cal_;
+  float total_energy_consumption = cf_cnt / this->energy_reference_cal_;
 
-  if (voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    voltage_sensor_->publish_state(v_rms);
+  float tps1 = update_temp_(this->internal_temperature_sensor_, data->tps1);
+  float tps2 = update_temp_(this->external_temperature_sensor_, data->tps2);
+
+  if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(v_rms);
   }
-  if (current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    current_sensor_->publish_state(i_rms);
+  if (this->current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->current_sensor_->publish_state(i_rms);
   }
-  if (power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    power_sensor_->publish_state(watt);
+  if (this->power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->power_sensor_->publish_state(watt);
   }
-  if (energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    energy_sensor_->publish_state(total_energy_consumption);
+  if (this->energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->energy_sensor_->publish_state(total_energy_consumption);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "BL0940: U %fV, I %fA, P %fW, Cnt %" PRId32 ", ∫P %fkWh, T1 %f°C, T2 %f°C", v_rms, i_rms, watt, cf_cnt,
@@ -121,7 +242,27 @@ void BL0940::received_package_(const DataPacket *data) const {
 }
 
 void BL0940::dump_config() {  // NOLINT(readability-function-cognitive-complexity)
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BL0940:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BL0940:\n"
+                "  LEGACY MODE: %s\n"
+                "  READ  CMD: 0x%02X\n"
+                "  WRITE CMD: 0x%02X\n"
+                "  ------------------\n"
+                "  Current reference: %f\n"
+                "  Energy reference: %f\n"
+                "  Power reference: %f\n"
+                "  Voltage reference: %f\n",
+                TRUEFALSE(this->legacy_mode_enabled_), this->read_command_, this->write_command_,
+                this->current_reference_, this->energy_reference_, this->power_reference_, this->voltage_reference_);
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BL0940:\n"
+                "  Current calibration: %f\n"
+                "  Energy calibration: %f\n"
+                "  Power calibration: %f\n"
+                "  Voltage calibration: %f\n",
+                this->current_cal_, this->energy_cal_, this->power_cal_, this->voltage_cal_);
+#endif
   LOG_SENSOR("", "Voltage", this->voltage_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("", "Current", this->current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("", "Power", this->power_sensor_);
@@ -130,9 +271,5 @@ void BL0940::dump_config() {  // NOLINT(readability-function-cognitive-complexit
   LOG_SENSOR("", "External temperature", this->external_temperature_sensor_);
 }
 
-uint32_t BL0940::to_uint32_t(ube24_t input) { return input.h << 16 | input.m << 8 | input.l; }
-
-int32_t BL0940::to_int32_t(sbe24_t input) { return input.h << 16 | input.m << 8 | input.l; }
-
 }  // namespace bl0940
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h

@@ -1,66 +1,48 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/datatypes.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace bl0940 {
 
-static const float BL0940_PREF = 1430;
-static const float BL0940_UREF = 33000;
-static const float BL0940_IREF = 275000;  // 2750 from tasmota. Seems to generate values 100 times too high
-
-// Measured to 297J  per click according to power consumption of 5 minutes
-// Converted to kWh (3.6MJ per kwH). Used to be 256 * 1638.4
-static const float BL0940_EREF = 3.6e6 / 297;
-
-struct ube24_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-struct-pack-align)
-  uint8_t l;
-  uint8_t m;
-  uint8_t h;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-struct ube16_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-struct-pack-align)
-  uint8_t l;
-  uint8_t h;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-struct sbe24_t {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-struct-pack-align)
-  uint8_t l;
-  uint8_t m;
-  int8_t h;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
 // Caveat: All these values are big endian (low - middle - high)
-
-union DataPacket {  // NOLINT(altera-struct-pack-align)
-  uint8_t raw[35];
-  struct {
-    uint8_t frame_header;  // value of 0x58 according to docs. 0x55 according to Tasmota real world tests. Reality wins.
-    ube24_t i_fast_rms;    // 0x00
-    ube24_t i_rms;         // 0x04
-    ube24_t RESERVED0;     // reserved
-    ube24_t v_rms;         // 0x06
-    ube24_t RESERVED1;     // reserved
-    sbe24_t watt;          // 0x08
-    ube24_t RESERVED2;     // reserved
-    ube24_t cf_cnt;        // 0x0A
-    ube24_t RESERVED3;     // reserved
-    ube16_t tps1;          // 0x0c
-    uint8_t RESERVED4;     // value of 0x00
-    ube16_t tps2;          // 0x0c
-    uint8_t RESERVED5;     // value of 0x00
-    uint8_t checksum;      // checksum
-  };
+struct DataPacket {
+  uint8_t frame_header;    // Packet header (0x58 in EN docs, 0x55 in CN docs and Tasmota tests)
+  uint24_le_t i_fast_rms;  // Fast RMS current
+  uint24_le_t i_rms;       // RMS current
+  uint24_t RESERVED0;      // Reserved
+  uint24_le_t v_rms;       // RMS voltage
+  uint24_t RESERVED1;      // Reserved
+  int24_le_t watt;         // Active power (can be negative for bidirectional measurement)
+  uint24_t RESERVED2;      // Reserved
+  uint24_le_t cf_cnt;      // Energy pulse count
+  uint24_t RESERVED3;      // Reserved
+  uint16_le_t tps1;        // Internal temperature sensor 1
+  uint8_t RESERVED4;       // Reserved (should be 0x00)
+  uint16_le_t tps2;        // Internal temperature sensor 2
+  uint8_t RESERVED5;       // Reserved (should be 0x00)
+  uint8_t checksum;        // Packet checksum
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
 class BL0940 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
+  // Sensor setters
   void set_voltage_sensor(sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor) { voltage_sensor_ = voltage_sensor; }
   void set_current_sensor(sensor::Sensor *current_sensor) { current_sensor_ = current_sensor; }
   void set_power_sensor(sensor::Sensor *power_sensor) { power_sensor_ = power_sensor; }
   void set_energy_sensor(sensor::Sensor *energy_sensor) { energy_sensor_ = energy_sensor; }
+
+  // Temperature sensor setters
   void set_internal_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *internal_temperature_sensor) {
     internal_temperature_sensor_ = internal_temperature_sensor;
   }
@@ -68,42 +50,105 @@ class BL0940 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
     external_temperature_sensor_ = external_temperature_sensor;
   }
 
-  void loop() override;
+  // Configuration setters
+  void set_legacy_mode(bool enable) { this->legacy_mode_enabled_ = enable; }
+  void set_read_command(uint8_t read_command) { this->read_command_ = read_command; }
+  void set_write_command(uint8_t write_command) { this->write_command_ = write_command; }
 
+  // Reference value setters (used for calibration and conversion)
+  void set_current_reference(float current_ref) { this->current_reference_ = current_ref; }
+  void set_energy_reference(float energy_ref) { this->energy_reference_ = energy_ref; }
+  void set_power_reference(float power_ref) { this->power_reference_ = power_ref; }
+  void set_voltage_reference(float voltage_ref) { this->voltage_reference_ = voltage_ref; }
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  // Calibration number setters (for Home Assistant number entities)
+  void set_current_calibration_number(number::Number *num) { this->current_calibration_number_ = num; }
+  void set_voltage_calibration_number(number::Number *num) { this->voltage_calibration_number_ = num; }
+  void set_power_calibration_number(number::Number *num) { this->power_calibration_number_ = num; }
+  void set_energy_calibration_number(number::Number *num) { this->energy_calibration_number_ = num; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  // Resets all calibration values to defaults (can be triggered by a button)
+  void reset_calibration();
+#endif
+
+  // Core component methods
+  void loop() override;
   void update() override;
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor_{nullptr};
-  sensor::Sensor *current_sensor_{nullptr};
-  // NB This may be negative as the circuits is seemingly able to measure
-  // power in both directions
-  sensor::Sensor *power_sensor_{nullptr};
-  sensor::Sensor *energy_sensor_{nullptr};
-  sensor::Sensor *internal_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
-  sensor::Sensor *external_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  // --- Sensor pointers ---
+  sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor_{nullptr};               // Voltage sensor
+  sensor::Sensor *current_sensor_{nullptr};               // Current sensor
+  sensor::Sensor *power_sensor_{nullptr};                 // Power sensor (can be negative for bidirectional)
+  sensor::Sensor *energy_sensor_{nullptr};                // Energy sensor
+  sensor::Sensor *internal_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};  // Internal temperature sensor
+  sensor::Sensor *external_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};  // External temperature sensor
 
-  // Max difference between two measurements of the temperature. Used to avoid noise.
-  float max_temperature_diff_{0};
-  // Divide by this to turn into Watt
-  float power_reference_ = BL0940_PREF;
-  // Divide by this to turn into Volt
-  float voltage_reference_ = BL0940_UREF;
-  // Divide by this to turn into Ampere
-  float current_reference_ = BL0940_IREF;
-  // Divide by this to turn into kWh
-  float energy_reference_ = BL0940_EREF;
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  // --- Calibration number entities (for dynamic calibration via HA UI) ---
+  number::Number *voltage_calibration_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *current_calibration_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *power_calibration_number_{nullptr};
+  number::Number *energy_calibration_number_{nullptr};
+#endif
 
-  float update_temp_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, ube16_t packed_temperature) const;
+  // --- Internal state ---
+  uint32_t prev_cf_cnt_ = 0;       // Previous energy pulse count (for energy calculation)
+  float max_temperature_diff_{0};  // Max allowed temperature difference between two measurements (noise filter)
 
-  static uint32_t to_uint32_t(ube24_t input);
+  // --- Reference values for conversion ---
+  float power_reference_;        // Divider for raw power to get Watts
+  float power_reference_cal_;    // Calibrated power reference
+  float voltage_reference_;      // Divider for raw voltage to get Volts
+  float voltage_reference_cal_;  // Calibrated voltage reference
+  float current_reference_;      // Divider for raw current to get Amperes
+  float current_reference_cal_;  // Calibrated current reference
+  float energy_reference_;       // Divider for raw energy to get kWh
+  float energy_reference_cal_;   // Calibrated energy reference
 
-  static int32_t to_int32_t(sbe24_t input);
+  // --- Home Assistant calibration values (multipliers, default 1) ---
+  float current_cal_{1};
+  float voltage_cal_{1};
+  float power_cal_{1};
+  float energy_cal_{1};
 
-  static bool validate_checksum(const DataPacket *data);
+  // --- Protocol commands ---
+  uint8_t read_command_;
+  uint8_t write_command_;
 
-  void received_package_(const DataPacket *data) const;
+  // --- Mode flags ---
+  bool legacy_mode_enabled_ = true;
+
+  // --- Methods ---
+  // Converts packed temperature value to float and updates the sensor
+  float update_temp_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, uint16_le_t packed_temperature) const;
+
+  // Validates the checksum of a received data packet
+  bool validate_checksum_(DataPacket *data);
+
+  // Handles a received data packet
+  void received_package_(DataPacket *data);
+
+  // Calculates reference values for calibration and conversion
+  float calculate_energy_reference_();
+  float calculate_power_reference_();
+  float calculate_calibration_value_(float state);
+
+  // Calibration update callbacks (used with number entities)
+  void current_calibration_callback_(float state);
+  void voltage_calibration_callback_(float state);
+  void power_calibration_callback_(float state);
+  void energy_calibration_callback_(float state);
+  void reset_calibration_callback_();
+
+  // Recalculates all reference values after calibration changes
+  void recalibrate_();
 };
+
 }  // namespace bl0940
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
+
+from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
+from ..sensor import BL0940
+
+CalibrationResetButton = bl0940_ns.class_(
+    "CalibrationResetButton", button.Button, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    button.button_schema(
+        CalibrationResetButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon=ICON_RESTART,
+    )
+    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_BL0940_ID): cv.use_id(BL0940)})
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await button.new_button(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_BL0940_ID])

esphome/components/bl0940/button/calibration_reset_button.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "calibration_reset_button.h"
+#include "../bl0940.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bl0940 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bl0940.button.calibration_reset";
+
+void CalibrationResetButton::dump_config() { LOG_BUTTON("", "Calibration Reset Button", this); }
+
+void CalibrationResetButton::press_action() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Resetting calibration defaults...");
+  this->parent_->reset_calibration();
+}
+
+}  // namespace bl0940
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/button/calibration_reset_button.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bl0940 {
+
+class BL0940;  // Forward declaration of BL0940 class
+
+class CalibrationResetButton : public button::Button, public Component, public Parented<BL0940> {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace bl0940
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/number/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_MAX_VALUE,
+    CONF_MIN_VALUE,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_RESTORE_VALUE,
+    CONF_STEP,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
+from ..sensor import BL0940
+
+# Define calibration types
+CONF_CURRENT_CALIBRATION = "current_calibration"
+CONF_VOLTAGE_CALIBRATION = "voltage_calibration"
+CONF_POWER_CALIBRATION = "power_calibration"
+CONF_ENERGY_CALIBRATION = "energy_calibration"
+
+BL0940Number = bl0940_ns.class_("BL0940Number")
+
+CalibrationNumber = bl0940_ns.class_(
+    "CalibrationNumber", number.Number, cg.PollingComponent
+)
+
+
+def validate_min_max(config):
+    if config[CONF_MAX_VALUE] <= config[CONF_MIN_VALUE]:
+        raise cv.Invalid("max_value must be greater than min_value")
+    return config
+
+
+CALIBRATION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    number.number_schema(
+        CalibrationNumber,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="BOX"): cv.enum(number.NUMBER_MODES),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_VALUE, default=10): cv.All(
+                cv.float_, cv.Range(max=50)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VALUE, default=-10): cv.All(
+                cv.float_, cv.Range(min=-50)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STEP, default=0.1): cv.positive_float,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESTORE_VALUE): cv.boolean,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    validate_min_max,
+)
+
+# Configuration schema for BL0940 numbers
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BL0940Number),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BL0940_ID): cv.use_id(BL0940),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_CALIBRATION): CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VOLTAGE_CALIBRATION): CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_CALIBRATION): CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENERGY_CALIBRATION): CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    # Get the BL0940 component instance
+    bl0940 = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
+
+    # Process all calibration types
+    for cal_type, setter_method in [
+        (CONF_CURRENT_CALIBRATION, "set_current_calibration_number"),
+        (CONF_VOLTAGE_CALIBRATION, "set_voltage_calibration_number"),
+        (CONF_POWER_CALIBRATION, "set_power_calibration_number"),
+        (CONF_ENERGY_CALIBRATION, "set_energy_calibration_number"),
+    ]:
+        if conf := config.get(cal_type):
+            var = await number.new_number(
+                conf,
+                min_value=conf.get(CONF_MIN_VALUE),
+                max_value=conf.get(CONF_MAX_VALUE),
+                step=conf.get(CONF_STEP),
+            )
+            await cg.register_component(var, conf)
+
+            if restore_value := config.get(CONF_RESTORE_VALUE):
+                cg.add(var.set_restore_value(restore_value))
+            cg.add(getattr(bl0940, setter_method)(var))

esphome/components/bl0940/number/calibration_number.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "calibration_number.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bl0940 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bl0940.number";
+
+void CalibrationNumber::setup() {
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  if (this->restore_value_) {
+    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_object_id_hash());
+    if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
+      value = 0.0f;
+    }
+  }
+  this->publish_state(value);
+}
+
+void CalibrationNumber::control(float value) {
+  this->publish_state(value);
+  if (this->restore_value_)
+    this->pref_.save(&value);
+}
+
+void CalibrationNumber::dump_config() { LOG_NUMBER("", "Calibration Number", this); }
+
+}  // namespace bl0940
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/number/calibration_number.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bl0940 {
+
+class CalibrationNumber : public number::Number, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+
+  void set_restore_value(bool restore_value) { this->restore_value_ = restore_value; }
+
+ protected:
+  void control(float value) override;
+  bool restore_value_{true};
+
+  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace bl0940
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0940/sensor.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_POWER,
+    CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE,
     CONF_VOLTAGE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
@@ -23,12 +24,133 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
 
+from . import bl0940_ns
+
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
-
-bl0940_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bl0940")
 BL0940 = bl0940_ns.class_("BL0940", cg.PollingComponent, uart.UARTDevice)
 
+CONF_LEGACY_MODE = "legacy_mode"
+
+CONF_READ_COMMAND = "read_command"
+CONF_WRITE_COMMAND = "write_command"
+
+CONF_RESISTOR_SHUNT = "resistor_shunt"
+CONF_RESISTOR_ONE = "resistor_one"
+CONF_RESISTOR_TWO = "resistor_two"
+
+CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE = "current_reference"
+CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE = "energy_reference"
+CONF_POWER_REFERENCE = "power_reference"
+CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE = "voltage_reference"
+
+DEFAULT_BL0940_READ_COMMAND = 0x58
+DEFAULT_BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND = 0xA1
+
+# Values according to BL0940 application note:
+# https://www.belling.com.cn/media/file_object/bel_product/BL0940/guide/BL0940_APPNote_TSSOP14_V1.04_EN.pdf
+DEFAULT_BL0940_VREF = 1.218  # Vref = 1.218
+DEFAULT_BL0940_RL = 1  # RL = 1 mΩ
+DEFAULT_BL0940_R1 = 0.51  # R1 = 0.51 kΩ
+DEFAULT_BL0940_R2 = 1950  # R2 = 5 x 390 kΩ -> 1950 kΩ
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+# values from initial implementation
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_READ_COMMAND = 0x50
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_WRITE_COMMAND = 0xA0
+
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_UREF = 33000
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_IREF = 275000
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_PREF = 1430
+# Measured to 297J  per click according to power consumption of 5 minutes
+# Converted to kWh (3.6MJ per kwH). Used to be 256 * 1638.4
+DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_EREF = 3.6e6 / 297
+# ----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# methods to calculate voltage and current reference values
+def calculate_voltage_reference(vref, r_one, r_two):
+    # formula: 79931 / Vref * (R1 * 1000) / (R1 + R2)
+    return 79931 / vref * (r_one * 1000) / (r_one + r_two)
+
+
+def calculate_current_reference(vref, r_shunt):
+    # formula: 324004 * RL / Vref
+    return 324004 * r_shunt / vref
+
+
+def calculate_power_reference(voltage_reference, current_reference):
+    # calculate power reference based on voltage and current reference
+    return voltage_reference * current_reference * 4046 / 324004 / 79931
+
+
+def calculate_energy_reference(power_reference):
+    # formula: power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
+    return power_reference * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
+
+
+def validate_legacy_mode(config):
+    # Only allow schematic calibration options if legacy_mode is False
+    if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
+        forbidden = [
+            CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE,
+            CONF_RESISTOR_SHUNT,
+            CONF_RESISTOR_ONE,
+            CONF_RESISTOR_TWO,
+        ]
+        for key in forbidden:
+            if key in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Option '{key}' is only allowed when legacy_mode: false"
+                )
+    return config
+
+
+def set_command_defaults(config):
+    # Set defaults for read_command and write_command based on legacy_mode
+    legacy = config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True)
+    if legacy:
+        config.setdefault(CONF_READ_COMMAND, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_READ_COMMAND)
+        config.setdefault(CONF_WRITE_COMMAND, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_WRITE_COMMAND)
+    else:
+        config.setdefault(CONF_READ_COMMAND, DEFAULT_BL0940_READ_COMMAND)
+        config.setdefault(CONF_WRITE_COMMAND, DEFAULT_BL0940_WRITE_COMMAND)
+    return config
+
+
+def set_reference_values(config):
+    # Set default reference values based on legacy_mode
+    if config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, True):
+        config.setdefault(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_UREF)
+        config.setdefault(CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_IREF)
+        config.setdefault(CONF_POWER_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_PREF)
+        config.setdefault(CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_LEGACY_PREF)
+    else:
+        vref = config.get(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, DEFAULT_BL0940_VREF)
+        r_one = config.get(CONF_RESISTOR_ONE, DEFAULT_BL0940_R1)
+        r_two = config.get(CONF_RESISTOR_TWO, DEFAULT_BL0940_R2)
+        r_shunt = config.get(CONF_RESISTOR_SHUNT, DEFAULT_BL0940_RL)
+
+        config.setdefault(
+            CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, calculate_voltage_reference(vref, r_one, r_two)
+        )
+        config.setdefault(
+            CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE, calculate_current_reference(vref, r_shunt)
+        )
+        config.setdefault(
+            CONF_POWER_REFERENCE,
+            calculate_power_reference(
+                config.get(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE), config.get(CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE)
+            ),
+        )
+        config.setdefault(
+            CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE,
+            calculate_energy_reference(config.get(CONF_POWER_REFERENCE)),
+        )
+
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -69,10 +191,24 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_LEGACY_MODE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_READ_COMMAND): cv.hex_uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE_COMMAND): cv.hex_uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESISTOR_SHUNT): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESISTOR_ONE): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESISTOR_TWO): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_REFERENCE): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE): cv.float_,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
     .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .add_extra(validate_legacy_mode)
+    .add_extra(set_command_defaults)
+    .add_extra(set_reference_values)
 )
 
 
@@ -99,3 +235,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if external_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_EXTERNAL_TEMPERATURE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(external_temperature_config)
         cg.add(var.set_external_temperature_sensor(sens))
+
+    # enable legacy mode
+    cg.add(var.set_legacy_mode(config.get(CONF_LEGACY_MODE)))
+
+    # Set bl0940 commands after validator has determined which defaults to use if not set
+    cg.add(var.set_read_command(config.get(CONF_READ_COMMAND)))
+    cg.add(var.set_write_command(config.get(CONF_WRITE_COMMAND)))
+
+    # Set reference values after validator has set the values either from defaults or calculated
+    cg.add(var.set_current_reference(config.get(CONF_CURRENT_REFERENCE)))
+    cg.add(var.set_voltage_reference(config.get(CONF_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE)))
+    cg.add(var.set_power_reference(config.get(CONF_POWER_REFERENCE)))
+    cg.add(var.set_energy_reference(config.get(CONF_ENERGY_REFERENCE)))

esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void BL0942::setup() {
   this->write_reg_(BL0942_REG_USR_WRPROT, 0);
 
   if (this->read_reg_(BL0942_REG_MODE) != mode)
-    this->status_set_warning("BL0942 setup failed!");
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("BL0942 setup failed!"));
 
   this->flush();
 }